Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 1 8 Youngsub LEE Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyoungsup KIM College of Humanities, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 09 2018 06 09 Background: According to Mao Zedong’s orders, the Communist Party of China made efforts to perform the system of ‘barefoot doctors’ even during the political mayhem of the Cultural Revolution. This pioneering medical system made a great contribution to medical services for rural communities and the public health system from 1960s to 1970s. Attracting new attention in the beginning of the 21st century, the barefoot doctor system influenced the formation of the Chinese medical system of unique structure.  Methods: Utilizing and analyzing the currently existing research outcomes on ‘barefoot doctors’, we investigated the two overlooked characteristics in the Chinese medical system originated from the barefoot doctor system; i) why the barefoot doctor system attracts new attention in the 21st century and ii) why and how Western and Chinese medicine could systematically be combined, which is the unique phenomenon in the world. Results: The barefoot doctor system satisfied the Chinese government’s political aims and realistic request under the banner of Cultural Revolution simultaneously. In reality, this system gratified prevention-oriented modernized public health policy, reducing serious gap of medical services between cities and rural areas. Yet, this leading system was abolished in 1980s without timely use. Conclusion: In the present, the barefoot doctor system is holding limelight again as a successful precedent to intensify preventive public health service all over China, especially for underdeveloped areas. Moreover, Chinese medicine-friendly stance to utilize ‘doctors of Chinese medicine’, absolute majority over those of Western medicine, created the uniqueness of integrative medicine.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13660 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13660/6060

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 19 26 Hu-Nyun KIM College of Creative Future Talent, Daejin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Mi-Ae SHIN College of Creative Future Talent, Daejin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Jae-Hun ROH College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Mi-Kyung HAN College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Yu-Mi WON College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ik-Rae CHO College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyo-Joo PARK College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Taek-Kyun LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Keun PARK College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hee-Moon HA College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seung-Won YANG College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seung-Hi MIN College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Shin-Young LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sang-Ho LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ji-Hyuk KIM Dept. of Sports and Leisure, Kwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Se-Jeong KWON College of Sport Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Yeon-Sook LEE Dept. of Exercise & Rehabilitation, Daewon University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea Young-Wan KO Dept. of Social Physical Science, Chodang University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea In-Hong KIM College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea Jeong-Hyeon KWAK Dept. of Taekwondo, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Tae-Gyeom JUNG College of Physical Education, Kyunghee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Jeong-Woo JEON College of Physical Education, Kyunghee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Kyung-Rok OH College of Physical Education, Kyunghee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Hye-Sook HA College of Convergence Culture and Arts, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Me-Suk KIM College of Convergence Culture and Arts, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Yeong-Man KIM Division of Sports, SoongSil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Min-Jeong KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ji-Hyoung CHIN College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 09 2018 06 09  Background: Recently, there has been  a trend that cigarette smoking rate in Asian and Africa adults has increased while the age group to start smoking has decreased gradually. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between lifetime smoking and hypertension, diabetes, obesity, waist measure, fasting blood pressure and food consumption, in order to look into health status depending on smoking status in Koreans. Methods: Totally, 1075 men and 697 women with no disease participated in this study, in which one-way ANOVA was conducted by using SPSS version 18.0 for statistical process. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results: As a result of analysis on relationship between lifetime smoking and hypertension, obesity and diabetes, statistically significant differences were revealed. Lifetime smoking was found to be significantly associated with increased waist measure, higher level of fasting blood sugar, and more ingestion of nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein). Conclusion: Increased amount of lifetime cigarette smoking was shown to negatively influence various health factors, which might become to be a drive to cause diseases. Therefore, method to improve health factors must be sought for via education and campaign to control an amount of cigarette smoking in Korean adults.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13663 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13663/6062

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 82 83 Eui-Ryong HWANG College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 10 2018 06 10 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13675 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13675/6070

