Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 1090 1097 Lifen LIU Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China Ying ZHANG Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China Jingya GONG Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China Xin CHEN Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China Hongmei WU Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China Weipei ZHU Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Background: This study was designed to investigate the clinical effects of different treatment methods on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in perimenopausal women, and to evaluate urodynamic characteristics. Methods: Seventy-two menopausal female patients with stress urinary incontinence were included in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2016 to July 2017. The cases were divided into 3 groups of 24 each, depending on the treatment received. Group A patients received treatment with electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback; those in group B received conventional pelvic floor muscle exercise therapy; and those in group C did not have any treatment. Relevant clinical parameters of urination were determined including pelvic floor muscle strengths, urine dynamics indexes and ICS quality of life survey scores; results were averaged in each group for comparisons among the three groups before and after the 60-day study period. Results: After treatment for 60 days, both group A and B patients displayed a clear improvement in their urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle strength, leakage times, frequency of urination, urine dynamics index and ICS scores (P<0.05), with group A showing the most improvement. Women in group C showed no significant difference before and after the 60-day study period (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both the method of electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback, and conventional pelvic floor muscle exercises could help perimenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence; however, electrical stimulation combined with biological feedback seems to bring about better clinical effects.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14283 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14283/6076

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 1068 1076 Dariush FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Dept. of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Genetics Clinic, Valli-e-Asr Sq., Tehran, Iran Zahra ARYAN Genetics Clinic, Valli-e-Asr Sq., Tehran, Iran 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Background: The circadian rhythm regulation plays a crucial role in people`s healthy lives affected by factors consisting of cosmic events related to the universe and earth, environmental factors (light, night and day duration, seasons) and lifestyles. These factors changes lead to disturbance of circadian rhythm and it causes increasing the incidence of mental diseases like depression and physiological problems like cancers, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Methods: The present review searched Elsevier, SID, Pub Med, Springer, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles were published between 1996 and 2017. Keywords used included lifestyle, circadian rhythm, cancer, metabolic diseases and cosmic factors. Results: Circadian rhythm can be affected by lifestyle, heredity, cosmos spin and seasonal factors. Two first factors have physically direct effects on circadian rhythm and health, while other factors influence on them mentally. After all, all of them lead to cancer, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic obesity. Conclusion: Although environmental factors are universal events which are unrelated to human control but affect human`s body and circadian rhythm. Other factors are manageable by human to prevent disturbance of circadian rhythm making physical disorders.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14280 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14280/6073

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 14300 14300 Do Gyun LEE Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Comment on “Molecular Characterization of Animal Fasciola spp. Isolates from Kermanshah, Western Iran” https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14300 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14300/6090

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 1098 1107 Wan Putri Elena WAN DALI Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia Hamid Jan JAN MOHAMED Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia Hafzan YUSOFF Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Background: The study examined the baseline findings of a controlled intervention study comprising anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, and physical activity among overweight or obese children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: The study was completed in 2016 and the baseline data were gathered from four groups in a school-based randomized community trial among Year Five students from primary schools in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Participants completed anthropometry assessment, three-day dietary record, and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Results: The prevalence of obesity was higher among the boys (52.5%). Mean energy intake was significantly higher among boys as compared to the girls (P=0.003). Twenty-five percent of the participants had exceeded the recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) of energy recommended. The calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin were also significantly higher among boys as compared to the girls (P˂0.05). Boys also exhibited a significantly higher score on performance of physical activity (mean=2.68; SD=0.60) as compared to the girls (mean=2.38; SD=0.51) however it is still in the category of moderately active. Approximately 14.4% of children had a very low physical activity level. Conclusion: Overweight and obese boys had higher energy and fat intakes but were more physically active as compared to the girls. These findings might be useful in planning appropriate intervention strategies to be designed and delivered especially for this cohort.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14284 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14284/6077

