Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 1 3 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh ZOKAEI Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran AND School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20534/6753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 4 11 Veljko TURANJANIN Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University in Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia Darko RADULOVIĆ Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2020 04 28 Coronavirus (COVID-19) is the newest dangerous contagious disease in the world, emerged at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020. World Health Organization at the daily level publishes numbers of infected patients as well as several dead people around the world and in every region particularly. However, public health and criminal law are inevitably linked. National criminal laws in Europe mainly prescribe criminal offences for transmitting a dangerous contagious disease. Numerous states have closed their borders, quarantining their nationals that entering in the state. Strangers cannot enter in European Union. However, many do not abide by the restrictions, and people who have become ill with coronavirus walking the streets and committing a criminal offence. The authors in the work, in the first place, explain the connection between public health and criminal law and then elaborate criminal jurisdictions in Europe.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20535 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20535/6754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 12 17 Quan ZHOU Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Sufang HUANG Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Yaru XIAO Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Miqi LI Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Zhiran GUO Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 2020 04 28 At present, new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is circulating worldwide. The pathogen of this coronavirus pneumonia is named SARS-CoV-2. The virus has a long incubation period and is highly contagious. There is currently no specific targeted drug treatment. The focus of anti-epidemic work should be more on prevention and control while cutting off the virus transmission route while treating infected patients, and protecting healthy people. In order to protect the safety and health of the Chinese citizens and to maintain the safety of world public health, the Chinese government and people have made unprecedented efforts to control the epidemic. Many people in the international community have joined in limiting the spread of COVID-19. This article combines the development of COVID-19 epidemic situation in Wuhan, the relevant prevention and control measures of the Wuhan government and local health authorities to share Wuhan’s experience on control the cluster epidemic and provide new suggestions and ideas for epidemic prevention and control.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20536 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20536/6755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 03 28 18 29 Amirhossein SHEIKHSHAHROKH Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Reza RANJBAR Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elnaz SAEIDI Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Farhad SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran Mohammad HEIAT Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Payam GHASEMI-DEHKORDI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Hamed GOODARZI Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 COVID-19 is considered as the third human coronavirus and has a high potential for transmission. Fast public health interventions through antibodies, anti-virals or novel vaccine strategies to control the virus and disease transmission have been extremely followed. SARS-CoV-2 shares about 79% genomic similarity with SARS-CoV and approximately 50% with MERS-CoV. Based on these similarities, prior knowledge in treating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can be used as the basis of majority of the alternatives for controlling SARS-CoV-2. Immunotherapy is an effective strategy for clinical treatment of infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. Passive antibody therapy, which decreases the virus replication and disease severity, is assessed as an effective therapeutic approach to control SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. The close similarity between SARS-CoV-2 genome with the SARS-CoV genome caused both coronaviruses to bind to the same angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that found in the human lung. There are several strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which the majority of them are based on those developed previously for SARS-CoV. The interaction between the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 on the host cell surface leads to the initiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. S protein, which is the main inducer of neutralizing antibodies, has been targeted by most of these strategies. Vaccines that induce an immune response against the S protein to inhibit its binding with the host ACE2 receptor, can be considered as effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we aimed to review frontier therapeutics and vaccination strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20537 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20537/6756

