Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2177 2186 Yi LIANG Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, P.R. China Xianwei ZHAO Department of Digestive System, Shangdong Institute of Parasitical Disease, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jining, P.R. China Fanliang MENG Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, P.R. China 2019 12 02 Background: We aimed to explore the significance of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil ratio (N%) in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: A total of 104 patients with SAP (SAP group) and 101 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) (MAP group) admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China were enrolled. The PCT and CRP in serum were detected by a full-automatic biochemical analyzer, and N% in peripheral blood was measured by a hemocyte analyzer. Results: The peripheral blood PCT, CRP, and N% in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the MAP group (P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Ranson score, PCT, CRP, and N% were independent risk factors for SAP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of PCT, CRP, and N% in diagnosing SAP were 0.906, 0.840, and 0.834 respectively, while that of combined detection was 0.972. The AUC of PCT, CRP, and N% in diagnosing SAP death were 0.907, 0.900, and 0.894, respectively. Conclusions: Peripheral blood PCT, CRP, and N% contribute to the diagnosis and prognosis of SAP. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19066 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19066/6598

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2116 2123 Tianlu YIN Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Zhaojie LIU Department of Health Management, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Yanli XU Department of Epidemiology, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P.R. China 2019 12 02 At present, the increasing trend of medical disputes has become a serious problem in the work of medical institutions, and directly affects the social stability and orderly development of the institutions. We searched the literature on medical disputes and crisis management in China and Australia within PubMed (2010-2019), China Knowledge Network (CNKI, 2010-2019), and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (2010-2019). There are several drawbacks in the management of hospital medical disputes in China: 1) the knowledge of crisis is unilateral and not systematic; 2) there are too much stereotype thoughts in crisis management; 3) the crisis attribution is too simple; the crisis impact assessment is insufficient. It is worth learning from Australia’s system, including the legal system, relevant non-governmental organizations, and doctor-patient communication. In view of the malpractice existing in China's medical dispute management, Australia's legal system for handling disputes, doctor-patient communication and other aspects are worthy of our reference. In particular, the construction of third-party supervision and mediation institutions and the prevention of doctor-patient disputes should be optimized. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19058 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19058/6591

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2293 2295 Mario. I. ORTIZ Department of Medicine, Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico Beatriz MARTÍNEZ JIMÉNEZ General Hospital of the Secretary of Health Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico Ricardo RAMÍREZ-HERNÁNDEZ Dr. Daniel Mendez Hernández Hospital of Infectology, La Raza Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico María de Los Ángeles CASTELÁN-CAMPOS Dr. Juan N. Navarro Children's Psychiatric Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico Raquel CARIÑO-CORTÉS Department of Medicine, Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico Héctor A. PONCE-MONTER Department of Medicine, Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico 2019 12 02 Abstracts  Abstracts  Abstracts   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19085 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19085/6613

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2285 2292 Aliyar MIRZAPOUR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Alireza BADIRZADEH Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh ASHRAFMANSOURI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed BEHNIAFAR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam NOROUZI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hakim AZIZI Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mahmoodreza BEHRAVAN Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Javad SEYYED TABAEI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: The aims of the current study were to determined present status of CL in Shiraz City, identify the causative species of Leishmania and conduct phylogenetic evaluations in detected parasites Methods: This study was conducted on 70 individuals with suspected CL that referred to the major health centers of Shiraz (Valfajr), Fars province, Iran, from Sep 2016 to Jul 2017. DNA was extracted from cultured Leishmania promastigotes and PCR-RFLP were performed using ITS1-rDNA gene. Results: Overall, 39 male (55.70%) and 31 (44.30%) female were found to be positive microscopically. All of direct examined positive samples were confirmed to be positive for Leishmania spp. DNA. Based upon the PCR-RFLP patterns and phylogenetic analysis, 46 (65.72%), 17 (24.28%) and 7 (10%) isolates were clearly identified as L. major, L. tropica and C. fasciculata, respectively. Conclusion: The dominat detected species in Shiraz City was L. major and L. tropica, respectively. CL has high prevalence in Shiraz City; therefore, more studies on leishmaniasis in the natural vectors and also reservoirs infection in this region is exceedingly recommended. Skin leisons due to C. fasciculata, was described for the first time in Iran (Shiraz City). https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19084 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19084/6612