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 1077 1083 Byung Ro SEO Dept. of Global MICE, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Sam-Hun PARK Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Background: There is a growing global demand for medical tourism while more people are moving across borders in Asia, offering new opportunities to the high-value medical tourism market. The purpose of this study was to provide grounds for promoting the International Meditour Coordinator (IMC), issued as a national license in Korea and to provide the evidence for the efficient use of the IMC in the field of health care. Methods: We examined the trend of professional manpower in the rapidly-changing Korean medical market by analyzing the operational status of professional manpower in order to promote medical tourism, which began in 2009 in Korea. We also analyzed the problems of the national qualification system for the IMC and sought to improve the professionalism and usability of the national qualification system by improving the quality satisfaction of the professionals who support the growth of the medical tourism industry. Results: In Korea, IMCs are responsible for detailed support services in clinics, support to tourists, medical tourism marketing to support the advancement of domestic and international medical institutions in each market, medical tourism counseling, risk management, and administrative work, thereby contributing to the development and enhancement of competitiveness in Korea’s global healthcare industry. Conclusion: To support the growth of the medical tourism industry, which is a global trend, and increase user satisfaction with the quality of medical tourist services, it is urgently necessary to establish human resource management policy guidelines in the medical tourism industry based on the current operational status of professional human resources and the future prospect of supply and demand in the sector.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14281 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14281/6074

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 14302 14302 Arezoo BOZORGOMID Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naser NAZARI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Eshrat Beigom KIA Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Homa HAJJARAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Peyman HEIDARIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Saeid EZATI Dept. of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Bagher ROKNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Response Letter to the Editor in Reference to Letter to the Editor about “Molecular Characterization of Animal Fasciola spp. Isolates from Ker-manshah, Western Iran” https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14302 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14302/6091

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 1108 1118 Zhiguang ZHANG Dept. of Business Administration, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China Haiqing HU Dept. of Accounting and Finance, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China Conghui HAO Dept. of Economy and Trade, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China Kaikai ZHANG Dept. of Student Affairs, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China 2018 08 01 2018 08 01 Abstract Background: With the rapid growth of China’s economy, the country’s economic, social, and environmental development has also shown significant differences in various regions. Improving the health level of residents has gradually become a hot issue. We aimed to explore the difference of the health level of the residents in different regions of China and its influential factors. Methods: A panel regression model was established using statistical data from 31 provinces in the eastern, central, and western regions of China from the years 2000 and 2016 to examine the influence of economic, environmental, and social factors on the health level of residents in these regions and investigate the regulating role of public service factors. Results: Environmental pollution significantly promotes human mortality in the eastern and central regions of China. The urbanization rate significantly reduces human mortality in the eastern and central regions. Per capita gross domestic product in the eastern and western regions has a significant U-shaped relationship with human mortality. The number of beds in health institutions per 10,000 persons, average years of schooling, and endowment insurance contribution service have varying degrees of influence on residents’ health level in the three regions of China. In particular, endowment insurance contribution service significantly reduces human mortality in the eastern region, whereas its impact on the western region is insignificant. Conclusion: Differential policies in environmental pollution control, economic growth, and medical and public health should be formulated to reduce mortality in China, specifically in the eastern, central, and western regions.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14285 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14285/6078

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 8 2018 08 01 1084 1089 Model Grounded on Character Strengths Theory on Inferiority Complex in Adolescents 1233 1242 Qinjuan Wang School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China Li Zhang School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China Jing Zhu School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China Xu Chen School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China 2025 05 05 2025 06 02 Background: Inferiority complex is a common psychological disorder occurring in adolescents during their psychological development and the root cause of most psychological problems. However, inferiority complex in adolescents has rarely been examined in previous intervention studies. This practice-oriented study combined character strengths theory with group psychological counseling to examine adolescents with high inferiority complex scores. Methods: A survey was conducted on 512 adolescents selected using convenience sampling from three middle schools in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, to collect information regarding the degree and characteristics of their inferiority complex. Those with a high inferiority complex score were recruited for a grouped experiment, where the experiment group received group counseling grounded on character strengths theory. Results: The participants had a moderately high degree of inferiority complex (mean = 2.92). Significant differences were observed in the total inferiority complex score across gender, left-behind experience, and academic performance (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the inferiority complex score of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention model constructed in this study effectively reduces inferiority complex in adolescents, providing a reference for exploring an effective approach to adolescent-targeted mental health education. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39009 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39009/8575

