Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1244 1252 Hongsheng REN Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Bo SONG Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, Taishan Medical University Affiliated Zouping Hospital, Zouping, China Pengcheng LI Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Cheng HUAN Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Yufeng CHU Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Min DING Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Yuping WANG Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Qingchun YAO Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Peng WANG Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Guoqiang QI Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China Chunting WANG Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Background: We explored the effects of high-volume hemofiltration(HVHF) by different ultrasound directing on the plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-Pro-BNP), extra vascular lung water index (EVLWI), liquid net balance quantity and prognosis in patients with septic shock. Methods: Overall, 107 intensive patients with septic shock were enrolled by retrospective analysis from Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University from 2014-2017. According to HVHF by different ultrasound directing, all the patients were divided into two groups ((ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM), group A, n=51cases)) and ((critical bedside ultrasound (CBU), group B, n=56cases)). Results: The value of CI in group A had a significant positive correlation with the value of PCCI by the PiCCO2 monitoring (P＜0.05). The lung ultrasound water B lines in group B also had a significant positive correlation with the value of EVLWI by the PiCCO2 monitoring. The cumulative liquid net balance quantity in group B had a more significant elevation than group A after treatment 7th d. The level of EVLWI after treatment 48 h and 72 h, the level of plasma NT-Pro-BNP, the levels of P(A-a)DO2,OI and blood lactic after treatment 72 h, and the APACHEⅡ scores and SOFA scores after treatment 7thd were reduced more significantly in group B than group A (P<0.001). The mortality at 28th day had a more significant decrease in group B than group A. Conclusion: It could decrease the level of NT-Pro-BNP, EVLWI, P(A-a)DO2,which then improves pulmonary oxygenation. Consequently, it decreased the APACHEⅡand SOFA scores and improved the 28th survival rate of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14575 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14575/6105

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1234 1243 Xiao-Fang WANG Division of Preschool Health, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China Jiao LU Dept. of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Xiao-Xia LIU Dept. of Library, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China Ting DAI Dept. of Public Health, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Background: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a widespread communicable disease and has caused large epidemics in many countries. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze and evaluate the epidemiological features of HFMD outbreaks in Chinese preschools. Methods: Literature review was based on PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases from 2008 to 2015. The temporal, spatial and demographic parameters were summarized and analyzed. Results: Overall, 19 studies with a total of 11269 HFMD cases were selected for data synthesis and analysis. April, May, June and July were detected as the peak months of HFMD outbreaks, with the pooled rate of 21% (95% CI: 12%-34%), 23% (95% CI: 19%-27%), 20% (95% CI: 17%-24%) and 11% (95% CI: 7%-15%). Urban areas were at a higher risk of suffering from HFMD outbreaks than rural areas, with the pooled rate of 65% (95% CI: 48%-78%) and 35% (95% CI: 22%-52%) respectively. The constituent ratio of children aged 37-48 months is the highest, accounting for 46% (95% CI: 39%-53%) of the total cases during HFMD outbreaks. The pooled rate of male cases (60%) was higher than that of female cases (40%). Conclusion: Month, residence, age, and gender may be early risk factors for potential HFMD outbreaks. Before the advent of peak months from Apr to Jul each year, measures should be taken to prevent the HFMD outbreaks among preschool children in China. Preschools located in urban areas should take priority over special prevention. HFMD surveillance should preferentially focus on children aged 37-48 months, especially boys in preschools.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14574 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14574/6104

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1412 1417 Carmen Corina RADU University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania Andreea CAMARASAN University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania Cristina Maria PODILA Legal Medicine Bihor County Service, Oradea, Romania Dan PERJU-DUMBRAVA Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection, caused by a group of Gram-positive bacteria which form the normal flora of oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. We present a rare case met in 2016 at Legal Medicine Bihor County Service, Romania of a 14 yr old boy in infection with Actinomyces israelii was able to produce sudden death. Infection with A. israelii was diagnosed with the help of histological exam, after medico-legal autopsy. Most probably, A. israelii was aspirated from the level of the oropharynx, it arrived into the lungs, and using the haematological way it spread into the heart, causing sudden death.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14598 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14598/6124

