Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 327 334 Inhwan LEE College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Jinkyung CHO College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Haeryun HONG College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Youngyun JIN College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Donghyun KIM College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Hyunsik KANG College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea 2018 03 04 2018 03 04  Background: Sarcopenia has been implicated in the increased risk for cognitive impairment and depression associated with aging. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship of sarcopenia with cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in a sample of 201 community-dwelling Korean women (mean age of 74.0±6.8 yr) between 2014 and 2015. Methods: The Korean version of mini-mental state examination and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to assess cognitive performance and depression, respectively. Grp strength was measured with a dynamometer. Demographics, body composition, education, alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular diseases were assessed as covariates. Results: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MCI and depression were calculated according to sarcopenia status. Compared to non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic women had the ORs of 2.160 (95% CI of 0.840 - 5.554, P=0.030) and of 5.493 (95% CI of 1.854 - 16.270, P=0.002) for MCI. The OR of pre-sarcopenia for MCI remained significant (P=0.030) even after adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, and education, while the OR of sarcopenia for MCI was no longer significant (P=0.084) when adjusted for the covariates. Compared to non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic women had the ORs of 3.750 (95% CI of 1.137 - 12.370, P=0.030) and of 4.687 (95% CI of 1.127 -19.505, P=0.034) for depression. The ORs of pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia for depression remained statistically significant (P=0.020 and P=0.042, respectively) even after adjusted for the covariates  Conclusion: Sarcopenia was significantly associated with MCI and depression in otherwise healthy community dwelling elderly Korean women.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12677 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12677/5917

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 309 316 Bagher FARHOOD Dept. of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Ghazale GERAILY Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahad ALIZADEH Dept. of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 Background: Iran in recent years had the rapid development of industrialization and modernity, and changes in the people's lifestyles and environment, these changes may affect epidemiological patterns of various types of cancers. In this review, incidence and mortality of various cancers (skin, gastric, esophageal, breast, and prostate) in Iran have been reported. Methods: The related data about Iran and other countries were collected from databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. All included studies were published before Jun 2017.  Results: There is an increment trend of incidence and mortality rate for most cancers in Iran. Conclusion: The plan for control and prevention of cancers must be a high priority for health policy in Iran as well as it is suggested that earlier screening is need for high-risk population.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12675 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12675/5915

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 449 450 Okba SELMI Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia AND Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia Nejmeddine OUERGHI Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef,University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia AND Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia AND Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia Wissam Ben KHALIFA Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia Nidhal JEBABLI Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia AND Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia Moncef FEKI Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia Anissa BOUASSIDA Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef,University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12696 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12696/5933

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 335 341 Changhai SU Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Yang LIU Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Haiwen ZHANG Dept. of Internal Medicine, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Bin XIAO Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Te’er BA Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotic application on the intestinal flora in elderly hypertension patients with infectious diseases. Methods: A total of 2350 infected patients treated in Ordos Central Hospital (Inner Mongolia, China) from January 2010 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and 790 healthy hypertension patients were selected as the control group. The 2350 patients were assigned into group A and B based on the administration with narrow-spectrum antibiotic or broad-spectrum antibiotic. The feces specimens of patients at the 1st, 5th, 9th and 14th day after antibiotic treatment were collected to analyze the bacteriological data and the cases of intestinal flora imbalance after applying the narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotic were compared and the differences in the bacterial colony compositions of intestinal floras from those of the healthy hypertension patients at the same period were analyzed. Results: The ratio of intestinal flora imbalance was 50.4% after applying antibiotic in patients from group A and 78.3% in group B. grade I and II imbalance were predominant in group A and grade III imbalance was the most severe one in group B (P<0.05). Compared with the intestinal flora in healthy elderly hypertension patients, the ratio of the primary composition flora of patients with imbalanced intestinal flora was changed obviously. Conclusion: The application of narrow-spectrum antibiotic and shortening the application time of antibiotic can more effectively protect the normal intestinal flora of elderly hypertension patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12679 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12679/5918

