Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1014 1024 Shu-Wen SU School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China Dong WANG School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China 2019 06 02 Background: We assessed the information regarding the psychometric properties of the Short Form-12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) among older adults in China Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a stratified representative sample of older adults (≥60 years) residing in community and nursing home settings in 2017-18. Reliability was estimated using the internal consistency method. Validity was assessed using convergent and discriminant validity checks, factor analyses (including both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses [EFA and CFA]), and “known groups” construct validity. Results: The final sample comprised 1000 older adults (451 community-dwelling and 549 institutional). Cronbach’s α was 0.81 for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and 0.83 for the Mental Component Summary (MCS), showing satisfactory internal consistency for both. Most items were strongly correlated with their represented component (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: 0.62–0.87), although the correlation of SF items with PCS was a bit stronger than that with MCS. A two-factor structure (physical and mental health) indicated by EFA jointly accounted for 68.50% of the variance and presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices (GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.08, 90% Cl RMSEA=0.06 to 0.11, NFI=0.98, and CFI=0.98) in CFA. Known-groups comparison showed that SF-12v2 summary scores did well in differentiating subgroups of older adults by age, marital status, and self-reported health problems (P≤0.05). Conclusion: SF-12v2 is a reliable and valid health-related quality of life instrument for Chinese older adults that works equally well with older adults under institutional care and community-based home care models.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17337 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17337/6405

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 994 1003 Jiren ZHANG Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China Zhaojing JIANG Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Wenjuan WEI Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China Xufeng LI Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China AND Institute of Economics, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Chen SUN Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China Yuanyuan ZHANG Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China Shilin FU Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China Jingfen ZHENG Guangdong Institute of Target Tumor Intervention and Prevention, Qingyuan, China 2019 06 02 Background: The incidence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, overweight, obesity, cancer and other diseases has been increasing. It is a huge challenge to public health industry about how to provide risk intervention and preventive medical services and explore advanced technology platform for effective prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods: We collaborated domestic and international experts on preventive medicine, and analyzed pathogenesis and risk factors for the major chronic diseases. Results: We established Target Elimination--denatured and unstable proteins, environmental toxins, metabolic wastes, immunosuppressive factors and chronic inflammatory factor (TE-PEMIC) system that offer us the standard and methods to eliminate and intervene pathogenic factors of the chronic diseases. Conclusion: It provides new researches and exploring new ideas to prevent and intervene chronic diseases by applying the TE-PEMIC chronic diseases prevention medical technology system.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17334 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17334/6403

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1161 1164 Parvin MANSOURI Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra S. NARAGHI Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maliheh AMANI Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza CHALANGARI Kassir Dermatology, Dallas, Texas, USA Katalin MARTITS-CHALANGARI Kassir Dermatology, Dallas, Texas, USA Nikoo MOZAFARI Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Herein we report three married women referred to Dermatology Clinic of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2017 for evaluation and treatment of genital warts. Two patients were complaining of flat-topped papules on their labia major and the third one was presented with asymptomatic papillary projections on her vestibule and inner aspect of both labia minora. Histological examination revealed the diagnosis of syringoma, lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) and vestibular papillomatosis respectively. Familiarity with these uncommon conditions which clinically mimic genital warts helps to prevent labeling a patient with sexually transmitted disease before histological confirmation and prevent unnecessary treatment.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17365/6424

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1174 1176 So Hyung KANG Sports and Health Care Major, Mokwon University, Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea 2019 06 03 The Differences in the Socio-Economic Levels and Blood Vessel Health States in Asian Countries https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17369 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17369/6427

