Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 Supple 1 2019 03 04 1 9 Ghobad MORADI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Bakhtiar PIROOZI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Cyrus ALINIA Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Samaneh AKBARPOUR Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mehdi GOUYA Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Sima SAADI Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Amjad MOHAMADI BOLBANABAD Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Parvin AFSAR KAZAEROONI Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 04 Background: This study aimed at estimating the incidence, mortality, burden, and geographical distribution of HIV/AIDS in Iran at national and provincial level during 2008-2016. Methods: We applied the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) index to assess the burden of HIV/AIDS on the basis of Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs). We used the Iranian life table of 2016 for treated and a fixed figure of 8 years as remaining length of life in untreated patients, 0.03 as discount rate, and 0.504 as disability weigh in both treated and untreated cases. The primary data was obtained from HIV/AIDS surveillance system. Results: The incidence of HIV/AIDS increased from 4440 cases in 2008 to 4928 cases in 2016. The mortality rate was 259 and 288 cases in 2008 and 2016, respectively, which was always higher among males than females. The burden of HIV/AIDS increased from 26231 DALYs in 2008 to 29114 DALYs in 2016. In addition, the population-adjusted burden of HIV/AIDS was not equally distributed among different provinces of Iran, and it was more concentrated in western regions of the country during the studied period. Conclusion: Although the trend of the national burden of HIV/AIDS did not change significantly over the past decade, it was alarming especially among males and among people living in some provinces such as Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hormozgan, and Tehran.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16413 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16413/6306

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 Supple 1 2019 03 04 10 19 Ghobad MORADI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Bakhtiar PIROOZI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Cyrus ALINIA Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Hossein SAFARI Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin MOHAMADI Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Fatemeh AZIMIAN ZAVAREH Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Rashid RAMEZANI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mehdi GOUYA Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mahmood NABAVI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 04 Background: This study aimed at estimating the incidence, mortality, and burden of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) viruses and their trends from 2008 to 2015. Methods: The Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALYs) index was applied to calculate the burden of the diseases by age, sex, time, and locations. The incidence and demographic data were obtained from HBV and HCV surveillance system, and the data on natural history was extracted from the cohort studies; moreover, the data on the standard life expectancy was obtained from the Iranian life table 2016. The two values of 0.03 and 21.5 yr were set as the discount rate and mean standard duration of the disease for both types of hepatitis. Results: The burden of HBV decreased from 13735 to 78277.6 yr, but there was an increase in the burden of HCV from 5174 to 14395 yr over the studied period. The burden of both types of hepatitis was higher among males than females. The incidence of HBV increased from 46611 to 22996 cases, and the incidence of HCV increased from 1210 to 3939 cases. The HBV decreased from 1925 to 1394 cases; however, the number of deaths caused by HCV increased from 197 to 583 cases over the studied period. The share of YLLs raised from 5% to 10% for HBV whereas it changed from 23% to 62% for HCV over the studied years. Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, and Golestan had the highest and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah had the lowest adjusted burden of HBV per 1000 population. Conclusion: Although the incidence, mortality, and burden of HBV declined over the eight studied years, these values increased dramatically for HCV.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16414 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16414/6307

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 Supple 1 2019 03 04 20 27 Bakhtiar PIROOZI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ghobad MORADI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Hossein SAFARI Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin MOHAMADI Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Cyrus ALINIA Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Mohammad Reza SHIRZADI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mahmood NABAVI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Siamak VAHEDI Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Mehdi GOUYA Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 04 Background: Human brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide. This study aimed at estimating the incidence, mortality, and burden of human brucellosis as well as its distribution in Iran from 2009 to 2015. Methods: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) index was used to estimate the burden of human brucellosis. To calculate DALYs, years lost due to disability (YLDs) was added to years of life lost due to premature death (YLLs); they were calculated based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) formula recommended by the WHO. The data on incidence and mortality were collected from the national surveillance system of brucellosis disease in the Center for Communicable Diseases Control (CCDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), expert panels, and related literature. Results: There is an increasing trend in human brucellosis-related DALYs (34.6 per 100,000 in 2009, and 71.4 per 100,000 in 2015), incidence (88450 in 2009, and 198030 in 2015), and mortality (244 in 2009, and 578 in 2015) from 2009 to 2015. Human brucellosis-related DALYs, incidence, and mortality were higher among males than females. About 51% of DALYs was attributed to YLLs. The burden of human brucellosis disease was not equally distributed among all provinces of Iran and it was largely concentrated in a number of provinces. Conclusion: Burden of human brucellosis is significantly high in Iran, and it has also increased during the recent years. It is alarming for health system managers and policymakers, and they are recommended to pay more attention to this issue.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16415 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16415/6308

