Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1439 1444 Caren Serra BAVARESCO Discipline of Dentistry and Society, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil Silvana BRAGANÇA Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Francine de Paula FRIES School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil Giordano Santana SÓRIA Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil Flávio Renato Reis DE MOURA Discipline of Dentistry and Society, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil Elken Gomes RIVALDO Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil Otávio Pereira D´ÁVILA Discipline of Epidemiology, Department of Collective Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Canoas, RS, Brazil Roberto Nunes UMPIERRE Discipline of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Erno HARZHEIM Municipal Health Department, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Jonas Almeida RODRIGUES Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2019 07 18 Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the level of satisfaction of dentists working in primary healthcare (PHC) with a Distance learning (DL) course in pediatric dentistry offered by the TeleHealthRS center, and to the investigate possible associations between the variables indicative of their satisfaction and their performance on the questionnaires applied before and after the course. Methods: The course was offered in 2015 by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) together with the TeleHealthRS center in Brazil. Data were collected on the participants’ personal and professional profile, their pre- and post-course knowledge about pediatric dentistry, and their satisfaction with the course. Student's t-test and the ANOVA test were used to assess the possible associations between the variables indicative of their satisfaction and their performance on the questionnaires applied before and after the course. Results: Overall, the participants were satisfied with the course, however, no statistically significant association was found between the variables indicative of their satisfaction and the grades they earned on the pre- and post-course questionnaires. Conclusion: The available pediatric dentistry course received positive evaluations from the participants, constituting a possible strategy for the qualification of primary care dentists. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the expectations of DL course participants, aiming to enhance the quality of future editions of this learning modality for pediatric dentistry contents.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17814 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17814/6469

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1395 1404 Hun-Young PARK Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Won-Sang JUNG Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Jisu KIM Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyejung HWANG Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Kiwon LIM Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea AND Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2019 07 18 Background: Obesity is recognized as an important global health problem that increases the risk of all-cause death. It is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Methods: We conducted this review through searching the related literature plus internet links.  Results: Recently, many researchers have been applying various efficient alternative exercise paradigms for treating obesity, such as high-intensity interval training, whole-body vibration training, and hypoxic therapy. Compared with moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training involves a shorter exercise time but higher energy expenditure and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption via a higher exercise intensity and is effective for treating obesity. Whole-body vibration training effectively reduces the rate of fat production and accumulation through passive vibration of the whole body and improving the body composition, muscle function, and cardiovascular function of the obese population. Hypoxic therapy has been reported to improve obesity and obesity-related diseases through appetite loss, reduced dietary intake, increased energy consumption, improved glycogen storage and fatty acid oxidation, angiogenesis and left ventricle remodeling, decreased mechanical load, and reduced sarcopenia progression due to aging. Conclusion: The new therapeutic exercise modalities, namely, high-intensity interval training, whole-body vibration training, and hypoxic therapy, are practical, useful, and effective for improving obesity and various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases induced by obesity.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17809 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17809/6464

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1523 1527 Rui ZHAO Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China AND Sichuan Province Cyclic Economy Research Center, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China Yibo ZHANG Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China Sidai GUO Sichuan Province Cyclic Economy Research Centre, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China 2019 07 18 We report a case to provide an improved air quality index (AQI) based upon association between individual health risk and Particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. A Poisson sampling distribution model was used to quantify the health risk, in which the coefficient of exposure-response was derived from a simple Meta-analysis. The result shows that the old people are the most vulnerable population while exposing to PM2.5, for which they are advised to reduce intensity of their physical activities. It is expected that this study is insightful to create a nexus between air quality information and public communication, which help publics take appropriate actions on health protection.      https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17827 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17827/6481

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1532 1534 Sung Man YOON Department of Business Administration, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea Byung Wook JUN Graduate School of Science in Taxation, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea 2019 07 18 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17829 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17829/6483

