Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 1 3 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh ZOKAEI Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran AND School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20534/6753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 4 11 Veljko TURANJANIN Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University in Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia Darko RADULOVIĆ Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2020 04 28 Coronavirus (COVID-19) is the newest dangerous contagious disease in the world, emerged at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020. World Health Organization at the daily level publishes numbers of infected patients as well as several dead people around the world and in every region particularly. However, public health and criminal law are inevitably linked. National criminal laws in Europe mainly prescribe criminal offences for transmitting a dangerous contagious disease. Numerous states have closed their borders, quarantining their nationals that entering in the state. Strangers cannot enter in European Union. However, many do not abide by the restrictions, and people who have become ill with coronavirus walking the streets and committing a criminal offence. The authors in the work, in the first place, explain the connection between public health and criminal law and then elaborate criminal jurisdictions in Europe.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20535 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20535/6754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 12 17 Quan ZHOU Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Sufang HUANG Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Yaru XIAO Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Miqi LI Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Zhiran GUO Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 2020 04 28 At present, new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is circulating worldwide. The pathogen of this coronavirus pneumonia is named SARS-CoV-2. The virus has a long incubation period and is highly contagious. There is currently no specific targeted drug treatment. The focus of anti-epidemic work should be more on prevention and control while cutting off the virus transmission route while treating infected patients, and protecting healthy people. In order to protect the safety and health of the Chinese citizens and to maintain the safety of world public health, the Chinese government and people have made unprecedented efforts to control the epidemic. Many people in the international community have joined in limiting the spread of COVID-19. This article combines the development of COVID-19 epidemic situation in Wuhan, the relevant prevention and control measures of the Wuhan government and local health authorities to share Wuhan’s experience on control the cluster epidemic and provide new suggestions and ideas for epidemic prevention and control.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20536 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20536/6755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 03 28 18 29 Amirhossein SHEIKHSHAHROKH Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Reza RANJBAR Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elnaz SAEIDI Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Farhad SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran Mohammad HEIAT Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Payam GHASEMI-DEHKORDI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Hamed GOODARZI Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 COVID-19 is considered as the third human coronavirus and has a high potential for transmission. Fast public health interventions through antibodies, anti-virals or novel vaccine strategies to control the virus and disease transmission have been extremely followed. SARS-CoV-2 shares about 79% genomic similarity with SARS-CoV and approximately 50% with MERS-CoV. Based on these similarities, prior knowledge in treating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can be used as the basis of majority of the alternatives for controlling SARS-CoV-2. Immunotherapy is an effective strategy for clinical treatment of infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. Passive antibody therapy, which decreases the virus replication and disease severity, is assessed as an effective therapeutic approach to control SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. The close similarity between SARS-CoV-2 genome with the SARS-CoV genome caused both coronaviruses to bind to the same angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that found in the human lung. There are several strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which the majority of them are based on those developed previously for SARS-CoV. The interaction between the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 on the host cell surface leads to the initiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. S protein, which is the main inducer of neutralizing antibodies, has been targeted by most of these strategies. Vaccines that induce an immune response against the S protein to inhibit its binding with the host ACE2 receptor, can be considered as effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we aimed to review frontier therapeutics and vaccination strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20537 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20537/6756

