Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 238 246 Suwei YUAN School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China AND China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Wenwei LIU School of Philosophy, Law and Political Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China Fengqing WEI Department of Quality Control, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China Haichen ZHANG School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Suping WANG School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Weijun ZHU School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Jin MA School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 2019 02 05 Background: China has implemented numerous pilots to shift its hospital payment mechanism from the traditional retrospective cost-based system to prospective diagnosis-related-group (DRG) -based system. This study investigated the impact of the DRG payment reform with global budget in Zhongshan, China. Methods: A total of 2895 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were selected from local two largest tertiary hospitals, among which 727 were discharged prior to the payment reform and 2168 afterwards. Difference-in-difference (DID) regression models were used to evaluate the policy effects on patients’ percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) use, hospital expenditures, in-hospital mortality, and readmission rates within 30 days after discharge. Results: Patients’ PCI use and hospital expenditures increased quickly after the payment reform. With patients with no local insurance scheme as reference, PCI use for local insured patients decreased significantly by 4.55 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.72), meanwhile the total hospital expenses decreased significantly by US$986.10 (b=-0.15, P=0.0037) after reform. No changes were observed with patients’ hospital mortality and readmission rates in our study. Conclusion: The innovative DRG-based payment reform in Zhongshan suggested a positive effect on AMI patient’s cost containment but negative effect on encouraging resource use. It had no impacts on patients’ care quality. Cost shifting consequence from the insured to the uninsured was observed. More evidence of the impacts of the DRG-based payment in China’s health scenario is needed before it is generalized nationwide.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16142 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16142/6280

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 05 189 197 Zhaowei ZHANG Department of Pharmacy, Jin Hua Municipal Central Hospital, Jin Hua 32100, China Chunlin CHEN College of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering, Yi Chun University, Yi Chun 336000, China Shiwen LV Department of Pharmacy, Jin Hua Municipal Central Hospital, Jin Hua 32100, China Yalan ZHU Department of Pharmacy, Jin Hua Municipal Central Hospital, Jin Hua 32100, China Tianzi FANG Department of Pharmacy, Jin Hua Municipal Central Hospital, Jin Hua 32100, China 2019 02 05 Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) could improve the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy. Whether the calcium channel blockers (CCBs) could be as effective as ACEIs on treating diabetic nephropathy is controversial. Here, we aimed to compare the efficacy of ACEIs with CCBs on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The Pubmed, Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Database were searched up to July 2017 for eligible randomized clinical trials studies. Effect sizes were summarized as mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (P-value<0.05). Results: Seven RCTs involving 430 participants comparing ACEIs with CCBs were included. No benefit was seen in comparative group of ACEIs on systolic blood pressure（SBP） (MD=1.05 mmHg; 95% CI: -0.97 to 3.08, P=0.31), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD= -0.34 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.2 to 0.51, P=0.43), urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER) (MD=1.91μg/min; 95% CI: -10.3 to 14.12, P=0.76), 24-h urine protein (24-UP) (SMD=-0.26; 95%CI: -0.55 to 0.03, P=0.08), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (SMD=0.01; 95% CI: -0.38 to 0.41, P=0.95). On safety aspect, the risk of adverse reactions between ACEIs group and CCBs group are similar (RR=1.18; 95% CI: 0.61 to 2.28; P=0.61). Conclusion: Both ACEIs and CCBs could improve the BP, UAER, 24h-UP, and GFR of diabetic nephropathy to a similar extent.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16137 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16137/6275

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 16180 16180 Dariush D FARHUD Editor-in-Chief 2019 02 06 As usual to each New Year, the annual review of Iran J Public Health, hereby is presented for the year 2018. Besides, this editorial will compare the trend of whole publication process during 2015-2018. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16180 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16180/6305

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 345 346 Kewwan KIM Division of Exercise and Health Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea David R. MULLINEAUX School of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom Kyoungkyu JEON Division of Exercise and Health Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea AND Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2019 02 05 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16157 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16157/6293