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1231 1233 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Dept. of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Ethical, Social & Psychological Challenges of Head Transplantation in Human https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14572 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14572/6103

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1423 1424 Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport and Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea Miyea LEE Dept. of Nursing Science, Chungbuk Health and Science University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28150, Korea Ji-Kang PARK Dept. of Orthopedics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea Hyun-Jung PARK Dept. of Nursing, College of Social Services, Pyeongtaek University, Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi, 17869, Korea 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Combination of Antidepressant and Alcohol Intake as a Potential Risk Factor for Rhabdomyolysis https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14600 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14600/6126

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1405 1411 Samaneh HALVAEE Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roshanak DAIE GHAZVINI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Jamal HASHEMI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ensieh ZIBAFAR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeed YEKANINEJAD Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen GERAMISHOAR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Heidar BAKHSHI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahram MAHMOUDI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasti KAMALI SARVESTANI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Razieh YAGHOUBI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila HOSSEINPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeinab BORJIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Background: Intertrigo is an erythematous inflammatory condition with multiple etiologies including fungi and bacteria. Intertrigo manifests in different clinical forms with various complaints. This study was conducted to evaluate the causative agents of intertriginous infections with emphasize on clinical presentations. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015-2016, on 188 patients with clinical suspicion of superficial and cutaneous intertriginous infections in Tehran, Iran. Demographic and additional related data were obtained by questionnaire from all participants. Specimens were collected by gentle scraping of the affected areas. Direct examination and culture were performed for all specimens and grown colonies were identified based on the macroscopic and microscopic features. Supplementary tests were done whenever needed. Data were analyzed in SPSS. Results: Overall, 80 (42.5%) cases with the mean age of 43.5 yr were confirmed for intertrigo. Dermatophytosis was the predominant cause in this study with 36 (45%) cases followed by erythrasma (28 cases, 35%), tinea versicolor (10 cases, 12.5%) and candidiasis (6 cases, 7.5%). Intertrigo lesions with dermatophytic agents significantly were observed in groin in comparison to different infections among body sites (P<0.05). Itching was the most common clinical presentation (57cases, 71.3%) and also significant association between different infections and clinical manifestations were observed (P<0.05). Conclusion: Different clinical manifestations may be observed in infectious intertrigo. Regarding the significant association observed in this study, some clinical features can be used for presumptive diagnosis of diseases but further studies are required to make it clear.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14597 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14597/6123

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1253 1259 Heeran CHUN Dept. of Health Administration, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Korea Eunhee SHIN Dept. of Nursing Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea 2018 08 29 2018 08 29   Background: In this study, we assessed the secular trends and socioeconomic differentials in menarcheal age among women aged 25-64 year. Methods: Using the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010-2012), bivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used to test the statistical differences between age groups. Results: The mean age at menarche was 14.3 yr with a steep decrease in the younger cohort: from 15.9 yr in 1951-1955 to 13.1 yr in 1986-1990. Height as a proxy marker for early nutrition showed an inverse relationship with menarcheal age. The earlier menarcheal age patterns in women of higher socioeconomic position were observed according to one's education, monthly family ithorough review of the relevant literature, the process of literature screening was conducted in accordance with the aforementioned criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Results: Twelve studies were included, including 1530 cases in the experimental group and 1545 cases in the control group. The literature summarizes the basic information of patients during HSG and makes statistics on the differences in visual analog scale (VAS) and pain perception. The findings from the HSG examination revealed a lack of significant association between patients' pain sensation and their age and BMI. However, the duration of pregnancy in patients decreased following HSG treatment (95%CI (-18.84 to -3.58), P=0.004).Compared with conventional testing, HSG could effectively reduce the pregnancy time of patients (95%CI (-18.84, -3.58), P=0.004), reduce the VAS of patients (95%CI (-4.73, -1.51), P=0.0001), and increase the number of patients without pain (95%CI (1.80, 10.43), P=0.001). Conclusion: During the HSG examination, acceptable pain avoidance is generated and can be relieved over time. At present, there is no effective alternative method, so the patient should cooperate with the doctor to complete the examination, to relieve the pain. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31315 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31315/8153

