Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 481 488 Leejin KIM Dept. of Child Studies, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea Sungmin MYOUNG Dept. of Health Administration, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro Goesan-eup Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, South Korea 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: The aim of this study was to explore the comorbidity of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) for the Korean national health insurance data (NHID) by using association rule mining (ARM). Methods: We used data categorized mental disorder according to the international classification of disease, 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnosis system from NHID from 2011 to 2013 in youths aged 18 yr or younger. Overall, 211420 subjects, comorbid cases with ADHD were present in 105784. ARM was applied to the Apriori algorithm to examine the strengths of associations among those diagnosed, and logistic regression was used to evaluate the relations among rules. Results: The most prevalent comorbid psychiatric disorder of ADHD youths was mood/affective disorders. From results of ARM, nine association rules (support≥1%, confidnce≥50%) were produced. The highest association was found between specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills and ADHD. Among association of three comorbid diseases, tic disorder was an important role in the association between ADHD and other comorbid diseases through results of ARM and logistic regression. Conclusion: The practical application of ARM for discovering the comorbidity of ADHD in large amount real-data such as the Korean NHID was mostly confirmed by past studies. The results of this study will be helpful to researchers evaluating the stability of their diagnosis in ADHD.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13142 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13142/5945

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 466 472 Ji WANG Dept. of Infection, Ningbo Fenghua People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China Malong FENG Dept. of Respiratory Disease, Ningbo Fenghua People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China Shidong YING Dept. of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Ningbo Fenghua Disease Control and Prevention Center, Zhejiang, China Jianfang ZHOU Dept. of Infection, Ningbo Fenghua People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China Xiaoqing LI Dept. of Hepatic Disease, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: Vitamin D might be promising to serve as an adjunctive therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in patients with pulmonary TB. Methods: Medline, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Springer, and Science Direct were searched electronically from inception to Oct 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) assessing the effect of vitamin D plus anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) versus placebo plus ATT on the treatment of pulmonary TB were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Five studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, compared with placebo intervention, vitamin D supplementation was found to have no significant effect on sputum smear negative conversion rates (RR=0.99; 95% CI=0.91 to 1.07; P=0.77), BMI (MD=0.11; 95% CI=-0.85 to 1.07; P=0.82) and ESR (MD=-2.29; 95% CI=-8.87 to 4.30; P=0.50). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation showed no influence on the improvement of sputum smear-negative conversion rates and BMI, as well as the decrease in ESR.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13140 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13140/5943

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 597 602 Mengxue YANG Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Biao LONG Dept. of Pediatrics, Qiandongnan People’s Hospital, Kaili, Guizhou, China Jie XU School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Jie YU School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Xianwen LI Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Fanhao YE Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Bo YANG Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Yulan LIAO Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Sicheng LI Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Ya LI Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China Xue ZHOU Dept. of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 Carney complex (CNC) is a rare genetic disease. Here, we report a case of CNC and explore clinical manifestations and gene mutation studies of CNC. A male patient with CNC at the age of 16 yr was admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University in July, 2015. Although the patient had typical signs of Cushing's syndrome, he also presented with certain rare signs of Cushing's syndrome, such as "freckle-like" scattered spots of pigmentation on the face and around the lips. In addition, concomitant severe osteoporosis led to flattened vertebrae and the compression of corresponding levels of the spinal cord. Radiographic findings revealed adrenal nodular hyperplasia. Based on sequencing, 2 novel heterozygous mutations of the PRKAR1A gene were found. CNC was eventually diagnosed via pathologic biopsy. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient exhibited weight loss, relief of low back pain, normal blood biochemical indicators and cortisol levels at the lower limit of the normal range.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13163 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13163/5959

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 603 605 Józef BERGIER Dept. of Tourism and Recreation, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland Pongrác ÁCS Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Ferdinand SALONNA Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University of Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Ján JUNGER Dept. of Physical Education, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13164 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13164/5960