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 30 37 Mahsa TAHERIZADEH Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Alireza TABIBZADEH Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshid PANAHI Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh SAFARNEZHAD TAMESHKEL Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa GOLAHDOOZ Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi KARBALAIE NIYA Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 Since the 1970 the replication and pathogenesis mechanism of different coronaviruses have been studded.. In 2002-2003, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) in China emerged which resulted in 8098 cases and 774 deaths. About 10 years later in 2012, the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) spread in Middle Eastern countries and leads to infection in 2465 cases. In Dec 2019, another acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-2 emerged in Wuhan, China. The virus is assumed to be mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets. Travels and communications leads to high prevalence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in the world, and currently in Iran. The current review was conducted to compare the virus structure, genome organization, virus life cycle, pathogenesis and prediction the future of COVID-19. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20538 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20538/6757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 38 47 Mojdeh BANAEI Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida GHASEMI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Medicine, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran Marzieh SAEI GHARE NAZ Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra KIANI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh RASHIDI-FAKARI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sedigheh BANAEI Department of Radiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Behzad MOHAMMAD SOURI Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohsen ROKNI Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Buali Hospital of Laboratory, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2020 04 28 Background: Considering that the obstetricians and pediatricians need to comprehensive information about the obstetric and neonatal effect of COVID-19, this review study was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this systematic review the international search databases following PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Embase and Google scholar were searched. All articles were reviewed by two independent researchers until 10 April 2020. After quality assessment of included studies the finding reported in 2 sections obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Results: The sixteen studies with a sample size of 123 pregnant women with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 and their neonates were evaluated. The range of gestational age was 25-40 weeks. There was no death associated with COVID-19 in pregnant women. The obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 include decreased fetal movement, intrauterine fetal distress, anemia, PROM, preterm labor, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and etc. The most common delivery mode in women affect with COVID-19 was cesarean section. Expect for one case with MODS, in the majority of the studies reviewed, no severe morbidity or mortality occurred. The neonatal outcomes were stillbirth, prematurity, asphyxia, fetal distress, low birth weight, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation and neonatal death. In addition, five neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. However, the studies report these outcomes but the exact causes of theme are not known. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we summarize the diverse results of studies about the obstetrics and neonatal outcomes following COVID-19. This infection may cause negative outcomes in both mothers and neonates. However, there were evidence about neonate infected with COVID-19, but there is controversial information about the vertical transmission of COVID-19.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20539 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20539/6758

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 48 56 Julián Felipe PORRAS-VILLAMIL Infections and Tropical Health, School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Carrera, Bogotá D.C., Colombia Mario Javier OLIVERA National Institute of Health, Department of Parasitology, Avenida calle 26 No. 51-20 - Zona 6 CAN, Bogotá, D.C., Colom-bia Nadia Katherine RÍOS-CAMARGO School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogotá D.C, Colombia 2020 04 28 Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. It is essential to understand the epidemiological characteristics of the first few cases in each country. This study aimed to describe the geographical distribution, and temporal appearance of the first few hundred cases in Colombia. Methods: This observational study was conducted to review the literature and key documentary information from public health institutions, websites and news reports were examined. Results: The first few 100 cases for COVID-19 were confirmed in Colombia. According to sex, men with 54% predominate, the most affected age group was 20 to 29 yr old (26%), 9% of the cases required hospitalization and no deaths were reported. Most of the confirmed subjects were from the departments of Cundinamarca. To date, most cases are imported (63%), especially from Spain. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic puts in evidence the lack of understanding, prevention and contention power of the different countries around the world is not as good as it could be. Politics must not affect the different proposed measures.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20540 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20540/6759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 57 66 Ge CHEN Department of Clinical Engineering, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Jiarong XIE Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Guangli DAI Department of Clinical Engineering, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Peijun ZHENG Department of Nursing, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xiaqing HU Department of Emergency, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Hongpeng LU LU Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Lei XU Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xueqin CHEN Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xiaomin CHEN Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China 2020 04 28 Background: We aimed to compare the accuracy of individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures with their tympanic temperature under different circumstances. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in a real-life population in Ningbo First Hospital in China. We consecutively recorded individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures in Celsius (°C) using a noncontact infrared thermometer (NCIT). We also measured individuals’ tympanic temperature using a tympanic thermometer (IRTT) and defined fever as a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C. Results: We enrolled 528 participants, including 261 indoor and 267 outdoor participants. We grouped the outdoor participants into four groups according to their means of transportation to the hospital: by foot, by bicycle/electric vehicle, by car, or as a passenger in a car. Under different circumstances, the mean difference in the forehead measurement ranged from -1.72 to -0.56 °C across groups, and that in the wrist measurement ranged from -0.96 to -0.61°C. Both measurements had high fever screening abilities in indoor patients. (Wrist: AUC 0.790; 95% CI: 0.725-0.854, P<0.001; forehead: AUC 0.816; 95% CI: 0.757-0.876, P <0.001). The cut-off value of the wrist measurement for detecting a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C was 36.2 °C, with 86.4% sensitivity and 67.0% specificity, and the best threshold for the forehead measurement was 36.2 °C, with 93.2% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity. Conclusion: Wrist measurements are more stable than forehead measurements under different circumstances. Both measurements have favorable fever screening abilities in indoor patients. The cut-off values were both 36.2 °C.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20542 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20542/6760