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2187 2195 Asim ANWAR Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Sajid ANWAR School of Business, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Australia Muhammad AYUB Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Faisal NAWAZ Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Shabir HYDER Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Noman KHAN Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Imran MALIK Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan 2019 12 02 Background: Climate change is an alarming challenge for humanity at large due to its mediating role in emergence and spread of infectious diseases like cholera and malaria. This study was conducted to examine the effect of climate change and some socio-economic factors on incidence of infectious diseases. Methods: We used country level panel data over the 1990-2017 period using panel ARDL-PMG technique on highly affected countries from climate change. Results: There is a long run co-integrating relationship among climate change, socio-economic factors and prevalence of infectious diseases. Climate change, as measured by the temperature, is contributing to the spread of infectious diseases. Conclusion: This is the first study giving evidence of the impact of climate change on incidence of infectious diseases as can be seen from highly vulnerable countries to climate change. It is recommended to improve the level of education along with public health and town planning to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19067 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19067/6599

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2124 2132 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh ZOKAEI School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KEYKHAEI School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan ZARIF YEGANEH Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: In-vitro fertilization (IVF) has been very popular since the birth of the first “test-tube” baby. This method is the last hope and the most serious solution for couples with infertility problems. Although childbearing is a concern of many couples, it must always be noted that any method can also have disadvantages. Thus, many studies have been done on the problems encountered by this method. Methods: We searched for relevant articles in Pub Med, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases, and studied more than 70 papers. Keywords used included ovarian cancer, in vitro fertilization, gonadotropin hormone, clomiphene citrate, and infertility. Results: Due to the large number of studies, high doses of the ovulation-stimulating drugs and their repeated use in this method can increase the risk of the ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS), and ovarian cysts, which can lead to ovarian cancer. Also, an increase in the risk of developing ovarian cancer can be due to the increased duration of treatment for up to 12 months and the high doses of medications that are followed by defecation and failure of this treatment. Conclusion: Due to the increase in the rates of infertility treatments and the incidence of gynecological cancers, especially ovarian cancer, this method need to be used with caution. IVF clients and candidates should be informed about potential future risks. People should be evaluated genetically for their history of ovarian cancer and be more aware of the importance of “Personalized medicine”.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19059 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19059/6593

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2296 2298 Jihyon PAHN Graduate School of Nursing, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Youngran YANG School of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea 2019 12 02 Abstracts Abstracts  Abstracts https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19088 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19088/6615

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2196 2204 Yizhuo LU Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China Lianghui LI Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China Guoyang WU Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China Huiqin ZHUO Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China Guoyan LIU Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China Jianchun CAI Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China AND Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China 2019 12 02 Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on PRAS40Thr246 phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. Methods: The study was conducted from April 2017 to January 2018 in Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. Gastric cancer cells were divided into three groups: gastric cancer cell group, LY294002 group and MK-2206 group. Specific tests were conducted accordingly.   Results: Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation and PRAS40Thr246 phosphorylation could inhibit proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and PRAS40Thr246 phosphorylation could activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: The levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway related proteins and p-PRAS40Thr246 were significantly increased in gastric cancer cells. p-PRAS40-Thr246 was able to reflect the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, reflecting the sensitivity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibitors. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19068 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19068/6600

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2133 2139 Elham NAVIPOUR Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Mahbobeh NEAMATSHAHI Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center Social Determinants Health, Sabzevar University of Medi-cal Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Zahra BARABADI Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Mohammad NEAMATSHAHI Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Aghilallah KEYKHOSRAVI Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive decline in mental abilities and quality of life alongside behavioral abnormalities associated with high economic burden. The purpose of this study was to investigate epidemiology and risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease in Iran. Methods: In this systematic review study, both Persian and English-language databases including Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, web of science and Magiran were searched using following keywords: epidemiology, Alzheimer, dementia and Iran without time limit up to 2017. Thirty articles abstract out of 50 studies related to this topics, were reviewed. Of which 12 full text entered into the quality assessment process and finally, four articles were selected for inclusion in this study and their results was extracted. Results: The total sample size of the 4 selected studies was 2781. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the current study was estimated to be 2.3% in the population of 67-78 years old. Age, genetics, depression and hypertension were determined as the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, while daily listening to music, meeting weekly with friends and daily intake of vitamin E were considered as the factors with protective role in this disease. Conclusion: Alzheimer's disease is one of the main causes of functional dependence and mortality in the elderly people. Lifestyle changes and multiple mental activities in elderly increases the cognitive ability of these population, which will reduce direct and indirect costs of this disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19060 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19060/6594