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 591 596 Young Saing KIM Dept. of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea Dong Kyun PARK Dept. of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea In Cheol HWANG Dept. of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea Hong Yup AHN Dept. of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 Background: The effect of weather conditions on human health has been documented. However, the role of daily weather on anticipated death remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between daily weather conditions and death in terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively searched a medical database of 935 consecutive terminally ill cancer patients who passed away in the palliative care unit from Oct 2009 to Sep 2013. We used Poisson regression to assess the relative risk (RR) of anticipated death based on various weather variables, using mean values calculated from the 10 d around the time of death. Results: The final study population consisted of 745 patients with a mean age of 65.9 ± 12.2 yr. The mean palliative prognostic index (PPI) score in the last week of life was 8.0 ± 3.8. After adjustment for age, sex, cancer type, and PPI score, RRs were 1.69 (95% CI, 1.17–2.46) for low temperature, 2.57 (1.77–3.77) for high diurnal temperature variation, 2.35 (1.61–3.36) for low humidity, and 1.75 (1.22–2.53) for high levels of sunlight. Conclusion: Weather conditions may be a predictor of death in terminally ill cancer patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13162 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13162/5958

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 489 498 Hongpu HU Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Yanli XU Medical College of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, China Qingkun CHEN Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Juan LI Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Chenliu YANG Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Yanli WAN Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: We presented the running state of rural basic medical insurance system in Henan and discussed the enforcements and development experiences of underdeveloped areas. We provided data evidence to support the improvement and development of a basic rural medical insurance system. Methods: We selected Henan Province, China as a sample, using the method of cluster sampling, from policy documents published in the national and provincial level of the new rural cooperative medical policy and work documents, data from 2004 to 2014, the National Health Statistical Yearbook of health statistics yearbook of Henan Province and relevant statistical data of the province. Results: The new rural cooperative policy has covered the whole population in Henan Province. The number of individual received benefits is increasing. In 2013, the number of persons counted has reached to 270 million, funds raised and expenditures reached 38.5 billion and 26 billion, respectively. The operational task force has been developed rapidly. In 2013, on average each staff managed the cases for 16.4 thousand rural residents. Conclusion: The major implementation and development experience from the new rural cooperative policy of Henan province include: education of related knowledge, optimization of compensation plan, development of operational system and framework, improvement of management rules, reinforcement of information system development and financial supervision and increment of investment in rural medical healthcare.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13143 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13143/5946

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 473 480 Saeideh MAZLOOMZADEH Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Zahra RASHIDI KHAZAGHI Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Nouraddin MOUSAVINASAB Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS)is a collection of metabolic disorders which leads to early cardiovascular disease and diabetes type II. Regarding the wide range of its prevalence in Iran, this systematic review and meta-analysis determined the overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Iran. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the Medline, ISI, IranMedex, and SID were searched using "metabolic syndrome", "syndrome X", "prevalence", and "Iran" keywords from 2002 to 2012. A total of 223 articles were found in which 14 studies were considered for meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using fixed and random model and meta-regression in STATA. Results: The prevalence of MS for those who were 20 yr and older was 23. 8% (95%CI: 18. 99-28. 67) and in under 20 was 10. 98% (95%CI: 7. 75-14. 2). Metabolic syndrome was more frequent in women (25. 5%) than in men (17. 16%) and was increased with increasing age. The most frequent component of metabolic syndrome was low HDL cholesterol (59. 7%) followed by hypertriglyceridemia (39. 5%). Conclusion: Regarding a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and some of its components such as low HDL and high triglyceride in our country, implementation of programs for metabolic syndrome prevention is necessary.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13141 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13141/5944

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 606 607 Laura ENDRES Dept. of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Diana UIVAROȘAN Dept. of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Delia MIRELA ŢIŢ Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Ovidiu POP Dept. of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Simona BUNGĂU Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Camelia BUHAȘ Dept. of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13165 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13165/5961