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1155 1160 Minoo ALIPOURI SAKHA Department of Global Health and Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Najmeh BAHMANZIARI Department of Healthcare Management & Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirhossein TAKIAN Department of Global Health and Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Healthcare Management & Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: This study aimed to provide tailored transferrable lessons for expanding population coverage through a descriptive lens by reviewing the population coverage policies, reforms and strategies in selected nations. Methods: In this comparative short communication, 14 countries with different status of population coverage and political economy that had successful experiences with coverage expansion were selected and categorized in four groups to study their approaches to reach Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Results: Although each country needs to tailor its policies and reforms based on its own contextual factors, the legal right of citizens to social security and health protection are enshrined in most countries' Constitution. Some countries adapted political and economic reforms to evolve their Social Health Insurance schemes. National laws to push governments to adapt UHC as a national strategy for ensuring that every resident is enrolled in health insurance schemes are key policies to reach UHC. Conclusion: A series of reforms are required to provide total population coverage through various approaches. To create an effective insurance coverage, physical merger of all insurance funds is not necessarily required. Further, the share of GDP for health is not a definite indicator to reach UHC. Finally, strong political commitment and citizens’ participation are the key issues in reaching UHC, while considering the poorest, remote and neglected population really matters.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17363 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17363/6423

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1025 1032 Seok-Hee KIM School of Humanities and Social Science, College of Liberal Arts and Convergence Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, Republic of Korea Jooyoung KIM Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu-si, Korea 2019 06 02 Background: The risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in menopausal women are potential causes of osteoporosis. However, there is no consensus on this. We aimed to determine the relationship between risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal Korean women. Methods: We enrolled 205 menopausal Korean women who visited a health promotion center in Seoul in 2015 and divided them into the following two groups according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria with modified waist-circumference criteria: the non-MetS group (Group 1, n=90) and the MetS group (Group 2, n=115). Anthropometric parameters and clinical parameters, including blood pressure, blood lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), and fasting blood sugar levels were recorded for all participants. BMD at the lumbar spine was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The relationship between the risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density was analyzed by statistical methods. Results: There was no significant difference in risk factors of MetS between the groups. In correlation tests, waist circumference showed a significant association with body surface area (BSA) (r = -0.242, P < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure was correlated with BSA (r = 0.186, P < 0.01) and bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.161, P < 0.05). However, multiple regression analysis showed no significant relationship between MetS risk factors and BMD. Conclusion: The risk factors of MetS did not affect BMD in menopausal Korean women. Follow-up studies with a larger study population are necessary size to allow the investigation of other research variables.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17338 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17338/6406

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1004 1013 Khandan SHAHANDEH Deputy of Research and Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza BASSERI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: This systematic review was conducted to highlights key challenges, and outlines important next steps to maximize the potential to contribute to the broader malaria elimination interventions. Methods: This systematic review on malaria elimination intervention and challenges was undertaken searching six databases, between 1995 and 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set. The references were collated and categorized according to type of study, intervention, population, and health outcome. Articles selection based on title and abstract, retrieval of full text and additions of articles from reference lists and recommendations from experts. Disagreement in data extraction was solved by consultation of third reviewer. Results: Overall, 4039 records were examined related to malaria elimination that initially identified by our designated electronic databases search. Overall, 35 studies contained 14 experimental studies (40%) and 21 analytic observational studies (60%) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Studies used a wide variety of malaria elimination interventions. Types of interventions either elimination-focused interventions or general interventions on educational, prevention and treatment of malaria are included. This review pointed out the variety of challenges for eliminate malaria among low and high endemic countries. Conclusion: Malaria elimination is facilitated by strong health systems, determined leadership, appropriate incentivization, an effective surveillance system, and regional collaborations. We have identified areas for elimination-specific interventions deserve more attention in the conduct and reporting.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17335 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17335/6404

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1165 1168 Ehsan AHMADPOUR Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Reza YOUSSEFI Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Mohammad NAZARI Tuberculosis Laboratory, Deputy of Public Health of Mazandaran Province, Sari, Iran Seyed Abdollah HOSSEINI Student Research Committee, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Arash RAKHSHANPOUR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi RAHIMI School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2019 06 03 Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of human and animal tissues caused by larva of several fly species. Nosocomial myiasis is a type of myiasis that patient acquires infestation after admission to hospital and prevention of this infestation should be one of hospital authorities concerns. Therefore, we report a case of nosocomial oral myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata in a woman aged 78-yr-old hospitalized in a Heart Center in north of Iran Aug 2015. The significance of fly extermination in hospital was highlighted and emphasized. Besides, the etiology and different aspects of infestation were discussed elaborately.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17366 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17366/6425