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 67 75 Mehmet DOĞAN Department of Public Health, Health Services Vocational School, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey Muhammet BAYRAKTAR Family Medicine Unit, Kemerhisar First Family Health Center, Niğde, Turkey 2020 04 28 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 as seen worldwide from a public health perspective and evaluate the measures taken across Turkey against the virus and to determine the compliance of people with these measures. Methods: WHO's official COVID-19 cases were evaluated up to 27 Mar 2020. Public measures adopted by Turkey in combating the COVID-19 were examined. The compliance of those applying to Family Health Centers (FHC) with these measures was also evaluated. Results: Overall, 178 people who applied to the FHC were included in the study. Of the participants, 65.2% were women, and the average age was 56.47±17.27 (Min:18, Max:92). The most frequently used personal protection (96.1%) against the epidemic was liquid soap. According to the participants, avoiding patients (99.7%) and frequent hand washing (97.2%) were stated to as the most effective measures to protect against COVID-19. One of the first and most influential bodies in the fight against COVID-19 in Turkey is the Scientific Committee consisting of academicians. Turkey has taken measures such as closing land borders, stopping all flights, vacationing schools, closing places of worship, and stopping sports events. Conclusion: The COVID-19 has affected societies in many areas such as health, education, sports, and trade. Countries should take appropriate and timely measures to combat COVID-19. The public must comply with the precautions taken to fight COVID-19. Besides, all countries should take general precautions for public health against increasing epidemics.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20543 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20543/6761

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 76 81 Ke FENG Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningixa 750004, China Bin MEI Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China Zhongwei CHEN Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningixa 750004, China Xufeng FU Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China 2020 04 28 Background: Beginning in Dec 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, has caused an international outbreak of respiratory illness termed COVID-19. The workers in the FangCang hospital have to work for more than 8 h and the work is high strength. Furthermore, to protect health and prevent serious cross-infection, they need to wear isolation equipment when working in FangCang hospital. These characteristics increase the risk of cardiac arrest (CA), which seriously endangers the lives of workers. Methods: We participated in the rescue of the patient and workers at first-line in FangCang hospital, and summarized the rescue strategies for workers rescuing. Results: Workers with CA were rescued in time according our guideline and showed zero dead in FangCang hospital. Conclusion: This study establishes the strategy for the CA of workers including the establishment of an in-FangCang resuscitation team, the establishment of a dedicated rescue room, and the formulation of rescue measures and procedures for CA of workers in the FangCang hospital. Therefore, we aimed to provide a strategy for the rescue of workers with CA in the FangCang hospital and share the success in rescuing with the world.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20544 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20544/6762