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 30 37 Mahsa TAHERIZADEH Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Alireza TABIBZADEH Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshid PANAHI Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh SAFARNEZHAD TAMESHKEL Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa GOLAHDOOZ Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi KARBALAIE NIYA Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 Since the 1970 the replication and pathogenesis mechanism of different coronaviruses have been studded.. In 2002-2003, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) in China emerged which resulted in 8098 cases and 774 deaths. About 10 years later in 2012, the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) spread in Middle Eastern countries and leads to infection in 2465 cases. In Dec 2019, another acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-2 emerged in Wuhan, China. The virus is assumed to be mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets. Travels and communications leads to high prevalence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in the world, and currently in Iran. The current review was conducted to compare the virus structure, genome organization, virus life cycle, pathogenesis and prediction the future of COVID-19. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20538 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20538/6757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 38 47 Mojdeh BANAEI Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida GHASEMI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Medicine, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran Marzieh SAEI GHARE NAZ Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra KIANI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh RASHIDI-FAKARI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sedigheh BANAEI Department of Radiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Behzad MOHAMMAD SOURI Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohsen ROKNI Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Buali Hospital of Laboratory, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2020 04 28 Background: Considering that the obstetricians and pediatricians need to comprehensive information about the obstetric and neonatal effect of COVID-19, this review study was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this systematic review the international search databases following PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Embase and Google scholar were searched. All articles were reviewed by two independent researchers until 10 April 2020. After quality assessment of included studies the finding reported in 2 sections obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Results: The sixteen studies with a sample size of 123 pregnant women with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 and their neonates were evaluated. The range of gestational age was 25-40 weeks. There was no death associated with COVID-19 in pregnant women. The obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 include decreased fetal movement, intrauterine fetal distress, anemia, PROM, preterm labor, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and etc. The most common delivery mode in women affect with COVID-19 was cesarean section. Expect for one case with MODS, in the majority of the studies reviewed, no severe morbidity or mortality occurred. The neonatal outcomes were stillbirth, prematurity, asphyxia, fetal distress, low birth weight, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation and neonatal death. In addition, five neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. However, the studies report these outcomes but the exact causes of theme are not known. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we summarize the diverse results of studies about the obstetrics and neonatal outcomes following COVID-19. This infection may cause negative outcomes in both mothers and neonates. However, there were evidence about neonate infected with COVID-19, but there is controversial information about the vertical transmission of COVID-19.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20539 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20539/6758

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 48 56 Julián Felipe PORRAS-VILLAMIL Infections and Tropical Health, School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Carrera, Bogotá D.C., Colombia Mario Javier OLIVERA National Institute of Health, Department of Parasitology, Avenida calle 26 No. 51-20 - Zona 6 CAN, Bogotá, D.C., Colom-bia Nadia Katherine RÍOS-CAMARGO School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogotá D.C, Colombia 2020 04 28 Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. It is essential to understand the epidemiological characteristics of the first few cases in each country. This study aimed to describe the geographical distribution, and temporal appearance of the first few hundred cases in Colombia. Methods: This observational study was conducted to review the literature and key documentary information from public health institutions, websites and news reports were examined. Results: The first few 100 cases for COVID-19 were confirmed in Colombia. According to sex, men with 54% predominate, the most affected age group was 20 to 29 yr old (26%), 9% of the cases required hospitalization and no deaths were reported. Most of the confirmed subjects were from the departments of Cundinamarca. To date, most cases are imported (63%), especially from Spain. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic puts in evidence the lack of understanding, prevention and contention power of the different countries around the world is not as good as it could be. Politics must not affect the different proposed measures.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20540 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20540/6759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 57 66 Ge CHEN Department of Clinical Engineering, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Jiarong XIE Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Guangli DAI Department of Clinical Engineering, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Peijun ZHENG Department of Nursing, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xiaqing HU Department of Emergency, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Hongpeng LU LU Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Lei XU Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xueqin CHEN Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xiaomin CHEN Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China 2020 04 28 Background: We aimed to compare the accuracy of individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures with their tympanic temperature under different circumstances. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in a real-life population in Ningbo First Hospital in China. We consecutively recorded individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures in Celsius (°C) using a noncontact infrared thermometer (NCIT). We also measured individuals’ tympanic temperature using a tympanic thermometer (IRTT) and defined fever as a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C. Results: We enrolled 528 participants, including 261 indoor and 267 outdoor participants. We grouped the outdoor participants into four groups according to their means of transportation to the hospital: by foot, by bicycle/electric vehicle, by car, or as a passenger in a car. Under different circumstances, the mean difference in the forehead measurement ranged from -1.72 to -0.56 °C across groups, and that in the wrist measurement ranged from -0.96 to -0.61°C. Both measurements had high fever screening abilities in indoor patients. (Wrist: AUC 0.790; 95% CI: 0.725-0.854, P<0.001; forehead: AUC 0.816; 95% CI: 0.757-0.876, P <0.001). The cut-off value of the wrist measurement for detecting a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C was 36.2 °C, with 86.4% sensitivity and 67.0% specificity, and the best threshold for the forehead measurement was 36.2 °C, with 93.2% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity. Conclusion: Wrist measurements are more stable than forehead measurements under different circumstances. Both measurements have favorable fever screening abilities in indoor patients. The cut-off values were both 36.2 °C.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20542 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20542/6760