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 499 509 Dwi Sarwani Sri REJEKI Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia Nunung NURHAYATI Dept. of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia Budi AJI Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia E. Elsa Herdiana MURHANDARWATI Center for Tropical Medicine and Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Hari KUSNANTO Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: Climatic and weather factors become important determinants of vector-borne diseases transmission like malaria. This study aimed to prove relationships between weather factors with considering human migration and previous case findings and malaria cases in endemic areas in Purworejo during 2005-2014. Methods: This study employed ecological time series analysis by using monthly data. The independent variables were the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, maximum humidity, minimum humidity, precipitation, human migration, and previous malaria cases, while the dependent variable was positive malaria cases. Three models of count data regression analysis i.e. Poisson model, quasi-Poisson model, and negative binomial model were applied to measure the relationship. The least Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) value was also performed to find the best model. Negative binomial regression analysis was considered as the best model. Results: The model showed that humidity (lag 2), precipitation (lag 3), precipitation (lag 12), migration (lag1) and previous malaria cases (lag 12) had a significant relationship with malaria cases. Conclusion: Weather, migration and previous malaria cases factors need to be considered as prominent indicators for the increase of malaria case projection.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13144 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13144/5947

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 608 609 George IMATAKA Dept. of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Dept. of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13166 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13166/5962

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 510 518 Shubei ZHENG Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Yu ZHENG Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Lingwei JIN Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Zhihong ZHOU Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Zhanyuan LI Dept. of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum soluble Klotho protein (sKlotho) level and coronary artery calcification (CAC) as well as prognosis in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: Overall, 128 adult patients with end-stage renal failure treated with MHD were collected in the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China in 2013. Serum sKlotho was detected by ELISA and coronary artery calcification was measured by multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). With 36 months' follow-up, death notes such as cause of death and death time were recorded. Results: Patients were divided into low sKlotho group and high sKlotho group. Age, blood phosphorus level, hypertension incidence and incidence of diabetes mellitus of the patients in low sKlotho group was significantly higher than that of high sKlotho group (P<0.05). The coronary artery calcification score (CACs) of patients in high sKlotho group was significantly lower than that of low sKlotho group (P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that the decrease of sKlotho level (P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for CAC progression. The mortality of the patients in low sKlotho group was higher than that of high sKlotho group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve had shown that survival time of the patients in low sKlotho group was significantly lower than that of high sKlotho group (P<0.05). Conclusion: SKlotho can increase the degree of CAC. Although MHD patients with low sKlotho level had shorter survival time, sKlotho is not an independent risk factor in prediction of prognosis of MHD patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13145 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13145/5948

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 610 612 Monica NAVARRO-MEZA Molecular Biology Chronic Illness Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico AND Nutrition and Nutritional Behavior Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Karina Anai GARCIA-CAMACHO Nutrition and Nutritional Behavior Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Felipe SANTOYO-TELLES South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Antonio LÓPEZ-ESPINOZA Nutrition and Nutritional Behavior Research Center, South University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Omar ARROYO-HELGUERA Ecology and Health Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13167 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13167/5963

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 519 530 Chao-Hsien LEE Dept. of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan Shu-Chen CHENG Dept. of Cancer Registry Division, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Hong-Yi TUNG Dept. of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan AND Dept. of General Surgery, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Shih-Chang CHANG Dept. of Colorectal Surgery, Division of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Ching-Yun CHING Dept. of Nursing, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Shu-Fen WU Dept. of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan AND Dept. of Nursing, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan AND Dept. of Nursing, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries. The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Taiwan is rising. We aimed to determine the five-yr survival rate of patients diagnosed with CRC and determine factors affecting survival. Methods: All patients were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Data Base of the Medical Center Hospital in North Taiwan from 2007 to 2013. Data were collected using medical records and the cancer database. In all, 869 patients with CRC were included. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and differences between the curves were analyzed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze survival by each variable. Results: The five-yr survival rate and the mean survival time after cancer diagnosis were 68.7% and 71.27±1.27 months. Perineural nerve invasion, distant metastasis, age, pathological differentiation grade, obstruction and regional lymph node metastasis were found to be independent predictors of the survival and prognosis of patients with CRC. Conclusion: Perineural nerve invasion was an important factor related to the survival of CRC patients. Thus, the earlier detection of CRC might help improve survival.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13146 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13146/5949