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 9 18 Misuk KIM Korea Institute of Sport Science, Korea Sports Promotion Foundation, Seoul, Korea Sejeong PARK Korea Institute of Sport Science, Korea Sports Promotion Foundation, Seoul, Korea Hyunjeong KIM Cultural Contents, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Eunsurk YI Dept. of Exercise Rehabilitation & Welfare, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea Sangwan JEON Dept. of Exercise Rehabilitation & Welfare, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea 2018 06 09 2018 06 09 Background: This study aimed to investigate the trend of physical activity and daily sports participation in the Korean aged population through the review of ‘Research on Public Daily Sports Participation’ published by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The main purpose was to suggest the best health and sports policy for the future. Methods: The result of the research conducted by the government was published 13 times in total from 1989 to 2015. The aged were defined as people in their 60s and 70s since 2006. Based on the research published 7 times from 2006 to 2015, this study analyzed the changes and the trend recognition of health status, physical activities, sports activity effects and environment in the aged population in South Korea. Results: Majority of the aged population was found to hardly recognize their health status, but positively aware of physical and sports activity effect, particularly that the sports facility environment has been improving. Therefore, it is encouraged to set up elderly-friendly routine sports environment to motivate their participation and consequently establish healthy exercise culture. Conclusion: This study has great significance as it suggests the direction of future health and sports policy by analyzing the trend of previous physical activities and daily sports participation among the aged population based on the government-published research.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13661 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13661/6061

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 27 32 Chan Ho PARK Sports Science Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea Yi Sub KWAK Dept. of Physical Education, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea Han Kyo SEO Dept. of Beauty Health Science, Shin Han University, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea, Hye Young KIM Dept. of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea 2018 06 10 2018 06 10 Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blueberry supplementation on exercise performance time, inflammation markers, energy substrates, insulin, and TAS levels during two periods: non-supplemented period and supplemented period. Methods: Eight young active participants were recruited from the Department of Physical Education at some universities in Busan City, Republic of Korea. The test period was divided into two Sections: non-supplemented period and supplemented period. Vo2 max and exercise performance time of participants were measured, with or without blueberry supplementation, with a portable gas analyzer and ECG, respectively. Results: Vo2 max and exercise performance time were increased in the blueberry supplementation period. IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly lowered in blueberry supplementation period following exercise. Conclusion: The blueberry supplementation can potentially increase the exercise performance and decrease the IL-6 and CRP levels caused by an increased TAS level.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13668 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13668/6063

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 33 38 Eun-Jung KIM Dept. of Nursing, Pyeongtaek University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Sung-Won JUNG Dept. of Nursing, Fareast University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea Young-Eun KIM Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dun-Sol GO Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seok-Jun YOON Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 10 2018 06 10 Background: In this study, we presented a theoretical model to measure aging rate in OECD countries, quantitatively measuring the effect of aging rate on disease patterns in each country and explaining how these effects were obtained. The purpose of this study was to investigate how disease burden varies according to the level of medical infrastructure and changes in aging index using OECD aging data and WHO disease burden data. Methods: This study used OECD Health data and global burden of disease data from the WHO in 2000 and 2012. We applied a difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to analyze effects of aging. Results: Disease burdens increased over time, especially in the aging population of middle-aged. In the case of loss of life due to premature death, the number of middle- aged and older population was increased significanLaboratory of Human Ecology, Dept. of Biology, School of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech. Morocco Noureddine ELKHOUDRI Laboratory of Human Ecology, Dept. of Biology, School of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech. Morocco AND Laboratory of Sciences and Health Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences University Hassan First, Settat, Morocco Mohamed CHERKAOUI Laboratory of Human Ecology, Dept. of Biology, School of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech. Morocco 2018 12 05 Background: Inability to conceive is a major problem during reproductive age. This study aimed to describe medical characteristics and different approaches to get better the management of infertility among women referring to some public and private health centers in Morocco. Methods: Overall, 619 infertile women referring to public and private health centers in Marrakech-Safi region were selected by simple random sampling method, between 1 Oct 2013 and 31 Dec 2015. The socio-economic data, demographic characteristics, medical and obstetric variables and types of infertility treatments were simultaneously collected by questionnaire and health record data. The univariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine different infertility treatments. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The rate of primary and secondary infertility was 67.37%, and 32.63%, respectively. In comparison to secondary infertility, primary infertile women with high socio-economic level and low average age have used many fertility drugs and assisted reproductive technologies (Clomifene citrate (45.01 vs. 29.20%), injectable gonadotropins (09.35 vs. 3.96%), dydrogesterone (35.08 vs. 23.26%), intrauterine insemination (3.83 vs. 0.49%), and in-vitro fertilisation (3.11 vs. 1.48%)). Conclusion: The use of infertility’s treatment is limited in Morocco. Outside of medical coverage, the infertility management requires permanent efforts, financial supports, psychological assistance and serious dialogue between all the stakeholders.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15509 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15509/6223