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 82 86 Qingjie YI Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Quality Control Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Wei FANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Chunhui LANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Huaming MOU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Jinglong LV Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Suxin WAN Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Lian GUO Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Yilin WANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Quality Control Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Huawen LIU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Oncology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Qing XIAO Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Chunqiu LIU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Min HUANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of General Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Bangshuo ZHANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China 2020 04 28 Background: COVID-19(2019 novel coronavirus disease)has brought tremendous pressure to the prevention and control of the national epidemic due to its concealed onset, strong infectivity and fast transmission speed. Methods: In this retrospective study, 226 patients diagnosed with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in the Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital were included. The patients' clinical data, including general information, initial symptoms at the onset, time of disease diagnosis, time to treatment in hospital, time of nucleic acid conversion to negative, disease classification, total time of hospitalization were collected. The clinical data of the mild and severe patients were compared. Results: Fever, cough, sore throat, poor appetite andfatigue were the main symptoms of the diagnosed patients. The time of diagnosis was significantly shorter in the mild patients (4.96 ± 4.10 days) than severe patients (7.63 ± 9.17 days) (P=0.004). Mild patients had shorter time to treatment in hospital (6.09 ± 4.47 vs. 8.71 ± 9.04 days) and less time of nucleic acid conversion to negative (7.58 ± 2.51 vs. 11.6 ± 4.67 days) compared to the severe patients. Conclusion: The above results can be used as a quantitative basis for the “five-early"(early detection, early screening, early diagnosis, early isolation treatment, and early recovery) model. The government, the masses, and the hospitals' joint prevention and optimization of the "five-early" model will provide important scientific reference for further prevention and control of the epidemics.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20545 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20545/6763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 87 91 Yun ZHOU Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China Jing-Jing FANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China Shan-Shan WANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China 2020 04 28 Background: To explore the homogenized management method of infection prevention and control in medical resident under COVID-19 epidemic situation. Methods: Overall, 268 members in Ningbo Medical Group which was participating in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China were managed homogeneously in terms of personal cleaning and disinfection of articles, prevention and control of infection in life, training and assessment of relevant infection knowledge in hospitals. Results: In the epidemic situation, the homogenization management of infection prevention and control in the resident of medical team is an important measure to block the transmission link. Conclusion: 1. Conduct homogenization management on the training of hospital infection knowledge for medical staff. 2. Conduct homogeneous management of effective assessment of training knowledge. 3. Conduct homogenization management from personal cleaning and disinfection, as well as infection prevention and control in daily life.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20546 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20546/6764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 92 100 Leila MOFTAKHAR Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mozhgan SEIF Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Biostatistics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Marziyeh Sadat SAFE Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 2020 04 28 Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 is rapidly spreading around the world and became a pandemic disease. For help to better planning of interventions, this study was conducted to forecast the number of daily new infected cases with COVID-19 for next thirty days in Iran. Methods: The information of observed Iranian new cases from 19th Feb to 30th Mar 2020 was used to predict the number of patients until 29th Apr. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were applied for prediction. The data was prepared from daily reports of Iran Ministry of Health and open datasets provided by the JOHN Hopkins. To compare models, dataset was separated into train and test sets. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was the comparison criteria. Results: Both algorithms forecasted an exponential increase in number of newly infected patients. If the spreading pattern continues the same as before, the number of daily new cases would be 7872 and 9558 by 29th Apr, respectively by ANN and ARIMA. While Model comparison confirmed that ARIMA prediction was more accurate than ANN. Conclusion: COVID-19 is contagious disease, and has infected many people in Iran. Our results are an alarm for health policy planners and decision-makers, to make timely decisions, control the disease and provide the equipment needed.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20549 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20549/6765

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 101 108 Ling JIANG Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Rongcheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Rongcheng 264300,P.R.China Shao-Hua LIN Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Rongcheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Rongcheng 264300,P.R.China Jun-Jie LIN Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Rongcheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Rongcheng 264300,P.R.China 2020 04 28 We report a case of atypical clinical manifestation of pneumonia infected by 2019-novel coronavirus, which is helpful to improve the understanding of the clinical characteristics of pneumonia caused by the virus. At the same time, some suggestions on the discharge criteria and hierarchical management of admission of 2019-nCoV pneumonia are put forward. The results are constructive for effective prevention and control of 2019-nCoV pneumonia and optimizing patient process management in China.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20551 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20551/6766

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 109 111 Bijan PIRNIA Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran AND Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kambiz PIRNIA Technical Assistant in Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Tehran, Iran Parastoo MALEKANMEHR Department of Psychology, Branch of Tonekabon, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran Alireza ZAHIRODDIN Department of Psychiatry, Behavior Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since Mar 2020. Iran has been one of the first countries dealing with the outbreak of COVID-19 and severe measures have been adopted to limit viral transmission. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a syndrome of cyclic vomiting associated with cannabis use. Many of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to CHS. Here, we report a 26-year-old man with CHS, that the presented symptoms are similar to COVID-19 in many cases, and in our knowledge, it is the first in this type. Paying attention to the symptoms can help to differential diagnosis of the two diseases and reduce the burden of treatment during this critical period.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20553 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20553/6767

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 112 113 Julián Felipe PORRAS VILLAMIL Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia Mario Javier OLIVERA Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá DC, Colombia 2020 04 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20555 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20555/6768