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1177 1179 Assiya TURGAMBAYEVA Department of Public Health №1, Medical University NJSC, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aigul ISMAILOVA Department of Ecology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulzhan DOSSYBAYEVA Department of General Practitioner N2, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Chimkent, Kazakhstan Gulnaz NUSKABAEVA Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, International Kazakh-Turkish University Named after Khoja Akhmet Yassawi, Turkestan, Kazakhstan Nurlan NAURYZOV Department of Morphology and Physiology, Medical University NJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Zauresh MUKHAMETZHANOVA Department of Morphology and Physiology, Medical University NJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Karlygash KAIYRBEKOVA Department of Morphology and Physiology, Medical University NJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Sona SARGSYAN Department of ENT Diseases, Medical University Named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia Ani MATEVOSYAN Department of Children's Policlinic N9, Yerevan, Armenia Nargiz ZULKHASH Department of Public Health №1, Medical University NJSC, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aiman MUSINA Department of Hygiene, Medical University NJSC, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2019 06 03 Medical and Demographic Analysis of Health Status of the Population of Some Countries Worldwide https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17370 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17370/6428

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1033 1042 Yuhui DAI Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China AND Dongfang College, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Haining, China Zhidong TAN Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China Jianhua TAN Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China Lina YAN Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China 2019 06 02 Background: Environmental pollution seriously damages not only the ecosystem but also the well-being of residents. There is an association between air pollution and residential health expenditures. The aim of this study was to identify the association between pollution control and residents’ health expenditures. Methods: Using the pilot project of the regional cooperative pollution control in 28 cities required by the Chinese government as the quasi-natural experiment setting and the panel data of residents’ health expenditures in China from 2014 to 2017, the impact of pollution control on residents’ health expenditures was systematically explored through difference-in-difference approach. Results: Air quality of the 28 cities that adopted the regional cooperative pollution control policy improves significantly, thus indicating that this policy effectively solves the self-interest issue of local governments in pollution control, and residents’ health expenditures consequently decrease. Conclusion: This study enriches the paradigm that analyzes the relationship between air pollution and residents’ health expenditures and reveals the mechanism through which the regional cooperative pollution control reduces residents’ health expenditures.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17339 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17339/6407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1169 1173 Mahmoud RAHDAR Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sharif MARAGHI Abadan Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2019 06 03 Norwegian scabies (hyperkeratosis scabies) is an acute form of skin disease seen in immune-compromised patients. This study aimed to describe two cases of Norwegian scabies from Ahvaz, southwest of Iran in 2015. Two patients included a 55 year old man with renal transplant history and a 49 yr old man with diabetic mellitus and autoimmune disease, complained of dermatitis lesions and itching with sever hyperkeratosis, several macula and papules on neck and armpits for one-month duration were referred to a Iran Zamin Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in Ahvaz, Southwestern Iran in 2015. Patients were referred for fungal examination. Scraping from the crusted lesions of skin and slide preparation with 20% KOH was done. Microscopic examination presented that huge infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei in all forms of parasite included adult female, nymph stage and eggs. One of the patients spouse was also infested by Sarcoptes and appeared mild clinical symptoms. The disease was diagnosed with Norwegian scabies and the patients were successfully treated with topical 5% permethrin ointment for two weeks continuously. Overall, Norwegian scabies should be considered in immune- compromised patients with contaminated areas.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17367/6426

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1180 1181 Bojan MASANOVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2019 06 03 Impact of Physical Exercise Programs and Programs of Social Activity on Public Health and Social Inclusion of Young People https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17371 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17371/6429