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1512 1517 Yousef VEISANI Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Ali DELPISHEH Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Reza VALIZADEH Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Sattar KIKHAVANI Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2019 07 18 Background: Research in source of inequality and enhance of knowledge can be reducing the inequalities in the coming decades. Therefore, we aimed to ascertain effects of income inequality measured by Gini-coefficient to death from suicide in Iran. Methods: This is an ecological study on the relation of Gini-coefficient and suicide death in Iran. Data were obtained from Iranian Urban and Rural Household Income for Gini-coefficient and Expenditure Survey and Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization for suicide. Concentration Index was used to determine of inequality by Gini-coefficient in suicide death and prediction model was applied by Stata software. Significant level considered less than 5%. Results: A Gini-coefficient between 0.2523 and 0.3755 (mean, 0.3092) was observed. The overall concentration index CI was -0.10 (95% CI= -0.19 to -0.01), therefore our results confirmed a positive inequality in incidence suicide rate result from income inequality in Iran. Conclusion: Our results showed a positive inequality due to Gini-coefficients in suicide death. This study could be a start for investigation of inequality source in geographical units and at the individual level in all provinces.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17823 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17823/6478

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1445 1451 Liming CAO Department of Respiration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China Long LONG Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China Chengping HU Department of Respiration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China 2019 07 18 Background: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of paclitaxel combined with kanglaite injection in the treatment of bone metastases of lung cancer in mice. Methods: Human lung cancer cell line A549 was inoculated into 100 C57BL/6 mice to establish bone metastasis model of lung cancer. Eighty successful modeling mice were randomly divided into four groups: Kanglaite (group A), Paclitaxel (group B), Paclitaxel combined with kanglaite (group C) and 0.9% sodium chloride solution (control group), 20 in each group. The mice started taking drugs on the 5th day after inoculation. The treatment lasted for 21 days, and the changes of body weight were observed. Evaluation of the efficacy of drug therapy was performed by comparing the pain behavior of the treated mice with that of the control mice. Results: The physical improvement rates in group A and group B were lower than that in group C (P<0.05). The bone metastasis area and tumor weight in group A, group B and group C were significantly lower than those in control group after 21 days of treatment (P<0.05). The tumor area and tumor weight in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Paclitaxel combined with kanglaite is more effective than paclitaxel or kanglaite alone in improving bone metastasis of lung cancer and has an important significance in clinical treatment of bone metastasis of lung cancer.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17815 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17815/6470

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1405 1417 Gaoming YANG Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China AND Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, 610000, China Dengfeng HAN Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China Jianhua MA Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China Xiaoning ZHANG Department of Neurology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China 2019 07 18 Background: The monotherapies of statin and ezetimibe had not successfully achieved their objectives in the management of lipid levels of dyslipidemia patients. We aimed to compare the effects of combined low-dose simvastatin and ezetimibe versus high-dose statin on the lipid-lowering treatment of dyslipidemia patients. Methods: We searched five databases published before May 2018, namely PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Completely published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of high-dose statin (S) with ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/10 mg; E/S) on the management of dyslipidemia patients were included. Results: A total of ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria, including 1,624 patients (E/S:691, S:933). Six outcomes underwent pooled analysis, including weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). No significant gap was found between high-dose statin and ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/10 mg) in LDL-C (-1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-4.42~1.31, P=0 .29), HDL-C (1.05; 95%CI:-0.21~2.3, P=0 .1), TG (4.03; 95%CI:-4.53~12.58, P=0 .36), and hs-CRP (0.14; 95%CI:-0.50~0.78, P=0.67). However, there was significant difference found between the two lipid-lowering treatments in TC (-0.45; 95%CI:-9.07~ -0.83, P=0.02) and non-HDL-C (-4.97; 95%CI -8.46~-1.49, P=0 .005). Conclusions: Ezetimibe co-administered with simvastatin (10 mg) and high-dose statin monotherapy may show similar effects in reducing LDL-C, TG, and hs-CRP levels and in increasing HDL-C levels. However, the results suggest that there was greater TC and non-HDL-C lowering through high-dose statin monotherapy as compared with ezetimibe/simvastatin co-administration.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17810 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17810/6465

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1528 1531 Meysam SHARIFDINI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Elham HAJIALILO Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Laleh GHANBARZADEH Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mehrzad SARAEI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2019 07 18 We report a human case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in Guilan Province, northern part of Iran in 2017. The patient was a 15-month-old boy with gastrointestinal symptoms. In stool examination, eggs of H. diminuta was found based on morphological characteristic. The infant was successfully treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and then completely recovered. For the first time, we report human infection with this species in north of Iran.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17828 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17828/6482

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1535 1536 Aria GUSTI Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia 25121 Resi Arifa YURNAL Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia 25121 2019 07 18 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17830 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17830/6484