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 317 326 Mohsen HEIDARY Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad NASIRI Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein DABIRI Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira TARASHI Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 04 2018 03 04  Background: The infections caused by drug resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are becoming an important health problem worldwide. There are several reports on antimicrobial resistant status of K. pneumoniae in Iran. However, a comprehensive analysis on drug-resistant K. pneumoniae from different parts of Iran has not yet been performed. Methods: The searches were done according to several English and Persian databases including PubMed, Scopus, Iranmedex, and SID to identify studies addressing antibiotic resistant K. pneumoniae in Iran from Jan 1998 to Nov 2014. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V2.2, Biostat) software was used to analyze the data. Results: The incidence rate of imipenem and ceftazidime resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.5) and 55.7% (95% CI, 46.9-64.1), respectively. The highest rate of resistance in isolates of K. pneumoniae was seen against ampicillin (82.2%), aztreonam (55.4%) and nitrofurantoin (54.5%). Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of drug resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran. Thus, a high degree of awareness among physicians and microbiologists, active infection control committee, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, improvement of hygiene condition and monitoring of drug resistant isolates are urgently needed in order to better control the emergence and spread of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in hospital settings.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12676 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12676/5916

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 451 452 Min-Ho SONG Dept. of Liberal Arts, Korean Langage and Literature, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Sang-Ho LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12697 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12697/5934

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 342 349 Sunhee LEE Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Hye-Jin KIM Dept. of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea Han-Gyo CHOI Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Yang Sook YOO Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 Background: Interpersonal competence is an important capacity for nurses. Recently, the advent of smartphones has instigated considerable changes in daily life. Because smartphone has multiple functions, people tend to use them for numerous activities, often leading to addictive behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study performed a detailed analysis of smartphone addiction subscales and social support related to interpersonal competence of nursing students. Overall, 324 college students were recruited at Catholic University in Seoul, Korea from Feb 2013 to Mar 2013. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, which included scales that measured smartphone addiction, social support, interpersonal competence, and general characteristics. Path analysis was used to evaluate structural relations between subscales of smartphone addictions, social support, and interpersonal competence. Results: The effect of cyberspace-oriented relationships and social support on interpersonal competence were 1.360 (P=.004) and 0.555 (P<.001), respectively. Conclusion: Cyberspace-oriented relationship, which is a smartphone addiction subscale, and social support were positively correlated with interpersonal competence of nursing students, while other smartphone addiction subscales were not related to nursing student interpersonal competence. Therefore, effective smartphone teaching methods be developed to enhance nursing student motivation     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12680 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12680/5919

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 453 454 Ali SOROUSH Life Style Modification Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammad MOHSENI Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Marina ZHANALIYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Human Anatomy with Operative Surgery, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aigul ALMABAYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Human Anatomy with Operative Surgery, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Alikhan TAUTAYEV Department of Surgical Diseases Internship, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2019 06 27 Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease among the female population of Kazakhstan like in many developed countries of the world (Canada, UK, US, Western Europe), and it accounts for every 5th tumor. We aimed to assess the epidemiological aspects of breast cancer incidence and mortality among Almaty and Astana (Now Nur-Sultan), Kazakhstan residents in 2009-2018. Methods: A retrospective study using modern descriptive and analytical methods of epidemiology was conducted to evaluate the breast cancer incidence and mortality in megapolises of Kazakhstan. Results: The average annual age-standardized incidence rate of breast cancer amounted to 61.90/0000 (95% CI=56.2-67.6) in Almaty and 61.20/0000 (95% CI=56.765.7) in Astana. The average age-standardized mortality was 19.20/0000 (95% CI=17.3-21.1) in Almaty and 19.30/0000 (95% CI=17.1-21.4) in Astana. The standardized incidence in the megapolises tended to increase (Тgr=+0.8% in Almaty and Тgr=+1.4% in Astana), while the mortality was decreasing (Тdec=−4.2% in Almaty and Тdec=−1.1% in Astana). According to the component analysis, the growth in the number of breast cancer cases was due to a population increase (ΔP=+130.4% in Almaty and ΔP=+93.2% in Astana), with a notable decrease of factors related to the risk of getting sick (ΔR=−27.9% in Almaty, ΔR=−6.1% in Astana). Conclusion: This is the first epidemiological study to assess the changes in incidence and mortality from breast cancer in megapolises of Kazakhstan because of screening. The results of this study can be used to improve the government program to combat breast cancer.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17584 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17584/6441