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 493 494 Seji Ahn 1. Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 4. Functional Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Seoungeun Lee Department of Nursing, Kyung-In Women’s College, Incheon, Republic of Korea Kyoungkyu Jeon 1. Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 4. Functional Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2022 07 26 2022 09 02 No Abstract No Abstract  No Abstract  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29413 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29413/8177

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 367 375 Jeonga Kwon Department of Elementary Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea Yeon Taek Kwon Department of Sports Science, Hongik University, Sejong, Korea 2023 11 29 2024 01 30 Background: We investigated whether physical activity, subjective body image, and perceived stress were linked to watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts among Korean adolescents. Adolescents mainly watch Mukbang and Cookbang shows through media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Methods: We examined data on 51,743 Korean adolescents who participated in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2022. Data were evaluated using frequency, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Specifically, the relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts and physical activity participation, subjective body image, and perceived stress was evaluated through a multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates such as sex, age, school type, and residential area. Results: The results showed that among Korean adolescents, watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts was significantly related to the negative effects of feeling fatter and more stressed and the positive effect of greater participation in physical activities (possibly to combat feeling fat) (P<0.05). In other words, this study confirms that watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts has the simultaneous effect of increased physical activity participation in conjunction with negative subjective body images.  Moreover, it increased perceived stress in adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescents must be better educated about Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts and their negative impact on subjective body image and perceived stress (as well as their positive impact on physical activity). Such education can help prevent these shows from creating negative teenage habits that can continue into adulthood. These results can be used as basic data for health education and policies that warn about the potential negative effects of such programs.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33916 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33916/8162

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 280 292 EN Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammadreza Mirzaei Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Parinaz Kalejahi Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2022 11 10 2023 07 05 Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Stimulants as a first-line treatment are not effective in some cases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Persian Iranian medicine (TIM) for children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Data were collected mainly from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus databases until Dec 2022. The keywords related to ADHD, traditional Persian medicine (TPM), and (TIM) were searched. Two reviewers independently screened 714 abstracts and eventually, eight trials were included in the systematic reviews. Changes in the severity of ADHD symptoms were considered based on the validated cutoff on recognized rating scales as the result of the effect of TIM on ADHD. Results: Interventions included herbal extracts of Passiflora incarnate, whey protein, Ginkgo biloba, Crocus sativus L, sweet almond syrup, and horse milk. In all studies, except G. biloba, there was evidence of a reduction in the severity of ADHD. Low evidence could be found for G. biloba. Conclusion: Herbal and traditional remedies are an efficient and safe solution to alleviate the symptoms of ADHD. In future studies, TIM as a complementary therapy may be useful to alleviate ADHD symptoms, especially in children who are resistant to stimulant medications.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30315 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30315/8154

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 376 386 Haiyan Zhang Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Quan Qiu Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Qingya Li Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Long Feng Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Dongyang Li Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Miao Zhang Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Juan Wang Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Suna Ma Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Liran Xu Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China 2023 07 03 2023 11 01 Background: We aimed to distinguish the different Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients at the proteomics level. Methods: We collected AIDS patients diagnosed with different CM syndromes from Weishi County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China, including Qi-deficiency syndrome (named QD group) and dampness-heat syndrome (named DH group). Healthy people were collected as controls from Weishi County, Kaifeng city, Henan Province, China. The plasma from three groups were labeled with ITRAQ, LC/MC was used for protein quantitative analysis. Finally, sequence search and cluster analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 27 different proteins were found. Three proteins were up-regulated and 2 proteins down-regulated in the QD group, 11 proteins up-regulated and 13 proteins down-regulated in the DH group. Compared with DH group, there were 7 different proteins in QD group, among which 5 proteins were down-regulated and 2 proteins were up-regulated. When the target protein of DH group was up-regulated, the protein of HC group was down-regulated correspondingly. Conclusion: The significance analysis and clustering of protein results showed that DH group was significantly different from QD group and HC group at the protein level (P<0.05). However, the QD group could not be effectively distinguished from the HC group. AAT, PF4, C-reactive protein and c4bp may be used as potential biomarkers in DH group. Mass spectrometry based on feature selection can be used to classify different CM syndromes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32542 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32542/8163