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1043 1051 Ogunsakin ROPO EBENEZER Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Dur-ban, Siaka LOUGUE Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Dur-ban, South Africa 2019 06 02 Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Breast cancer treatment strategies in Nigeria need urgent strengthening to reduce mortality rate because of the disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the ages at diagnosis and established the prognostic factors of modality of treatment given to breast cancer patient in Nigeria. Methods: The data was collected for 247 women between years 2011-2015 who had breast cancer in two different hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Model estimation is based on Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo. A multilevel model based on generalized linear mixed model is used to estimate the random effect. Results: The mean age of the patients (at the time of diagnosis) was 42.2 yr with 52% of the women aged between 35-49 yr. The results of the two approaches are almost similar but preference is given to Bayesian because the approach is more robust than the frequentist. Significant factors of treatment modality are age, educational level and breast cancer type. Conclusion: Differences in socio-demographic factors such as educational level and age at diagnosis significantly influence the modality of breast cancer treatment in western Nigeria. The study suggests the use of Bayesian multilevel approach in analyzing breast cancer data for the practicality, flexibility and strength of the method.      https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17340 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17340/6408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1182 1183 Jaroslav STANCIAK Trnava University Hospital, Trnava, Slovak Republic AND Pedagogical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Lubica VARECKOVA Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2019 06 03 Evaluation on Emergency Medical Services Departure in the Trnava University Hospital, the Slovak Republic https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17372 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17372/6430

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1052 1058 Jiangfeng ZHOU Department of Imaging, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, P.R. China Hongling CHEN Department of Endocrinology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, P.R. China Tao YANG Department of Imaging, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, P.R. China Cuihong XING Department of Medical Ward, The People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, P.R. China Fengxia JIA Department of Neurosurgery, Juxian People’s Hospital, Rizhao 276599, P.R. China 2019 06 02 Background: To investigate the characterizations of CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 264 patients with carotid atherosclerosis underwent CT and MRI in Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China from January 2010 to January 2016. Among them, 142 patients with ischemic stroke were in experimental group (test group), another 122 patients in control group. The lumen stenosis degree, plaque fibrous cap status, calcification information and vascular plaque hemorrhage in the carotid artery fork of patients detected by CT and MRI were collected. Results: The detection rate of the plaque calcification of patients detected by MRI was lower than that detected by CT in the experimental group (P<0.05). Patients in the experimental group had higher average vascular stenosis degree detected by CT and MRI than those in the control group (P<0.01). The average vascular stenosis degree of patients detected by MRI was higher than that detected by CT in the experimental group (P<0.05). Patients in the experimental group had higher unstable fibrous cap number detected by CT and MRI than those in the control group (P<0.01). Patients in the experimental group had significantly higher number of vascular plaque small focus hemorrhage than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with carotid atherosclerotic complicated with stroke have higher plaque calcification number, vascular stenosis degree and unstable fibrous cap number. Both CT and MRI can better predict the risk of stroke.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17341 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17341/6409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1184 1186 Zohre FAKHRIEH KASHAN Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeede SHOJAEE Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein KESHAVARZ Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen ARBABI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mahdi DELAVARI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mahbobeh SALIMI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Vitamin D Deficiency and Toxoplasma Infection https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17373 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17373/6431

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1059 1067 Ling ZHANG Center for Cultivation of Morals and Basic Law, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China Jue FU College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China Benxian YAO College of Teacher Education, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China Yuesong ZHANG Center for Cultivation of Morals and Basic Law, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China 2019 06 02 Background: The work stress of civil servants has gradually increased as a result of the modernization of China’s national governance system and capacity. However, research on the correlations among work stressors, work stress responses, and subjective well-being (SWB) of civil servants is scarce. Methods: In accordance with the current research status on work stress and SWB, a survey of 874 civil servants in China was carried out from May to June 2018. The revised stress response questionnaire of civil servants, work stressors questionnaire of civil servants, and a simplified edition of the SWB scale of China’s urban residents were used in this study. Results: Superiors impose the major work pressure on civil servants, followed by interpersonal relationship, work particularity, career prospect, work task, perfectionism, and job responsibility. The work stressors of civil servants were significantly related to gender, age, marital status, working years, educational background, and position (P<0.05). The work stressors of civil servants were significantly positively correlated with work stress responses (P<0.05). The work stressors and work stress responses had a significantly negative correlation with SWB. Conclusion: SWB can be accurately predicted by work stressors and work stress responses. These findings can provide references and guidance for the society and government sectors to accurately understand and cope with the treatment of civil servants, formulate work stress management countermeasures, and create a high-level working environment for civil servants.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17342 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17342/6410