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1142 1152 Laiqing Luo Rehabilitation Department, Sandun district of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China Rongliu Cen Emergency Department, Sandun district of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China 2024 08 15 2024 12 11 Background: This article aimed to compare the value of infection related critical illness scores in predicting the risk of death in infected patients, and evaluate the predictive accuracy of three scoring indicators: SOFA score, APACHE II score, and NEWS score. Methods: Through the established retrieval strategy, the relevant literature from January 2013 to December 2023 were searched on platforms such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, eight relevant literature were included for meta-analysis. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted according to predetermined standards, using a fixed effects model for data analysis. Results: Among the 8 included literature (References (5-12)), the ratio of mortality to survival and 95% confidence interval for SOFA scores were 1.33 and (0.98, 1.75), respectively; The APACHE II score is 2.24 and (1.58, 2.97); The NEWS score is 1.64 and (1.45, 1.85). All three scoring indicators had significant value in predicting the risk of death in infected patients. In addition, comparing the AUC of the three scoring indicators, the SOFA score had the highest AUC, followed by the APACHE II score, and showed significant differences compared to the NEWS score, with P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively. Conclusion: The SOFA score has higher accuracy and predictive value in predicting the condition and risk of death of infected patients. However, further attention needs to be paid to the selection of scoring methods to comprehensively consider the clinical situation and research objectives. The results of this study are helpful in guiding the evaluation and prediction of infected patients in clinical practice, and providing a basis for optimizing treatment strategies.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36387/8566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1325 1326 Ahmad Shamabadi Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 31 2024 10 29 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36522 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36522/8586

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1243 1251 Emre Kenger Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey Tugce Ozlu Karahan Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey 2024 12 03 2025 05 09 Background: We evaluated diet plans generated by ChatGPT for hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Methods: In October 2024, ChatGPT was used to generate meal plans for 24 simulated patients with different cardiovascular health problems. Data were used from men (n=12) and women (n=12), aged 56 yr, with mean heights of 176 cm and 161 cm respectively. Weight categories were based on BMI: normal, overweight, and obese, using weights of 56, 71, and 84 kg for women and 67, 85, and 101 kg for men. Four health conditions were assessed: hypertension stages 1 and 2 (systolic BP 130-139 mm Hg and ≥140 mm Hg; diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg and ≥90 mm Hg), and elevated LDL levels (≥130 mg/dL and ≥160 mg/dL). Menus were evaluated for adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets, including recommendations. Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean and DASH diets was low across all groups, with median scores below 9 and 4.5, respectively. Common recommendations included weight loss, physical activity, reduced salt intake, stress management, and omega-3s for both hypertension and LDL reduction. Plant sterols/stanols were suggested only for LDL. No advice was given on smoking or alcohol use. Nutrient content did not differ significantly between hypertension and LDL menus (P>0.05). Conclusion: This pioneering study found that AI-generated dietary models had low adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets, though most recommendations were generally appropriate. Since the prompts only requested basic nutrition plans, future research should use more specific, personalized prompts to better assess AI's role in managing chronic diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37402 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37402/8576

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1153 1159 Darko Radulović Faculty of Law in Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2023 12 19 2025 01 21 Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue which keeps the scientific community and the general public divided into those in favour and those opposed to this manner of terminating a person’s life. Ethical, medical, legal, religious and other reasons are used both to justify its legalisation and to argue against it. The main question which attracts differing opinions is whether—beside the right to life as the universal and most important right recognised by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms—there is the right to die, implying that a person could choose how and when to end their life. The author of the paper analyses several issues. In addition to the introduction which considers the right to life in general, and in the light of international documents, the paper deals with the concept of euthanasia and its historical development, as well as the types of euthanasia. This is followed by an overview of the positions of the proponents and the opponents of the legalisation of euthanasia. Finally, the paper discusses the various ways in which euthanasia is regulated in contemporary criminal legislation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34054 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34054/8567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1327 1328 Zahra Sadeqi-Arani Department of Business Management, Faculty of Financial Science, Management and Entrepreneurship, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Reza Vahidnia Faculty of Electrical Engineering, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, Canada 2024 08 13 2024 11 10 Letter to the Editor has no Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36361/8587