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 613 614 Pendru RAGHUNATH Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13168 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13168/5964

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 531 537 Fen XUE Special Ward 1, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China Fang HUANG Special Ward 1, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China 2018 04 22 2018 04 22 Background: To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on nutrient status of perioperative patients with lung cancer. Methods: Overall, 176 lung cancer patients admitted to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai China from 2015 to 2016 were divided into control group (n=88) and study group (n=88). Conventional nursing strategy was adopted for patients in control group, while psychological nursing strategy was implemented for those in the study group, and the specific nursing efficiency was compared between the two groups. In addition to the assessment with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 36 (QLQ-C30), patients were required to fulfill the evaluations with nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Results: After nursing care, significant amelioration in scores of SCL-90 and QLQ-C30 of patients were seen in the study group (P<0.05). In the study group, the scores of NRS2002 and PG-SGA were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). Besides, PG-SGA score was also significantly correlated with the levels of serum total proteins, serum albumin, hemoglobin, reduction in diet and weight (P<0.01), while only reduction in diet and weight was obviously correlated with the score of NRS2002 (P<0.01). Moreover, a significant correlation was identified between the scores of PG-SGA and NRS2002 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Psychological intervention could effectively alleviate the psychological stress response and ameliorate the nutrient status of lung cancer patients in perioperative period, thereby reducing the negative feelings and increasing the life quality of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13147 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13147/5950

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 615 617 Junhua CAO Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Ying CAI Dept. of Nursing, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Zhenfang QIN Dept. of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Xiaobing XU Dept. of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Xu LIU Dept. of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Peng LU Dept. of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Huaxin ZOU Dept. of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China Yiyu YIN Dept. of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221006, P.R.China 2018 04 23 2018 04 23 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13169 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13169/5965

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 538 545 Božidar BANOVIĆ Dept. of Criminal Law, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia Veljko TURANJANIN Dept. of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University in Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia Emir ĆOROVIĆ Dept. of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia 2018 04 22 2018 04 22  Background: Physician-assisted suicide is one of the features with very different legal solutions in the world. In Serbia, physician-assisted suicide is a crime, within a crime of the assisted suicide. The possibility of the legislation of the voluntary active euthanasia may open the door to the decriminalization of the physician-assisted suicide. Methods: Data were obtained from the Clinical Hospital Center in Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia collected during 2015. The research included 88 physicians: 57 male physicians (representing 64.77% of the sample) and 31 female physicians (35.23% of the sample). Due to the nature, subject, and hypothesis of the research, the authors used descriptive method and the method of the theoretical content analysis. Results: We have raised numerous questions. A slight majority of the physicians (58%) believes that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized, while 42% is for another solution. 90.9% took a viewpoint that it is completely unacceptable legalization of the physician-assisted suicide for all age groups, while the remaining 9.1% is to such legislative move. From the other side, 40.7% of respondents would prescribe a lethal dose of the medicament to the patient, who is in the terminal stage of the incurable disease, but, 59.3% would not do it. Interesting is that 13.8% of the physician had a patient who asked for the information how to commit suicide, and 12.5% gave them such information. Conclusion: Physicians in Serbia are divided on this issue. The majority of them are for the legalization of medical assistance to suicide, but there is a strong division among them on various issues.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13148 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13148/5951

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 4 2018 04 23 618 619 Bijan PIRNIA Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran AND Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali SOLEIMANI Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza TAHERINAKHOST Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kambiz PIRNIA Technical Assistant in Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Tehran, Iran Parastoo MALEKANMEHR Dept. of Psychology, Branch of Hamedan, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran Alireza ZAHIRODDIN Dept. of Psychiatry, Behavior Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 04 23 2018 2019 06 03 1189 1190 Reza SHOKOOHI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad Taghi SAMADI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Manoochehr KARAMI Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Razieh KHAMUTIAN Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2019 06 03 The Necessity of Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits Using Hazard Index among Consumers https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17375 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17375/6433