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1215 1226 Bashir MOHAMMADPOUR Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Samaneh ROUHI Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mazaher KHODABANDEHLOO Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Masoud MORADI Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2019 06 27 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the epithelium of the esophagus, but so far there is no reliable and comprehensive evidence about the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal cancer in Iran, as high incidence region. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Iran. Methods: Relevant English and Persian articles published up to Aug 2017 and indexed in databases were reviewed. Frequency of HPV genotypes in ESCC cases and controls was surveyed according to regions of Iran. Data were meta-analyzed with random effects models using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: Overall, 14 studies were eligible including 1444 samples (1062 ESCC cases and 382 controls). HPV was positive in 269 (25.32%) of 1062 ESCC cases and in 65 (17.01%) of 382 controls. Total prevalence of HPV in both groups was estimated 0.256 (95%CI, 0.208%-0.310%). The prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 was estimated 0.121 (95%CI: 0.087-0.183) and 0.046 (95%CI; 0.023-0.088), respectively. The difference in HPV prevalence in different regions of Iran was statistically significant (Q=18.20, df =4, P=0.001). In 6 case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio was estimated 1.99 (95%CI; 0.916-4.315). Conclusion: High-risk HPVs were observed in ESCC cases and controls from different regions of Iran. The odds ratio indicates that the HPV infection in ESCC cases was approximately 2 fold more than the controls. More case-control studies in other populations with larger sample size are necessary.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17580 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17580/6436

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1379 1381 Mario J. OLIVERA Instituto Nacional de Salud, Grupo de Parasitología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Javeriana AND Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Programme in Health Economics, Bogotá D.C., Colombia Kevin A. CHAVERRA Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Programme in Health Economics, Bogotá D.C., Colombia 2019 06 27 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17602 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17602/6458

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1265 1269 Youhua JIANG Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, P.R. China Kewei NI Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, P.R. China Meiyu FANG Department of Comprehensive Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, P.R. China Junling LIU State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yatsen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China 2019 06 27 Background: This study intended to investigate the effects of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on the incidence of lung cancer in male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 1091 male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China from Jan 2009 to Jan 2012 were selected as the research objects. All patients were followed up from the beginning of hospitalization. According to serum hs-CRP level, patients were divided into two groups: group A (hs-CRP < 1 mg/L) and group B (hs-CRP > 3 mg/L). The relationship between baseline hs-CRP and the risk of lung cancer in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model, and the serum levels of hs-CRP between lung cancer patients in all groups and other non-lung cancer patients were compared. Results: There were differences in age, drinking, smoking, diabetes history, body mass index (BMI), thyroglobulin (TG), history of hypertension and hyperglycemia among the three groups (P=0.036, 0.018, 0.040, 0.029, 0.006, 0.034, 0.020, 0.010). The serum levels of hs-CRP in patients with squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma were significantly higher than those in non-lung cancer patients (P=0.022, 0.043, 0.011). The incidence rates of lung cancer in patients in group B and C were 1.37 and 1.69 times higher than that in group A, respectively. Conclusion: The increased serum level of hs-CRP will increase the incidence rate of lung cancer in male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17585 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17585/6442