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 247 255 Agung Dwi LAKSONO National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jl. Percetakan Negara 29, Jakarta, Indonesia AND Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia *Ratna Dwi WULANDARI Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Oedojo SOEDIRHAM Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2019 02 05 Background: Equal access to healthcare facilities, patient’s satisfaction, and respect for the desire of the patient were recognized as the basic principles of each of the health care system. Each person must be given the opportunity to access health services in accordance with the requirements of their health. We aimed to prove the existence of disparities hospital utilization based on the category of urban-rural areas. Methods: The research used the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RKD) as analysis material, that was designed a cross-sectional survey. With the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 722,329 respondents were obtained. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression tests. Results: The results showed adults living in urban were likely to use hospital outpatient facilities 1.246 times higher than adults living in rural areas (OR 1.246; 95% CI 1.026 – 1.030). The likelihood of utilizing at the same time outpatient and inpatient facilities at 1.134 times higher in adults living in urban than those in rural areas (OR 1.134; 95% CI 1.025 - 1.255). While for the category of hospital inpatient utilization, there was no significant difference. Conclusion: There was a disparity in hospital utilization between urban-rural areas. Urban show better utilization than rural areas in outpatient and at the same time the use of inpatient care.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16143 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16143/6281

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 198 205 Ricvan Dana NINDREA Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia AND Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia Teguh ARYANDONO Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Lutfan LAZUARDI Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Iwan DWIPRAHASTO Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogya-karta, Indonesia 2019 02 05 Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women not only in world but also in Malays ethnicity between Malaysia and Indonesia. Breast cancer has varying incidence in every country, but genetic factor by family history influence the incidence of breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine family history of breast cancer and breast cancer risk between Malays ethnicity in Malaysia and Indonesia. Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted on published research articles on family history of breast cancer and breast cancer risk between Malays ethnicity in Malaysia and Indonesia published between Jan 1999 and Jul 2018 in the online article databases of PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated with fixed and random-effect models. Publication bias was visually evaluated by using funnel plots and statistically assessed through Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Data were processed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) and Stata version 14.2 (Stata Corporation). Results: We reviewed 1123 articles. There are 10 studies with number of samples 4511 conducted a systematic review and continued with Meta-analysis of relevant data. The results showed significant association between family history of breast cancer with breast cancer risk in Malays ethnicity in Malaysia and Indonesia (OR = 3.34 [95% CI 2.68-4.15, P<0.00001]). There was not significant publication bias for studies included in family history of breast cancer and breast cancer risk in Malays ethnicity in Malaysia and Indonesia Conclusion: This analysis confirmed the association of family history of breast cancer and breast cancer risk between Malays ethnicity in Malaysia and Indonesia.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16138 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16138/6276

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 347 349 Yong-Keum CHOI Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Ganwondo 25457, Republic of Korea Yoonhee KIM Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Ganwondo 25457, Republic of Korea Jung-Hui SON Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Ganwondo 25457, Republic of Korea Jin-Sun CHOI Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Ganwondo 25457, Republic of Korea 2019 02 05 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16158 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16158/6294

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 2 2019 02 01 256 261 Shuming WEI Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China Shengde LI Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China He DONG Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China Wenming XIAO Department of Oncology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian 271000, P.R. China Mingsheng LI Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China Haichen CHU Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China 2019 02 05 Background: We intended to investigate the effects of lung protective ventilation on the cognitive function level of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Overall, 132 patients with esophageal cancer admitted to Taian Central Hospital, Taian China from January 2013 to January 2017 were enrolled in the study. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group, 66 cases each. All patients underwent general anesthesia for thoracoscopic esophageal cancer radical operation, and lung protective ventilation and conventional positive pressure ventilation were used respectively. The levels of SOD, NSE and MDA, MMSE score and WMS memory quotient in the blood of the elbow vein were compared between the two groups at different times. Results: The levels of SOD and MMSE in the observation group at T2 and T3 were higher than those in the control group, and the NSE and MDA levels were 2018 04 23 606 607 Laura ENDRES Dept. of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Diana UIVAROȘAN Dept. of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Delia MIRELA ŢIŢ Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Ovidiu POP Dept. of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Simona BUNGĂU Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Camelia BUHAȘ Dept. of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13165 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13165/5961