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1805 1815 Mitra KOLIVAND Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran AND Dept. of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mehr Ali RAHIMI Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammad SHARIATI Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsaneh KERAMAT Reproductive Studies and Women’s Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mohammad Hassan EMAMIAN Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-care educational/training interventions on gestational diabetes. Methods: In this review, we searched the ERIC, Clinical Key, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, and ISI databases as well as Iranian databases from 1990 until Jan 2017. Having evaluated 3267 articles by three of the authors, 20 clinical trials with educational/training approach remained for analysis. In this study, CONSORT checklist, JADAD scale and Cochrane handbook were used to evaluate the validity of articles. Results: The quality of 34% of articles was found to be poor due to probability of bias in designing the interventions and the effect of absence of blinding of personnel and participants. However, absence of blinding had a low impact on the results of most studies carried out on objective scales like blood glucose levels, or maternal and neonatal results. Moreover, 66% of studies were assessed to be at a good level of quality. Conclusion: There are few articles with educational/training approach on self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus, but based on the homogeneity of participants and significant results of self-care interventions, especially lifestyle ones, self-care guidelines can be developed for gestational diabetes mellitus.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15505 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15505/6220

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1963 1964 Vesna OBRADOVIC Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ivan SREJOVIC Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Vladimir ZIVKOVIC Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tamara NIKOLIC Dept. Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jovana JEREMIC Dept. Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dragan DJURIC Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Vladimir JAKOVLJEVIC Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia AND Dept. of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia 2018 12 05 Markers of Oxidative Stress in Adolescents with Skeletal Class II Division 1 Malocclusion https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15530 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15530/6242

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1838 1844 Gaoxia DONG Dept. of Obstetrics, The Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252600, China Ying TIAN Dept. of Obstetrics, Zhangqiu Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan 250000, China Xinqin LI Dept. of Obstetrics, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, China 2018 12 05 Background: We aimed to investigate the participation of adiponectin in preeclampsia, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 52 patients with preeclampsia and 30 normal women with full-term pregnancy were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization of MAPK and STAT5. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of adiponectin mRNA in placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. Western blot was used to detect the expression of adiponectin protein, MAPK, p-MAPK, STAT5 and p-STAT5 in placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. Results: p-p38 was highly expressed in placental trophoblasts of patients with preeclampsia, while p-STAT5 was less expressed. Expression level of p-p38 and p-STAT5 in patients with preeclampsia were significantly different from those in normal pregnant women (P<0.01). Expression level of adiponectin mRNA was significantly lower in patients with preeclampsia than in normal pregnant women (P<0.05). Level of p-p38 expression was negatively correlated with levels of adiponectin expression (r=-0.413, P<0.05). Expression level of p-STAT5 was positively correlated with expression level of adiponectin (r=0.526, P<0.01). Conclusion: Adiponectin participates in preeclampsia by regulating the biological function of placental trophoblasts through p38 MAPK-STAT5 pathway.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15510 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15510/6224

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1965 1966 Tae-Jun CHON School of Sports, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport and Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea Jae-Youn JEON Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Korea Jung-Taek SHIN Dept. of Physical Education, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea 2018 12 05 Enhancing Psychological and Physical Fitness Factors of Korea Middle School Students by Introducing Rope Skipping https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15531 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15531/6243

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1845 1853 Alima ALMADIYEVA Dept. of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan Serik IBRAYEV Dept. of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan Assiya TURGAMBAYEVA Dept. of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan Alexandr KOSTYUK National Center for Medicines, Medical Devices and Medical Equipment Expertise, Astana, Kazakhstan Zayituna KHISMETOVA Dept. of Public Health, Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Zhanar AKHMETOVA Dept. of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan 2018 12 05 Background: The triple therapy including peginterferon, ribavirin and protease inhibitors was more effective compared to the combination of only peginterferon and ribavirin. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of triple treatment in either treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients in Kazakhstan. Methods: A Markov model was created to assess long-term clinical advantages and the cost-effectiveness of the triple therapy from Kazakhstan payer perspective. Health state transition probabilities, pharmaceutical and other costs (according to the price in 2015), and utility rate were acquired from the published studies and publicly available sources. All used costs and benefits were discounted at 5% per year. Results: Despite treatment background, the patients, receiving boceprevir and telaprevir, were estimated to experience less serious liver-disease complications, more life-years, and more QALYs compared to the patients having standard of care. For treatment-experienced group, boceprevir and telaprevir were dominant, with more QALYs. For all the groups of patients, incremental costs per QALY gained were between USD14995 and USD18075. The total average cost of boceprevir is slightly more cos