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1187 1188 Maryam KIANISADR Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran 2019 06 03 Airport Site Selection of Tehran, Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17374 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17374/6432

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1068 1073 Shudong LIN Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Xiujing YANG Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Ying XING Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Xingye WANG Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Yadong LI Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China 2019 06 02 Background: We aimed to investigate the clinical value of detecting 14 food intolerances. Methods: A total of 312 patients with food intolerance enrolled in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University (Qiqihar, China) from Feb 2016 to Feb 2017 were selected. ELISA was used to detect intolerance specific IgG antibodies for 14 foods (pork, chicken, beef, shrimp, fish, crab, egg white/yolk, tomato, mushroom, milk, corn, rice, soybean, wheat). Results: The highest average positive rate of the patients was 42.31% for the crab, followed by shrimp 21.15%, egg white/yolk 18.27% and milk 16.99%. The positive rate from high to low was crab, shrimp, egg white/yolk, milk, fish, corn, soybeans, tomatoes, rice, mushrooms, wheat, pork, beef, chicken. There were significant differences in the specific IgG antibody positive rates between shrimp, soybean and wheat in the skin symptoms group, gastrointestinal symptoms group, respiratory symptom group and nervous system symptom group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the positive rate of specific IgG antibodies between shrimp, crab and egg white/yolk in the adolescent group, the middle-aged group and the elderly group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The detection of food-specific IgG antibodies can help to determine which food intolerance caused the disease, and then adopt a fasting or diet method to avoid eating unsuitable foods and continually damaging the body, thus maintaining good health. The detection method provides a new idea for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17343 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17343/6411

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1189 1190 Reza SHOKOOHI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad Taghi SAMADI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Manoochehr KARAMI Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Razieh KHAMUTIAN Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2019 06 03 The Necessity of Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits Using Hazard Index among Consumers https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17375 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17375/6433

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1074 1081 Fatemeh TOORANG Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahareh SASANFAR Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soodeh RAZEGHI JAHROMI Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soraiya EBRAHIMPOUR KOUJAN Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saba NARMCHESHM Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali RAFEI Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kazem ZENDEHDEL Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: This study described validity of Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) for assessing energy and nutrient intake among Iranian population. Methods: A group of experienced nutritionists translated the DHQ to Farsi language and modified it based on Iranian food habits and cooking methods. We recruited 244 healthy adults with a mean age of 42.83 ± 0.75 yrs. from healthy individuals who were friends or relatives of patients in the Cancer Institute of Iran from April 2011 to February 2012. We used the DHQ to assess dietary intakes through interviews as well as at least four 24-h recalls one in every season. Reliability was estimated by comparing data of DHQ with mean intake from 24-hour recalls using deattenuated and energy-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients. We classified dietary intakes of two methods into three groups to probe if DHQ correctly allocates subjects into different intake groups compared to reference method. The results are reported as percent of disagreement, adjacent agreement, and complete agreement. Results: Deattenuated spearman correlation ranged from 0.18 for vitamin B12 and fat to 0.60 for sugar. It ranged from 0.13 for pantothenic acid to 0.60 for sugar in men and from 0.07 for fat to 0.58 for sugar in females. The complete agreement of methods ranged from 51% for selenium to 36% for carotene in the entire sample, from 50% for energy to 31% for niacin in males and from 49% for sugar to 27% for vitamin B12 in females. Conclusion: The DHQ is a valid tool for assessing most nutrients intake among Iranian population. In addition, it is a proper instrument in categorizing individuals based on their dietary intakes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17344 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17344/6412