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 499 509 Dwi Sarwani Sri REJEKI Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia Nunung NURHAYATI Dept. of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia Budi AJI Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia E. Elsa Herdiana MURHANDARWATI Center for Tropical Medicine and Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Hari KUSNANTO Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: Climatic and weather factors become important determinants of vector-borne diseases transmission like malaria. This study aimed to prove relationships between weather factors with considering human migration and previous case findings and malaria cases in endemic areas in Purworejo during 2005-2014. Methods: This study employed ecological time series analysis by using monthly data. The independent variables were the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, maximum humidity, minimum humidity, precipitation, human migration, and previous malaria cases, while the dependent variable was positive malaria cases. Three models of count data regression analysis i.e. Poisson model, quasi-Poisson model, and negative binomial model were applied to measure the relationship. The least Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) value was also performed to find the best model. Negative binomial regression analysis was considered as the best model. Results: The model showed that humidity (lag 2), precipitation (lag 3), precipitation (lag 12), migration (lag1) and previous malaria cases (lag 12) had a significant relationship with malaria cases. Conclusion: Weather, migration and previous malaria cases factors need to be considered as prominent indicators for the increase of malaria case projection.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13144 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13144/5947

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 608 609 George IMATAKA Dept. of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Dept. of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13166 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13166/5962

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 510 518 Shubei ZHENG Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Yu ZHENG Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Lingwei JIN Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Zhihong ZHOU Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Zhanyuan LI Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum soluble Klotho protein (sKlotho) level and coronary artery calcification (CAC) as well as prognosis in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: Overall, 128 adult patients with end-stage renal failure treated with MHD were collected in the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China in 2013. Serum sKlotho was detected by ELISA and coronary artery calcification was measured by multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). With 36 months' follow-up, death notes such as cause of death and death time were recorded. Results: Patients were divided into low sKlotho group and high sKlotho group. Age, blood phosphorus level, hypertension incidence and incidence of diabetes mellitus of the patients in low sKlotho group was significantly higher than that of high sKlotho group (P<0.05). The coronary artery calcification score (CACs) of patients in high sKlotho group was significantly lower than that of low sKlotho group (P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that the decrease of sKlotho level (P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for CAC progression. The mortality of the patients in low sKlotho group was higher than that of high sKlotho group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve had shown that survival time of the patients in low sKlotho group was significantly lower than that of high sKlotho group (P<0.05). Conclusion: SKlotho can increase the degree of CAC. Although MHD patients with low sKlotho level had shorter survival time, sKlotho is not an independent risk factor in prediction of prognosis of MHD patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13145 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13145/5948

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 610 612 Monica NAVARRO-MEZA Molecular Biology Chronic Illness Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico AND Nutrition and Nutritional Behavior Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Karina Anai GARCIA-CAMACHO Nutrition and Nutritional Behavior Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Felipe SANTOYO-TELLES South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Antonio LÓPEZ-ESPINOZA Nutrition and Nutritional Behavior Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Omar ARROYO-HELGUERA Ecology and Health Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13167 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13167/5963

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 519 530 Chao-Hsien LEE Dept. of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan Shu-Chen CHENG Dept. of Cancer Registry Division, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Hong-Yi TUNG Dept. of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan AND Dept. of General Surgery, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Shih-Chang CHANG Dept. of Colorectal Surgery, Division of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Ching-Yun CHING Dept. of Nursing, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Shu-Fen WU Dept. of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan AND Dept. of Nursing, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan AND Dept. of Nursing, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries. The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Taiwan is rising. We aimed to determine the five-yr survival rate of patients diagnosed with CRC and determine factors affecting survival. Methods: All patients were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Data Base of the Medical Center Hospital in North Taiwan from 2007 to 2013. Data were collected using medical records and the cancer database. In all, 869 patients with CRC were included. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and differences between the curves were analyzed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze survival by each variable. Results: The five-yr survival rate and the mean survival time after cancer diagnosis were 68.7% and 71.27±1.27 months. Perineural nerve invasion, distant metastasis, age, pathological differentiation grade, obstruction and regional lymph node metastasis were found to be independent predictors of the survival and prognosis of patients with CRC. Conclusion: Perineural nerve invasion was an important factor related to the survival of CRC patients. Thus, the earlier detection of CRC might help improve survival.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13146 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13146/5949