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 293 304 Qiusha Li School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Zixuan Zhao School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Chunxiao Yang School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Zhongming Chen School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Wenqiang Yin School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China 2023 06 12 2023 08 16 Background: The elderly represents the population group with the highest rate of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior has an adverse impact on the elderly, which might be related to depression. Methods: We queried PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and MEDLINE to collect literature data. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were adopted for the pooled measurements. Sub-group analyses were conducted through stratified meta-analyses based on study design, depression indicator, adjustment for physical activity, sedentary behavior indicator, and type. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results, and publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot. Results: Seven cross-sectional studies and five cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. The overall pooled OR was 1.38 (95%CI: 1.16–1.65; P < 0.01), which indicated that sedentary behavior was positively associated with depression in older adults. Sub-group analysis showed that different study designs, depression indicators, sedentary behavior indicators, adjustment for physical activity, sedentary behavior indicator, and type produced different results. In the cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.15–1.84), CES-D scale (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.13–2.10), self-reported (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.04–1.87), watching TV (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.02–3.02), and not adjusted for physical activity (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.14–1.65) groups, there was a strong correlation between sedentary behavior and depression in the elderly. Conclusion: Sedentary behavior is asSedentary behaviorsociated with depression in the elderly. As a preventive strategy, we should consider reducing their sedentary time and appropriately increasing physical activity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32277 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32277/8155

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 387 396 Slavica Djordjevic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Igor Dimitrijevic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Katarina Boricic Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut“, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic 1. Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 3. Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ivana Simic Vukomanovic 1. Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olgica Mihaljevic Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sofija Jovanovic Faculty of Medicine, University Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Nevena Randjelovic 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Center for Internal Oncology, Kragujevac, Serbia Ana Lackovic Health Center "Dr Milutin Ivković" Palilula, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana Knezevic 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Health Center Kraljevo, Kraljevo, Serbia Veroslava Stankovic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nis, Kruševac, Serbia Marija Sorak Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Verica Jovanovic Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut“, Belgrade, Serbia 2023 11 26 2024 01 30 Background: Approximately 2.3 million female breast cancer cases were identified globally in 2020, resulting in 685,000 fatalities among women. Serbia too experiences a high breast cancer burden. Effective reduction of breast cancer incidence and mortality necessitates strategic measures encompassing the implementation of cost-effective screening technology. However, various impediments to screening implementation persist. We aimed to estimate the impact of socioeconomic factors on breast cancer screening in Serbia. Methods: Data from the 2019 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia was. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional analytical study by design, on a representative sample of the population of Serbia. Data from women aged 15+ yr were used to examine the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with breast cancer screening inequalities. Results: In Serbia the age group of women who predominantly participated in organized breast cancer screening (39.5%) were the ones aged 65+ yr. Women with a secondary education were 2.1x more likely to undergo a screening exam voluntarily (57.5%), compared to women with a higher education background (26.6%). When considering marital and financial circumstances, married/unmarried women from an affluent financial category exhibited a notably higher frequency of self-initiating a mammography (73% and 48.5%) in comparison to those financially struggling (27.6%). Conclusion:  Strong support is imperative for countries to establish prevention and early detection programs for cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33872 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33872/8164

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 305 312 Negin Soltani Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Fatahi Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2023 11 25 2024 01 30 Background: Deviation of the foot from the normal posture affects the function of the foot and lower limb and causes lower limb injuries in normal people and athletes. Flat feet or flatfoot deformity are usually associated with pain in the foot area and a decrease in the normal function of the foot, which can negatively affect the sports ability of athletes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the abnormality of flat feet from training, exercise to therapeutic interventions. Methods: Articles were identified by searching five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Gate & Pasteur from 2000 to 2022. The keywords were selected specifically and correctly and all the researches and articles related to the title of the article were searched and found. This research was also searched in Persian databases that this database, included: Irandoc, Mag Iran and Noormagz. Results: Finally, 30 studies met the criteria for entering this study, selected and used to conduct this study. Conclusion: By using the results obtained in the research, which include corrective exercises and therapeutic interventions, especially the use of orthoses and various medical insoles, it is possible to help in the treatment and improvement of this anomaly. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33858 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33858/8156

