Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 1 8 Youngsub LEE Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyoungsup KIM College of Humanities, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 09 2018 06 09 Background: According to Mao Zedong’s orders, the Communist Party of China made efforts to perform the system of ‘barefoot doctors’ even during the political mayhem of the Cultural Revolution. This pioneering medical system made a great contribution to medical services for rural communities and the public health system from 1960s to 1970s. Attracting new attention in the beginning of the 21st century, the barefoot doctor system influenced the formation of the Chinese medical system of unique structure.  Methods: Utilizing and analyzing the currently existing research outcomes on ‘barefoot doctors’, we investigated the two overlooked characteristics in the Chinese medical system originated from the barefoot doctor system; i) why the barefoot doctor system attracts new attention in the 21st century and ii) why and how Western and Chinese medicine could systematically be combined, which is the unique phenomenon in the world. Results: The barefoot doctor system satisfied the Chinese government’s political aims and realistic request under the banner of Cultural Revolution simultaneously. In reality, this system gratified prevention-oriented modernized public health policy, reducing serious gap of medical services between cities and rural areas. Yet, this leading system was abolished in 1980s without timely use. Conclusion: In the present, the barefoot doctor system is holding limelight again as a successful precedent to intensify preventive public health service all over China, especially for underdeveloped areas. Moreover, Chinese medicine-friendly stance to utilize ‘doctors of Chinese medicine’, absolute majority over those of Western medicine, created the uniqueness of integrative medicine.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13660 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13660/6060

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 19 26 Hu-Nyun KIM College of Creative Future Talent, Daejin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Mi-Ae SHIN College of Creative Future Talent, Daejin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Jae-Hun ROH College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Mi-Kyung HAN College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Yu-Mi WON College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ik-Rae CHO College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyo-Joo PARK College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Taek-Kyun LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Keun PARK College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hee-Moon HA College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seung-Won YANG College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seung-Hi MIN College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Shin-Young LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sang-Ho LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ji-Hyuk KIM Dept. of Sports and Leisure, Kwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Se-Jeong KWON College of Sport Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Yeon-Sook LEE Dept. of Exercise & Rehabilitation, Daewon University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea Young-Wan KO Dept. of Social Physical Science, Chodang University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea In-Hong KIM College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea Jeong-Hyeon KWAK Dept. of Taekwondo, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Tae-Gyeom JUNG College of Physical Education, Kyunghee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Jeong-Woo JEON College of Physical Education, Kyunghee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Kyung-Rok OH College of Physical Education, Kyunghee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Hye-Sook HA College of Convergence Culture and Arts, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Me-Suk KIM College of Convergence Culture and Arts, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Yeong-Man KIM Division of Sports, SoongSil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Min-Jeong KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ji-Hyoung CHIN College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 09 2018 06 09  Background: Recently, there has been  a trend that cigarette smoking rate in Asian and Africa adults has increased while the age group to start smoking has decreased gradually. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between lifetime smoking and hypertension, diabetes, obesity, waist measure, fasting blood pressure and food consumption, in order to look into health status depending on smoking status in Koreans. Methods: Totally, 1075 men and 697 women with no disease participated in this study, in which one-way ANOVA was conducted by using SPSS version 18.0 for statistical process. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results: As a result of analysis on relationship between lifetime smoking and hypertension, obesity and diabetes, statistically significant differences were revealed. Lifetime smoking was found to be significantly associated with increased waist measure, higher level of fasting blood sugar, and more ingestion of nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein). Conclusion: Increased amount of lifetime cigarette smoking was shown to negatively influence various health factors, which might become to be a drive to cause diseases. Therefore, method to improve health factors must be sought for via education and campaign to control an amount of cigarette smoking in Korean adults.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13663 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13663/6062

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 82 83 Eui-Ryong HWANG College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 10 2018 06 10 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13675 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13675/6070