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 67 75 Mehmet DOĞAN Department of Public Health, Health Services Vocational School, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey Muhammet BAYRAKTAR Family Medicine Unit, Kemerhisar First Family Health Center, Niğde, Turkey 2020 04 28 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 as seen worldwide from a public health perspective and evaluate the measures taken across Turkey against the virus and to determine the compliance of people with these measures. Methods: WHO's official COVID-19 cases were evaluated up to 27 Mar 2020. Public measures adopted by Turkey in combating the COVID-19 were examined. The compliance of those applying to Family Health Centers (FHC) with these measures was also evaluated. Results: Overall, 178 people who applied to the FHC were included in the study. Of the participants, 65.2% were women, and the average age was 56.47±17.27 (Min:18, Max:92). The most frequently used personal protection (96.1%) against the epidemic was liquid soap. According to the participants, avoiding patients (99.7%) and frequent hand washing (97.2%) were stated to as the most effective measures to protect against COVID-19. One of the first and most influential bodies in the fight against COVID-19 in Turkey is the Scientific Committee consisting of academicians. Turkey has taken measures such as closing land borders, stopping all flights, vacationing schools, closing places of worship, and stopping sports events. Conclusion: The COVID-19 has affected societies in many areas such as health, education, sports, and trade. Countries should take appropriate and timely measures to combat COVID-19. The public must comply with the precautions taken to fight COVID-19. Besides, all countries should take general precautions for public health against increasing epidemics.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20543 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20543/6761

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 76 81 Ke FENG Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningixa 750004, China Bin MEI Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China Zhongwei CHEN Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningixa 750004, China Xufeng FU Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China 2020 04 28 Background: Beginning in Dec 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, has caused an international outbreak of respiratory illness termed COVID-19. The workers in the FangCang hospital have to work for more than 8 h and the work is high strength. Furthermore, to protect health and prevent serious cross-infection, they need to wear isolation equipment when working in FangCang hospital. These characteristics increase the risk of cardiac arrest (CA), which seriously endangers the lives of workers. Methods: We participated in the rescue of the patient and workers at first-line in FangCang hospital, and summarized the rescue strategies for workers rescuing. Results: Workers with CA were rescued in time according our guideline and showed zero dead in FangCang hospital. Conclusion: This study establishes the strategy for the CA of workers including the establishment of an in-FangCang resuscitation team, the establishment of a dedicated rescue room, and the formulation of rescue measures and procedures for CA of workers in the FangCang hospital. Therefore, we aimed to provide a strategy for the rescue of workers with CA in the FangCang hospital and share the success in rescuing with the world.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20544 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20544/6762

