Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 1 3 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh ZOKAEI Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran AND School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20534/6753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 4 11 Veljko TURANJANIN Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University in Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia Darko RADULOVIĆ Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2020 04 28 Coronavirus (COVID-19) is the newest dangerous contagious disease in the world, emerged at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020. World Health Organization at the daily level publishes numbers of infected patients as well as several dead people around the world and in every region particularly. However, public health and criminal law are inevitably linked. National criminal laws in Europe mainly prescribe criminal offences for transmitting a dangerous contagious disease. Numerous states have closed their borders, quarantining their nationals that entering in the state. Strangers cannot enter in European Union. However, many do not abide by the restrictions, and people who have become ill with coronavirus walking the streets and committing a criminal offence. The authors in the work, in the first place, explain the connection between public health and criminal law and then elaborate criminal jurisdictions in Europe.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20535 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20535/6754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 12 17 Quan ZHOU Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Sufang HUANG Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Yaru XIAO Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Miqi LI Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Zhiran GUO Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 2020 04 28 At present, new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is circulating worldwide. The pathogen of this coronavirus pneumonia is named SARS-CoV-2. The virus has a long incubation period and is highly contagious. There is currently no specific targeted drug treatment. The focus of anti-epidemic work should be more on prevention and control while cutting off the virus transmission route while treating infected patients, and protecting healthy people. In order to protect the safety and health of the Chinese citizens and to maintain the safety of world public health, the Chinese government and people have made unprecedented efforts to control the epidemic. Many people in the international community have joined in limiting the spread of COVID-19. This article combines the development of COVID-19 epidemic situation in Wuhan, the relevant prevention and control measures of the Wuhan government and local health authorities to share Wuhan’s experience on control the cluster epidemic and provide new suggestions and ideas for epidemic prevention and control.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20536 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20536/6755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 03 28 18 29 Amirhossein SHEIKHSHAHROKH Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Reza RANJBAR Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elnaz SAEIDI Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Farhad SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran Mohammad HEIAT Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Payam GHASEMI-DEHKORDI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Hamed GOODARZI Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 COVID-19 is considered as the third human coronavirus and has a high potential for transmission. Fast public health interventions through antibodies, anti-virals or novel vaccine strategies to control the virus and disease transmission have been extremely followed. SARS-CoV-2 shares about 79% genomic similarity with SARS-CoV and approximately 50% with MERS-CoV. Based on these similarities, prior knowledge in treating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can be used as the basis of majority of the alternatives for controlling SARS-CoV-2. Immunotherapy is an effective strategy for clinical treatment of infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. Passive antibody therapy, which decreases the virus replication and disease severity, is assessed as an effective therapeutic approach to control SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. The close similarity between SARS-CoV-2 genome with the SARS-CoV genome caused both coronaviruses to bind to the same angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that found in the human lung. There are several strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which the majority of them are based on those developed previously for SARS-CoV. The interaction between the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 on the host cell surface leads to the initiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. S protein, which is the main inducer of neutralizing antibodies, has been targeted by most of these strategies. Vaccines that induce an immune response against the S protein to inhibit its binding with the host ACE2 receptor, can be considered as effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we aimed to review frontier therapeutics and vaccination strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20537 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20537/6756