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 114 116 Mehdi REZAEI Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Abbas Ali NOURI Department of Geomorphology, Geography Collage, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Gyun Seok PARK Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Doo Hwan KIM 01 Background: Organizational health literacy (OHL) plays a crucial role in improving patients’ understanding and engagement in hospital care. Despite its importance, little is known about the comprehensive dimensions of OHL from a managerial perspective. This study aimed to identify key dimensions that can influence OHL in hospital settings to enhance patient care. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to examine studies published from 2012-2024 regarding OHL in hospitals. Relevant studies were identified using a structured search strategy across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, 39 articles were selected after screening, and content analysis was performed using MAXQDA-10. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Results: The analysis identified six core dimensions of OHL: (i) leadership and management, (ii) policy and strategy formulation, (iii) human resources, (iv) organizational resources (including financial, physical, and informational), (v) processes, products, and services, and (vi) results. These dimensions were further categorized into 21 subcategories. Each dimension outlines essential components for improving hospital OHL, such as leadership support, staff training, communication strategies, and resource allocation. Additionally, the study highlights the role of technology, including electronic health literacy, in improving organizational performance. Conclusion: By addressing the key dimensions that influence organizational health literacy in hospitals, hospital administrators can enhance patient understanding of healthcare services, improve safety and satisfaction levels, and foster a culture of health literacy. The provided framework offers a valuable management approach for integrating OHL into hospital operations, potentially leading to more informed and health-literate patient communities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36769 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36769/8644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 9 2025 10 04 1954 1964 Pınar Hamurcu Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye 2024 03 04 2025 05 09 Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional status assessed by the diet quality index with physical activity, sleep, and quality of life among young adults. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional research utilized a sample of 700 university students enrolled in the 2021–2022 academic year at a private university's Faculty of Health Sciences in Istanbul, Türkiye. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with Information Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Form-Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-TR) and 24-Hour Food Consumption Record. The dietary quality of the participants assessed via Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Results: The study revealed inadequate diet quality among young adults, with a mean DQI-I score of 33.08±7.03. According to PSQI assessment, 85.3% of them had impoverished sleep quality, and according to IPAQ assessment, 23.3% of them were physically inactive. In comparing participants' characteristics with DQI-I, a positive correlation observed between age and both DQI-I-Total (P=0.017) and Variety sub-dimension (P=0.027). Furthermore, statistically significant differences identified between Moderation sub-dimension and economic situation (P=0.032), as well as between Variety sub-dimension and sleep duration (P=0.044). No statistically significant association found between diet quality and either sleep quality or physical activity levels (P>0.05). However, a significant relationship observed solely between Variety sub-dimension and social relationship sub-dimension of WHOQOL-BREF-TR (P=0.033). Conclusion: This study observed a significant correlation between dietary diversity and quality of life, whereas no significant correlation observed between diet quality and sleep quality, physical activity level, or quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34811 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34811/8651

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 9 2025 10 04 1965 1974 Mihael Djacic Special Psychiatric Hospital “Dr Slavoljub Bakalović”, Vrsac, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nebojsa Zdravkovic Department of Medical statistics and informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Vladislava Stojic Department of Medical statistics and informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Stefan Milojevic 1. Faculty of Business Economics, EDUCONS University, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Albert Darijan Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Stefani Lazin Synapse Center Vrsac, Vrsac, Serbia Ilija Glisic TIM-D MEDICAL Specialist Clinic, Leskovac, Serbia Milos Stepovic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tatjana Boskovic Matic Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2025 05 15 2025 08 10 Background: The importance of the role of nurse technicians lies in the fact that they are becoming the main providers of health care for psychiatric patients, in addition to providing them with appropriate care. We aimed to examine predictors of quality of life of nurse technicians caring for psychiatric patients. Methods: The sample consisted of 260 nurse technicians caring for psychiatric patients at the Special Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases "Dr Slavoljub Bakalović" in Vršac and the Special Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases in Kovin, Serbia. The following instruments were used in the study: a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic characteristics, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Self-Assessment Questionnaire – Short Version, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Fatigue Assessment Scale – FAS Serbian and the Zarit Stress Interview. Results: On the physical and mental aspects of the quality of life of medical technicians, the greatest negative impact is the physical aspect of fatigue (P=0.036) and anxiety (P=0.017), and the positive impact is the number of household members (P=0.001). On the environmental aspect of the quality of life, the greatest negative impact is the burden of caregivers (P=0.000). Conclusion: Due to unique working environment of care-giving medical nurses, the quality of life has become very considering aspect. Fatigue, stress, anxiety can have a cumulative effect of those individuals, and lead to the burnout syndrome.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39122 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39122/8652