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 613 614 Pendru RAGHUNATH Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13168 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13168/5964

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 531 537 Fen XUE Special Ward 1, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China Fang HUANG Special Ward 1, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on nutrient status of perioperative patients with lung cancer. Methods: Overall, 176 lung cancer patients admitted to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai China from 2015 to 2016 were divided into control group (n=88) and study group (n=88). Conventional nursing strategy was adopted for patients in control group, while psychological nursing strategy was implemented for those in the study group, and the specific nursing efficiency was compared between the two groups. In addition to the assessment with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 36 (QLQ-C30), patients were required to fulfill the evaluations with nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Results: After nursing care, significant amelioration in scores of SCL-90 and QLQ-C30 of patients were seen in the study group (P<0.05). In the study group, the scores of NRS2002 and PG-SGA were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). Besides, PG-SGA score was also significantly correlated with the levels of serum total proteins, serum albumin, hemoglobin, reduction in diet and weight (P<0.01), while only reduction in diet and weight was obviously correlated with the score of NRS2002 (P<0.01). Moreover, a significant correlation was identified between the scores of PG-SGA and NRS2002 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Psychological intervention could effectively alleviate the psychological stress response and ameliorate the nutrient status of lung cancer patients in perioperative period, thereby reducing the negative feelings and increasing the life quality of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13147 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13147/5950

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 615 617 Junhua CAO Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Center for Cultivation of Morals and Basic Law, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China Jue FU College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China Benxian YAO College of Teacher Education, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China Yuesong ZHANG Center for Cultivation of Morals and Basic Law, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China 2019 06 02 Background: The work stress of civil servants has gradually increased as a result of the modernization of China’s national governance system and capacity. However, research on the correlations among work stressors, work stress responses, and subjective well-being (SWB) of civil servants is scarce. Methods: In accordance with the current research status on work stress and SWB, a survey of 874 civil servants in China was carried out from May to June 2018. The revised stress response questionnaire of civil servants, work stressors questionnaire of civil servants, and a simplified edition of the SWB scale of China’s urban residents were used in this study. Results: Superiors impose the major work pressure on civil servants, followed by interpersonal relationship, work particularity, career prospect, work task, perfectionism, and job responsibility. The work stressors of civil servants were significantly related to gender, age, marital status, working years, educational background, and position (P<0.05). The work stressors of civil servants were significantly positively correlated with work stress responses (P<0.05). The work stressors and work stress responses had a significantly negative correlation with SWB. Conclusion: SWB can be accurately predicted by work stressors and work stress responses. These findings can provide references and guidance for the society and government sectors to accurately understand and cope with the treatment of civil servants, formulate work stress management countermeasures, and create a high-level working environment for civil servants.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17342 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17342/6410

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1187 1188 Maryam KIANISADR Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran 2019 06 03 Airport Site Selection of Tehran, Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17374 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17374/6432

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1068 1073 Shudong LIN Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Xiujing YANG Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Ying XING Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Xingye WANG Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China Yadong LI Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, P.R. China 2019 06 02 Background: We aimed to investigate the clinical value of detecting 14 food intolerances. Methods: A total of 312 patients with food intolerance enrolled in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University (Qiqihar, China) from Feb 2016 to Feb 2017 were selected. ELISA was used to detect intolerance specific IgG antibodies for 14 foods (pork, chicken, beef, shrimp, fish, crab, egg white/yolk, tomato, mushroom, milk, corn, rice, soybean, wheat). Results: The highest average positive rate of the patients was 42.31% for the crab, followed by shrimp 21.15%, egg white/yolk 18.27% and milk 16.99%. The positive rate from high to low was crab, shrimp, egg white/yolk, milk, fish, corn, soybeans, tomatoes, rice, mushrooms, wheat, pork, beef, chicken. There were significant differences in the specific IgG antibody positive rates between shrimp, soybean and wheat in the skin symptoms group, gastrointestinal symptoms group, respiratory symptom group and nervous system symptom group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the positive rate of specific IgG antibodies between shrimp, crab and egg white/yolk in the adolescent group, the middle-aged group and the elderly group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The detection of food-specific IgG antibodies can help to determine which food intolerance caused the disease, and then adopt a fasting or diet method to avoid eating unsuitable foods and continually damaging the body, thus maintaining good health. The detection method provides a new idea for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17343 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17343/6411