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 30 37 Mahsa TAHERIZADEH Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Alireza TABIBZADEH Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshid PANAHI Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh SAFARNEZHAD TAMESHKEL Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa GOLAHDOOZ Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi KARBALAIE NIYA Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 Since the 1970 the replication and pathogenesis mechanism of different coronaviruses have been studded.. In 2002-2003, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) in China emerged which resulted in 8098 cases and 774 deaths. About 10 years later in 2012, the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) spread in Middle Eastern countries and leads to infection in 2465 cases. In Dec 2019, another acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-2 emerged in Wuhan, China. The virus is assumed to be mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets. Travels and communications leads to high prevalence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in the world, and currently in Iran. The current review was conducted to compare the virus structure, genome organization, virus life cycle, pathogenesis and prediction the future of COVID-19. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20538 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20538/6757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 38 47 Mojdeh BANAEI Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida GHASEMI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Medicine, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran Marzieh SAEI GHARE NAZ Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra KIANI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh RASHIDI-FAKARI Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Be-heshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sedigheh BANAEI Department of Radiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Behzad MOHAMMAD SOURI Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohsen ROKNI Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Buali Hospital of Laboratory, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2020 04 28 Background: Considering that the obstetricians and pediatricians need to comprehensive information about the obstetric and neonatal effect of COVID-19, this review study was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this systematic review the international search databases following PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Embase and Google scholar were searched. All articles were reviewed by two independent researchers until 10 April 2020. After quality assessment of included studies the finding reported in 2 sections obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Results: The sixteen studies with a sample size of 123 pregnant women with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 and their neonates were evaluated. The range of gestational age was 25-40 weeks. There was no death associated with COVID-19 in pregnant women. The obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 include decreased fetal movement, intrauterine fetal distress, anemia, PROM, preterm labor, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and etc. The most common delivery mode in women affect with COVID-19 was cesarean section. Expect for one case with MODS, in the majority of the studies reviewed, no severe morbidity or mortality occurred. The neonatal outcomes were stillbirth, prematurity, asphyxia, fetal distress, low birth weight, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation and neonatal death. In addition, five neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. However, the studies report these outcomes but the exact causes of theme are not known. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we summarize the diverse results of studies about the obstetrics and neonatal outcomes following COVID-19. This infection may cause negative outcomes in both mothers and neonates. However, there were evidence about neonate infected with COVID-19, but there is controversial information about the vertical transmission of COVID-19.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20539 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20539/6758

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 48 56 Julián Felipe PORRAS-VILLAMIL Infections and Tropical Health, School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Carrera, Bogotá D.C., Colombia Mario Javier OLIVERA National Institute of Health, Department of Parasitology, Avenida calle 26 No. 51-20 - Zona 6 CAN, Bogotá, D.C., Colom-bia Nadia Katherine RÍOS-CAMARGO School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogotá D.C, Colombia 2020 04 28 Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. It is essential to understand the epidemiological characteristics of the first few cases in each country. This study aimed to describe the geographical distribution, and temporal appearance of the first few hundred cases in Colombia. Methods: This observational study was conducted to review the literature and key documentary information from public health institutions, websites and news reports were examined. Results: The first few 100 cases for COVID-19 were confirmed in Colombia. According to sex, men with 54% predominate, the most affected age group was 20 to 29 yr old (26%), 9% of the cases required hospitalization and no deaths were reported. Most of the confirmed subjects were from the departments of Cundinamarca. To date, most cases are imported (63%), especially from Spain. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic puts in evidence the lack of understanding, prevention and contention power of the different countries around the world is not as good as it could be. Politics must not affect the different proposed measures.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20540 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20540/6759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 57 66 Ge CHEN Department of Clinical Engineering, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Jiarong XIE Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Guangli DAI Department of Clinical Engineering, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Peijun ZHENG Department of Nursing, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xiaqing HU Department of Emergency, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Hongpeng LU LU Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Lei XU Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xueqin CHEN Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xiaomin CHEN Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China AND Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China 2020 04 28 Background: We aimed to compare the accuracy of individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures with their tympanic temperature under different circumstances. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in a real-life population in Ningbo First Hospital in China. We consecutively recorded individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures in Celsius (°C) using a noncontact infrared thermometer (NCIT). We also measured individuals’ tympanic temperature using a tympanic thermometer (IRTT) and defined fever as a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C. Results: We enrolled 528 participants, including 261 indoor and 267 outdoor participants. We grouped the outdoor participants into four groups according to their means of transportation to the hospital: by foot, by bicycle/electric vehicle, by car, or as a passenger in a car. Under different circumstances, the mean difference in the forehead measurement ranged from -1.72 to -0.56 °C across groups, and that in the wrist measurement ranged from -0.96 to -0.61°C. Both measurements had high fever screening abilities in indoor patients. (Wrist: AUC 0.790; 95% CI: 0.725-0.854, P<0.001; forehead: AUC 0.816; 95% CI: 0.757-0.876, P <0.001). The cut-off value of the wrist measurement for detecting a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C was 36.2 °C, with 86.4% sensitivity and 67.0% specificity, and the best threshold for the forehead measurement was 36.2 °C, with 93.2% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity. Conclusion: Wrist measurements are more stable than forehead measurements under different circumstances. Both measurements have favorable fever screening abilities in indoor patients. The cut-off values were both 36.2 °C.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20542 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20542/6760

