Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 633 640 Maura FERRARI BRAVO Struttura Complessa Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, ASL4 Chiavarese-Regione Liguria, Corso Dante 163, 16043, Chiavari, Italy Fabrizio GALLO Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Chiavarese-Regione Liguria, via Terzi 43/A, 16039, Sestri Levante, Italy Concetta MARCHELLO Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Chiavarese-Regione Liguria, via Terzi 43/A, 16039, Sestri Levante, Italy Roberta BOICELLI Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Chiavarese-Regione Liguria, via Terzi 43/A, 16039, Sestri Levante, Italy Silvia LUPI Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Medicina di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121Ferrara, Italy Massimiliano ATZEI The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Francesco BRUNETTI The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Romina CASARETTO The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Federico DAPELO The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Daniela GEREVINI The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Eliana LEONARDELLI The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Anna MANNO The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Elisabetta PERI The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Paola SOAVE The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Angelo TRAVERSARO The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Antonio ZAMPOGNA The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Roberto ZUNINO The Study Group of Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (SIMG), Sezione Tigullio, Italy Armando STEFANATI Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Medicina di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121Ferrara, Italy Giovanni GABUTTI Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Medicina di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121Ferrara, Italy 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: Malnutrition, a very common condition in the elderly, is known to increase their vulnerability to adverse health events. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in the over 75-yr-old community-dwelling population in the “Chiavarese” Local Health Unit district (North West Italy). Methods: The short version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) was used by General Practitioners (GP) as a screening tool to investigate the nutritional status of elderly people (1039 subjects). The study was conducted in 2012- 2013 in the Local Health Unit of Chiavari (Liguria Region), Italy. The malnutrition was subsequently confirmed by means of biochemical parameters. Subjects at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (n=22) received personalized dietary counseling by the GP. Results: The MNA-SF recognized 21% of the elderly people being at risk of malnutrition and biochemical tests confirmed a malnutrition prevalence of 3.5%. The dietary counseling improved the MNA-SF score and biochemical parameters, but the difference was statistically significant only for the MNA-SF score (P=0.00613). Conclusion: Malnutrition can be evaluated with a simple tool such as the MNA-SF, recognized at the earliest stage and successfully treated by the GP.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13340 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13340/5969

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 623 632 Shuaishuai HUANG Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Hui CUI Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Zhongguan LOU Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Xue WANG Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Liangliang CHEN Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Zhenhua XIE Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Michael HEHIR Dept. of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China Xuping YAO Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Yu REN Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Dong CEN Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China Guobin WENG Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China 2018 05 08 2018 05 08 Background: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the association between the two SNPs and PCa risk. Methods: Medline, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Wan Fang Database and Chinese Zhi Wang Database were searched for the association of the two SNPs with susceptibility to PCa. The effect size was pooled by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Nine case-control studies, 5 on rs3787016 and 4 on rs2910164, were included. As regards rs3787016, an increased risk of PCa was identified in all genotype models (T versus C: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.11-1.25; CT versus CC: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.26; TT versus CC: OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.22-1.63; TT + CT versus CC: OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.30; TT versus CT + CC: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.15-1.52). However, no significant association was found between rs2910164 and PCa risk in any genetic models, in fact a trend of reduced risk could be seen (C versus G: OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.05; GC versus GG: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.74-1.18; CC versus GG: OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.47-1.02; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.73-1.12; CC versus GC + GG: OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.08). Besides, in analysis of subgroups by source of controls, the decreased results were observed in studies using population-based controls. Conclusion: lncRNA POLR2E polymorphism rs3787016 is associated with a significantly increased risk of PCa, while a trend of reduced risk appears with mir-146a polymorphism rs2910164.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13302 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13302/5968

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 750 754 Mohammad Bagher ROKNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo BOZORGOMID Dept. of Microbiolgy, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran Peyman HEYDARIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13  Fascioliasis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by the two parasite species Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. In spite of the presence of both species of Fasciola in the livestock, to our knowledge, to date, no cases of human F. gigantica infection have been reported in Iran officially. Here, we report such a case in a 25 yr old woman referred to The Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2016. CT imaging and MRCP revealed an ill-defined lesion of segments of liver. Specific ELISA produced a positive result besides detecting egg of the parasite via stool exam. The identification of parasite species was performed by the DNA extracted from the eggs and sequencing ITS-1, in addition to comparison to GenBank retrieved sequences, using the BLAST search tool. The sample showed 100% identity with F. gigantica. She was treated for fasciolosis with a single dose of Egaten® 10 mg/kg with positive response. This is the first case of human fasciolosis due to F. gigantica reported in Iran.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13360/5984