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 Supple 1 2019 03 04 28 35 Bakhtiar PIROOZI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sci-ences, Sanandaj, Iran Ghobad MORADI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Cyrus ALINIA Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Parvin MOHAMADI Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Mehdi GOUYA Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mahmood NABAVI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Faranak GHARACHORLOO Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bagher KHADEM ERFAN Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Reza SHIRZADI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 04 Background: Iran is among the first six countries in the world with the highest annual incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study aimed at estimating the incidence, burden, and trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis at the national level in Iran from 1977 to 2015. Methods: This study was conducted in 2017, used Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) index, recommended by the WHO for assessing the Global Burden of Diseases, to estimate the burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The data on the incidence of the disease and the number of cases was obtained from the communicable diseases surveillance system (Center for Communicable Diseases Control (CCDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran) that routinely collects data from all over the country; in addition, some data was extracted by reviewing the texts. Considering the views expressed in a panel of experts, to calculate the actual incidence of the disease, the number of registered cases was multiplied by 5. Results: The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis varied from approximately 50 to 250 cases per 100,000 population during the studied period. During these years, the incidence of the disease was higher in males than females. Moreover, the burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis varied between 1.18 and 5.7 DALYs per 100000 population during the studied period. The incidence and burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis have not significantly decreased in recent years. Conclusion: Despite the implementation of a program for controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran since 1977, the incidence and burden of the disease are still high in the country; it is seriously alarming for policy makers and managers of the health system in Iran, indicating the presence of some problems in controlling the disease.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16417 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16417/6309

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 Supple 1 2019 03 04 36 43 Ghobad MORADI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Bakhtiar PIROOZI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Hossein SAFARI Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Cyrus ALINIA Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Uremia, Iran Mohammad Mehdi GOUYA Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Nooshin AGHILI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Siroos HEMMATPOUR Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Bushra ZAREI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Farzad KAVEH Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Abbas NOROUZINEJAD Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Babak ESHRATI Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 04 Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of public health burden, especially in children under 5 yr of age. This study aimed at estimating the incidence, mortality, burden, and geographical distribution of Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) in Iran from 2009 to 2016. Methods: This study was conducted in 2018. The data on the incidence and mortality from 2009 to 2016 was obtained from AWD surveillance system of the Centre for Communicable Diseases Control (CCDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran. Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) was used to estimate the burden of AWD. The DALYs-related AWD was calculated using a method developed by WHO. The average duration of the disease and its disability weight, respectively, wer="en_US">Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: We determined the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of SRM-IV vestibular function diagnosis and treatment system on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods: Overall, 120 patients with BPPV diagnosed in the outpatient and in-patient departments of the Vertigo Treatment Center of the First People's Hospital of Xuzhou from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into three groups. Automatic repositioning procedure was conducted for 40 patients in the equipment repositioning group by SRM-IV vestibular function diagnosis and treatment system, conventional manual repositioning procedure was used for 40 patients in the manual repositioning group, and combination of treatment drugs (alprostadil and safflower injection) with acclimatization training was adopted in 40 patients in the drug therapy group. Results: After 1 week of treatment, the cure rate and total effective rate in the equipment repositioning group and the manual repositioning group were significantly higher than those in drug therapy group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 100.0% in the equipment-repositioning group and 92.5% in manual repositioning group; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The success rate of one-time treatment of anterior semicircular canal BPPV, posterior semicircular canal BPPV and lateral semicircular canal BPPV in the equipment-repositioning group were higher than those in the manual repositioning group were. Conclusion: The SRM-IV vestibular function diagnosis and treatment system are helpful in achieving effective and standard diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13341 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13341/5970