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 67 75 Mehmet DOĞAN Department of Public Health, Health Services Vocational School, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey Muhammet BAYRAKTAR Family Medicine Unit, Kemerhisar First Family Health Center, Niğde, Turkey 2020 04 28 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 as seen worldwide from a public health perspective and evaluate the measures taken across Turkey against the virus and to determine the compliance of people with these measures. Methods: WHO's official COVID-19 cases were evaluated up to 27 Mar 2020. Public measures adopted by Turkey in combating the COVID-19 were examined. The compliance of those applying to Family Health Centers (FHC) with these measures was also evaluated. Results: Overall, 178 people who applied to the FHC were included in the study. Of the participants, 65.2% were women, and the average age was 56.47±17.27 (Min:18, Max:92). The most frequently used personal protection (96.1%) against the epidemic was liquid soap. According to the participants, avoiding patients (99.7%) and frequent hand washing (97.2%) were stated to as the most effective measures to protect against COVID-19. One of the first and most influential bodies in the fight against COVID-19 in Turkey is the Scientific Committee consisting of academicians. Turkey has taken measures such as closing land borders, stopping all flights, vacationing schools, closing places of worship, and stopping sports events. Conclusion: The COVID-19 has affected societies in many areas such as health, education, sports, and trade. Countries should take appropriate and timely measures to combat COVID-19. The public must comply with the precautions taken to fight COVID-19. Besides, all countries should take general precautions for public health against increasing epidemics.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20543 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20543/6761

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 76 81 Ke FENG Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningixa 750004, China Bin MEI Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China Zhongwei CHEN Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningixa 750004, China Xufeng FU Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China 2020 04 28 Background: Beginning in Dec 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, has caused an international outbreak of respiratory illness termed COVID-19. The workers in the FangCang hospital have to work for more than 8 h and the work is high strength. Furthermore, to protect health and prevent serious cross-infection, they need to wear isolation equipment when working in FangCang hospital. These characteristics increase the risk of cardiac arrest (CA), which seriously endangers the lives of workers. Methods: We participated in the rescue of the patient and workers at first-line in FangCang hospital, and summarized the rescue strategies for workers rescuing. Results: Workers with CA were rescued in time according our guideline and showed zero dead in FangCang hospital. Conclusion: This study establishes the strategy for the CA of workers including the establishment of an in-FangCang resuscitation team, the establishment of a dedicated rescue room, and the formulation of rescue measures and procedures for CA of workers in the FangCang hospital. Therefore, we aimed to provide a strategy for the rescue of workers with CA in the FangCang hospital and share the success in rescuing with the world.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20544 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20544/6762

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 82 86 Qingjie YI Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Quality Control Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Wei FANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Chunhui LANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Huaming MOU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Jinglong LV Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Suxin WAN Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Lian GUO Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Yilin WANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Quality Control Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Huawen LIU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Oncology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Qing XIAO Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Chunqiu LIU Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Min HUANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of General Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China Bangshuo ZHANG Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China AND Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China 2020 04 28 Background: COVID-19(2019 novel coronavirus disease)has brought tremendous pressure to the prevention and control of the national epidemic due to its concealed onset, strong infectivity and fast transmission speed. Methods: In this retrospective study, 226 patients diagnosed with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in the Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital were included. The patients' clinical data, including general information, initial symptoms at the onset, time of disease diagnosis, time to treatment in hospital, time of nucleic acid conversion to negative, disease classification, total time of hospitalization were collected. The clinical data of the mild and severe patients were compared. Results: Fever, cough, sore throat, poor appetite andfatigue were the main symptoms of the diagnosed patients. The time of diagnosis was significantly shorter in the mild patients (4.96 ± 4.10 days) than severe patients (7.63 ± 9.17 days) (P=0.004). Mild patients had shorter time to treatment in hospital (6.09 ± 4.47 vs. 8.71 ± 9.04 days) and less time of nucleic acid conversion to negative (7.58 ± 2.51 vs. 11.6 ± 4.67 days) compared to the severe patients. Conclusion: The above results can be used as a quantitative basis for the “five-early"(early detection, early screening, early diagnosis, early isolation treatment, and early recovery) model. The government, the masses, and the hospitals' joint prevention and optimization of the "five-early" model will provide important scientific reference for further prevention and control of the epidemics.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20545 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20545/6763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 87 91 Yun ZHOU Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China Jing-Jing FANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China Shan-Shan WANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, No. 247, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, 315020, China 2020 04 28 Background: To explore the homogenized management method of infection prevention and control in medical resident under COVID-19 epidemic situation. Methods: Overall, 268 members in Ningbo Medical Group which was participating in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China were managed homogeneously in terms of personal cleaning and disinfection of articles, prevention and control of infection in life, training and assessment of relevant infection knowledge in hospitals. Results: In the epidemic situation, the homogenization management of infection prevention and control in the resident of medical team is an important measure to block the transmission link. Conclusion: 1. Conduct homogenization management on the training of hospital infection knowledge for medical staff. 2. Conduct homogeneous management of effective assessment of training knowledge. 3. Conduct homogenization management from personal cleaning and disinfection, as well as infection prevention and control in daily life.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20546 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20546/6764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 92 100 Leila MOFTAKHAR Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mozhgan SEIF Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Biostatistics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Marziyeh Sadat SAFE Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 2020 04 28 Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 is rapidly spreading around the world and became a pandemic disease. For help to better planning of interventions, this study was conducted to forecast the number of daily new infected cases with COVID-19 for next thirty days in Iran. Methods: The information of observed Iranian new cases from 19th Feb to 30th Mar 2020 was used to predict the number of patients until 29th Apr. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were applied for prediction. The data was prepared from daily reports of Iran Ministry of Health and open datasets provided by the JOHN Hopkins. To compare models, dataset was separated into train and test sets. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was the comparison criteria. Results: Both algorithms forecasted an exponential increase in number of newly infected patients. If the spreading pattern continues the same as before, the number of daily new cases would be 7872 and 9558 by 29th Apr, respectively by ANN and ARIMA. While Model comparison confirmed that ARIMA prediction was more accurate than ANN. Conclusion: COVID-19 is contagious disease, and has infected many people in Iran. Our results are an alarm for health policy planners and decision-makers, to make timely decisions, control the disease and provide the equipment needed.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20549 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20549/6765