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1082 1090 Mostafa ENAYATRAD Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Parvin YAVARI Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh ETEMAD Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sohila KHODAKARIM Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh MAHDAVI Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: In this study, we used a variety of factors that affect urbanization in Iran to evaluate different provinces in Iran in terms of the level of urbanization. Methods: Using information from census 2011, we collected data on 33 indicators related to urbanization in 31 provinces in Iran. To rank the provinces we used density-based hierarchical clustering scheme. To determine similarities or differences between the provinces, the square of the Euclidean distance dissimilarity coefficient; Ward’s algorithm was used to merge the provinces to minimize intra-cluster variance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variance between the variables used to rank the provinces in terms of different levels of urbanization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The provinces in Iran were combined with each other in 30 stages and classified into four levels. Taking into account the variables used to rank the level of urbanization, Tehran, and Alborz provinces were at the highest level of urbanization. On the other hand, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Kerman, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr were at the lowest level of urbanization. Conclusion: Identification of provinces at the same level of urbanization can help us to discover the strengths and weaknesses in the infrastructures of each of them. Given the differences between various levels of urbanization, the identification of factors that are effective in the process of urbanization can help to access more information required for designing plans for the years to come.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17345 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17345/6413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1091 1098 Reza ZEIDABADINEZHAD Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan VATANDOOST Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ABAI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Navid DINPARAST DJADID Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Abbasali RAZ Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi SEDAGHAT Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Ali OSHAGHI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad RAEISI Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Neda ADIBI Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Some mosquito species which belong to the Culex. pipiens complex are primary vectors for West Nile virus, Sindbis, Dirofilaria immitis, and many arboviruses. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of Cx. pipiens that is inherited, is one of the important threats for the efficacy of pyrethroids insecticides. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation, L1014F, is a well-defined mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in many insect species. The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms of Insecticide resistance in this species Methods: Specimens of Cx. pipiens, the major vector of West Nile virus, were obtained in Tehran, Iran by collecting larvae from polluted wastewater in Qarchak of Tehran. In 2016 Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed according to WHO methods with deltamethrin 0.05%. We focused on determination of this point mutation in the VGSC gene of Cx. pipiens by Real-time PCR. Results: Our results revealed high levels of resistance to deltamethrin 0.05%. The lethal times i.e. LT50 and LT90 for deltamethrin were 2.1530 and 8.5117 h respectively. The result of Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of resistant genotype in all the members of tested population. This study is the first report on kdr genotyping of Cx. pipiens from Tehran and our results on the VGSC gene in position L1014F confirmed the TTA to TTT nucleotide change. Conclusion: This finding will provide a clue for management of insecticide resistance in mosquito which are vectors of arboviruses and decision for replacement of novel approach for vector control.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17346/6414

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1099 1105 Farzaneh AMINHARATI Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Hassan EHRAMPOUSH Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Mehdi SOLTAN DALLAL Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi YASERI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Ali DEHGHANI TAFTI Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Zahra RAJABI Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: The aim of this study was to assess associations of Citrobacter freundii foodborne outbreaks with environmental factors in various regions of Yazd Province, Iran, 2012–2016. Methods: The public health surveillance data were used for one period of five years reported foodborne disease outbreaks in various regions of the Province. Multilevel regression statistical method was used to analyze associations of climatic and demographic variables with outbreaks. Significant associations were tested using likelihood ratio tests. Results: Results showed a significant association between C. freundii outbreaks and air dust conditions, age groups and various regional cities. Conclusion: The current study revealed necessity of etiologic agent identification for use in foodborne disease outbreak guidance in future outbreaks. Systemic surveillance schemes can help prevent and control similar scenarios using reports of environmental effects on foodborne disease outbreaks.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17347 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17347/6415