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1189 1190 Reza SHOKOOHI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad Taghi SAMADI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Manoochehr KARAMI Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Razieh KHAMUTIAN Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2019 06 03 The Necessity of Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits Using Hazard Index among Consumers https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17375 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17375/6433

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1074 1081 Fatemeh TOORANG Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahareh SASANFAR Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soodeh RAZEGHI JAHROMI Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soraiya EBRAHIMPOUR KOUJAN Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saba NARMCHESHM Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali RAFEI Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kazem ZENDEHDEL Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: This study described validity of Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) for assessing energy and nutrient intake among Iranian population. Methods: A group of experienced nutritionists translated the DHQ to Farsi language and modified it based on Iranian food habits and cooking methods. We recruited 244 healthy adults with a mean age of 42.83 ± 0.75 yrs. from healthy individuals who were friends or relatives of patients in the Cancer Institute of Iran from April 2011 to February 2012. We used the DHQ to assess dietary intakes through interviews as well as at least four 24-h recalls one in every season. Reliability was estimated by comparing data of DHQ with mean intake from 24-hour recalls using deattenuated and energy-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients. We classified dietary intakes of two methods into three groups to probe if DHQ correctly allocates subjects into different intake groups compared to reference method. The results are reported as percent of disagreement, adjacent agreement, and complete agreement. Results: Deattenuated spearman correlation ranged from 0.18 for vitamin B12 and fat to 0.60 for sugar. It ranged from 0.13 for pantothenic acid to 0.60 for sugar in men and from 0.07 for fat to 0.58 for sugar in females. The complete agreement of methods ranged from 51% for selenium to 36% for carotene in the entire sample, from 50% for energy to 31% for niacin in males and from 49% for sugar to 27% for vitamin B12 in females. Conclusion: The DHQ is a valid tool for assessing most nutrients intake among Iranian population. In addition, it is a proper instrument in categorizing individuals based on their dietary intakes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17344 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17344/6412

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1082 1090 Mostafa ENAYATRAD Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Parvin YAVARI Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh ETEMAD Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sohila KHODAKARIM Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh MAHDAVI Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: In this study, we used a variety of factors that affect urbanization in Iran to evaluate different provinces in Iran in terms of the level of urbanization. Methods: Using information from census 2011, we collected data on 33 indicators related to urbanization in 31 provinces in Iran. To rank the provinces we used density-based hierarchical clustering scheme. To determine similarities or differences between the provinces, the square of the Euclidean distance dissimilarity coefficient; Ward’s algorithm was used to merge the provinces to minimize intra-cluster variance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variance between the variables used to rank the provinces in terms of different levels of urbanization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The provinces in Iran were combined with each other in 30 stages and classified into four levels. Taking into account the variables used to rank the level of urbanization, Tehran, and Alborz provinces were at the highest level of urbanization. On the other hand, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Kerman, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr were at the lowest level of urbanization. Conclusion: Identification of provinces at the same level of urbanization can help us to discover the strengths and weaknesses in the infrastructures of each of them. Given the differences between various levels of urbanization, the identification of factors that are effective in the process of urbanization can help to access more information required for designing plans for the years to come.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17345 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17345/6413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1091 1098 Reza ZEIDABADINEZHAD Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan VATANDOOST Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ABAI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Navid DINPARAST DJADID Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Abbasali RAZ Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi SEDAGHAT Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Ali OSHAGHI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad RAEISI Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Neda ADIBI Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Some mosquito species which belong to the Culex. pipiens complex are primary vectors for West Nile virus, Sindbis, Dirofilaria immitis, and many arboviruses. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of Cx. pipiens that is inherited, is one of the important threats for the efficacy of pyrethroids insecticides. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation, L1014F, is a well-defined mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in many insect species. The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms of Insecticide resistance in this species Methods: Specimens of Cx. pipiens, the major vector of West Nile virus, were obtained in Tehran, Iran by collecting larvae from polluted wastewater in Qarchak of Tehran. In 2016 Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed according to WHO methods with deltamethrin 0.05%. We focused on determination of this point mutation in the VGSC gene of Cx. pipiens by Real-time PCR. Results: Our results revealed high levels of resistance to deltamethrin 0.05%. The lethal times i.e. LT50 and LT90 for deltamethrin were 2.1530 and 8.5117 h respectively. The result of Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of resistant genotype in all the members of tested population. This study is the first report on kdr genotyping of Cx. pipiens from Tehran and our results on the VGSC gene in position L1014F confirmed the TTA to TTT nucleotide change. Conclusion: This finding will provide a clue for management of insecticide resistance in mosquito which are vectors of arboviruses and decision for replacement of novel approach for vector control.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17346/6414