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 757 758 Gulnur DOSZHANOVA Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan Aigul ABDULDAYEVA Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan Kulsara DOSMAMBETOVA Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13362 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13362/5986

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 742 749 Peyvand BIGLARI Dept. of Biology Biosystematics, Faculty of Modern Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran Hasan BAKHSHI Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Sadegh CHINIKAR Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Hamid BELQEISZADEH Dept. of Parasitology and Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran Masoud GHAFFARI Veterinary Office of Golpayegan, Isfahan, Iran Siavash JAVAHERIZADEH Dept. of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran Faezeh FAGHIHI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zakkyeh TELMADARRAIY Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13  Background: This study was carried out to determine the infestation of domestic ruminants to ticks in an important livestock-rearing region, located in central part of Iran. Methods: Ticks were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats and then were identified with appropriate identification keys to species level in two different ecological regions of plains and mountain in 4 seasons in 2015. Results: Totally 492 ticks from cattle, sheep, and goats in 34 herds were collected. Totally, 18.53% of domestic animals were infected by ticks. All ticks were belonged to family Ixodidae and classified into three genera and six species comprising Hyalomma anatolicum (38.83%), Hy. Asiaticum (23.37%), Hy. marginatum (2.85%), Hy. sp. (3.45%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.02%) and Haemaphysalis sulcata (10.98%). Sex ratio of the collected specimens showed 241 (48.99%) male, 219 (44.51%) female and 32 (6.5%) nymph Conclusion: Studied area is important for production of livestock and dairy products. Annually, many livestock products are exported to other parts from this region; therefore, it is very important to identify the infection rate of tick-borne diseases as well as safety factors on livestock.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13359/5983

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 648 657 Jeong Eun MOON Chosun Nursing College, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Keum Seong JANG College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, Gwangju, Republic of Korea 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: To improve efficient and systematic management and following of healthcare-associated infection guidelines, the relationship among various factors must be understood. Efforts should be made to strengthen or reduce relevant factors. We developed a structural equation model for following HAI-control guidelines Methods: Overall, 388 Korean registered nurses participated in this study and data collection was conducted Jul 21-Aug 31, 2014 using a self-reported questionnaire, and 392 of 400 copies were collected (98% recovery rate). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability, and Pearson’s coefficient. Model identification evaluation was conducted by goodness-of-fit index and impact analysis. Results: Results of goodness-of-fit of modified model were as follows: χ2=120.57 (df=16, P<.001), GFI (Goodness of Fit Index)=.95, RMSEA (Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation)=.10, SRMR (Standardizes Root-Mean-Square residual)=.06, NFI (Normal Fir Index)=.90, CFI (Comparative Fit Index)=.90. Factors with a statistically significant direct impact on behavioral intention are as follows; perceived behavior control (β=.35, P=.008), subjective norm (β=.27, P=.002), and job demands (β=-.08, P=.083). Organizational factors directly influenced following guidelines. Explanatory power of organizational factors on guideline compliance was greatest (C.R. [Critical Ratio] =5.67, P<.001). Conclusion: Supportive leadership and a positive organizational culture development strategy are essential. The hospital leader group should provide adequate resources to facilitate compliance with guidelines as well as create an atmosphere of on-site support that ensures guidelines will be followed, and engage in continuous monitoring and feedback regarding following of guidelines.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13342 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13342/5971

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 759 761 Bang Sub LEE Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Eun-Ju CHOI Dept. of Physical Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13363 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13363/5987

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 658 665 Lei WANG Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China Tongqing WANG Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China Jian LIU Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China Jizheng WANG Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to explore the correlation of ED with LUTS and its clinical features. Methods: Overall, 400 outpatients and inpatients with LUTS diagnosed in Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected. LUTS degree was assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and ED degree was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The correlation of ED with LUTS degree, age, blood lipids, homocysteine (Hcy) and other factors was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of ED in patients with LUTS was 82.25%. With the increase in age, the prevalence of ED was significantly elevated, and ED degree gradually became higher (P<0.01). The higher the degree