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1518 1522 Mojtaba NOWROZI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Gholam Reza MOWLAVI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa ALISHAVANDI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Gholamreza HATAM Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2019 07 18 Background: Parasitoses are among the most important problems of most countries especially developing countries. We aimed to detect the situation of intestinal parasitic infections in the Farashband district in Fars Province South of Iran and identify influential factors in the escalation of parasitic diseases and to reduce them. Methods: Overall, 1009 participants from the age of 6 months to 90 years were selected from 3 cities and 15 villages of Farashband district, Fars Province South of Iran from 2015 to 2016. Parasitological methods such as the direct assay method, formalin-ether concentration method, and zinc sulfate flotation were used for diagnosis of worm eggs, cysts, and protozoa trophozoite. Susceptible and protozoan positive samples were stained using the Trichrome staining method. The modified acid-fast staining procedure was conducted for diarrheal samples and the results were used for diagnosis of coccidia. Results: Overall, 313 subjects were infected with at least one intestinal parasite (pathogenic and nonpathogenic). Helminthes infection and protozoan infection were observed in 9 (0.9%) and 304 (30.13%) participants, respectively. Fecal samples of 34 patients with diarrheal feces were used to prepare smears for further examinations using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Examinations showed no infection with coccidia. Conclusion: Helminthes infection has decreased drastically but protozoan infection is still considered a health issue in this region. It is possible to reduce parasitic infections through proper measures such as increasing public awareness and education the public, especially children on health problems with education courses.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17824 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17824/6479

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1452 1460 Chai YANG School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China And TheFirst Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, PR China Wei GU The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, 230031, PR China Tongzhu LIU The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, 230031, PR China 2019 07 18 Background: Supply, processing, and distribution (SPD) model is sparingly used in hospitals in China. We evaluated its effects on the management efficiency, quality control, and operating costs of medical consumables (MCs) in the clinical nursing surroundings in a single Chinese hospital-Anhui Provincial Hospital from 2014 to 2015. Methods: Amount-based packages (ABP) and procedure-based packages (PBP) models were created. They were introduced the use of quick response (QR) code scanning for using in clinical nursing departments (CNDs). Questionnaires were prepared by referring to previous literature and using Delphi method repeatedly, further discussed and formalized. Partial results of the formal questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Frequency of MCs claims reduced without any requirements of MCs in 70% of CNDs. Average time spent on the inventory per week decreased and the time required to procure MCs reduced. Moreover, the average satisfaction score with MCs management increased, reaching 100%. Average space occupied by MCs decreased significantly, reducing by 1.2444m3. Overall, 100% of the respondents concluded that the management of MCs improved effectively and the inventory turnover rate had accelerated. The cost of MCs decreased by 15% with more than 10% increase in in-hospital amount, and the average daily cost of MCs also showed decrease. Conclusion: SPD can improve the efficiency of MCs management in CNDs, reducing medical risks and disputes, saving hospital operating costs, and decreasing capital occupation.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17816 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17816/6471

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1418 1427 Marita MOHAMMADSHAHI Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Minoo ALIPOURI SAKHA Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefeh ESFANDIARI Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Maryam SHIRVANI Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali AKBARI SARI Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 18 Background: Mobile technologies are widely used in healthcare. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of fixed computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the mobile ones. Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CRD database were searched from 1995 to 2015. The data on safety and effectiveness of technologies were extracted from included studies. Because the review showed no significant differences in the performance of mobile CT and MRI compared to the fixed ones, then a cost minimization approach was used to explore the cost-effectiveness of three scenarios.   Results: Twenty two articles were included in the review that showed no statistically significant differences in the performance of mobile MRI and CT scan compared to the fixed ones. The cost minimization approach showed that the third scenario based on purchasing a common mobile MRI and CT scan; and using it by two or more hospitals that are in rational distance from each other is associated with the lowest costs, so it is the most cost-effectiveness strategy. Conclusion: The performance of Mobile CT and mobile MRI is comparable to the fixed ones; and using a combined mobile CT and MRI by two or three hospitals is the most cost-effective approach.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17811 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17811/6466

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1537 1538 Yujeong KIM College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchabosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, South Korea Eunmi LEE Department of Nursing, Hoseo University, 79-20, Hoseo-ro, Baebang-eup, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea Mee Kyung LEE School of Nursing, University of Washington, Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Mi Young KIM College of Nursing, Eulji University, South Korea 2019 07 18 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17831 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17831/6485