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1227 1238 Fatemeh MASHHADIABBAS Department of Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein NEAMATZADEH Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Elnaz FOROUGHI Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Arak university of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Seyed Alireza DASTGHEIB Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Soudabeh FARAHNAK Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Rezvan NASIRI Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shima AHMADI Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2019 06 27 Background: Two functional polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) genes may contribute to periodontitis pathogenesis. However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, to clarify precise associations of MMP-2 -753 C>T and MMP-9 -1562C>T polymorphisms with chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science databases until 5 July 2017. The data were analyzed with CMA software, and risk estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Nineteen case-control studies in ten publications with 2089 periodontitis cases and 2345 controls met the criteria. The pooled ORs indicated that MMP-2 -753C>T and MMP-9 -1562C>T polymorphisms were not significantly associated with risk of periodontitis in overall analysis. Stratified analyses by ethnicity and periodontitis type indicated that the MMP-9 -1562C>T polymorphism showed a significant association with the risk of periodontitis among Caucasians and CP/AgP subgroup, whereas MMP-2 -753C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with periodontitis risk only among Asians. Conclusion: MMP-2 -753C>T and MMP-9 -1562C>T polymorphisms may not be associated with risk of periodontitis in overall population. However, MMP-2 -753C>T and MMP-9 -1562C>T polymorphisms might have influence on the susceptibility of periodontitis by ethnicity.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17581 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17581/6437

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1382 1383 Zahra MAHMOUDVAND Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin SHADNIA Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sharareh ROSTAM NIAKAN KALHORI Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan GHAZISAEEDI Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 27 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17603 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17603/6459

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1270 1277 Indriya PURNAMASARI Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia Dumilah AYUNINGTYAS Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia Ni Nyoman Dwi SUTRISNAWATI Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia 2019 06 27 Background: Indonesia as an archipelagic country, makes the efforts to fulfill the needs of medical specialists in remote areas are not easy tasks. This study aimed to explore the availability and the needs fulfillment efforts of medical specialist in remote areas; and to know whether the availability of medical specialists have met the hospital needs, and how the authorities efforts to fulfill them, also the factors that affect the effort. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted with case study approach in Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe District Hospital (RSUD HAMBA) Batanghari Jambi and Malingping District Hospital (RSUD Malingping) in Lebak Banten. In-depth interviews were conducted with various stakeholders. Results: The availability of medical specialist in both hospitals in number and type are inadequate. This fact indicates low retention and motivation of medical specialists to work in remote area. The major factor in both hospitals is inadequate salaries, difficult access, lack of medical equipment, also the difficulty to develop a career. However, these factors in both area ultimately boil down to the lack of government policies that support medical specialist fulfillment. Conclusion: The important factors that affect the lackness of effort in fulfilling medical specialists’ placement in remote areas are inadequate of infrastructures, competence and career development contraints, and the coordination between national and regional policies. The commitment of central and regional government to improve the infrastructures, competence and career developments, and regulations with respect to medical specialists in remote areas.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17586 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17586/6443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1384 1386 Fatima Mahmud MUHAMMAD Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Hamidreza BASSERI Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza MAJDZADEH Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Khandan SHAHANDEH Deputy of Research and Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Tehran, Iran Abbas Rahimi FOROUSHANI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2019 06 27 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17604/6460

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1278 1283 Dong YANG Department of Paediatrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Bin ZHOU Department of Paediatrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Bao JIN Department of Paediatrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Xiao LIU Department of Paediatrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Yun WANG Department of Paediatrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China 2019 06 27 Background: To investigate the effect of caffeine citrate on the integrated brain electroencephalogram (EEG) of apnea and low birth weight infants. Methods: Overall, 212 infants with apnea and low birth weight admitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled. The infants were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 106 cases in each group. Infants in control group were treated with aminophylline, and infants in the observation group were given caffeine citrate. All children were continuously tested by digital amplitude integrated brain function monitor. The amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) was used to detect sleep arousal cycle (Cy), graphic continuity (Co), lower edge amplitude value (LB) scores, aEEG continuous voltage and periodic occurrence rate, narrowband voltage and bandwidth. Results: After treatment, scores of Cy, Co and LB increased in both groups, and the scores were significantly higher in observation group than in control group (P=0.029, 0.017, 0.047). After treatment, continuous voltage positive rate, sleep-wake cycle occurrence rate, and narrow-band lower boundary voltage increased in both groups, and the values were significantly higher in observation group than in control group (P=0.011, 0.042). After treatment, aEEG detection bandwidth and the upper boundary voltage of the narrow band decreased in both groups, and the values were significantly lower in observation group than in control group (P=0.007, 0.020, 0.032). Conclusion: Citrate caffeine can alleviate the brain development of low-weight infants with apnea, improve brain electrical activity and promote brain function and maturity.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17587 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17587/6444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1387 1389 Touraj MIANDOABI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariborz BAHRAMI Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Vahideh MOEIN VAZIRI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila AJDARY Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 27 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17605 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17605/6461