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 755 756 Yongbum KWON Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea Do Gyun LEE Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 NO ABSTRACT### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13361/5985

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 735 741 Asima RANI Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Syed Kashif NAWAZ Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sub Campus, Mianwali, Pakistan Muhammad ARSHAD Principal, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus, Lahore, Pakistan Shazia IRFAN Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2018 05 13 2018 05 13  Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the human immune mechanism play important role in the detection of invading pathogens. TLRs specifically recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from pathogens and start the effective response. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLRs can mediate their functions. Present study evaluated the importance of rs4986790 polymorphism of TLR4 gene in susceptibility towards malaria, clinical outcomes of the disease and responsible species of malaria. Methods: Blood samples of 228 malaria patients and 226 healthy volunteers were selected for the study. Sample collection was completed during Sep 2013 to Sep 2015 from different hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan. Patient's samples were divided into P. vivax group and P. falciparum group on the basis of causative species of Plasmodium. Malaria samples were also divided into mild and severe malaria group based on clinical outcomes of the disease according to WHO criteria. Healthy individuals were placed in the control group. Whole blood was used for the isolation of DNA. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplification of targeted SNP was performed using allele-specific PCR. Results: Results indicate the protective role of AA genotype against the susceptibility of P. vivax infection, OR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.285- 0.876, P=0.038. Conclusion: rs4986790 polymorphism of TLR4 gene modulates the susceptibility towards P. vivax infection. AA genotype is found to be protective against the development of P. vivax infection in the local population of Pakistan.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13358/5982

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 641 647 Nuan WANG Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China Hao ZHOU Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China Hongli HUANG Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China Deqin GENG Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China Xiuhua YANG Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China Chunyu YU Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China Di SHI Dept. of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: We determined the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of SRM-IV vestibular function diagnosis and treatment system on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods: Overall, 120 patients with BPPV diagnosed in the outpatient and in-patient departments of the Vertigo Treatment Center of the First People's Hospital of Xuzhou from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into three groups. Automatic repositioning procedure was conducted for 40 patients in the equipment repositioning group by SRM-IV vestibular function diagnosis and treatment system, conventional manual repositioning procedure was used for 40 patients in the manual repositioning group, and combination of treatment drugs (alprostadil and safflower injection) with acclimatization training was adopted in 40 patients in the drug therapy group. Results: After 1 week of treatment, the cure rate and total effective rate in the equipment repositioning group and the manual repositioning group were significantly higher than those in drug therapy group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 100.0% in the equipment-repositioning group and 92.5% in manual repositioning group; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The success rate of one-time treatment of anterior semicircular canal BPPV, posterior semicircular canal BPPV and lateral semicircular canal BPPV in the equipment-repositioning group were higher than those in the manual repositioning group were. Conclusion: The SRM-IV vestibular function diagnosis and treatment system are helpful in achieving effective and standard diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13341 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13341/5970

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 757 758 Gulnur DOSZHANOVA Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan Aigul ABDULDAYEVA Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan Kulsara DOSMAMBETOVA Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13362 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13362/5986

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 742 749 Peyvand BIGLARI Dept. of Biology Biosystematics, Faculty of Modern Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran Hasan BAKHSHI Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Sadegh CHINIKAR Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Hamid BELQEISZADEH Dept. of Parasitology and Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran Masoud GHAFFARI Veterinary Office of Golpayegan, Isfahan, Iran Siavash JAVAHERIZADEH Dept. of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran Faezeh FAGHIHI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zakkyeh TELMADARRAIY Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13  Background: This study was carried out to determine the infestation of domestic ruminants to ticks in an important livestock-rearing region, located in central part of Iran. Methods: Ticks were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats and then were identified with appropriate identification keys to species level in two different ecological regions of plains and mountain in 4 seasons in 2015. Results: Totally 492 ticks from cattle, sheep, and goats in 34 herds were collected. Totally, 18.53% of domestic animals were infected by ticks. All ticks were belonged to family Ixodidae and classified into three genera and six species comprising Hyalomma anatolicum (38.83%), Hy. Asiaticum (23.37%), Hy. marginatum (2.85%), Hy. sp. (3.45%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.02%) and Haemaphysalis sulcata (10.98%). Sex ratio of the collected specimens showed 241 (48.99%) male, 219 (44.51%) female and 32 (6.5%) nymph Conclusion: Studied area is important for production of livestock and dairy products. Annually, many livestock products are exported to other parts from this region; therefore, it is very important to identify the infection rate of tick-borne diseases as well as safety factors on livestock.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13359/5983