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2299 2300 Rajko MILASINOVIC Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro Aleksandar CVOROVIC Belgrade Football Academy, Belgrade, Serbia Filip KUKIC Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia 2019 12 02 Abstracts  Abstracts Abstracts  Abstracts https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19089 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19089/6616

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2205 2209 Arwan ARWAN Postgraduate Program Students, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia & Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia Agustang AGUSTANG Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Arlin ARLIN Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Pejuang Republic Indonesia Ma-kassar, Makassar, Indonesia Ahmad YANI Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Palu, Indonesia Dodi MAY PUTRA Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia 2019 12 02 Background: The discourse of HIV and AIDS determinants is dominated and developed by international institutions through WHO, UNICEF, and donor institutions. We aimed to look at the discourse in the HIV and AIDS prevention discourse by the elite. This research was conducted in 2019 in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: We used qualitative research aiming to obtain a full picture of a matter according to the human perspective studied. Results: There was a pressure from various groups so that all people who have the potential to increase the HIV and AIDS trends must be dealt with explicitly, even religious leaders urged to immediately close down the main source of the disease, namely prostitution, LGBT activities that are considered very contrary to culture and any religion. Conclusion: The discourse in the HIV and AIDS prevention discourse in Palu city has not yet occurred in the discourse synergy developed by the elite, even the program policies are domination and hegemony. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19070 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19070/6601

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2140 2153 Faranak FIROOZFAR Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Abedin SAGHAFIPOUR Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Nahid JESRI Remote Sensing & GIS Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: The scorpions have enjoyed medical importance from ancient times because of their morphological structure and venom. The identification of the species of these arthropods has been more emphasized than any other aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine scorpion’s fauna and mortality rates of their victims as reported in Iran. Methods: In this review, published documents during 1966–2018 related to medically important scorpions and mortality reports due to scorpionism were searched in the data bases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and etc., using key words including scorpion, species, classification, Iran, family, species, and the names of all 31 provinces of Iran. Results: Overall, 169 sources were found. Based on the STROBE checklist, the quality of the documents was also considered, and ultimately, 95 sources were selected. Sixty-four species of scorpions have been identified in Iran and 86% of the species belong to the Buthidae family, and the rest (9.5%, 4.5%) belong to the Hemiscorpiidae and Scorpionidae families, respectively. These species live mostly in tropical regions of Iran. The dangerous scorpions and their mortality reports are often recorded from southern regions such as Khuzestan and Hormozgan provinces. Conclusion: Due to the significant increase in the abundance of scorpions in Iran over the past 30 years, it is expected that this trend will continue by researchers, and the fauna of scorpions is regularly reconsidered. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19061 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19061/6595

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2301 2303 Horia MOCANU Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania Ionica ONCIOIU Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania 2019 12 02 Abstracts  Abstracts  Abstracts   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19090 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19090/6617

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2210 2215 Luo YA School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China Yu JIE School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China Yang MENGXUE Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China Wang PAN Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China Yang CHANGWEI Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China Xu JIE School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China 2019 12 02 Background: To identify serum nonylphenol (NP) and glucolipid metabolism-related proteins in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods: We performed a hospital-based, case-control study in patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China from Mar to Nov of 2014. The study included 112 T2D cases diagnosed in accordance with the 2013 WHO Expert Committee Diabetes Diagnosing Criteria, and 125 healthy individuals with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) when receiving physical examination in the same period in the Municipal Physical Examination Center. Blood samples from subjects in the 2 groups underwent detection of biochemical indices, including FBG, blood fat, and NP. Glucolipid metabolism-related proteins, including estrogen receptor (ER), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR­-γ). These indices were compared between the 2 groups to analyze the correlation between serum NP levels and glucolipid metabolic proteins. Results: The subjects in the diabetes group had higher triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), NP, ER, SREBP-1c, Wnt5a, FBG, and TG levels than the healthy group, but lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and PPAR­-γ than the healthy group. No significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were found between the two groups. The serum NP levels were shown to be positively correlated with SREBP-1c but negatively correlated with PPAR­-γ. Conclusion: The serum NP levels of T2D patients is higher than the levels in healthy controls, and its levels correlate with SREBP-1c and PPAR­-γ levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19072 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19072/6602