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 82 86 Qingjie YI Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Quality Control Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Wei FANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Chunhui LANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Huaming MOU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Jinglong LV Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Suxin WAN Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Lian GUO Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Yilin WANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Quality Control Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Huawen LIU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Oncology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Qing XIAO Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Chunqiu LIU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Min HUANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of General Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Bangshuo ZHANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China 2020 04 28 Background: COVID-19(2019 novel coronavirus disease)has brought tremendous pressure to the prevention and control of the national epidemic due to its concealed onset, strong infectivity and fast transmission speed. Methods: In this retrospective study, 226 patients diagnosed with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in the Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital were included. The patients' clinical data, including general information, initial symptoms at the onset, time of disease diagnosis, time to treatment in hospital, time of nucleic acid conversion to negative, disease classification, total time of hospitalization were collected. The clinical data of the mild and severe patients were compared. Results: Fever, cough, sore throat, poor appetite andfatigue were the main symptoms of the diagnosed patients. The time of diagnosis was significantly shorter in the mild patients (4.96 ± 4.10 days) than severe patients (7.63 ± 9.17 days) (P=0.004). Mild patients had shorter time to treatment in hospital (6.09 ± 4.47 vs. 8.71 ± 9.04 days) and less time of nucleic acid conversion to negative (7.58 ± 2.51 vs. 11.6 ± 4.67 days) compared to the severe patients. Conclusion: The above results can be used as a quantitative basis for the “five-early"(early detection, early screening, early diagnosis, early isolation treatment, and early recovery) model. The government, the masses, and the hospitals' joint prevention and optimization of the "five-early" model will provide important scientific reference for further prevention and control of the epidemics.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20545 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20545/6763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 87 91 Yun ZHOU Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China Jing-Jing FANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China Shan-Shan WANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China 2020 04 28 Background: To explore the homogenized management method of infection prevention and control in medical resident under COVID-19 epidemic situation. Methods: Overall, 268 members in Ningbo Medical Group which was participating in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China were managed homogeneously in terms of personal cleaning and disinfection of articles, prevention and control of infection in life, training and assessment of relevant infection knowledge in hospitals. Results: In the epidemic situation, the homogenization management of infection prevention and control in the resident of medical team is an important measure to block the transmission link. Conclusion: 1. Conduct homogenization management on the training of hospital infection knowledge for medical staff. 2. Conduct homogeneous management of effective assessment of training knowledge. 3. Conduct homogenization management from personal cleaning and disinfection, as well as infection prevention and control in daily life.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20546 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20546/6764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 92 100 Leila MOFTAKHAR Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mozhgan SEIF Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Biostatistics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Marziyeh Sadat SAFE Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 2020 04 28 Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 is rapidly spreading around the world and became a pandemic disease. For help to better planning of interventions, this study was conducted to forecast the number of daily new infected cases with COVID-19 for next thirty days in Iran. Methods: The information of observed Iranian new cases from 19th Feb to 30th Mar 2020 was used to predict the number of patients until 29th Apr. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were applied for prediction. The data was prepared from daily reports of Iran Ministry of Health and open datasets provided by the JOHN Hopkins. To compare models, dataset was separated into train and test sets. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was the comparison criteria. Results: Both algorithms forecasted an exponential increase in number of newly infected patients. If the spreading pattern continues the same as before, the number of daily new cases would be 7872 and 9558 by 29th Apr, respectively by ANN and ARIMA. While Model comparison confirmed that ARIMA prediction was more accurate than ANN. Conclusion: COVID-19 is contagious disease, and has infected many people in Iran. Our results are an alarm for health policy planners and decision-makers, to make timely decisions, control the disease and provide the equipment needed.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20549 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20549/6765 2023 08 26 Background: The effects of health-literacy and health-perception on prenatal distress levels of pregnant women were not investigated. We aimed to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s prenatal distress levels with their health-literacy and health-perception and affecting factors. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 223 pregnant women in Ankara, Turkey in 2021. Data were collected with a personal information form, Health Literacy Scale (HLS), Health Perception Scale (HPS), and Prenatal Distress Scale (PDS). Results: Participants’ mean score on the PDS was 11.39±6.17. Participants who had a high level of education (P=0.040), working (P=0.026), no history of miscarriage/abortion (P=0.040), and a bad relationship with their spouses (P<0.001) had significantly higher mean scores on the PDS. There was a significant negative correlation between total PDS and HLS scores (P<0.001) and a positive correlation between total PDS and HPS scores (P<0.001). Total HLS and HPS scores, spousal relationship status, education level, and employment had an effect on the mean PDS score and that the explanatory power of the model was found 21.5% (R2=0.215). Conclusion: Pregnant women had a moderate level of prenatal distress. While the prenatal distress levels of pregnant women with high health-literacy levels decreased, the levels of those who were employed, had a higher level of education, and had a bad relationship with their spouses increased. Awareness of the factors affecting pregnant women’s prenatal distress can guide the provision of adequate care and support interventions during pregnancy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32607 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32607/8035