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 9 18 Misuk KIM Korea Institute of Sport Science, Korea Sports Promotion Foundation, Seoul, Korea Sejeong PARK Korea Institute of Sport Science, Korea Sports Promotion Foundation, Seoul, Korea Hyunjeong KIM Cultural Contents, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Eunsurk YI Dept. of Exercise Rehabilitation & Welfare, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea Sangwan JEON Dept. of Exercise Rehabilitation & Welfare, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea 2018 06 09 2018 06 09 Background: This study aimed to investigate the trend of physical activity and daily sports participation in the Korean aged population through the review of ‘Research on Public Daily Sports Participation’ published by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The main purpose was to suggest the best health and sports policy for the future. Methods: The result of the research conducted by the government was published 13 times in total from 1989 to 2015. The aged were defined as people in their 60s and 70s since 2006. Based on the research published 7 times from 2006 to 2015, this study analyzed the changes and the trend recognition of health status, physical activities, sports activity effects and environment in the aged population in South Korea. Results: Majority of the aged population was found to hardly recognize their health status, but positively aware of physical and sports activity effect, particularly that the sports facility environment has been improving. Therefore, it is encouraged to set up elderly-friendly routine sports environment to motivate their participation and consequently establish healthy exercise culture. Conclusion: This study has great significance as it suggests the direction of future health and sports policy by analyzing the trend of previous physical activities and daily sports participation among the aged population based on the government-published research.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13661 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13661/6061

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 27 32 Chan Ho PARK Sports Science Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea Yi Sub KWAK Dept. of Physical Education, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea Han Kyo SEO Dept. of Beauty Health Science, Shin Han University, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea, Hye Young KIM Dept. of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea 2018 06 10 2018 06 10 Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blueberry supplementation on exercise performance time, inflammation markers, energy substrates, insulin, and TAS levels during two periods: non-supplemented period and supplemented period. Methods: Eight young active participants were recruited from the Department of Physical Education at some universities in Busan City, Republic of Korea. The test period was divided into two Sections: non-supplemented period and supplemented period. Vo2 max and exercise performance time of participants were measured, with or without blueberry supplementation, with a portable gas analyzer and ECG, respectively. Results: Vo2 max and exercise performance time were increased in the blueberry supplementation period. IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly lowered in blueberry supplementation period following exercise. Conclusion: The blueberry supplementation can potentially increase the exercise performance and decrease the IL-6 and CRP levels caused by an increased TAS level.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13668 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13668/6063

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 Supple 1 2018 06 10 33 38 Eun-Jung KIM Dept. of Nursing, Pyeongtaek University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Sung-Won JUNG Dept. of Nursing, Fareast University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea Young-Eun KIM Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dun-Sol GO Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seok-Jun YOON Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2018 06 10 2018 06 10 Background: In this study, we presented a theoretical model to measure aging rate in OECD countries, quantitatively measuring the effect of aging rate on disease patterns in each country and explaining how these effects were obtained. The purpose of this study was to investigate how disease burden varies according to the level of medical infrastructure and changes in aging index using OECD aging data and WHO disease burden data. Methods: This study used OECD Health data and global burden of disease data from the WHO in 2000 and 2012. We applied a difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to analyze effects of aging. Results: Disease burdens increased over time, especially in the aging population of middle-aged. In the case of loss of life due to premature death, the number of middle- aged and older population was increased significanract locale="en_US">Background: Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. The infection is characterized by acute and chronic illness, that often lead to liver cirrhosis, and death. In this study, we determined the proportion of patients with hepatitis B infection in Mogadishu and evaluated their hepatitis B viral DNA. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive study was conducted between July 2022 and October 2023 to collect data from all patients sent to the Dr. Sumait Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia for hepatitis B DNA detection and viral load determination. Results: Among the 406 patients studied in a clinical setting, 54.4% tested positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The cohort predominantly consisted of males (62.8%) and individuals aged 30-39 years (32.8%). Age and sex were significantly associated with HBV positivity, with higher odds observed in older age groups with a 2.62 times higher risk of infection (95%CI=1.447-4.750) for the individuals aged between 30-39 years old, 3.19 times greater (95%CI=1.671-6.114) for those age group between 40-49 years old, and 3.13 times greater (95%CI=1.670-5.870) for those age group above 50 years. It should be noted that these findings are based on a clinical cohort and therefore may not represent the prevalence of HBV in the general population. Conclusion: This study highlights a high proportion of HBV infection among clinical patients with known or suspected HBV infection in Mogadishu, with significant associations between age, sex, and infection risk. Further population-based studies are needed to assess the true burden of HBV in the general population in Somalia.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35571 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35571/8754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 26 39 Nik Zatul-Iffah N Mohd Nabil Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore Research Centre of Education Leadership and Policy, Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Syazwan Zainal Research Centre of Education and Community Well-being, Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2025 03 12 2025 09 25 Background: Self-esteem is a pivotal yet fragile factor influencing the learning and psychosocial outcomes of students with learning disabilities (LD). Although widely discussed, evidence has been inconsistent and dispersed across cultural and methodological contexts. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases search identified 54 records from Scopus and Web of Science, of which eight studies published between 2008 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were synthesized into three domains, psychological dimensions, social support and educational interventions. Results: Findings revealed consistent psychological vulnerabilities. Students with LD reported lower academic self-concept than peers, while large-scale evidence showed overall moderate self-esteem with gender differences favoring males. Qualitative accounts from adults indicated ambivalent identities, blending positive traits such as independence with negative perceptions of anxiety and inadequacy. Social support emerged as a protective factor with friendships, parental involvement and teacher encouragement fostering resilience and buffering against stigma. Interventions demonstrated tangible benefits, educational therapy with 150 children improved self-esteem and reduced behavioral problems, while adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy enhanced emotional regulation and self-worth in adults. Conclusion: The evidence highlights the need for integrated, culturally responsive and gender-sensitive approaches that address both academic competence and psychosocial well-being. Future research should adopt larger, longitudinal and cross-cultural designs to better capture developmental trajectories across the lifespan. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38474 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38474/8744