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1099 1105 Farzaneh AMINHARATI Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Hassan EHRAMPOUSH Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Mehdi SOLTAN DALLAL Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi YASERI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Ali DEHGHANI TAFTI Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Zahra RAJABI Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: The aim of this study was to assess associations of Citrobacter freundii foodborne outbreaks with environmental factors in various regions of Yazd Province, Iran, 2012–2016. Methods: The public health surveillance data were used for one period of five years reported foodborne disease outbreaks in various regions of the Province. Multilevel regression statistical method was used to analyze associations of climatic and demographic variables with outbreaks. Significant associations were tested using likelihood ratio tests. Results: Results showed a significant association between C. freundii outbreaks and air dust conditions, age groups and various regional cities. Conclusion: The current study revealed necessity of etiologic agent identification for use in foodborne disease outbreak guidance in future outbreaks. Systemic surveillance schemes can help prevent and control similar scenarios using reports of environmental effects on foodborne disease outbreaks.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17347 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17347/6415

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1106 1115 Somaye YOSAEE Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran AND Department of Nutrition, Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Mahmoud KHODADOST Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran Alireza ESTEGHAMATI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran John R. SPEAKMAN State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China AND Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK Kurosh DJAFARIAN Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida BITARAFAN Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Farzad SHIDFAR Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, consider as a manifestation of obesity. However, a proportion of obese patients do not develop MetS. The aim of our study was to determine whether concentration of plasma adiponectin and leptin differ between metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) patients and comparable age- and sex-matched control groups. Methods: In this case-control study, we assigned 51 obese patients with MetS (MUO) in cases group and 102 metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects matched for age and gender to cases in control groups. The study was conducted between December 2014 and February 2016 in the Endocrinology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.  We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, their ratio, and body composition in all subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed between MHO and MUO in term of total fat mass and trunk fat (P>0.05). Compared to MHO and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects, MUO subjects had lower levels of plasma adiponectin (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio (P<0.001) and a higher level of plasma leptin (P<0.002). A Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was used to identify the ability of adiponectin and leptin level to predict the MetS. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was 0.66 (P<0.01), 0.73 (P<0.001) and 0.75 (P<0.001) for leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio levels respectively. Conclusion: Our study introduced adiponectin and leptin as indicator of MetS and obesity respectively.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17349 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17349/6416