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2154 2164 Mojtaba ZIAEE Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Reza HAJIZADEH Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Arash KHORRAMI Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Nariman SEPEHRVAND Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB., Canada Saeideh MOMTAZ Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Samad GHAFFARI Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2019 12 02 Opiates are the second most prevalent abused illicit sub­stance after cannabis in the world. The latest United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report estimated 30% increment in opium cultivation worldwide. High prevalence of opium consumption in eastern countries may be due to the high availability and traditional misconceptions. Opium consumption has been linked to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery diseases (CAD). In this review, we will review the association between opium use, cardiovascular diseases, and clinical outcomes. The present evidence suggests that chronic opiate consumption may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and related mortality. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19063 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19063/6596

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2304 2305 Zorica J. TERZIC-SUPIC Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Marina B. FISEKOVIC-KREMIC Primary Health Center New Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Jovana TODOROVIC Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Milena M. SANTRIC-MILICEVIC Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Dejan M. NESIC Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Goran Z. TRAJKOVIC Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2019 12 02 Abstracts  Abstracts  Abstracts   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19091 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19091/6618

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2216 2223 Dariga SMAILOVA Department of Innovations in Science, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Erlan OSPANOV Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Meruert GAZALIYEVA Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology, and Microbiology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan Dilyara KAIDAROVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Oxana SHATKOVSKAYA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Zhanar ZAMANBEKOVA Department of Endocrinology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Kuralay AMRENOVA Department of Personalized Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Tatyana BELIKHINA Semey Regional Oncology Center, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Tasbolat ADYLKHANOV Department of Oncology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Ardak OMARBEKOV Department of Surgical Diseases №2, Astana Medical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan Marzhan DAULETYAROVA Research Office, Astana Medical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan Lyudmila PIVINA Department of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan Yuliya SEMENOVA Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan 2019 12 02 Background: The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in most native Asian populations remain low although a gradual increase is observed over the last years. Methods: The statistical analysis of official data on prostate cancer mortality and morbidity was performed for the whole country and for Pavlodar Region. Results: The increase in the incidence of prostate cancer among the population of Kazakhstan is observed, which may be attributed to the introduction of screening program based on serum PSA. Still, the crude incidence rates in Kazakhstan are below world indices. Over the last few years, the decreasing prostate cancer mortality is observed that might be influenced by early diagnosis. The age-standardized incidence rates show that the majority of prostate cancer cases occur in advanced ages (70 years and older). Conclusion: More research is needed to determine the risk factors for prostate cancer, as well as ethnic and geographical trends for the population of Kazakhstan. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19073 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19073/6603

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2165 2176 Abbas SHAPOURI MOGHADDAM Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Maryam ARFAATABAR Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran Jalil TAVAKOL AFSHARI Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali SHAKERIMOGHADDAM Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran AND Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Zahra MOHAMMADZAMANI Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran AND Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Azad KHALEDI Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran AND Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major complication in patients who receive the kidney transplant. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial uropathogens isolated from Iranian kidney transplant recipients. Methods: We searched according to Prisma protocol for UTI infection, prevalence, occurrence and distribution of bacteria and their pattern of antibiotic resistance among Iranian patients who receive kidney transplant through online electronic databases with MeSh terms and text words in published references in both Persian and English languages during 1990-2017. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) by Cochrane Q and I2 Random Effects Model. Results: Eleven studies met the eligible inclusion criteria. The prevalence of UTI among kidney transplant patients varied from 11.7% to 67.5%. The combined prevalence of UTI was 32.6%. Among Gram-negative pathogens causing UTI, E. coli was the most dominant followed by Klebsiella pneumonia with prevalence 41.3% and 11.9%, respectively. Also, amongst Gram-positive bacteria, the highest prevalence belonged to Enterococcus spp. (9.8%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (9.4%). Also in Gram-negative pathogens, the most resistance was to ampicillin (91.2%), followed by ceftazidime (89.5%).  The minimum resistance was against imipenem with prevalence 14.3%. Conclusion: The combined prevalence of UTI was 32.6%. Gram-negative pathogens especially E. coli were the most agents of UTI in Iranian patients who receive kidney transplant. Also, in gram-negative pathogens, the most resistance was to ampicillin that it needs a new strategy for prophylaxis and treatment of UTI after the kidney transplant. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19064 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19064/6597