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1925 1934 Ardea Milidrag Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Teodora Safiye Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Medo Gutić 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Public Health Institution Health Center “Dr Branko Zogovic”, Plav, Montenegro Milena Zlatanović 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department Ćuprija, Academy of Educational and Medical Vocational Studies Kruševac, Serbia Aleksandar Stevanović Faculty of Social Science, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Jakša Dubljanin 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia Mile Despotović Department Ćuprija, Academy of Educational and Medical Vocational Studies Kruševac, Serbia Vesna Miličić 1. Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Dermatology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Svetlana Radević Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ana Ravić-Nikolić 1. Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Dermatology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2023 07 17 2023 08 27 Background: We aimed to identify the quality of life (QoL) of patients with psoriasis, to determine the possible differences depending on the therapeutic modalities (biologic, conventional treatment and phototherapy), and to examine other variables that could affect the success of the treatment. Methods: This research was a non-experimental, quantitative, observational study that included 183 psoriasis patients. The study was conducted from November 2021 to December 2022 at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia. The following instruments were used: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), as well as a general questionnaire that contained a set of questions which referred to sociodemographic data. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the average values of the DLQI score concerning the application of different therapeutic modalities (P<0.001). Biologic treatment was the modality with the lowest impairments in the QoL domain (average value of DLQI score 10.6±7.3), followed by patients on conventional treatment (average value of DLQI score 12.9±7.9), and the highest levels of impaired QoL were in patients who received phototherapy (average value of the DLQI score 13.7±9.3). Conclusion: Patients on biological therapy at all four time points individually (baseline, 4, 12 and 16 weeks) had the lowest average values of the DLQI score, i.e. the best QoL compared to subjects who received other therapy.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32575 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32575/8036

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1935 1941 Qi Shen Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui,230001, China Dandan Liu Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei (Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Universi-ty), Hefei, Anhui, 230001,China Shaojun Liu Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001,China 2023 03 15 2023 08 27 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is recommended to locally advanced rectal cancer, especially for the lower and middle ones. However, the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectosigmoid junction cancer remains undetermined. We investigated whether patients with a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy will have a relatively better long-term survival compared with those with no response. Methods: Overall, 1325 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectosigmoid junction cancer from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) cancer registry database (2004-2014, America) were selected. All of them had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and were evaluated by Collaborative Stage Data Collection System. We performed Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis and Cox regression multivariate analysis models to estimate the potential prognostic factors of long-term survival outcomes. Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and histological type of tumor were the two prognostic factors. Results: The 5-year OS was 78.1% in responders, and 63.4% in nonresponders. In addition the 5-year DSS was 85.1% in responders, and 72.9% in nonresponders. Conclusion: Based on SEER database in locally advanced rectosigmoid junction cancer, patients with a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could have a benefit of long-term survival. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31480 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31480/8037

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1942 1951 Heeyoung Jung Department of Nursing, Busan Women’s College, Busan, Korea Yeon Hee Lee Department of Nursing, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea Jung-Ha Park Department of Nursing, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea 2023 07 18 2023 08 27 Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of a nonviolent and nonverbal communication and self-acceptance training program among Korean nursing students. Methods: We enrolled students in nursing departments at three universities in Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea. The students were randomly allocated to the experimental (n = 38) and control groups (n = 36); subsequently, they completed questionnaires before and after training. Data were collected on March 2023. The experimental group was enrolled in a program comprising 390 minutes of lecture, practice, role play, discussion, and reflection in 8-h daily sessions, with a total of eight sessions. The training sought to allow students to understand and practice nonviolent and nonverbal communication. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a paired t-test. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significant post-intervention improvement in the nonviolent communication scores (t = -2.442, P= 0.020); however, there were no significant between-group differences in the post-intervention nonverbal communication or self-acceptance scores. Conclusion: Customized communication training programs are required to address communication competencies among medical personnel, including nursing students. Moreover, it is crucial to set standards for communication competency. Specifically, from a long-term perspective, a continuous educational strategy is required to effectively improve the communication capabilities of nursing students in Korea. It is possible to develop training programs that can systematically improve communication competency among nursing students.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32592 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32592/8038