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1461 1468 Yong YANG Department of Vascular Mammary Surgery (Thyroid and Hernia), Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China Yanqin JIAO Department of Nursing, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang 330052, P.R. China Jieqing YU Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China Chenxiu WANG Department of Endocrine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China 2019 07 18 Background: To investigate the treatment efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy on patients after total thyroidectomy and its effect on the quality of life. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 120 thyroid cancer patients admitted to Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China from February 2014 to February 2017 was performed. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into observation group of 62 cases and control group of 58 cases. Both groups were treated with total thyroidectomy. The control group was treated with anti-infection and prevention of complications after operation, the observation group with radioactive iodine therapy. Treatment efficacy, quality of life score, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and postoperative survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of treatment in the test group was 98.39%, significantly higher than 72.41% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the fatigue score of the test group was lower, but the score in the area of emotion function and the overall health status score were higher, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury between the two groups of patients. The postoperative survival rate of the test group of patients was 96.77%, significantly higher than 86.21% of the control group.      Conclusion: The effect of radioactive iodine therapy after total thyroidectomy is remarkable, which can significantly improve the clinical treatment efficacy and postoperative quality of life of patients, worthy of clinical application.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17817 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17817/6472

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1428 1438 Majid TAHERI Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad TAVAKOL Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Esmaeil AKBARI Cancer Research Center (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir ALMASI-HASHIANI Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran AND Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Mahmoud ABBASI Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 18 Background: Despite our awareness of the significant effect of Social Determinant of Health (SDoH) such as Socio Economic Status (SES), income and education on breast cancer survival, there was a serious lack of information about the effect of different level of these factors on breast cancer survival. So far, no meta-analysis has been conducted with this aim, but this gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Main electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were investigated up to January 2019. Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between SDoH and breast cancer were singled out. Q-test and I2 statistic were used to study the heterogeneity across studies. Begg's and Egger's tests were applied to explore the likelihood of the publication bias. The results were reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through a random-effects model. Results: We identified 7,653 references and included 25 studies involving 1,497,881 participants. The HR estimate of breast cancer survival was 0.82 (0.67, 0.98) among high level of SES, 0.82 (0.70, 0.94) among high level of income and 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) among academic level of education. Conclusions: The SES, income, and education were associated with breast cancer survival, although the association was not very strong. However, there was a significant association between the levels of these factors and breast cancer survival.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17812 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17812/6467

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1539 1540 Xiaolin LIU Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Xianfeng ZHOU Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Juzhong KE Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Hua QIU Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Kang WU Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Xiaonan WANG Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Siyu YU Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Zhitao LI Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Tao LIN Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Xiaonan RUAN Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China Li PENG Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China 2019 07 18 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17832 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17832/6486

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1469 1477 Ali ALAMI Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran AND Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Mahbobeh NEJATIAN Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Elaheh LAEL-MONFARED Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza JAFARI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 2019 07 18 Background: Suicide/suicide attempt, as a major public health problem, has been included among anti-social behaviors. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of suicide and some associated individual, family, and social factors. Methods: A historical cohort study was conducted among all cases (748 persons) reports related to suicide/suicide attempt that register in hospital reporting system and health care center in Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran, from 2009 to 2014. The required data were extracted through a checklist. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytic statistics (t-test, Chi-square, and logistic regression) applied to analyzed data. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 748 reported suicide attempters, 17 cases (2.3%) had completed suicide. The annual average incidence rate of suicide was 110.03 per 100,000 populations. The mean age of suicide attempt had significantly decreased during the time (P=0.007). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between outcome of suicide and place of residence (P=0.019), history of physical illnesses (P=0.002), and method of suicide (P=0.001). Conclusion: Due to trend of age among suicide attempters, considering intervention programs of suicide prevention for school pupils and university students especially individuals residing in rural areas, as well as individuals suffering from physical illness would be effective to reduce the rate of suicide.        https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17818 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17818/6473