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2306 2307 Sang Soo KIM Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daugu, South Korea Woo Yeul BAEK Department of Sport Management, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea Sung Bum JU Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2019 12 02 Abstracts Abstracts  Abstracts  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19092 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19092/6619

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2224 2231 Muhammad SAQLAIN Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Zainab AKHTAR Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Raheela KARAMAT Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Samra MUNAWAR Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Maria IQBAL Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Muhammad FIAZ Department of Pathology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan Muhammad Mubeen ZAFAR Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Sadia SAEED Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Muhammad Farooq NASIR Department of Entomology, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan S.M. Saqlan NAQVI Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Ghazala Kaukab RAJA Department of Biochemistry, PMAS–Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2019 12 02 Background: A number of anthropometric indices have been used in different world populations as markers to estimate obesity and its related health risks. The present study is large population based study dealing with five anthropometric obesity scales; Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), basal adiposity index (BAI), and Visceral adiposity index (VAI) to identify common adiposity trait(s) that best predict obesity and associated health complication(s). Methods: A total of 4000 subjects including 1000 in each category of BMI from four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Kahyber pakhtoonkha and Balochistan) of Pakistan from 2012-2017 were collected. Complete anthropometric measurementswere obtained and blood samples were collected and Biochemical profiling was performed. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, binary and multiple regression analysis was done. Results: Our data analysis explored the relationships of obesity five indices; BMI, WC, WHR, BAI, and VAI with common metabolic health complications. Effect size analysis clearly indicates that a unit increase in BMI significant raised all anthropometric and clinical parameters. General and sex specific association analysis of adiposity traits with risk phenotypes (hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia) indicated significant associations of WC with all three metabolic risks. Varying degrees of correlations of other adiposity traits with metabolic risks were observed. Frequency of different obesity classes among obese population group were as follows; 55.7% class I, 28.50% Class II and 15.80% Class III. Conclusion: WC is the strong predictor of obesity associated metabolic health issues in Pakistani populations. While BMI has significant increasing effect on other obesity indices like WHR, VAI and BAI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19074 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19074/6604

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2308 2310 Jie SONG Department of Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China Ruihong LAN Department of Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China Humin GONG Department of Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China Linmei ZHENG Department of Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China Yang YANG Department of Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China Dahua YI Department of Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China Enze HU Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, P.R. China 2019 12 02 Abstracts Abstracts Abstracts https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19093 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19093/6620

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2232 2239 Mehmet Fatih AYDIN Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey, Karaman, Turkey Emre ADIGÜZEL Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey, Karaman, Turkey 2019 12 02 Background: We aimed to investigate the cystic echinococcosis (CE) epidemiology in Karaman Province from 2010 to 2017 using data from the provincial state hospital. Methods: Overall, 482 cases were determined from Karaman State Hospital, Karaman Province, Turkey from 2010 to 2017. Records were investigated in terms of year, gender, age, cyst location, rural and urban households and duration of hospital stay. Results: The CE incidence was 22.40 per 100 000 people after final diagnosis with focused abdominal ultrasound. Totally, 482 people including 166 (34.4%) male and 316 (65.6%) female were with CE. The mean age of patients was 50.3±17.48 yr. More CE cases were reported in the age group of 51-60 yr than in the other age groups. CE was mostly seen in liver (470, 97.5%). Moreover, 28.4% of patients were resided in rural areas. The observed frequencies of demographic features of female gender, infected liver, residence in provincial centers, referral to general surgery policlinic and no hospitalization were significantly higher than expected frequencies (P<0.05). Sixty (12.4%) patients with CE had been hospitalized. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between age of hospitalized patients and duration of hospitalization (P<0.05). Of the patients 73.2% were admitted to general surgery. Conclusion: CE is of great importance to public health considerations in the Karaman Province and we advocate the implementation of eradication programs to decrease the CE cases number. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19075 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19075/6605