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1252 1262 EN Puerkaiti Paierhati 1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Urumqi, 830011, China 2. The Clinical Medical Research Center of Breast and Thyroid Tumor in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China Binlin Ma 1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Urumqi, 830011, China 2. The Clinical Medical Research Center of Breast and Thyroid Tumor in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China Muzhapaer Abudukeremu 1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Urumqi, 830011, China 2. The Clinical Medical Research Center of Breast and Thyroid Tumor in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China 2024 09 13 2025 02 06 Background: This study investigates the role of exosomal integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in modulating immune responses, with a focus on its interaction with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in dendritic cells (DCs). This study aimed to understand how ITGB2 contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in TNBC. Methods: ITGB2 expression in TNBC tissues and cell lines was analyzed using qPCR and Western blot at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2013 and 2015. Knockdown and overexpression models of ITGB2 were established in MDA-MB-231 cells to explore their effects on TLR4 expression in DCs. Exosomes were isolated from these cells, and DCs were co-cultured with exosomes to measure TLR4 expression and cytokine secretion using flow cytometry and ELISA. Results: ITGB2 was overexpressed in TNBC tissues, correlating with poor prognosis. Exosomal ITGB2 from TNBC cells suppressed TLR4 expression in DCs, leading to impaired DC maturation and reduced cytokine secretion, thus promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusion: Targeting the ITGB2-TLR4 axis could enhance anti-tumor immunity in TNBC. ITGB2 holds potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, suggesting that inhibition of exosomal ITGB2 or restoration of DC function may improve therapeutic outcomes in TNBC. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36637 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36637/8577

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1160 1170 Husain Nadaf Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India Mangesh Jabade Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India Amey Khande KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, India Gururaj Udapi KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, India Vijayalaxmi Chidanand Patil Siddhagiri Nursing Institute, Kolhapur, India 2024 09 18 2025 01 25 Background: This scoping review explores the key demographic and psychosocial factors impacting organ donation, with a focus on studies utilizing online or digital platforms. We aimed to understand the existing facts that influence to effects of the organ donation decision. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline was conducted using MeSH terms and logical operators to identify relevant studies published in English 2018 to 2023. Studies focusing on the demographics and influencing factors for organ donors of any age were included. Abstract concepts, conference proceedings, and non-English studies were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers using standardized tools, including the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: Out of 270 records identified, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of results revealed three major themes: 1) demographic characteristics of organ donors, 2) psychosocial and digital factors influencing organ donation, and 3) interventions promoting awareness and engagement in organ donation. Online and digital platforms play a significant role in shaping attitudes, intentions, and awareness of organ donation. Quality assessment indicated a moderate-to-high level of methodological rigor across the included studies. Conclusion: This review highlights the key factors influencing organ donation, particularly the role of digital platforms in enhancing awareness and engagement. Future research should focus on leveraging these insights to develop targeted interventions aimed at increasing organ donation rates globally. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36665 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36665/8568

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1329 1330 Dong-Il Kim 1. Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Sports Functional Disability Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2025 04 02 2025 05 09 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38690 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38690/8588

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1263 1271 EN Li Zheng 1. College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2. Department of Pharmacy, Xingtai Medical College, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Yiheng Ding Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Xinhao Li College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Jingxuan Jia College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Yanning Li College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2. Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Jinsheng Qi College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2024 03 16 2025 06 02 Background: We aimed to investigate whether 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) reduced heterogeneity by inducing the maturation of HepG2 cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) pathway. Methods: This in vitro cell research study was conducted under the guidance of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China, from Sep 2022 to Dec 2023. HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of Rg3 in a low glucose microenvironment. The mRNA expression of ALBUMIN (ALB, a marker for hepatocyte function) and HNF4A (a marker for differentiation of HCC cell), and AMPK protein levels were measured after significant changes in cell morphology were observed. Additionally, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) (an AMPK agonist) and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) were used to explore further the underlying mechanism. Results: Under treatment of 5 μM, 10 μM, and 20 μM Rg3, some cells became flattened and larger, and there was an increase in the mRNA expression of ALB and HNF4A (P<0.05). However, there was a decreasing trend in AMPK protein content with 8 μM Rg3 (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, some cells exposed to 8 μM Rg3 exhibited pronounced morphological changes, along with upregulated expression of ALB and HNF4A mRNA. However, no such changes were observed when 8 μM Rg3 was combined with 1.6 mM AICAR. Compared to the control group, 10 μM Compound C or 8 μM Rg3 treatments led to similar changes in cell morphology and showed an increasing trend in HNF4A mRNA expression. Additionally, after treatment with Compound C, pHNF4A was mainly in the nucleus, while after Rg3 treatment, it was mostly in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: Rg3 partially induced the maturation of HepG2 cells through the AMPK/HNF4A pathway.     Keywords: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3; HepG2; Maturation, Genetics https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34913 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34913/8578