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1952 1961 Hatice Esen Department of R&D, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey Tugba Caliskan Sengöz Department of Family Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey 2022 09 27 2022 11 12 Background: We aimed to evaluate the quality indicators monitored within the scope of quality standards health. Methods: In this descriptive study, patients who visited the home health services unit in 2021, were included. Patient age and diagnostic data were obtained from the Basic Health Statistics Module. Other information such as the number of patient visits and nutritional status were obtained from the indicator data collection form followed by the quality management unit of our hospital and from the home health services unit. We included the data of Antalya Training and Research Hospital. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25.0 program were used in the analysis of the data, and the data obtained were shown as numbers and ratios (%). Results: When the quality indicators of home health services delivery were examined, the timely response rate of the application was 100%, the nutritional status of all patients was evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Score (NRS-2002) evaluation form at the first patient visit; the patients receiving health care from the home health unit of our hospital visited an average of three times in a year, and the health service from the home health unit was determined: the annual average rate of medical appointments kept with patients who receive medical care at the scheduled time is 83%. Conclusion: Quality indicators are being met well, and good-quality care services are being delivered in the home health service of the training and research hospitals. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29929 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29929/8039

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1962 1972 Changhai Pan The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China Hongjin Chen The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China Bolin Yang The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China 2023 01 31 2023 08 27 Background: We aimed to explor the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of licochalcone A (LCA) on colon cancer. Methods: This study was carried out in 2020-2021 in Nanjing Tongren Hospital, China. Colon cancer HCT116 cells were treated with different concentrations of LCA. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to analyze cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. Wound healing and transwell experiments were used to measure cell migration and invasion ability. The expression of ADAM9 and apoptosis-related proteins in different LCA treatment groups was detected by western blot. HCT116 cells were transfected with ADAM9 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or overexpression vectors. The database screened the upstream miRNA targeting ADAM9 and predicted the targeted binding site between miR-1270 and ADAM9, which was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Rescue experiments were performed to confirm the effects of the miR-1270/ADAM9 axis on cell proliferation and metastasis. Results: LCA decreased cell growth (P<0.05), migration (P<0.05), and invasion (P<0.05) of colon cancer cells and inhibited ADAM9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. LCA affected the functions of colon cancer cells by negatively regulating the expression of ADAM9. MiR-1270, increased by LCA, targeted and suppressed ADAM9 expression significantly (P<0.001). ADAM9 overexpression restrained miR-1270 mimic and LCA-induced changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in HCT116 cells significantly (P<0.01). LCA and miR-1270 mimic inactivated the Akt/NF-κB pathway, while ADAM9 overexpression rescued it. Conclusion: LCA exhibited antitumor efficacy in HCT116 cells by inhibiting the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway by regulating the miR-1270/ADAM9 axis.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31093 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31093/8040

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1973 1983 EN Mahmoud Zamandi Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rajabali Daroudi Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbari Sari Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 02 16 2022 05 19 Background: Hypertension is a common public health problem with potentially serious consequences. We aimed to explore the direct costs of hypertension treatment in Iran. Methods: Literature review and STEPS survey were used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of hypertension for Iranian males and females and the proportion of its treatment coverage in 2020. A standard national protocol for hypertension treatment was used to estimate the required medical services including visits, medications, and lab tests. The cost of each service and the total cost of the disease were identified using the national reference costs. Results: About 23.39 million people suffer from moderate systolic blood pressure (BP of 120 to 139 mm/Hg) and a further 14.6 million people had severe BP (≥140 mm/Hg). Nearby 39.8% of these patients, receive BP treatment. The direct costs of hypertension treatment were 19,006.08 billion IR Rials (USD 87.54 million), of which 16.60% and 83.40% of the costs were related to new and prior cases, respectively. The costs of patient visits, medications, and lab tests were 56%, 35.51%, and 8.49% of the total costs, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence and economic burden of hypertension are relatively high in Iran. Early detection and treatment of hypertension might have a significant effect on reducing its complications and costs.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27886 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27886/8041