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1074 1081 Fatemeh TOORANG Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahareh SASANFAR Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soodeh RAZEGHI JAHROMI Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soraiya EBRAHIMPOUR KOUJAN Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saba NARMCHESHM Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali RAFEI Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kazem ZENDEHDEL Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: This study described validity of Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) for assessing energy and nutrient intake among Iranian population. Methods: A group of experienced nutritionists translated the DHQ to Farsi language and modified it based on Iranian food habits and cooking methods. We recruited 244 healthy adults with a mean age of 42.83 ± 0.75 yrs. from healthy individuals who were friends or relatives of patients in the Cancer Institute of Iran from April 2011 to February 2012. We used the DHQ to assess dietary intakes through interviews as well as at least four 24-h recalls one in every season. Reliability was estimated by comparing data of DHQ with mean intake from 24-hour recalls using deattenuated and energy-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients. We classified dietary intakes of two methods into three groups to probe if DHQ correctly allocates subjects into different intake groups compared to reference method. The results are reported as percent of disagreement, adjacent agreement, and complete agreement. Results: Deattenuated spearman correlation ranged from 0.18 for vitamin B12 and fat to 0.60 for sugar. It ranged from 0.13 for pantothenic acid to 0.60 for sugar in men and from 0.07 for fat to 0.58 for sugar in females. The complete agreement of methods ranged from 51% for selenium to 36% for carotene in the entire sample, from 50% for energy to 31% for niacin in males and from 49% for sugar to 27% for vitamin B12 in females. Conclusion: The DHQ is a valid tool for assessing most nutrients intake among Iranian population. In addition, it is a proper instrument in categorizing individuals based on their dietary intakes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17344 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17344/6412

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1082 1090 Mostafa ENAYATRAD Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Parvin YAVARI Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh ETEMAD Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sohila KHODAKARIM Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh MAHDAVI Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: In this study, we used a variety of factors that affect urbanization in Iran to evaluate different provinces in Iran in terms of the level of urbanization. Methods: Using information from census 2011, we collected data on 33 indicators related to urbanization in 31 provinces in Iran. To rank the provinces we used density-based hierarchical clustering scheme. To determine similarities or differences between the provinces, the square of the Euclidean distance dissimilarity coefficient; Ward’s algorithm was used to merge the provinces to minimize intra-cluster variance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variance between the variables used to rank the provinces in terms of different levels of urbanization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The provinces in Iran were combined with each other in 30 stages and classified into four levels. Taking into account the variables used to rank the level of urbanization, Tehran, and Alborz provinces were at the highest level of urbanization. On the other hand, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Kerman, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr were at the lowest level of urbanization. Conclusion: Identification of provinces at the same level of urbanization can help us to discover the strengths and weaknesses in the infrastructures of each of them. Given the differences between various levels of urbanization, the identification of factors that are effective in the process of urbanization can help to access more information required for designing plans for the years to come.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17345 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17345/6413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1091 1098 Reza ZEIDABADINEZHAD Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan VATANDOOST Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ABAI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Navid DINPARAST DJADID Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Abbasali RAZ Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi SEDAGHAT Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Ali OSHAGHI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad RAEISI Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Neda ADIBI Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Some mosquito species which belong to the Culex. pipiens complex are primary vectors for West Nile virus, Sindbis, Dirofilaria immitis, and many arboviruses. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of Cx. pipiens that is inherited, is one of the important threats for the efficacy of pyrethroids insecticides. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation, L1014F, is a well-defined mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in many insect species. The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms of Insecticide resistance in this species Methods: Specimens of Cx. pipiens, the major vector of West Nile virus, were obtained in Tehran, Iran by collecting larvae from polluted wastewater in Qarchak of Tehran. In 2016 Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed according to WHO methods with deltamethrin 0.05%. We focused on determination of this point mutation in the VGSC gene of Cx. pipiens by Real-time PCR. Results: Our results revealed high levels of resistance to deltamethrin 0.05%. The lethal times i.e. LT50 and LT90 for deltamethrin were 2.1530 and 8.5117 h respectively. The result of Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of resistant genotype in all the members of tested population. This study is the first report on kdr genotyping of Cx. pipiens from Tehran and our results on the VGSC gene in position L1014F confirmed the TTA to TTT nucleotide change. Conclusion: This finding will provide a clue for management of insecticide resistance in mosquito which are vectors of arboviruses and decision for replacement of novel approach for vector control.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17346/6414