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 648 657 Jeong Eun MOON Chosun Nursing College, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Keum Seong JANG College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, Gwangju, Republic of Korea 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: To improve efficient and systematic management and following of healthcare-associated infection guidelines, the relationship among various factors must be understood. Efforts should be made to strengthen or reduce relevant factors. We developed a structural equation model for following HAI-control guidelines Methods: Overall, 388 Korean registered nurses participated in this study and data collection was conducted Jul 21-Aug 31, 2014 using a self-reported questionnaire, and 392 of 400 copies were collected (98% recovery rate). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability, and Pearson’s coefficient. Model identification evaluation was conducted by goodness-of-fit index and impact analysis. Results: Results of goodness-of-fit of modified model were as follows: χ2=120.57 (df=16, P<.001), GFI (Goodness of Fit Index)=.95, RMSEA (Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation)=.10, SRMR (Standardizes Root-Mean-Square residual)=.06, NFI (Normal Fir Index)=.90, CFI (Comparative Fit Index)=.90. Factors with a statistically significant direct impact on behavioral intention are as follows; perceived behavior control (β=.35, P=.008), subjective norm (β=.27, P=.002), and job demands (β=-.08, P=.083). Organizational factors directly influenced following guidelines. Explanatory power of organizational factors on guideline compliance was greatest (C.R. [Critical Ratio] =5.67, P<.001). Conclusion: Supportive leadership and a positive organizational culture development strategy are essential. The hospital leader group should provide adequate resources to facilitate compliance with guidelines as well as create an atmosphere of on-site support that ensures guidelines will be followed, and engage in continuous monitoring and feedback regarding following of guidelines.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13342 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13342/5971

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 759 761 Bang Sub LEE Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Eun-Ju CHOI Dept. of Physical Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13363 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13363/5987

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 658 665 Lei WANG Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China Tongqing WANG Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China Jian LIU Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China Jizheng WANG Dept. of Urology, Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to explore the correlation of ED with LUTS and its clinical features. Methods: Overall, 400 outpatients and inpatients with LUTS diagnosed in Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected. LUTS degree was assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and ED degree was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The correlation of ED with LUTS degree, age, blood lipids, homocysteine (Hcy) and other factors was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of ED in patients with LUTS was 82.25%. With the increase in age, the prevalence of ED was significantly elevated, and ED degree gradually became higher (P<0.01). The higher the degree of LUTS was, the higher the prevalence of ED would be. The degree of ED was highly correlated with the combination with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (P<0.05). The prevalence of ED was positively correlated with LUTS degree and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Hcy (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: ED prevalence of patients with LUTS is high, and ED is significantly related to LUTS degree, age and the levels of TC, LDL-C and Hcy in patients with LUTS.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13344 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13344/5972

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 762 764 Cut LLF PUTRI Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Masra L. SIREGAR Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Dept. of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Harapan HARAPAN Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Husnah HUSNAH Dept. of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13364 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13364/5988