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1116 1123 Nahid RAMEZANGHORBANI Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz HAJIABEDIN RANGRAZ Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Rosemarie NOOT HEIDARI Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Web is considered an important tool for formal and informal communication and cooperation among members of the community including researchers. Universities’ websites played a significant role in the development of social structure through the creation of cyberspace. We aimed to evaluate the growth and Webometrics rankings of the country’s medical universities web sites base on interventional approach. Methods: This interventional study assessed Iranian universities of medical sciences’ websites from the periods of Jan 2015, Jul 2015 and Jan 2016. Medical universities websites were ranked based on four Webometrics indicators; PRESENCE, VISIBILITY, OPENNESS, and EXCELLENCE. To enhance the ranking of websites, 4 strategies were introduced in 3 seminars conducted from Jan to Jul 2015. Information needed from these 30 medical universities were obtained from Webometrics Ranking of World Universities based on 4 indicators and were collected in 2 steps (before and after introduction of strategies) Results: About 21% to 70% of the country’s medical universities have increased ranking after the interventions while 9% to 30% obtained a downward trend in their rankings, Tehran University of Medical Sciences obtained the highest rank followed by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and the third rank was obtained by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: The presence of websites play a vital role in the academic community. Doubtlessly, the idea of designing and launching a website without any knowledge of the principles and standards would be problematic and impossible.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17350/6417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1124 1132 Morvarid ZARIF-YEGANEH Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona KARGAR Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aarefeh JAFARZADEH KOHNELOO Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kheirollah GHOLAMI Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: Considering the importance of high out-of-pocket (OOP) payment (OOPP), as a marker of health system performance, and affordability of medications in the elderly, this study was conducted to determine these issues. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, prescriptions of patients aged 65 yr or older from 5 university-affiliated pharmacies in Tehran, Iran were evaluated from Jan to Mar 2014. Prescriptions were selected from four insurance organizations. We used the prescriptions data regarding patients’ demographics and the prescribers as well as the sales data for OOP. Affordability was calculated by considering the daily salary of an unskilled worker. Results: Totally, 1467 prescriptions were analyzed. Mean age of patients was 73.89(6.66) yr. Mean (SE) of reimbursable and OOPP of the prescriptions were 203820 (10831) and 230252 (10634) IRR (Iranian Rials) respectively (equivalent to 81.6 (4.33) and 92.17 (4.33) US$ respectively). Subspecialists imposed higher expenditures for patients and insurance organizations. Patients referred to the ophthalmologists paid less OOP. Nearly 50% of the total prescription costs was paid as OOP. The mean OOPP was averagely equal to 1.41(0.065) daily salary. These prescriptions were unaffordable for 36.2% of patients. Conclusion: The OOPP was higher than the insurance goal of 30% for outpatients in Iran. More than one-third of elderly patients could not afford their single prescription. Due to the health consequences of the unaffordability of medications, corrective actions are needed by the insurance organizations and the health system.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17358/6419

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1133 1139 Farhad SHAHRAM Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad KAZEMI Department of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud MAHMOUDI Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh JADALI Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: Both genetic and environmental factors influence, susceptibility to autoimmune disorders including Behcet’s disease (BD). FCRL3 (Fc receptor like 3 genes), a novel immunoregulatory gene, has recently been reported as a new promising candidate gene for general autoimmunity. This study was conducted to explore the potential association of FCRL3 polymorphisms with BD. Methods: This study was conducted from 2010 to 2015 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of FCRL3 (rs7528684, rs11264799, rs945635, and rs3761959) were genotyped in 220 patients and 220 healthy controls. Typing of the polymorphisms in this case-control study was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Analysis of the alleles revealed a significantly lower frequency of the A allele at the -169 site (rs7528684) in BD patients compared with that in controls (P=0.000, 66.4% versus 82%, χ2= 30.23). Moreover, a significant lower frequency of AA genotype and higher frequency of GG genotype was recorded for rs7528684. There was also relationship between posterior uveitis as a clinical sign of disease and polymorphism of allele A at the -169 site (P=0.015). Conclusion: This study revealed a significant difference in both allele and genotype frequency at position -169 of FCRL3 gene between Iranian patients with BD and normal subjects. These data suggest FCRL3 gene polymorphisms might be the autoimmunity risk factor for BD.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17360/6420

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1140 1148 Hossein DARGAHI Health Information Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali DARRUDI Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rostam ZALVAND Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Background: We aimed to determine strength, weakness, opportunities and threats analysis and intended to present strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats matrix model for appropriate implementation of Family medicine program in Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. All attending physicians in 30 health care centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were asked to present and prioritized their views about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats factors of