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1541 1542 Maria VAKRILOVA BECHEVA Department of Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Angelina KIRKOVA-BOGDANOVA Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and E-learning, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2019 07 18 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17833 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17833/6487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1478 1487 Zeinab SHAYEGHIAN Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa AMIRI Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golnaz VAHEDI-NOTASH Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad KARIMI Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun AZIZI Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 18 Background: We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the short form social well-being scale. Methods: After linguistic validation, the Iranian version of social well-being scale was completed by 715 participants, aged ≥ 18 yr between Jan and Sep 2015. Concurrent validity was examined by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the dimensions of social well-being and social support. Internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, confirmatory and explanatory factor analyses were also examined. Results: The internal consistency as measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients was 0.72 for total score. No ceiling and floor effect was found in total score or any of the subscales. The concurrent correlation coefficients between social well-being and social support ranged from good to excellent agreement. Exploratory factor analysis supported mainly comparable results with the original US English dialect version. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for 5-factor models indicated acceptable fit for the proposed research models. Conclusion: The findings support the initial reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the social well-being scale in the research and community settings in Iran.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17819 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17819/6474

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1543 1544 Priya KALYANASUNDARAM Sankara Institute of Management Science, Saravanampatty, Coimbatore, India 2019 07 18 No Abstract## https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17834 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17834/6488

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1488 1495 Mostafa AMINI-RARANI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt Mohsen BAYATI Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Esmaeil KHEDMATI MORASAE Center for Systems Studies, Hull University Business School (HUBS), Hull York Medical School (HYMS), University of Hull, Hull, UK 2019 07 18 Background: Despite constant decrease in rate of neonatal mortality, the rate is still higher than that of other under-five children. One of the first steps towards reduction of neonatal mortality is to identify its determinants using health production function. The aim of the present study was to estimate neonatal health production function for Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Iranian Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS) 2010 was used. Four categories of socioeconomic, mother, neonatal demographic and healthcare system factors were entered into the Binomial Logistic Regression model to estimate neonate health production function. Households’ economic status was constructed using principal component analysis. Results: History of abortion/stillbirth had the highest significant positive impact on odds of neonatal mortality (odds ratio=1.98; 95 % CI=1.55-2.75), indicating that neonates of mothers with such a history had 1.98 times higher chance of death compared to other neonates. Moreover, odds ratio of neonatal death for the poorest quintiles was 1.70 (95 % CI=1.08-2.74), indicating that by moving from the poorest quintile to the richest one, the odds of being alive for neonates increased up to 70%. However, skilled birth attendant decreased the chance of death up to 58% (odds ratio=0.58; 95 % CI=0.36-0.93). Conclusion: Considering the most significant inputs of neonatal health production function in Iran, improvement of economic status of households, provision of appropriate care services for mothers, and improvement of delivery care provided by trained personnel, could be priorities for health policymakers to act and reduce neonatal mortality in Iran.      https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17820 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17820/6475

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1545 1546 Fatemeh BAGHERI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh SHAYEGHI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan VATANDOOST Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh NIKPOUR ALKARAN Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eslam MORADI ASL Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 18 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17835 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17835/6489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 8 2019 07 18 1496 1502 Sahar ASKARI Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golaleh ASGHARI Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein FARHADNEJAD Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash GHANBARIAN Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SstName> NK Khan J Windram K Lalukota P Velavan M Lammimam JGF Cleland 2015 10 03 Background: Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and Heart failure (HF) have a poor prognosis. However, there is a paucity of data investigating the difference in the prognosis of patients who developed HF following either ST elevation (STEMI) or non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) as evidenced by electrocardiogram (ECG). Aim: To identify the prognosis of patients who develop HF following STEMI and NSTEMI. Method: Case notes of 204 patients who had an MI in 1998 were identified according to the hospital discharge summary by the Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals Trust Information Department, were used to identify events between 1998 and 2005. Results: 40% had died by the end of 205. 68% of the sample were male (mean age 67 ±12 years). 71% of patients had STEMI and 29% had NSTEMI. The overall mortality was similar in STEMI and NSTEMI (41% vs 32%). However, there was a trend towards higher early mortality in STEMI during index admission (21% vs 11%). 81 patients developed HF following MI during the index admission. These patients had higher early (during first admission), late (during follow-up) and overall mortality rates when compared to those who did not develop heart failure Similar trends were observed in those with STEMI and NSTEMI. Patients with STEMI were at higher risk of developing HF during the first admission than those presenting with in NSTEMI. These patients had a similar overall mortality rate during the five-year follow-up. Patients with NSTEMI had higher late mortality compare to STEMI. Conclusion: Patients who develop heart failure following an MI have higher all cause mortality then those who do not develop heart failure. Patients presenting with STEMI and NSTEMI and develop HF have similar mortality over 5 years and hence require equally robust secondary prevention and heart failure management. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2957