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 397 403 EN Xiaowen Hou School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China Jiaqi Zheng School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China Jiajun Zhang School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China Lin Tao School of International Education, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China Kaiwen Cen School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China Ying Cui School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China Ji Wu School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China 2023 05 10 2023 08 12 Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels hadno potential risk on ischemic stroke. However, higher LDL-C levels were closely related to IS. Based on two antagonistic viewpoints, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to evaluate the causal effects of LDL-C levels on IS. Methods: Datasets of LDL-C levels and ischemic stroke were acquired from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Weighted median method was conducted for main analysis, and MR-Egger and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods were performed for auxiliary analyses. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic tests were utilized to confirm the reliability of this study. Results: A total of 359 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with LDL-C levels (P < 5 × 10−8) and 337 SNPs were available in ischemic stroke with eliminating outliers. LDL-C levels were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (OR = 1.104, 95%CI = 1.019 - 1.195, P = 1.52 × 10-2). MR-Egger and IVW showed directionally similar estimates (MR-Egger: OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.040 - 1.207, P = 3.12 × 10-3; IVW: OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.064 - 1.178, P = 1.17 × 10-5). Conclusion: LDL-C levels had causal effects on IS, providing insights into the design of future interventions to reduce the burden of ischemic stroke. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31975 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31975/8165

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 313 322 EN Yan-Li Niu Endocrinology Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China Ye Zhang Endocrinology Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China Zhi-Yong Song Endocrinology Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China Chuan-Zhi Zhao Endocrinology Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China Yun Luo Endocrinology Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China Yan Wang Endocrinology Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China Jing Yuan Emergency Department, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China 2023 06 03 2023 08 14 Background: We systematically reviewed and analyzed the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) versus biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We used computers to search the Embase, PubMed, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Library database, and collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of IDegAsp versus BIAsp 30 in T2D patients. The research period was from the establishment of the database to May 19, 2023. We used Review Manager 5.20 statistical software for systematic meta-analysis. Results: We included 8 RCTs with 2281 participants. IDegAsp was better to BIAsp30 in improving fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (P<0.001) and reducing the endpoint daily average insulin dose (P<0.01). Furthermore, compared with BIAsp30, IDegAsp significantly reduced the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemic events (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the improvement of body weight change (P=0.99), glycosylated hemoglobin (P=0.50), the overall risk of hypoglycemic events (P=0.57) and adverse events (P=0.89) between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared with BIAsp30, IDegAsp could significantly reduce FPG levels, insulin dosage, and the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemic events in T2D patients, without increasing the overall risk of adverse events. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32189 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32189/8157

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 404 413 Qiong Jia School of Design and Art, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China Heyao Wang School of Design and Art, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China Dalin Sun School of Design and Art, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China 2023 12 19 2024 01 30 Background: Anxiety is a common mental health problem among adolescents that substantially increases the risk of anxiety disorder. Depression in adulthood and is a high-risk factor leading to suicide. We aimed to explore effective anxiety intervention methods in view of the annual rising detection rate of anxiety in adolescents. Methods: We enrolled 150 volunteers with mild anxiety or above (anxiety scale≥50 points) from 1015 adolescents between March and May 2023 in four communities in Shenyang, Liaoning Province and Nantong, Jiangsu Province in China. The participants were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, comprising 73 and 74, respectively. The experimental group was given 2-month psychological intervention based on behavior change wheel (BCW) theory, whereas the control group was given no intervention. Results: The average anxiety score of the participants 46.57 ± 14.19, with 40.4% having anxiety symptoms. Anxiety was statistically correlated with self-evaluation of physical condition, family relationship, and grades (P < 0.05). The depression and anxiety score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Anxiety has become a common phenomenon among adolescents. Self-evaluation of physical condition, family relationship, and grades are the focus of intervention for individuals with anxiety. The intervention method proposed in this study can effectively reduce the level of anxiety and depression in adolescents, providing a new perspective for formulating anxiety intervention strategies for adolescents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34058 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34058/8166