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 666 673 Yang Sun PARK Dept. of Physical Education, College of Performing Arts and Sports, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Ji-Won KIM Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Yuri KWON Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Moon-Seok KWON Division of Sports Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea 2018 05 13 2018 05 13  Background: Incidence of falling in the older-elderly is higher than that of the younger-elderly. In addition, falls occur more in elderly women than in elderly men. However, it is unclear whether age and sex-specific differences exist in gait characteristics of the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate age- and sex-related differences in gait characteristics of the Korean elderly people. Methods: A total of 75 younger-elderly subjects (age of 65-74 yr; 21 men and 54 women) and 59 older-elderly subjects (age of 75-90 yr; 15 men and 44 women) participated in this study in 2014. All participants walked a distance of 8 m across a GaitRite walkway with self-selected speed. The effects of age and sex on spatiotemporal gait variables in the Korean elderly people were analyzed before and after adjusting height as covariate. Results: The older-elderly group slowly walked with shorter stride length (P<0.05) and step length (P<0.05) compared to the younger-elderly, regardless of their height. There was no significant sex difference after adjusting height as covariate, although elderly women walked with shorter stride length (P<0.01) and step length (P<0.01) than elderly men. The elderly women group walked with more variable stride time (P<0.05) and with longer double support (P<0.01). Conclusion: Age-related changes and sex difference among the elderly existed in specific gait variables. Characterizing gait patterns of the Korean elderly people considering both age and sex would be beneficial to assess gait of the elderly with risk of falls for fall interventions.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13345 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13345/5973

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 765 767 Ramazan GÜVEN Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Bitlis State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey K. Can AKYOL Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey Nermin BAYAR Dept. of Cardiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey Faruk GÜNGÖR Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey Ali Haydar AKÇA Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Van Region Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey Ahmet ÇELIK Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Neutrophil Count as a Predictor of Critical Coronary Artery  Stenosis in Young Patients https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13365/5989

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 674 681 Shi GUO Dept. of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China Dan LIN Wenzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang, China Li-li WANG Wenzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang, China Hong HU Dept. of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: To investigate the epidemiologic distribution of foodborne diseases in Wenzhou City from 2014-2015, we analyzed the characteristics and main pathogens of foodborne disease outbreaks to provide a reference for the prevention, control, and early warning of foodborne diseases. Methods: A total of 9139 patients with foodborne diseases were included in the database of active monitoring from sentinel hospitals in Wenzhou City, China. Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus in the stool samples collected from patients with foodborne diseases were detected according to national standards. Results: There were 82 cases of Salmonella, 6 cases of Shigella, 393 cases of V. parahaemolyticus, 9 cases of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, and 143 cases of norovirus in the 9139 stool and anal swab samples, for a total detection rate of 6.98%. The peak season in which foodborne diseases occurred was from Jun-Oct. The high-risk populations were the 0-5, 16-25, 26-35, 35-45, and 46-55 yr age groups. Aquatic products accounted for the greatest proportion of suspected food, followed by meat, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. Conclusion: V. parahaemolyticus was the main pathogen of foodborne diseases in the Wenzhou urban area; Salmonella and norovirus were also foodborne disease pathogens. To prevent foodborne diseases, it is necessary to strengthen active monitoring, especially the sanitary management of seafood.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13346/5974

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 768 769 Jafar HASSANZADEH Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Alireza MIRAHMADIZADEH Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mehran KARIMI Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shahab REZAEIAN Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13366 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13366/5990

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 682 688 Fatih SANTAS Dept. of Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey Gulcan SANTAS Dept. of Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey 2018 05 13 2018 05 13  Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of obesity among women in Turkey. Methods: The data source was the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013, conducted by Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Cross-tables and binary logistic regression were used in the study. Results: Obesity was a serious problem among women in Turkey. Obesity rate was 21.7% in 1998 and increased to 26.5% in 2013. Age, education level, the number of births, region, residence, and wealth status were included as potential risk factors. Age was an important variable affecting obesity and increased with age. There was an inverse relationship between obesity and education level. Women having no education or not completed primary school and those who were not working were higher at obesity risk. Obesity increased with the giving births of mothers. Obesity was mostly observed in the West and Central. As household welfare increased, obesity increased except for 2013 research. Conclusion: Preventive interventions should be announced particularly among urban women in Turkey. Women should be stimulated by physical activities and informed by realistic food policies.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13347 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13347/5975

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 770 772 Sanaz NARGESI Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sassan REZAIE Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13367/5991