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1984 1994 Nahid Ramezanghorbani Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Science Publication, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz Hajiabedin Rangraz 1. Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Science Publication, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2. Sport Science Faculty, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 2022 01 11 2022 06 29 Background: Sport Medicine maintains an active lifestyle and reduces or inhibits countless age-related changes in physical and physiological function by substituting sports methods for people. Improving the scientific situation in sports medicine over time will lead to progress in the field of prevention and reduction of mortality. This study aimed to analyze sports medicine research in the world in terms of scientometric indicators using the Scopus database. Methods: This is a bibilometric study. The study population consisted of all articles indexed in the Scopus citation database in the field of sports medicine, registered by researchers from 2011 to 2020. They used SciVal analytical tool as a bibliometric tool that allows the analysis of publications in various parameters, and VOSviewer and Excel software as drawing all citation maps. Results: The highest increase in scientific production of sports medicine was in 2015. Overall, 1,695 articles were published, which received an average of 13 citations per article. The highest rate of scientific production is related to the United States with 41%, followed by the United Kingdom with 16% and Australia with 9%, with a significant difference in the second and third which indicates the high quality and impact of this group of studies. The British Journal of Sports Medicine has contributed the most to the publication of highly cited articles. The most commonly used terms include "Head Impact", "Athletes", and "Sport Injury" Conclusion: Considering the importance of sports medicine in the prevention, control and treatment of many diseases, as well as the growth of the elderly population, it is necessary to develop research in this area. By identifying the features of highly cited articles in this field, a clear view of the top authors and publications and widely used topics was provided. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27453 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27453/8042

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 1995 2003 EN Habibollah Azarbakhsh Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Fatemeh Rezaei Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Seyed Sina Dehghani School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Jafar Hassanzadeh Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Parsa Dehghani School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Alireza Mirahmadizadeh Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2022 03 18 2022 07 31 Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most critical health problems and the ninth leading cause of death globally. We aimed to determine the Mortality rate and the number of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to road traffic accidents.  Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, mortality rate and YLL due to road traffic accidents were examined in Fars province, central Iran during the years 2004-2019. Mortality statistics were collected through death registration of ministry of health and medical education for Fars Province. Age Standardized mortality Rate (ASR) was calculated and join point regression analysis carried out to examine the trend of YLL rate. Data were analyzed using Excel spreadsheet version 2016 and Join point Regression Program 4.9.0.0. Results: During the 16-year study period, 25,858 deaths due to road traffic accidents occurred in the province. 79.2% (20483 cases) were in men, and 33.7% (8703 cases) were aged 15-29 years. Total YLL during the 16-year study period were 458,975 (14.6 per 1000 people) in men, 117,999 (3.8 per 1000 people) in women. According to the join point regression, the 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing: AAPC was -4.9% (95% CI: -8.8 to -0.9; P=0.018) for male, and -3.5% (95% CI: -6.3 to-0.5; P=0.011) for female. Conclusion: Considering that the number of deaths, mortality rate and YLL has decreased in Fars province during the 16 years under study. Therefore, because the mortality rate due to road traffic accidents in Iran is higher than the global average, the need for training programs for drivers, compliance with standards and retrofitting of vehicles, road safety, driving supervision and the use of seat belts are essential. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28185 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28185/8043

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 27 2004 2013 Saeid Latifi-Navid Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Esmat Abdi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Saber Zahri Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Behdad Mostafaiy Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Abbas Yazdanbod