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2311 2312 Jaroslav STANCIAK Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Monika MACKINOVA Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2019 12 02 Abstracts  Abstracts  Abstracts   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19094 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19094/6621

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2240 2248 Azad SHOKRI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ali AKBARI-SARI Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahboubeh BAYAT Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran   AND Center for Health Human Resources Research & Studies, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran  Mahmoud KHODADOST Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas RAHIMI FOROUSHANI Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elmira MIRBAHAEDDIN Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Fereshteh FARZIANPOUR Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: Accurate estimation of active general practitioners (GPs) is a concern for health authorities to estimate requirements. This study aimed to accurately estimate GPs active supply in Iran using three sources capture-recapture (CRC) method. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data during 2015-2016, targeting all GPs registered in three independent data sources; a national survey from all hospitals, database of human resource management office at health ministry and physicians' offices databank. Variables including medical council codes, GP names, surnames and national ID codes were used for data linkage among the three sources. Three sources CRC method was applied using log-linear models to estimate the total number of active GPs in STATA software. Results: Overall, 27,048 GPs were identified after removing the duplicate records. Based on CRC three sources data, the total number of GPs were 53,630 in 2015-2016. Distribution of GPs per 1,000 population among the provinces indicates that provinces of Kohgiluyeh & Boyer Ahmad, Mazandaran, Golestan and Yazd with ratios of 1.28, 1.28, 1.21 and 1.17 physicians rank the highest proportion of GPs and the provinces of Sistan & Baluchestan, Ilam, Zanjan, Alborz, North Khorasan with corresponding ratios of 0.24, 0.40, 0.40, 0.43 and 0.45 GPs ranked the lowest. Conclusion: CRC method is known to be the best and rapidest method to estimate active GP due to its compatibility for the current situation of databanks in Iran. Therefore, this method is a good application in human resource distribution and planning. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19076 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19076/6606

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2313 2314 Mohammad Hossein PANAHI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Reza MAHDAVI HEZAVEH Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Tahereh SAMAVAT Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Alieh HODJATZADEH Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Elham YOUSEFI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Abstracts Abstracts Abstracts Abstracts https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19095 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19095/6622

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2249 2259 Behnaz ALAFCHI Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Leili TAPAK Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Omid HAMIDI Department of Science, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran Jalal POOROLAJAL Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hossein MAHJUB Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: Breast cancer is the first non-cutaneous malignancy in women and the second cause of death due to cancer all over the world. There are situations where researchers are interested in dynamic prediction of survival of patients where traditional models might fail to achieve this goal. We aimed to use a dynamic prediction model in analyzing survival of breast cancer patients. Methods:  We used a data set originates from a retrospective cohort (registry-based) study conducted in 2014 in Tehran, Iran, information of 550 patients were available analyzed. A method of landmarking was utilized for dynamic prediction of survival of the patients. The criteria of time-dependent area under the curve and prediction error curve were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: An index of risk score (prognostic index) was calculated according to the available covariates based on Cox proportional hazards. Therefore, hazard of dying for a high-risk patient with breast cancer within the next five years was 2.69 to 3.04 times of that for a low-risk patient. The value of the dynamic C-index was 0.89 using prognostic index as covariate. Conclusion: Generally, the landmark model showed promising performance in predicting survival or probability of dying for breast cancer patients in this study in a predefined window. Therefore, this model can be used in other studies as a useful model for investigating the survival of breast cancer patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19078 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19078/6607

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2315 2317 Alireza KHAMMAR Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Seyednouredin HOSSEINIGHOSHEH Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran Anna ABDOLSHAHI Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mirmohammad HOSSEINI AHAGH Department of Public Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran Mohsen POURSADEQIYAN Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Abstracts Abstracts Abstracts https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19096 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19096/6623