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 101 108 Ling JIANG Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Rongcheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Rongcheng 264300,P.R.China Shao-Hua LIN Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Rongcheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Rongcheng 264300,P.R.China Jun-Jie LIN Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Rongcheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Rongcheng 264300,P.R.China 2020 04 28 We report a case of atypical clinical manifestation of pneumonia infected by 2019-novel coronavirus, which is helpful to improve the understanding of the clinical characteristics of pneumonia caused by the virus. At the same time, some suggestions on the discharge criteria and hierarchical management of admission of 2019-nCoV pneumonia are put forward. The results are constructive for effective prevention and control of 2019-nCoV pneumonia and optimizing patient process management in China.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20551 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20551/6766

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 109 111 Bijan PIRNIA Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran AND Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kambiz PIRNIA Technical Assistant in Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Tehran, Iran Parastoo MALEKANMEHR Department of Psychology, Branch of Tonekabon, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran Alireza ZAHIRODDIN Department of Psychiatry, Behavior Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since Mar 2020. Iran has been one of the first countries dealing with the outbreak of COVID-19 and severe measures have been adopted to limit viral transmission. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a syndrome of cyclic vomiting associated with cannabis use. Many of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to CHS. Here, we report a 26-year-old man with CHS, that the presented symptoms are similar to COVID-19 in many cases, and in our knowledge, it is the first in this type. Paying attention to the symptoms can help to differential diagnosis of the two diseases and reduce the burden of treatment during this critical period.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20553 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20553/6767

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 112 113 Julián Felipe PORRAS VILLAMIL Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia Mario Javier OLIVERA Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá DC, Colombia 2020 04 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20555 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20555/6768

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 Supple 1 2020 04 28 114 116 Mehdi REZAEI Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Abbas Ali NOURI Department of Geomorphology, Geography Collage, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Gyun Seok PARK Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Doo Hwan KIM Arezoo BOZORGOMID Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mahdi MOHEBALI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hakim AZIZI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohammad ROKNI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 18 2019 11 11 Background: We aimed to detect Fasciola specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by nested-PCR assay on human stool and urine samples and compare the results with the respective ELISA diagnostic assay. Methods: Overall, 206 clinically suspected cases of fascioliasis were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from all the patients, and serum samples were isolated. ELISA assay, using Fasciola somatic antigen (SA), was carried out to detect anti Fasciola antibodies for the collected sera. DNA was randomly extracted from 25 stool and 10 urine samples of seropositive individuals and was evaluated by conventional PCR and nested PCR methods. The nested-PCR results were confirmed by sequencing the 430 bp region of ribosomal ITSI gene. Stool and urine samples from patients with different parasitic diseases and 25 stool samples from healthy individuals served as controls. Urine samples were collected from 10 healthy controls as well. Results: Fascioliasis was detected by ELISA in 24.8% of the individuals. Of these, 25 seropositive patients were randomly assigned to the study. Fasciola DNA was identified in the stool samples of 96% of seropositive patients by nested PCR but ova of Fasciola was detected by parasitology methods in only 20% of seropositive cases. Fasciola DNA was identified in 90% of the urine samples by nested PCR. No cross-reactions were observed with other parasites.         Conclusion: Detection of cfDNA in stool and urine samples has high accuracy and thus can be used for the diagnosis of Fasciola infection in human.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17799 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17799/6828