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 177 179 Haewon Byeon Worker's Care & Digital Health Lab, Department of Future Technology, Korea University of Technology and Education (KO-REA TECH), Cheonan 31253, South Korea 2025 03 17 2025 07 17 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38534/8759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 151 161 Azam Rahimzadeh kalaleh Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Bahrambeygi Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeid Besharati Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Nomani Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zobeydeh Saeed Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 05 20 2025 10 19 Background: Air pollution is an important global public health concern with multiple consequences for the individuals with respiratory diseases. We aimed to assess the influence of air pollution variables on the hospitalization rates of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Atmospheric pollutant parameters, such as NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM₂.₅, PM10, and AQI, from Mar 2022 to Mar 2024 were measured. The information of COPD patients was extracted from Masih Daneshvari Hospital (referral center for respiratory diseases in Tehran). The relationship among data, Relative Risk (RR), and Attributable Proportion (AP) for prolonged exposure to air pollutants during a biennial period was assessed using the Air Quality Plus (2.2.4) software. Results: March 2023 saw the highest number of hospitalizations, with an average of 4.16 cases. This was concurrent with an elevation in PM₂.₅ concentrations. Furthermore, the month of Aug 2023 exhibited a high hospitalization rate, with an average of 3.8 cases, linked to the rise in the concentration of PM₂.₅, NO2, and O3 air pollutants. The highest mean relative risks (RRs) associated with acute exacerbation of COPD were as follows: (PM10: 1.83, PM₂.₅: 1.76). Conclusion: High levels of air pollution, specially PM₂.₅, significantly worsen COPD conditions and are a main trigger for COPD exacerbation. Consequently, enforcing more stringent air quality regulations is an essential public health approach to alleviate the incidence of COPD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39189 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39189/8755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 40 52 Mi Wang Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Nianci Xiao Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Qingxiu Yao Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Mengmeng Chen Otolaryngology Department, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China Weiliu Zhu Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China 2025 03 04 2025 06 01 Background: Chronic tinnitus significantly impacts patients' quality of life, with no consensus on the long-term efficacy of different interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, literature was searched across eight databases up to November 2024. Ten randomized controlled trials were selected. A random-effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Results: Compared to control groups, TRT significantly improved THI scores (MD = -8.72, 95% CI: -16.65 to -0.79, P=0.03) and showed a trend toward improving VAS scores (MD = -2.78, 95% CI: -5.57 to 0.02, P=0.05). Heterogeneity was high (I²=90-96%), but sensitivity analysis confirmed stable results. Conclusion: TRT has a significant long-term therapeutic effect on chronic tinnitus. Future studies should increase sample sizes, standardize interventions, and optimize review processes to reduce heterogeneity and define optimal TRT strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38386/8745

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 180 181 Zahra Zamanian Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Vafa Feyzi Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mousa Bamir Medical Librarianship, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Salman Farahbakhsh 1. Department of Occupational Health, Instructor of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciencess, Sirjan, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz Universi-ty of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2025 12 28 2026 02 08 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/41865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/41865/8760

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