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 323 334 EN Maliheh Ghobadi Department of Health Management, Policy, and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Anahita Behzadi Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Asma Sabermahani Health Foresight and Innovation Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2022 10 22 2023 06 15 Background: Clinical practice guideline (CPGs) are highly valuable in enhancing healthcare efficiency as they lead to the selection of the best medical methods and reduction of their costs. Nevertheless, implementing CPGs in practice can be quite challenging, as they require alterations at individual, organizational, and health system levels. Therefore, we aimed to identify the outcomes, barriers, and facilitators associated with CPG implementation. Methods: We conducted an extensive search using Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and various non-English databases to gather quantitative, qualitative, and review studies on the implementation of CPGs from Jan 1, 1990, to Dec 26, 2022. Our analysis focused on the outcomes, barriers, and facilitators of CPG implementation, which categorized into four groups: policy-making, health system and hospitals, professional experts, and clinical guidelines. Results: After conducting a thorough review of 37 studies, the most significant outcomes were found to be reduced costs and enhanced quality of care. However, certain challenges, such as inadequate support, insufficient education, high work pressure, tight schedules, and a lack of unified and clear guidelines, hindered these improvements. To overcome these barriers, it is essential to prioritize effective leadership, improve work conditions, allocate necessary resources, create a structured framework for the guidelines, and simplify their content to fit the clinical circumstances. Conclusion: It is crucial to identify the outcomes and barriers associated with implementing CPGs to enhance professional performance, elevate the quality of care, and foster patient satisfaction. Developing effective strategies hinges on this awareness.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30173 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30173/8158

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 414 424 Maja Milosevic Markovic Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Milan Petrovic Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Milan Latas Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Igor Djordjevic Clinic for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Srdjan Milovanovic Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Svetlana Jovanovic Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2022 08 03 2023 04 07 Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has numerous physical, psychosocial and financial implications, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and identify quality of life (QoL) predictors in patients with OSCC. Methods: We included 64 consecutive patients aged 40 to 80 yr treated for OSCC from Jan to Dec 2021. Health-related QoL was evaluated using the 30-item Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the 35-item Head and Neck Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-H&N35). The demographic questionnaire and clinical parameters were also presented. Results: The functioning scale in the QLQ-C30 questionnaire with the lowest average score was Global health status. The mean QLQ-C30 summary score (80.92 ± 10.4) was higher than the Global health status score (50.5 ± 22.2). In the QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire, the symptoms with highest scores were weight loss, dry mouth, and social eating. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that Global health status score was associated with education level [β-coefficient = 19.33 (95% CI: 10.7-24.9, P=0.004], alcohol consumption [β-coefficient=10.04 (95% CI: 4.5-14.8), P=0.023] and invasive surgical procedure [β-coefficient=22.75 (95% CI: 15.0-30.5), P=0.002]. The QLQ-C30 summary score was associated with living alone [β-coefficient= -20.05 (95% CI: −29.91-(−10.21), P=0.018], smoking status [β-coefficient=4.35 (95% CI: 1.8-6.91), P=0.043] and alcohol consumption [β-coefficient =4.59 (95% CI: 1.99-7.19), P=0.037]. Conclusion: We found several significant predictors of worse perception of HRQoL among patients with OSCC, which may be useful for specific prevention and treatment in order to achieve better QoL.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29466 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29466/8167