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1171 1178 Haiyan Cai Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China Liwen Pan Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China Pei Zhang Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China 2024 05 14 2024 12 22 Background: Perioperative care plays an unparalleled role in the management of strabismus. However, there is still a lack of adequate understanding of the perioperative care and guidelines on nursing measures for strabismus surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review of perioperative care for strabismus, focusing on psychological intervention and rehabilitative nursing. Methods: To comprehensively collect research related to perioperative nursing, we employed a systematic literature retrieval strategy. The databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang, and VIP (Weipu). We read, summarized and review the literatures obtained from databases. Results: We summarized the conclusions in the retained literature and elaborated from two aspects: Psychological intervention and Rehabilitation Nursing. Psychological intervention can be carried out from the following aspects: cognitive behavior intervention, psychological and emotional intervention, social support intervention. Perioperative rehabilitation can be carried out from the following aspects: postoperative nausea and vomiting management, prevention of postoperative infection, visual care, preventing recurrent strabismus post-surgery, avoiding diplopia. Conclusion: Comprehensive perioperative care for patients with strabismus can alleviate negative emotions, improve psychological status, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and enhance patients' quality of life. However, further research is still needed to establish detailed intervention strategies for comprehensive care. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35515 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35515/8569

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1272 1281 Seyed Abbas Motevalian Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 05 2024 12 15 Background: Considering the high importance of the problem of obesity and its related factors, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) in the participants of the employees’ health cohort study of Iran (EHCSIR) using generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM). Methods: A secondary analysis with cross-sectional approach was conducted on the existing data using multilevel GSEM. The primary data of the cohort was collected from July 2017, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Personality traits were exposure, physical activity was the mediator, and BMI was the outcome. Sex was the stratifying variable. Then, pathways with the largest P values were removed one by one using backward stepwise approach. Results: The data of a total of 3554 participants of EHCSIR were used. Sex was subjected for grouping the analysis. In males, extroversion (EX) was the only personality trait associated with both physical activity and BMI. In the direct pathway, EX was positively associated with BMI. In the indirect pathway, EX was negatively associated with BMI (P <0.1). The total effect was positive. In females, physical activity was not associated with BMI, and therefore, no indirect pathway was formed from personality traits to BMI (P >0.1). Conclusion: The role of personality traits in obesity was more dominant in females, while in males, physical activity had a role in obesity. The hypothesized mediation pathway of the study title was not approved in females, and in males, was approved only for EX personality trait. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36272 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36272/8579

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1179 1192 Pavan Narapaka Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Manisha Singh Department of Medical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India Sarasa Meenakshi Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Jaseena C V Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Manasa Goudicharla Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Krishna Murti Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Sameer Dhingra Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India 2024 08 28 2024 12 14 Background: This study aimed to provide comprehensive information on translated versions of the 9-item shared decision-making questionnaire, widely used to measure patient involvement in shared decision-making, by combining psychometric validation information. Methods: We searched various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, along with developer website to gather pertinent literature published until Feb, 2024. This psychometric validation carried out based on item characteristics, content validity, and factor analysis results of individual studies. Our evaluation was based on predetermined cut-off values for item difficulty, discrimination index, Cronbach's alpha, Kaiser Meyer Olkin factor (KMO), Bartlett's test of sphericity, and factor extraction and rotation, confirmatory factor analysis range. The European Social Research Council guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews was employed for synthesis of validation results. Results: The final analysis included nine studies with 3090 participants from various countries, and most participants had adequate literacy, and age range was 30-60 yr. Most model versions had a good fit, and all studies reported satisfactory results, except for one study's discrimination index values. The tool's validity was satisfactory. Most of the studies reported a convenient sample was the main limitation, along with recall bias in the final responses. Conclusion: The 9-item shared decision-making tool can be used to measure patient involvement in shared decision-making in validated language-respected countries, as proper evaluation procedures reported satisfactory results in the confirmatory analysis models and reliability testing.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36488 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36488/8570