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 689 697 Pengju WANG Center of Systems and Industrial Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Zhuang XIONG School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Hua YANG Zhongyuan-Petersburg Aviation College, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: The increasing number of graduate students in China has resulted in the wide concern for their mental health problems. The coping style and social support are important factors that affect the mental health of individuals. This study aims to explore the relationship of the mental health, social support, and coping style of graduate students. Methods: The sample consisted of 260 graduate students from three universities of China. The participants were evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Social Support Revalued Scale (SSRS), and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ) in October and November 2017. The data of the scale were analyzed with t-test, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The graduate students had lower scores than the national norm standard on all subscales, except for anxiety and phobic anxiety in the SCL-90. Graduate students’ mental health was significantly negatively correlated with social support, problem-solving, and help-seeking and significantly positively correlated with self-blame, fantasy, withdrawal, and rationalization. Coping style and social support affected the mental health of graduate students, in which the regression coefficients of the subscales of problem-solving, rationalization, self-blame, and fantasy were −0.168, 0.070, 0.125, and 0.113, respectively. The regression coefficients of the subscales of subjective and objective supports were −0.086 and −0.024, respectively. Conclusion: The positive coping style and social support improve the level of graduate students’ mental health through the gain effect and alleviate abnormal psychological symptoms. The conclusions of this study can provide a reference to improve the psychological intervention strategies for graduate students.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13349 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13349/5976

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 773 774 Aidin ARYANKHESAL Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Meysam BEHZADIFAR Dept. of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Nicola LUIGI BRAGAZZI Dept. of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Ahmad GHASHGHAEE Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud BEHZADIFAR Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13368 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13368/5992

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 698 705 Rui HAN Institute of Ideological & Political Education, School of Marxism, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Lin WEI Institute of Ideological & Political Education, School of Marxism, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Jingping LI Dept. of Political Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Ding ZHANG Dept. of Hematology, Shaanxi People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China Hongliang LI Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate OCB among physicians in China and explore whether their job satisfaction mediates the association between doctor-patient relationship (DPR) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 1400 physicians in Shaanxi, China in 2014. The subjects were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology. The self-administered questionnaires included OCB Scale, DDPRQ, and PJSQ. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of job satisfaction on the association between DPR and OCB. Results: DPR negatively predicted four dimensions of OCB, including conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, and altruism. DPR was negatively related to five job satisfaction dimensions, namely work satisfaction (WS), promotion satisfaction (PS), reward satisfaction (RS), supervision satisfaction (SS), and environment satisfaction (ES). WS was positively correlated with conscientiousness and civic virtue; PS and SS were positively related to all four OCB dimensions; RS was positively related with civic virtue and altruism, and ES was positively correlated with conscientiousness and civic virtue. WS and PS partially mediated the association between DPR and conscientiousness; PS and SS partially mediated the relation between DPR and sportsmanship; PS, SS, and ES mediated the association between DPR and civic virtue; and PS, RS and SS partially mediated the relation between DPR and altruism. Conclusion: Job satisfaction mediated the association between DPR and OCB among Chinese physicians. The poor DPR possibly reduce physicians’ job satisfaction, thereby causing a decline of OCB in hospitals. Therefore, DPR improvement and job satisfaction have a great potential to promote physicians’ job performance in China.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13352 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13352/5977

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 775 776 Kabir Ozigi ABDULLAHI Dept. of Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kourosh HOLAKOUIE-NAIENI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas RAHIMI FOROUSHANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham AHMADNEZHAD Dept. of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Owais RAZA Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad NEMATOLLAHI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13369 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13369/5993

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 706 712 Amir ALMASI-HASHIANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali MANSOURNIA Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza REZAEIFARD Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Kazem MOHAMMAD Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: Marginal Structural Models (MSMs) are novel methods to estimate causal effect in epidemiology by using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) and Stabilized Weight to reduce confounding effects. This study aimed to estimate causal effect of donor source on renal transplantation survival. Methods: In this cohort study, 1354 transplanted patients with a median 42.55 months follow-up in Namazee Hospital Transplantation Center, Shiraz from Mar 1999 to Mar 2009, were included to use marginal structural Cox regression, binomial logistic regression model to estimate causal effect of donor source on the survival of renal transplantation. IPTW and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting are used as weights. Results: The un-weighted (crude) hazard ratios for live unrelated donor and deceased donor in comparison to live related donor as reference group was (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.58-1.83, P=0.89) and (HR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.67-4.31, P=0.001), respectively. Using a marginal structural Cox regression model and by stabilized weight, the hazard ratios for live-unrelated donor and cadaveric donor were (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.47-2.45, P=0.84) and (HR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.59-8.26, P=0.002), respectively. There was no difference between estimated effect size from marginal structural Cox regression, marginal structural logistic regression, and marginal structural Weibull regression model. Conclusion: There is no difference between related and unrelated donor source hazard ratio; however, hazard ratio for cadaveric donor was 3.63 times of hazard ratio for related donor and 3.34 times of it for unrelated donor. Therefore, the live donor (related or unrelated) has a better survival of renal transplantation than cadaveric donor.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13353 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13353/5978