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 Supple 1 2005 03 15 26 27 MA Cheraghi M Salsali 2015 10 03 Background: The predominant form of nursing education in Iran is university-based education. BSc, MSc, and PhD are the nursing programmes in Iran. The teaching method in Iran is very formal and nursing students obtain much theoretical information that they do not utilize it in practice settings. The system of nursing education in Iran involves a lot of exams and memorization, but students often forget the information after the exam. Thus, nursing students are not very satisfied with this kind of education. In contrast, there is not any professional relationship between practical settings and academic centers, and no major changes in the structure of nursing education were made in response to acceleration of university-based programme. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the dominant form of nursing care in the practical settings is the traditional form, and the practice experience is not integrated with the theoretical content presented in the school blocks of study. In fact, in the four years program of nursing education for getting BSc, there is need to study input, process, context, and output of educational process in order to reach a suitable model according to realities of Iran society health needs. Method: Using Grounded theory, this study is doing. The aim of this study is exploring the processes of theory-practice gap in nursing education in Iran at baccalaureate degree in order to reach a tentative theory about this gap. The phrase "grounded theory" refers to theory that is developed inductively from a corpus of data. If done well, this means that the resulting theory at least fits one dataset perfectly. Questions are included: Where is the gap between theory and practice, and which attempts should be made to bridge it? Samples are: nurse educators, nursing students, clinical nurses, and nurse administrators. The basic idea of the grounded theory approach is to read (and re-read) a textual database (such as a corpus of field notes) and "discover" or label variables (called categories, concepts and properties) and their interrelationships. The ability to perceive variables and relationships is termed "theoretical sensitivity" and is affected by a number of things including one’s reading of the literature and one’s use of techniques designed to enhance sensitivity. For covering this aims, constant comparison method throughout the open, axial, and selective coding of study has been applied. Strauss and Corbin method of coding is applying in this study. Finding: This study is in the early of its stage, and accordingly, the researcher is studying the nursing education context in UK (at Sheffield University). The early findings in UK are indicating that working based on local needs is the most important agent in nursing education. Conclusion: Getting to an appropriate educational model in nursing education needs a dynamic approach for realizing the realities, and practicing the attained model or theory based on local requirements. Accordingly, doing equivalent study for receiving a fitting model is an obvious need. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2958

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 Supple 1 2005 03 15 27 28 HR Nakhai-Pour 2015 10 03 Objective: A number of studies recently reported a positive association between the Glu298Asp polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and coronary artery diseases (CAD), however, others were unable to replicate these finding. To re-evaluate the association between the Glu298Asp polymorphism and CAD in Caucasian population by performing a meta-analysis of all published case-control studies. Methods and Results: We searched Medline and Embase for articles about the Glu298Asp polymorphism and CAD, until March 2003. We found 20 studies and included 13 cases-control series from 8 studies in Caucasian, contained 7998 patients with CAD and 5471 healthy controls. The overall frequencies for TT, GT, and GG genotype were 12.6%, 43.0% 44.4% in cases, and 10.2%, 44.7%, and 45.1% in controls, respectively. The overall distribution of T allele in the case and control subjects was 34.1% and 32.5%. The pooled estimate odds ratio of CAD by use of Dersimonian and Laird’s random effects model was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.30) for TT versus GG, and 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) for TT versus GT and GG combined. Conclusions: Our finding in a meta-analysis of 13 independent case-control studies, argued against the hypothesis that the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease in the Caucasian population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2959

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 Supple 1 2005 03 15 28 29 N Keshavarz I Huges F Khavarpour 2015 10 03 Complexity science is about complex adaptive systems (CAS) and provides important concepts and tools for responding to challenge of health care in 21st century and as Holland describes, it is the science of 21st century. In this presentation, I will discuss some of the potential advantages of applying complexity science in my research in school health promotion. Complexity science originates from systems thinking and has been applied in biology, behaviour science, management, business, computer science and mathematics, physics and more recently, in health care. There are few reports about application of this theory in health but they look promising or at least challenging. A CAS is a collection of autonomous, interactive, and adaptive agents that act freely in diverse ways, which are unpredictable and, non-linear but interconnected. It is an ever-changing system, typically with fuzzy boundaries