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 9 2025 10 04 1975 1984 Zhen Su Sports and Military Training Department, Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, China Ziqiang Zhang Department of Fundamental Courses, Zhejiang Changzheng Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China Xiaolei Zhan Sports and Military Training Department, Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, China Xi Xiao Continuing Education College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China 2025 07 11 2025 09 30 Background: Short-video addiction is prevalent among adolescents and threatens their development. This study aimed to examine the relationships among physical exercise, self-control, subjective emptiness, and short-video addiction in adolescents and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 889 adolescents were recruited from 3 middle schools in Zhejiang Province, China. Data collection was conducted from April to June 2025 using a questionnaire. Results: The mean score of short-video addiction in adolescents was 3.01; physical exercise was negatively correlated with short-video addiction (r=−0.626, P<0.001); self-control (effect=−0.106, 95% CI [−0.175, −0.047]) and subjective emptiness (effect=−0.360, 95% CI [−0.492, −0.260]) mediated the relationship between physical exercise and short-video addiction; and the chain mediation model shaped by self-control and subjective emptiness had a statistically significant effect (effect=−0.064, 95% CI [−0.115, −0.025]). Conclusion: Physical exercise contributes to mitigating short-video addiction in adolescents by enhancing self-control and alleviating psychological emptiness. Relevant interventions should integrate physical activities to improve adolescents’ self-management abilities, satisfy their psychological needs, and lay a foundation for the prevention and treatment of this addictive behavior. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39859 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39859/8653

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 9 2025 10 04 1985 1995 Rukiye Sumeyye Bakici Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Türkiye Necati Emre Sahin Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Türkiye Seyma Toy Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Türkiye Zulal Oner Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Türkiye 2024 07 13 2025 06 01 2020 06 30 1355 1363 EN Abbas KAMALI Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Maryam MIRLOHI Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahmod ETEBARI Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Sohila SEPAHI Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2018 05 26 2018 07 07 Background: This study measured tetracycline residue in table eggs sampled from Isfahan markets in 2015 and assessed the toxic effects of heated egg yolk on hepatic cells Methods: Forty commercial and six locally produced eggs were randomly collected and tested for tetracycline resides using competitive ELISA with a mean recovery value of 65.22% and limit of detection (LOD) of 4 ng/g. For the seven most contaminated samples, albumen and yolk were examined individually and, despite the very low detected level in the yolk, the samples were subjected to boiling for 10 min. Finally, the DNA damaging properties of the raw or treated egg yolks on hepatic cells were investigated using the comet assay. Results: The residue levels ranged from <LOD to 9.77 ng/g with a mean value of 4.95 ng/g, which was far below the maximum residue level (MRL) of tetracycline in eggs (200 ng/g) established by the EFSA. The concentration of tetracycline residue in the albumin and yolk of the seven most contaminated samples was 4.75 ng/g and 6.83 ng/g, respectively, while boiling reduced it by 20%. Heat treatment induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Heating resulted in a marked increase in the comet length, % DNA in the tail, and tail moment parameters by 60%, 3000%, and 5000%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the low concentration of tetracycline residue in samples, heat treatment can create degenerative compounds from tetracycline that can cause DNA damage in an in vitro model. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13476 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13476/6862

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1364 1371 EN Sima SHAHROKHZADEH Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Azam SOLEIMANI Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Dor-Mohammad KORDI-TAMANDANI Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Mohammad Hossein SANGTARASH Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Omid NEJATI Department of Paramedics, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Mohsen TAHERI Genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2018 05 06 2018 09 24 Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) disease is the most common type of urinary tract anomalies in children. Genetic risk factors may be associated with the etiology of VUR.  The role of the Glutathione S‑transferases (GSTs) as multifunctional enzymes is cellular oxidative stress handling. This is the first study aimed at evaluating the relative risk of GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in VUR susceptibility in children and provides new important insights into the genetics of affected children. Methods: The study was done in 2013 in Sistan and Baluchestan University, eastern Iran. Genotyping of three GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes were determined using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in 216 reactions for 72 VUR children and 312 reactions for 104 healthy controls. Results: The presence of GSTT1 deletion was associated with high risk of VUR in children, whereas GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes did not show the same effect. Furthermore, the combination of GSTT1/GSTM1 and GSTT1/ GSTP1 genotypes showed a significant influence on lower risk of VUR in children. Conclusion: Deletion of GSTT1 functional gene is a genetic risk factor causing VUR in children. Interestingly, the combination of GSTM1 and GSTP1 null genotypes with GSTT1 has shown a protective role against risk of GSTT1 deletion. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13285 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13285/6863

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1372 1375 Mohammad Saeid EAEE-ZAVAREH Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza KARIMI-SARI Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran 2020 05 10 2020 05 21 N/A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20754 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20754/6864

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1376 1377 EN Jing QIAN Department of Obsterics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China Hong-Bo