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1284 1291 Zlatko ZIMET National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Marjan BILBAN Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Joško OSREDKAR Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Borut POLJŠAK Elham SHAKIBAZADEH Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 12 05 The Status of Health Promoting Lifestyle among Students of Tabriz, Northwestern Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15534/6246

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1874 1882 Shu FENG Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China Junfu WANG Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Xiaoqun XU Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Xuemei CHEN Dept. of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China Junwen LUAN Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Qinghong SU Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Meng LUAN Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Huali WANG Dept. of Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China Changsheng ZHAO Dept. of Nutriology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2018 12 05 Background: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common types of head and neck tumors. Suppressers of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family members are key regulators of cytokine homeostasis, they play important roles in the process of cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation and apoptosis, and participate in the occurrence and development of tumor. The abnormal activation of NF-κB is an important feature of the tumor. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among SOCS, NF-κB p65 and hypopharyngeal carcinoma development.C Methods: We included 72 hypopharyngeal cancer patients and 9 swallow cyst patients. The patients were recruited at The Second Hospital of Shandong University (Jinan, China) between 2014 and 2016. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SOCS-1, SOCS-3 and NF-κB p65 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues and control tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues had lower level expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 than pericarcinoma tissues, but there was no significant difference, while cancer tissues had significantly higher level expression of NF-κB p65 than that of pericarcinoma tissues (0.412±0.266, 0.281±0.231, t=2.969, P=0.004). The early stage patients had striking higher level expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 than that in advanced stages (F=16.202, P<0.001; F=52.295, P<0.001), while the expression of NF-κB p65 in early stages had lower level than that in advanced stages (F=3.383, P=0.04). Conclusion: SOCS-1, SOCS-3 may be protective factors while NF-κB p65 could be a harmful factor in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15515 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15515/6229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1973 1975 Akram GHANBARI MOGHADDAM Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Masoomeh ANDISH Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Hanieh HEMATI Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Rahim AKRAMI Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Mojtaba MOHAMMADI Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Fereshteh GHORAT Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 2018 12 05 Relation between Temperament and Body Mass Index in Teenage Girls https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15535 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15535/6247

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1883 1890 Yuan WANG Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China Qingyu ZHANG Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China 2018 12 05 Background: We aimed to explore risk factors for patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods: The clinical data of 195 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with SBP (study group), admitted from March 2014 to March 2018 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China and 195 patients without liver cirrhosis complicated with SBP (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical manifestations of patients and laboratory findings were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used for independent risk factors for the occurrence of SBP. Results: There were significant differences in patients between study group and control group in Child-Pugh classification, peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum total bilirubin (TBil), ascites WBC, ascites albumin (ALB), and the ratio of complicated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy and hyponatremia (P<0.01); Logistic regression analysis found that Child-Pugh classification, serum CRP, ascites WBC, ascites ALB, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy and hyponatremia were related to the occurrence of SBP; and Child-Pugh classification, ascites ALB, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome and hyponatremia were its independent risk factors. Conclusion: Child-Pugh classification, ascites ALB, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome and hyponatremia are independent risk factors for the occurrence of liver cirrhosis complicated with SBP. Cautions should be raised for patients with liver cirrhosis for this. In the early stage, we should make effective antibiotic anti-bacterial infection program, actively prevent and control the occurrence of SBP, improving the survival rate of patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15516 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15516/6230