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1282 1290 Marzie Salandari Rabori Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Aghdas Souresrafil Department of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mohsen Rezaeian 1. Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Hasan Ahmadinia 1. Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Roya Bahrami Department of Psychology, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mahdie Sadat Hosseini Educator of Midwifery Department, School of Nursing Midwifery Health, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Maryam Hasanshahi Nurse Emergency Department, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital,Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Azam Bagherizade Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2024 05 12 2025 06 02 Background: Suicide is an intentional act that results in the death of a person. Clinical researchers show that a new era has begun in understanding suicide pathophysiology. Our study assessed serum minerals (Fe, Mg) and vitamins (D, B12) to see if they are related to suicide attempts. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ali-ebn-Abi Taleb Hospital, Rafsanjan City Central District, Kerman Province, Iran in 2022. Prior to measuring the quantity of essential minerals and vitamins in the blood, the degree of depression was assessed using the Beck depression severity scale. Chi-square, Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann Whitney U test were performed to ascertain the existence of an association between these substances within the body and suicide attempts. Results: Thirty-two attempted suicides (24 women and 8 men, mean age 14-46 yr) were included in this study. The mean and standard deviation of depression scores for 32 candidates was 16.43 ± 26.74. Moreover, our results show nearly 46.7% (50% women and 37.5% men) of participants suffer from vitamin D deficiency and 6.7% from Mg deficiency, half of them have also severe depression. Conclusion: One of the reasons for the cause of depression and suicide attempt could be the status of minerals and vitamins in the body. Therefore, it is likely that a suitable diet and checking blood factors might help to reduce suicide attempts in a society. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35486 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35486/8580

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1193 1203 Yan Gao Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China Limin Peng Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Hei-longjiang Province, China Chengkun Yuan Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China Shanshan Zhang Department of Obstetrical, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China 2024 12 14 2025 01 25 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for recurrent miscarriage (RMC) using meta-analysis. Methods: Literature from Jan 1990 to Feb 2024 was searched in PubMed, etc., using keywords such as “IVIG”, “repetitive miscarriage”, and “RMC”. Two authors independently assessed the literature quality and risk of via Cochrane handbook, and extracted basic information and outcome indicator data. Meta-analysis was performed employing Review Manager 5.3. Results: Eleven studies were involved, comprising 842 patients, of which 391 received IVIG therapy and 451 received placebo treatment. Relative to placebo group, IVIG group had a notably higher overall live birth rate (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.68~2.98, Z=5.51, P<0.00001) and a greatly lower miscarriage rate (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.22~0.95, Z=2.09, P=0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that both primary and secondary RMC patients in IVIG group had markedly higher live birth rates versus placebo group (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.18~3.83, Z=2.51, P=0.01; OR=1.50, 95% CI=0.98~2.30, Z=1.96, P=0.04). Nevertheless, the adverse reaction (AR) rate in IVIG group was superior to that in placebo group (OR=4.47, 95% CI=1.01~19.81, Z=1.97, P=0.05). Conclusion: IVIG can markedly increase the live birth rate, reduce the miscarriage rate, and enhance pregnancy outcomes in patients with RMC. Nevertheless, the rate of ARs with IVIG therapy is relatively high, thus large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed for validation.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37527 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37527/8571

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1291 1299 Zainab Mhmood Abdulhasan Department of Health Care Management, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ghobad Moradi 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2. Center for Comonoidal Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Hayedeh Hoorsan Department of Nursing-Midwifery, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Yousef Moradi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2024 10 09 2025 01 14 Background: Catastrophic health expenditures can lead to severe household financial burdens, exacerbating poverty and limiting access to necessary health services. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures among households in six provinces of Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, gathering data from 2,400 households in Baghdad, Wasit, Karbala, An-Najaf, Babil, and Maysan in 2023. A two-stage cluster sampling method was utilized, selecting 400 households from each province. Data were collected using WHO "World Health Survey" questionnaire, focusing on health expenditures and household income. Catastrophic health expenditures as defined as out-of-pocket costs exceeding 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression with calculating adjusted odds ratio, were performed using STATA14 software. Results: Overall, 246 households (12.6%) faced Catastrophic health expenditures, with a higher prevalence among female heads of households (13.1%) compared to males (12.6%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that households with 4 to 6 members had 1.52 times higher odds of facing catastrophic health expenditures (AOR=1.52, CI: 1.06 to 2.20). Furthermore, the poorest households had an AOR of 95.28 for experiencing catastrophic health expenditures (OR=95.28, CI: 13.12 to 691.49). Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for tailored policies to reduce the impact of CHE on Iraqi households. By improving access to healthcare and promoting equitable health insurance enrollment, policymakers can alleviate financial strain and support the health and well-being of vulnerable communities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36867 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36867/8581