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1099 1105 Farzaneh AMINHARATI Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Hassan EHRAMPOUSH Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Mehdi SOLTAN DALLAL Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi YASERI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Ali DEHGHANI TAFTI Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Zahra RAJABI Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: The aim of this study was to assess associations of Citrobacter freundii foodborne outbreaks with environmental factors in various regions of Yazd Province, Iran, 2012–2016. Methods: The public health surveillance data were used for one period of five years reported foodborne disease outbreaks in various regions of the Province. Multilevel regression statistical method was used to analyze associations of climatic and demographic variables with outbreaks. Significant associations were tested using likelihood ratio tests. Results: Results showed a significant association between C. freundii outbreaks and air dust conditions, age groups and various regional cities. Conclusion: The current study revealed necessity of etiologic agent identification for use in foodborne disease outbreak guidance in future outbreaks. Systemic surveillance schemes can help prevent and control similar scenarios using reports of environmental effects on foodborne disease outbreaks.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17347 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17347/6415

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1106 1115 Somaye YOSAEE Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran AND Department of Nutrition, Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Mahmoud KHODADOST Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran Alireza ESTEGHAMATI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran John R. SPEAKMAN State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China AND Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK Kurosh DJAFARIAN Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida BITARAFAN Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Farzad SHIDFAR Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, consider as a manifestation of obesity. However, a proportion of obese patients do not develop MetS. The aim of our study was to determine whether concentration of plasma adiponectin and leptin differ between metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) patients and comparable age- and sex-matched control groups. Methods: In this case-control study, we assigned 51 obese patients with MetS (MUO) in cases group and 102 metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects matched for age and gender to cases in control groups. The study was conducted between December 2014 and February 2016 in the Endocrinology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.  We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, their ratio, and body composition in all subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed between MHO and MUO in term of total fat mass and trunk fat (P>0.05). Compared to MHO and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects, MUO subjects had lower levels of plasma adiponectin (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio (P<0.001) and a higher level of plasma leptin (P<0.002). A Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was used to identify the ability of adiponectin and leptin level to predict the MetS. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was 0.66 (P<0.01), 0.73 (P<0.001) and 0.75 (P<0.001) for leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio levels respectively. Conclusion: Our study introduced adiponectin and leptin as indicator of MetS and obesity respectively.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17349 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17349/6416

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1116 1123 Nahid RAMEZANGHORBANI Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz HAJIABEDIN RANGRAZ Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Rosemarie NOOT HEIDARI Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Web is considered an important tool for formal and informal communication and cooperation among members of the community including researchers. Universities’ websites played a significant role in the development of social structure through the creation of cyberspace. We aimed to evaluate the growth and Webometrics rankings of the country’s medical universities web sites base on interventional approach. Methods: This interventional study assessed Iranian universities of medical sciences’ websites from the periods of Jan 2015, Jul 2015 and Jan 2016. Medical universities websites were ranked based on four Webometrics indicators; PRESENCE, VISIBILITY, OPENNESS, and EXCELLENCE. To enhance the ranking of websites, 4 strategies were introduced in 3 seminars conducted from Jan to Jul 2015. Information needed from these 30 medical universities were obtained from Webometrics Ranking of World Universities based on 4 indicators and were collected in 2 steps (before and after introduction of strategies) Results: About 21% to 70% of the country’s medical universities have increased ranking after the interventions while 9% to 30% obtained a downward trend in their rankings, Tehran University of Medical Sciences obtained the highest rank followed by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and the third rank was obtained by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: The presence of websites play a vital role in the academic community. Doubtlessly, the idea of designing and launching a website without any knowledge of the principles and standards would be problematic and impossible.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17350/6417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03