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1891 1898 Hamid Reza JOSHAGHANI Biochemistry & Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Aref SALEHI Golestan Research Center for Ischemic Disorders, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Esmaeal SAMADIAN Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Roghayeh GHARAEI Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Ali Reza AHMADI Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, encoded by NOS3, produces an atheroprotective metabolite. The G894T, T-786C and 4a/4b variants of this gene associated with increased risk for coronary artery diseases (CAD) have been evaluated in different populations worldwide, and inconsistent results have been obtained. We investigated the association between these three polymorphisms and presence of CAD in Iranian individuals. Methods: Overall, 234 people including angiography-positive patients from Amir-Almomenin Hospital (Heart Center), Kordkoy City, Golestan Province, northern Iran in 2016, angiography-negative subjects and healthy individuals from north of Iran were genotyped for the G894T and T−786C variations by PCR-RFLP, and 4a/4b VNTR only by PCR. Results: The genotype distribution and allelic frequencies for the three variants tested were not dramatically different between CAD and control subjects and also between CAD patients and people with pains and symptoms very similar to CAD but no stenosis (P>0.05). Moreover, the odds ratio for CAD related to the G894T (OR=1.09, 95% CI=(0.60-2.00), T-786C (OR=1.04, 95% CI=(0.57-1.89) and 4a/4b (OR=1.75, 95% CI=(0.92-3.32) variants did not show statistical significance. Similarly, the odds ratio for stenosis confirmed by angiography related to the 894T (OR=1.03, 95% CI= (0.61-1.74), -786C (OR=0.90, 95% CI=(0.54-1.50) and 4b (OR=1.64, 95% CI=(0.92 -2.93) alleles were not significant. Conclusion: G894T, T-786C and 4a/4b variants were not associated with risk for CAD and occurrence of angiography-assessed stenosis in Northern Iranian population (P>0.05). These alleles might be population-specific and not to be associated with their corresponding gene pool. However, further analysis is required to clarify other CAD-correlated markers in our community.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15517 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15517/6231

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1899 1905 Jafar Sadegh TABRIZI Tabriz Health Service Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Health Service Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehrdad Amir BEHGHADAMI Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Health Service Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Student Research Committee (SRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad SAADATI Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: Self-care ability was considered as a mechanism to improve the quality of life and reducing the high costs of medical services for elder people. Iran is experiencing increased elder people and healthy aging is one of the challenges. This study aimed to investigate self-care ability of elder people in Shahid Chamran and Dr. Shadpour health complexes, Tabriz- Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in 2015."The Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE)" valid and reliable questionnaire (Persian version) was used for data collection. Totally, 220 samples were selected using G-Power 3.1.5 software. Sampling was conducted through systematic random method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Results: The mean of self-care ability in elder people was calculated as 56.69± 15.07 (out of 100). 96.8% of participating elderlies, had poor self-care ability. Significant relations were found between elder people self-care ability and their educational level, life status, employment status, and marital status (P<0.05). However, gender, income source, and insurance status had no relations with self-care ability of the elder people (P>0.05). Conclusion: Self-care ability of elder people in Tabriz was at weak level. Regarding, health providers must employ the programs to promote older people self-care ability including improving self-esteem, receiving family help, improved nutrition and mental health improving elderly's quality of life.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15518 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15518/6232