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 713 719 Reza RANJBAR Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Omid FARAHANI Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: Due to the widespread different pathogenic strains, Escherichia coli lead many severe to normal diseases worldwide. Finding the relation of clones with genomic content and clinical features is a key point to recognize the high potential-invasive strains. Specific virulence factors include adhesions, invasions, toxins, and capsule are the main determinants of pathogenic factors of E. coli strains. Methods: From Jun 2014 to Jun ‎‎2016, E. coli isolates recovered using standard bacteriological methods from wastewater sources in different hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were monitored to recognize the virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The high and low presences of virulence factors were fimH, 76% and afa, 13%, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated the potential pathogenicity of E. coli strains circulating in hospital wastewaters in Tehran, Iran.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13354 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13354/5979

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 720 728 Abbas SHEIKHTAHERI Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Monireh SADEQI-JABALI Dept. of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Zahra HASHEMI-DEHAGHI Dept. of Management and Accounting, School of Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran AND Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: To prevent health care errors, the main causes and preventive strategies should be identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the causes and preventive strategies of health care errors from the perspectives of physicians. Methods: We surveyed 250 randomly selected physicians in five teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2015. We used a questionnaire with 29 questions regarding causes and 17 ones regarding the preventive strategies. The participants were asked to answer the questions based on Likert’s five-point score (1=very low to 5= very high). The data was analyzed using descriptive (frequency, and mean scores) and inferential statistics in SPSS. Results: Managerial factors (3.6±0.7), personal factors of providers (3.5±0.6), factors related to the patients (3.4±0.71), and the factors pertinent to laboratory and pharmacy (3.2±0.8) were the main causes respectively. The most important preventive strategies were improvement of academic education, better taking past medical history, implementing electronic prescription and increasing healthcare budget. Conclusion: Heavy workloads, long work shifts, failure to do thorough examination and to collect detailed history information, providers’ fatigue, patients’ reluctance to follow orders or to give their complete information, failure to give detailed instruction to patients about the medications, lack or insufficient monitoring and supervising systems, and lack of enough budget were some of the most important causes of errors. Using IT to access patients’ information, improving patients’ adherence, reducing workload, developing efficient methods for collecting patients’ information, dedicating adequate budget for improvement programs are recommended.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13355 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13355/5980

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 5 2018 05 13 729 734 Zabiholah ZAREI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research on Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Khadijeh KHANALIHA Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eshrat Beigom KIA Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsaneh MOTEVALLI HAGHI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra HEIDARI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh REZAEIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa REZAEIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 13 2018 05 13 Background: Trichomonas muris is one of the most common protozoa diagnosed in rodents. The trichomonads are generally described as presenting only trophozoite form while pseudocyst is another morphological form of trichomonads identified among gastrointestinal and genitourinary trichomonads. We identified and described different shapes of T. muris pseudocysts and trophozoite in stool samples were collected from rodents including Merinos persicus, Mus musculus and Cricetulus migratorius. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, stool samples from 204 trapped rodents were collected from Meshkin Shahr during Mar to Dec 2014. Samples were preserved in formalin 10% and PVA solution and transferred to Department of Medical Protozoology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Formalin-ether concentration method was used for the samples. The slides were stained with trichrome staining method and observed under light microscope. Results: The trophozoites were classified as T. muris based on size (18 to 24 µm), presence of three anterior flagella, recurrent flagellum, undulating membrane, and axostyle in direct examination and stained slides with trichrome staining method.  Fifty-five out of 204 (27%) rodents were infected with T. muris in which 51(25%) samples pseudocysts form were observed. The spherical bodies of pseudocyst with almost 8 µm size, contained internalized flagella, an undulating membrane with recurrent flagellum, axostyle, and costa were seen. The pseudocysts were more prevalent than trophozoite form and pseudocysts were found with different shapes in this study. Conclusion: T. muris pseudocysts were found in stool samples of caught rodents for the first time in northwestern Iran.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13356 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13356/5981