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1106 1115 Somaye YOSAEE Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran AND Department of Nutrition, Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Mahmoud KHODADOST Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran Alireza ESTEGHAMATI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran John R. SPEAKMAN State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China AND Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK Kurosh DJAFARIAN Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida BITARAFAN Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Farzad SHIDFAR Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, consider as a manifestation of obesity. However, a proportion of obese patients do not develop MetS. The aim of our study was to determine whether concentration of plasma adiponectin and leptin differ between metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) patients and comparable age- and sex-matched control groups. Methods: In this case-control study, we assigned 51 obese patients with MetS (MUO) in cases group and 102 metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects matched for age and gender to cases in control groups. The study was conducted between December 2014 and February 2016 in the Endocrinology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.  We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, their ratio, and body composition in all subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed between MHO and MUO in term of total fat mass and trunk fat (P>0.05). Compared to MHO and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects, MUO subjects had lower levels of plasma adiponectin (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio (P<0.001) and a higher level of plasma leptin (P<0.002). A Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was used to identify the ability of adiponectin and leptin level to predict the MetS. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was 0.66 (P<0.01), 0.73 (P<0.001) and 0.75 (P<0.001) for leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio levels respectively. Conclusion: Our study introduced adiponectin and leptin as indicator of MetS and obesity respectively.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17349 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17349/6416

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1116 1123 Nahid RAMEZANGHORBANI Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz HAJIABEDIN RANGRAZ Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Rosemarie NOOT HEIDARI Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Web is considered an important tool for formal and informal communication and cooperation among members of the community including researchers. Universities’ websites played a significant role in the development of social structure through the creation of cyberspace. We aimed to evaluate the growth and Webometrics rankings of the country’s medical universities web sites base on interventional approach. Methods: This interventional study assessed Iranian universities of medical sciences’ websites from the periods of Jan 2015, Jul 2015 and Jan 2016. Medical universities websites were ranked based on four Webometrics indicators; PRESENCE, VISIBILITY, OPENNESS, and EXCELLENCE. To enhance the ranking of websites, 4 strategies were introduced in 3 seminars conducted from Jan to Jul 2015. Information needed from these 30 medical universities were obtained from Webometrics Ranking of World Universities based on 4 indicators and were collected in 2 steps (before and after introduction of strategies) Results: About 21% to 70% of the country’s medical universities have increased ranking after the interventions while 9% to 30% obtained a downward trend in their rankings, Tehran University of Medical Sciences obtained the highest rank followed by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and the third rank was obtained by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: The presence of websites play a vital role in the academic community. Doubtlessly, the idea of designing and launching a website without any knowledge of the principles and standards would be problematic and impossible.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17350/6417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1124 1132 Morvarid ZARIF-YEGANEH Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona KARGAR Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aarefeh JAFARZADEH KOHNELOO Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kheirollah GHOLAMI Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: Considering the importance of high out-of-pocket (OOP) payment (OOPP), as a marker of health system performance, and affordability of medications in the elderly, this study was conducted to determine these issues. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, prescriptions of patients aged 65 yr or older from 5 university-affiliated pharmacies in Tehran, Iran were evaluated from Jan to Mar 2014. Prescriptions were selected from four insurance organizations. We used the prescriptions data regarding patients’ demographics and the prescribers as well as the sales data for OOP. Affordability was calculated by considering the daily salary of an unskilled worker. Results: Totally, 1467 prescriptions were analyzed. Mean age of patients was 73.89(6.66) yr. Mean (SE) of reimbursable and OOPP of the prescriptions were 203820 (10831) and 230252 (10634) IRR (Iranian Rials) respectively (equivalent to 81.6 (4.33) and 92.17 (4.33) US$ respectively). Subspecialists imposed higher expenditures for patients and insurance organizations. Patients referred to the ophthalmologists paid less OOP. Nearly 50% of the total prescription costs was paid as OOP. The mean OOPP was averagely equal to 1.41(0.065) daily salary. These prescriptions were unaffordable for 36.2% of patients. Conclusion: The OOPP was higher than the insurance goal of 30% for outpatients in Iran. More than one-third of elderly patients could not afford their single prescription. Due to the health consequences of the unaffordability of medications, corrective actions are needed by the insurance organizations and the health system.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17358/6419