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 335 347 Mohammed Muneer Alareqi School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Lina Alshoaibi School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Yanli Liu School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Sushma Dhital School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Benzhong Zhang School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China 2022 05 14 2023 01 31 Background: In humanitarian crises, water, sanitation and hygiene interventions are critical for the survival of people. However, strong evidence-based information is still limited. In order to describe the quantity and quality of current evidence, we conducted an evidence gap map provides a visual overview, highlighting areas lacking evidence. Methods: According to developed inclusion and exclusion criteria, a systematic literature search was conducted to find related systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Cochrane were searched using search strings from 2000 until 2021. Characteristics of the included reviews were extracted and summarized. Two persons evaluated methodological quality independently using the AMSTAR tool. Invite a third person to solve any discrepancies. Results: This study revealed seven systematic reviews, including one meta-analysis. One study was of high quality, four of medium, and two of low quality. A total of 272 primary studies were included with a median value of 38.8 (range, 6-106) which deeply analyzed for data extraction. Cross-sectional, case-control, and qualitative case studies were the most used study designs. Diarrheal diseases were the most reported outcomes representing 46% of the impact evaluations. Cholera outbreaks account for 43% of a crisis context. The research gaps were insufficient reporting of some interventions with related outcomes and the geographical distribution of current evidence. Conclusion: There is a limitation in current evidence represented by a lack of high-quality and experimental studies investigate the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) interventions on health and behavioral outcomes in humanitarian sittings.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28742 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28742/8159

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 425 432 Gulshara Berdeshova Department of General Hygiene, West Kazakhstan Medical University named after M. Ospanov, Aktobe, Kazakhstan Aiman Mussina Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Lyazat Orakbay Department of Public Health, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Aidana Tolegenova Department of Health Policy and Management, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Al-maty, Kazakhstan Saya Zhorabek Department of Health Policy and Management, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Al-maty, Kazakhstan Assel Amanova Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Shynar Kulbayeva Department of Clinical Disciplines, Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan 2022 10 31 2023 04 26 Background: We aimed to study the rate and trends of the incidence of chronic cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) from 2015 to 2020. Methods: The retrospective data were analyzed using modern methods of biomedical statistics. We used the Electronic Register of Dispensary Patients (2015-2020), where we conducted a retrospective study and trend calculations. The study included patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (according to the International Classifier of Diseases-10, the following nosologies were identified: I25 chronic coronary heart disease and its nosological forms (I25.0-I25.9), and patients by age categories, consisting of dispensary registration in polyclinics of the northern region of the RK. Results: For 2015 - 2020 in the northern region (urban and rural) of RK, 12,315 patients were registered, who were on dispensary records for the chronic CVD. This amounted to 87.3% of urban residents, and 12.7% of rural residents. The share of patients with chronic CVD in the northern region of the republic by age groups had a bimodal growth pattern with the first peak at the age of 60-74 (40.4%) and the second - at the age of 45-59 (37.7%). Conclusion: This study notes an increase in chronic CVD, both in urban and rural areas of the northern region of the RK. This once again proves the need for the development, implementation and use of modern tools in the provision of medical services to cardiological patients at the outpatient level, taking into account the characteristics of the northern regions of our country. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30270 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30270/8168

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 433 442 Mohammad-Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Amirsina Alemzadeh Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Abbaszadeh Marzbali Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sadaf Nasserisina Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Hosnan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ameneh Naghghash Thalassemia Department, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Amir Ali Hamidieh Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Behfar Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Mohseni Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hoda Rashidian Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Shirazi Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Aboee-Rad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Qorbani Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Bagher Larijani Thalassemia Department, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Hamidi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 06 2023 03 29 Background: Beta-thalassemia major patients frequently have endocrinopathies. We tried to determine relation between demographic and transfusion factor and endocrinopathies. Methods: Major beta-thalassemia patients (n=114 cases), 3–38 yr of age, entered this study. Female to male ratio was 51/63. Children (less than 20 yr) formed 57% of participants. Information about bone mineral density (BMD) and hormonal and biochemistry blood evaluation including fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (males), and estradiol (females) entered data sheet. Results: Sex and ferritin level showed no significant correlation with above disorders. Age significantly correlated to short stature, diabetes, low BMD at femur and neck (P, 0.031, 0.008, 0.009 and <0.001, respectively). The risk of short stature had increased in 12 yr and older patients 7.71 times than younger patients (P= 0.008). The risk of diabetes had increased in 35 yr and older patients 26.25 times than younger patients (P= 0.03).  The risk of Z-score ≤ -2 in femoral region has increased in 19 yr and older patients 5.84 times than younger patients (P= 0.002). The risk of Z-score ≤ -2 in spinal region has increased in 14 yr and older patients 17 times than younger patients (P= 0.007). Conclusion: The main factor related with endocrinopathies was age. The correlation between age and short stature, diabetes and low BMD was positive. Therefore, we recommend early monitoring of thalassemia patients (in their late childhood and early teenage) for these complications.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30593 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30593/8169