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1204 1215 Arghavan Madani Student Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra Esfandiari Department of Food Science and Technology, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Yadolah Fakhri Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2024 05 01 2024 12 23 Background: The use of benzoic acid (BA) and its derivatives as food preservatives raises significant food safety concerns, as they may have potential adverse health effects. Method: In this systematic review, BA content was examined in different types of Iranian food with classification of dairy, acidic, beverage, and bakery products. Furthermore, the levels of this preservative compared with Iranian National Standards Organization (INSO) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) value. Databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to extract published studies until Feb 2024. Results: The limit defined by INSO was stricter than the CAC regarding BA in food. Consequently, the results demonstrated a relatively high level of impermissibility of BA with the INSO limit. However, the food products within the permitted range of BA content included a more significant portion according to the CAC limit. The majority of BA levels found in various Iranian studies exceeded the permissible limits set by the INSO, raising health concerns. Conclusion: The study's findings suggest that Iranian food authorities should regularly monitor and analyse food products for BA and its derivatives to mitigate potential future health risks and ensure food safety. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35384/8572

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1300 1309 Adel Mazloumi 1. Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Nagoya City University, School of Data Science, Nagoya, Japan Mojtaba Khosravi Danesh Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansour Shamsipour Department of Methodology of Studies and Data Analysis, Environmental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahram Kouhnavard Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 04 03 2024 12 15 Background: We aimed to validate a thorough ergonomic risk assessment method for tea harvesting farmers. A comparative analysis with established methods such as OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Assessment System), RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) was also conducted. Methods: The research was carried out in 2023 in Guilan Province. The research consisted of three phases: identifying risk factors influencing Musculoskeletal Disorders, validating these factors using the fuzzy Delphi technique (FDT) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) methods, and developing a method that included a customized posture evaluation technique and questionnaire design. The criteria were categorized into personal, task-related, tools and equipment, environmental, and organizational factors. A team of experts evaluated the validity and reliability of the developed method. Results: Out of 60 identified risk factors, 43 were approved. Task-related factors were deemed the most important, while organizational factors were considered the least important by experts. A comparison of evaluator agreement across different tasks using various evaluation methods revealed good agreement in the developed method and REBA, but low agreement in the other two methods. Kappa coefficients for reliability assessment ranged from 0.61 to 0.80 among expert groups. Conclusion: The proposed developed technique had acceptable validity and reliability. In addition to posture evaluation, this technique evaluates personal, environmental, and organizational items using a questionnaire. Comparisons with established methods, including OWAS, RULA, and REBA, revealed that the developed method demonstrates a stronger correlation with disorders due to shared characteristics. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35078 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35078/8582

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1310 1319 EN Marjan Ghiyasvand Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ardeshir hesampour Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hossein Dabiri Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Arasteh Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2024 10 15 2025 01 14 Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Microbiota and their metabolites, including toxins, have been shown to possess anti-tumor properties. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Escherichia coli may trigger inflammation in intestinal cells. We aimed to explore the anti-cancer effects of E. coli-derived OMVs on colorectal cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and pyroptosis, particularly through the over-expression of GSDMD in the CT-26 cell line. Methods: In 2022, five non-replicating probiotic strains of E. coli were obtained from the Histogenotech Company in Tehran, and their OMVs were isolated and characterized. The CT-26 cell line was used to assess cell toxicity and the apoptotic effects of E. coli-derived OMVs. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to measure the expression of apoptosis and pyroptosis markers (GSDMD, NLRP3, and ROCK). Results: The E. coli strains produced nanovesicles (5-200 nm in diameter). OMVs significantly reduced the viability of CT-26 cells and induced apoptosis at a concentration of 10 µg. The expression of GSDMD and NLRP3 was increased, while ROCK expression was downregulated in treated colorectal cells. Conclusion: E. coli-derived OMVs can trigger inflammatory processes and induce negative effects on colorectal cancer cells. Further research is needed to evaluate their potential for colorectal cancer treatment.   &#