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1157 1163 EN Yaser ABDIPOUR Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooshang KHAZAN Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eznollah AZARGASHB Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza MAHMOUDI Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Ali FARAHNAK Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali ROSTAMI Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2018 01 18 2018 08 27 Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the major public health problems, especially in developing countries. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for these infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the medical centers of the coastal cities in Guilan Province, Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 1232 stool samples were collected during 2015-2017. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, and stool examination was performed using direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of IPs in our study was 17.8% (219/1232). The most common IP was Blastocystis sp. 154/1232 (12.59%), followed by Giardia lamblia 50/1232 (4.1%) and Entamoeba hartmani 45/1232 (3.7%). Out of the 219 positive patients, 82 (55.14%) and 137 (44.85%) were female and males, respectively. Regarding the socio-demographic variables, educational status (P=0.226), contact with domestic animals and soil (P=0.476), age years (P=0.78), Occupation (0.637) and Gender (P=0.417) were not significantly associated to IPIs. Conclusion: In the past, parasitic infections were more prevalent in different parts of Iran. However, today it has declined indicating a significant improvement in level of individual hygiene, and environmental standards.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12253 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12253/6829

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1164 1168 Xiaoheng XU Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China Wenxia MENG Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China Lu FENG Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China Wei GUO Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China 2019 08 03 2019 11 11 A mild clinical Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMC) phenotype with STAT1 transcription factor mutation has been identified in a Chinese family. It is a rare variant in STAT1 (NM_0073315.3c.1175T>C Met392Thr). Specifically, it is a heterozygous mutation. To date, the pathogenicity of this variant in STAT1 (NM_0073315.3c.1175T>C Met392Thr) for CMC has not been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Thus, this is the first report about STAT1 mutation found in CMC patients from Chinese ethnic group. This study also shows the mutation on the DNA-binding domain of STAT1 for the first time. The findings will broaden the spectrum of STAT1 mutations and facilitate genetic diagnosis by the oral medicine specialists.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17966 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17966/6830

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1169 1172 EN Li MA Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Shiyue ZOU The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Suying ZHANG The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Xin WANG The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu Lingyun HE The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Ying XI The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Min XIE The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Dongmei HE The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Xueqiong XU The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China 2020 03 04 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19948 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19948/6831

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1173 1175 Hyun-Suk AN Deoksan Elementary School, Gyeonggido, Korea Young-Ran KWEON Department of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea 2020 03 01 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19862 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19862/6832

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1176 1178 EN Sui Sien LEONG Department of Animal Sciences and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia Samuel LIHAN Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia Hwa Chuan CHIA Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia 2018 08 05 2018 09 12 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14358/6833

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1179 1181 Nurul Izzah IBRAHIM Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mohd Sharkawi AHMAD Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Zulfarina Siti MOHAMED Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sharifah Nurul Aqilah SAYED MOHD ZARIS Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Isa MOHAMED Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Norazlina MOHAMED Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sabarul Afian MOKHTAR Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Ahmad Nazrun SHUID Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AND Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia 2018 09 06 2018 09 24 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14652 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14652/6835

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1182 1183 EN Zahra HOSSEINZADEH MALEKI Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Kazem RASOOLZADEH TABATBAEI Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ali MASHHADI Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh MOHARRERI Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2018 05 11 2018 06 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13327 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13327/6836

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1184 1185 EN Lizaldo MAIA Family Health Strategy, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secreteriat, Fortaleza, Brazil Sharmênia NUTO 1. Family Health Master Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil 2. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil Maria SAINTRAIN Faculty of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil Ana Patrícia MORAIS Family Health Master Program, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil Fabricio SOUSA Faculty of Dentistry, Ceará Federal University (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil AND Faculty of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil Anya VIEIRA-MEYER Family Health Master Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil AND Faculty of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil 2018 08 20 2018 09 12 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14509 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14509/6837

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08