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 443 452 EN Morvarid Zarif-Yeganeh Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad Health Professions Education Research Center, Education Development Center, Department of Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niayesh Mohebbi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Muhammad Kiani Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eisa Rezaei Department of Educational Technology in Medical Sciences, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sholeh Ebrahimpour Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Soha Namazi 1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 11 13 2022 12 21 Background: Applying modern educational methods for digital native students seems necessary. Active learning strategies promote students’ skills and knowledge. This study was conducted to design and evaluate active learning methods by teaching psychopharmacotherapy to pharmacy students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with three randomized study groups (control, game, and multimedia), using a pre-and post-test design, conducted on 155 students of 5-year pharmacy in 2022 at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Overall, 18 clinical cases were designed for the basic structure of interventions. After teaching psychopharmacotherapy contents through lecturing, the pre-test was held. The next steps were playing the educational game, studying the multimedia case-based learning files, and then completing questionnaires, respectively. Then, a post-test was held. Results: 65.33% of participants were female and 34.66% were male. The pre-test and post-test scores comparison showed no difference in control group (P=0.409). However, in the serious game and multimedia groups, the average score of pre-test and post-test had a statistically significant difference (P<0.001, P=0.002 respectively), this difference was higher in the serious game group. Questionnaire evaluation showed substantial differences between game and multimedia groups. Conclusion: The educational interventions were able to improve student's knowledge and skills so they can better help patients and promote public health. In the sections of Confidence, Social Interactions, Fun, Focused attention, Learnability, Relevance, and Perceived Learning, the serious game far outweighed the multimedia case-based learning. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30373 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30373/8170

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 453 461 Hossein Naddafnia Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Noormohammadi Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shiva Irani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iman Salahshoorifar Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 18 2023 01 22 v https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28797 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28797/8171

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 462 471 Khadijeh Fanaei Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Fereshteh Ameli Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iman Salahshourifar Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shiva Irani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Esfandbod Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 04 20 2023 01 31 Background: Today, survivin is known as one of the most specific cancer proteins; provide unique and practical study opportunities. Clinical value of survivin in gastric cancer (GC) is not yet appointed. To establish the expression level of survivin and its diagnosis value in Iranian patients with GC, we evaluated the association of survivin expression with clinicopathologic factors. Methods: Overall, 60 matched-normal controls with 60 GC samples including 30 cases with evidence of metastasis at time of our study and 30 cases without evidence of metastasis were recruited, in Tehran, Iran during 2008 to 2018. Survivin expression was evaluated by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study. Results: Increased expression of survivin at mRNA and protein levels was found in 86.7% and 71.6% of cases, respectively. Evidence indicated a significant difference in survivin mRNA expression level between tumor and non-tumoral (marginal) tissues (P<0.001). The difference in expression of survivin mRNA was not significant between metastatic and non-metastatic tumor tissues (P=0.171). Positive immunoreactivity of survivin was observed to be predominantly in the nucleus of tumor cells. A significant difference in survivin protein expression was detected between tumor and non-tumoral tissues (P<0.001) and between metastatic and non-metastatic tumor tissues (P<0.001). There was no significant association between survivin mRNA expression and clinicopathological variables. However, survivin protein expression was significantly correlated with perineural involvement (P<0.018). Conclusion: This data could be supportive of using survivin as a useful diagnostic marker in GC. Although, more research is needed in this area. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28514 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28514/8173

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 472 481 Mahdiyeh Heydari Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Khadijeh Yarifard Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Tajvar Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 04 2023 03 29 Background: Youth is undeniably the most important resource of any country. This study aimed to determine the trend of mortality rate and the cause of death, based on the ICD-10, among young people in Iran and examines significance of the changes in any cause during the last three decades. Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis of data, which examines the trend of death rate and its causes among young adult, aged 15-24 yr, longitudinally during 1990-2019. The data source was the GBD website. Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the slope of changes in mortality rates and causes of death du