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1133 1139 Farhad SHAHRAM Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad KAZEMI Department of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud MAHMOUDI Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh JADALI Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: Both genetic and environmental factors influence, susceptibility to autoimmune disorders including Behcet’s disease (BD). FCRL3 (Fc receptor like 3 genes), a novel immunoregulatory gene, has recently been reported as a new promising candidate gene for general autoimmunity. This study was conducted to explore the potential association of FCRL3 polymorphisms with BD. Methods: This study was conducted from 2010 to 2015 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of FCRL3 (rs7528684, rs11264799, rs945635, and rs3761959) were genotyped in 220 patients and 220 healthy controls. Typing of the polymorphisms in this case-control study was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Analysis of the alleles revealed a significantly lower frequency of the A allele at the -169 site (rs7528684) in BD patients compared with that in controls (P=0.000, 66.4% versus 82%, χ2= 30.23). Moreover, a significant lower frequency of AA genotype and higher frequency of GG genotype was recorded for rs7528684. There was also relationship between posterior uveitis as a clinical sign of disease and polymorphism of allele A at the -169 site (P=0.015). Conclusion: This study revealed a significant difference in both allele and genotype frequency at position -169 of FCRL3 gene between Iranian patients with BD and normal subjects. These data suggest FCRL3 gene polymorphisms might be the autoimmunity risk factor for BD.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17360/6420

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1140 1148 Hossein DARGAHI Health Information Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali DARRUDI Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rostam ZALVAND Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: We aimed to determine strength, weakness, opportunities and threats analysis and intended to present strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats matrix model for appropriate implementation of Family medicine program in Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. All attending physicians in 30 health care centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were asked to present and prioritized their views about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats factors of family medicine program in Iran in 2015. Then, the prioritization of these factors was showed by weighted score of each factor. Finally, the respondents determined four groups of TOWS model including SO, ST, WO, and WT strategy for development of family medicine in Iran. Results: Totally, the respondents expressed 44 factors as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of family medicine program and prioritized these factors and suggested 30 TOWS matrix strategy for efficient implementation of this program. Conclusion: There were many internal and external factors that impress the implementation of family medicine program. There is a gap between the ideal and the current situation of this program. We suggest the health care system policy makers notice the TOWS matrix strategies determined for improvement of family medicine program in Iran.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17361/6421

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1149 1154 Jafar GHAFARZADEH Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Khosro SADEGHNIIAT-HAGHIGHI Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Omid SADEGHPOUR Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samaneh AKBARPOUR Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshad AMINI-BEHBAHANI Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: Insomnia is an important problem in medical sciences students and has implications for their educational progress. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders and investigating the impact of sweet almond on quality of sleep in students of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran who live in dormitories. Methods: This is a before-after study conducted in 2017. At first, using the ISI questionnaire prevalence of sleep disorders was determined. Sweet almond was the study intervention. Each day, 10 almonds were given to 446 students for 14 d. At the end of the second week, again ISI questionnaire was filled. SPSS was used to analyze data. The McNemar, Wilcoxson Signed Ranks, and Repeated Measures tests were used. Results: Out of 442 participants, 217 (49.1%) were female. Before intervention, 343 (77.6%) had insomnia and 99 (22.4%) had normal sleep. After intervention, 306 (69.2%) had insomnia and 136 (30.8%) had normal sleep. Having sweet almond for two weeks is associated with reducing insomnia (P<0.05). Investigating the almond impact in different categories also showed that it has a reducing impact on severe, mild, weak and normal sleep categories (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sweet almond has impacts on quality of sleep of those students of the TUMS that are living in dormitories. Intervention programs to improve quality of sleep are necessary and with regard to the high prevalence of insomnia, students must be protected, guided and consulted.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17362 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17362/6422