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1906 1912 Payam SHARIFAN Dept. of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Sakineh AMOUEIAN Dept. of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV), as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV), are regarded as one of the main public health issues in developing countries. This retrospective study described histological and serological features of HDV coinfection patients with chronic active HBV in Northeastern Iran. Methods: The frequency of HDV seropositivity and its impact on serum liver enzyme levels and pathological features were investigated by reviewing clinical and laboratory data. This study contained chronic active HBV-infected patients having admitted the department during 2009 and 2014. Results: The rate of HDV coinfection in chronic active carriers was 21.84%, with a male predominance. HDV seropositive carriers showed significantly higher concentrations of liver enzyme than chronic active HBV monoinfection. Moreover, there was a strong association between degrees of inflammation with HDV-positive patients’ enzyme levels. Conclusion: The HDV seroprevalence in northeastern Iran was higher than that reported from elsewhere in Iran while comparable to some regions in Middle East, which, in turn, requires more comprehensive tools for diagnosing and screening the blood.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15519 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15519/6233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1913 1922 Saman MAROUFIZADEH Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Payam AMINI Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Mostafa HOSSEINI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir ALMASI-HASHIANI Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Maryam MOHAMMADI Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Behnaz NAVID Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Reza OMANI-SAMANI Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: Over the last few decades, Cesarean section (CS) rates have increased significantly worldwide particularly in Iran. Classification methods including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to identify factors related to CS among primipars. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2120 primipars who gave singleton birth in Tehran, Iran between 6 and 21 July 2015. To identify factor associated with CS, the classification methods were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: The CS rate was 72.1%. Mother’s age, SES, BMI, baby’s head circumference and infant weight were the most important determinant variables for CS as identified by the ANN method which had the highest accuracy (0.70). The association of RF predictions and observed values was 0.36 (kappa). Conclusion: The ANN method had the best performance that classified CS delivery compared to the RF and LR methods. The ANN method might be used as an appropriate method for such data.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15520 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15520/6234

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1923 1929 Jalil NEJATI Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Amir KEYHANI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Amir TAVAKOLI KARESHK Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Hossein MAHMOUDVAND Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Abedin SAGHAFIPOUR Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Maryam KHORAMINASAB Dep. of Education Office, Andimeshk County, Ahvaz, Iran Razieh TAVAKOLI OLIAEE Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Seyed Mohammad MOUSAVI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: Pediculosis or louse infestation is a public health problem in many developing countries where the WHO`s primary health-care program is inefficient and haphazard. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis infestation and its related risk factors in the primary school children in Andimeshk, Dezful and Shoosh counties; Khuzestan Province, Iran. Methods: Overall, 28410 students in the age range of 7-11 years old in primary schools of North of Khuzestan Province, southern Iran were examined individually and privately under the flash light for all life cycle stages of lice or their nits in 2016. A questionnaire was filled for each school child before hair examination; then examination was carried out to detect head lice as well as eggs/nits. Results: Overall, 2995 students (10.5%) were infested with pediculosis. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of pediculosis among the boys and girls students. The prevalence of infestation was also significantly (P<0.05) higher in students of living in nomad tribes (23.8%) in comparison of rural (12.4%) and urban areas (6.5%). Conclusion: Several risk factors significantly (P<0.05) related to pediculosis included gender of female, nomad habitat, parents education, father's occupation, having health staff, history of infestation and number of combing per day. Increasing awareness and training of teachers and relatives, as well as for improving standards of personal health, can significantly reduce the prevalence of pediculosis.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15521 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15521/6235

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1930 1936 Babak HASSANZADEH RAD Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Seyed Jamal HASHEMI Dept. of Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam FARASATINASAB Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javaneh ATIGHI School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: Dermatophytosis is known as one of the most frequent cutaneous infections that lead to public health problems to human and animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of human dermatophytosis due to zoophilic species in Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2015.  Methods: Overall, 3989 patients with clinically suspected fungal infections were studied. Samples of skin, hair, and nails were examined by direct examination and culture. Direct microscopic examination was performed by KOH 15% for skin, KOH and DMSO for nail clippings and lactophenol for hair. Specimens were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and mycobiotic agar. Results: Of 3989 patients, 755 (19%) suffered from dermatophytosis. Out of isolated dermatophytes, 716 (94.8%) anthropophilic, 35 (4.6%) zoophilic and 4 (0.5%) were geophilic species. Among of 35 patients