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2260 2269 Mahsa GHAJARZADEH Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas RAHIMI FOROUSHANI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza SHEIKHREZAEI Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooshang SABERI Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: The goal of this study was to determine hazard rate of death rate and the causes of death in Iranian patients with Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Methods: Overall, 1024 patients with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury referred to Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from Jan 2013-2017 were enrolled. Epidemiological and neurological data, along with secondary complications were recorded for all participants. In the case of death, the cause, and the date of death were recorded. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis. A log-rank test was carried out to compare survival due to different risk factors. Risk factors and relative risk estimates associated with death were assessed by means of a Cox regression model. Results: Nineteen percent were lost to follow up. During the follow-up period, 22 out of 830 remaining cases (2.6%) died. Deaths were only observed in patients with cervical injuries (59% in C1-C4 level and 41% in C5-C7 level). Kaplan–Meier Log-rank test showed that probability of survival was significantly less in females, complete injury cases, patients with cervical spine injury, depression, and ADR (Autonomic dysreflexia). Controlling for age, sex and education level, Cox regression model showed that hazard rate of death was significantly affected by the categorical variables such as level of injury (HR=0.2, 95% CI=0.12-0.39), severe ADR. Conclusion: Probability of survival is lower in female individuals, cases with complete injuries, patients with cervical spine injury, individuals wi-th depression (BDI>10), and clients who experience ADR. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19081 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19081/6609

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2270 2276 Yasaman JAMSHIDI Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza POURMAND Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra PAKBAZ Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirhossein POURMAND Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas RAHIMI FOROUSHANI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali SAHRAIAN MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: Asymptomatic nasal colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is common in Multiple Sclerosis patients. SCCmec types I to III are mainly attributed to HA-MRSA strains whereas SCCmec types IV and V have commonly been reported in CA-MRSA infections. Here, we assessed the frequency of nasal carriage of MRSA in MS patients. This study aimed to evaluate MRSA SCCmec typing in MS nasal carriage. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from Feb and Jun 2017 in MS Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran. Overall, 620 nasal swabs were collected (325 from MS patients and 295 from control group). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion and E-test method. Presence of mecA gene was confirmed by PCR assay and multiplex PCR was performed for SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates. Results: The frequency of MRSA among the MS patients and control group was almost equal (9.2% and 10.1%, respectively). SCCmec typing detected only types III, IV and V in both groups and type IV was the most predominant type in MS patients and control group. SCCmec type III was more prevalent in control group than MS patients (40% vs. 20%). Moreover, the frequency of SCCmec type V in MS patients was significantly higher than control group (36.7% vs. 3.3%). Conclusion: Although most MRSA isolates were collected from inpatients, interestingly there is a high frequency of SCCmec types IV and V in MS group. Moreover, MRSA isolates were not resistant to more antibiotics in SCCmec type III than types IV-V. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19082 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19082/6610

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 12 2019 12 02 2277 2284 Elahe FALLAHTAFTI Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Meisam NASEHI Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran Roya RASULI Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Taghi POUREBRAHIM Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Hassan ZAREEEIMAHMOODABADI Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 2019 12 02 Background: Sex is one of the major social classes in any society. Gender identity as the most fundamental element of human life from beginning to end. While most people with behavior and attitudes appropriate to their physiological gender, but among them are also those sexual behaviors with their physical sex does not match, that say to this group transsexual people. The aim of this study was to investigate happiness and mental health in transsexual individuals before surgery and after surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study, consisted of 42 patients before surgery and after surgery inside Iran in 2016-2017. Snowball sampling method was selected. The instrument was Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Symptom Check List (SCL25). Data were analyzed using SPSS, t-test independent groups and one-way ANOVA. Results: There was significant difference between transsexual individuals before surgery and after surgery in mean score of happiness (P<0.01) (t=-4/84). Moreover, there was significant difference between the two groups in mean score of mental health (P<0.01) (f=19/13). Conclusion: Transsexual individuals after surgery experienced more happiness and mental health than those before surgery. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19083 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19083/6611