Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 327 334 Inhwan LEE College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Jinkyung CHO College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Haeryun HONG College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Youngyun JIN College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Donghyun KIM College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Hyunsik KANG College of Sport Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea 2018 03 04 2018 03 04  Background: Sarcopenia has been implicated in the increased risk for cognitive impairment and depression associated with aging. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship of sarcopenia with cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in a sample of 201 community-dwelling Korean women (mean age of 74.0±6.8 yr) between 2014 and 2015. Methods: The Korean version of mini-mental state examination and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to assess cognitive performance and depression, respectively. Grp strength was measured with a dynamometer. Demographics, body composition, education, alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular diseases were assessed as covariates. Results: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MCI and depression were calculated according to sarcopenia status. Compared to non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic women had the ORs of 2.160 (95% CI of 0.840 - 5.554, P=0.030) and of 5.493 (95% CI of 1.854 - 16.270, P=0.002) for MCI. The OR of pre-sarcopenia for MCI remained significant (P=0.030) even after adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, and education, while the OR of sarcopenia for MCI was no longer significant (P=0.084) when adjusted for the covariates. Compared to non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic women had the ORs of 3.750 (95% CI of 1.137 - 12.370, P=0.030) and of 4.687 (95% CI of 1.127 -19.505, P=0.034) for depression. The ORs of pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia for depression remained statistically significant (P=0.020 and P=0.042, respectively) even after adjusted for the covariates  Conclusion: Sarcopenia was significantly associated with MCI and depression in otherwise healthy community dwelling elderly Korean women.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12677 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12677/5917

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 309 316 Bagher FARHOOD Dept. of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Ghazale GERAILY Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahad ALIZADEH Dept. of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 Background: Iran in recent years had the rapid development of industrialization and modernity, and changes in the people's lifestyles and environment, these changes may affect epidemiological patterns of various types of cancers. In this review, incidence and mortality of various cancers (skin, gastric, esophageal, breast, and prostate) in Iran have been reported. Methods: The related data about Iran and other countries were collected from databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. All included studies were published before Jun 2017.  Results: There is an increment trend of incidence and mortality rate for most cancers in Iran. Conclusion: The plan for control and prevention of cancers must be a high priority for health policy in Iran as well as it is suggested that earlier screening is need for high-risk population.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12675 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12675/5915

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 449 450 Okba SELMI Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia AND Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia Nejmeddine OUERGHI Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef,University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia AND Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia AND Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia Wissam Ben KHALIFA Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia Nidhal JEBABLI Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia AND Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia Moncef FEKI Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia Anissa BOUASSIDA Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef,University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12696 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12696/5933

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 335 341 Changhai SU Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Yang LIU Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Haiwen ZHANG Dept. of Internal Medicine, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Bin XIAO Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China Te’er BA Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotic application on the intestinal flora in elderly hypertension patients with infectious diseases. Methods: A total of 2350 infected patients treated in Ordos Central Hospital (Inner Mongolia, China) from January 2010 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and 790 healthy hypertension patients were selected as the control group. The 2350 patients were assigned into group A and B based on the administration with narrow-spectrum antibiotic or broad-spectrum antibiotic. The feces specimens of patients at the 1st, 5th, 9th and 14th day after antibiotic treatment were collected to analyze the bacteriological data and the cases of intestinal flora imbalance after applying the narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotic were compared and the differences in the bacterial colony compositions of intestinal floras from those of the healthy hypertension patients at the same period were analyzed. Results: The ratio of intestinal flora imbalance was 50.4% after applying antibiotic in patients from group A and 78.3% in group B. grade I and II imbalance were predominant in group A and grade III imbalance was the most severe one in group B (P<0.05). Compared with the intestinal flora in healthy elderly hypertension patients, the ratio of the primary composition flora of patients with imbalanced intestinal flora was changed obviously. Conclusion: The application of narrow-spectrum antibiotic and shortening the application time of antibiotic can more effectively protect the normal intestinal flora of elderly hypertension patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12679 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12679/5918

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 317 326 Mohsen HEIDARY Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad NASIRI Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein DABIRI Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira TARASHI Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 04 2018 03 04  Background: The infections caused by drug resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are becoming an important health problem worldwide. There are several reports on antimicrobial resistant status of K. pneumoniae in Iran. However, a comprehensive analysis on drug-resistant K. pneumoniae from different parts of Iran has not yet been performed. Methods: The searches were done according to several English and Persian databases including PubMed, Scopus, Iranmedex, and SID to identify studies addressing antibiotic resistant K. pneumoniae in Iran from Jan 1998 to Nov 2014. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V2.2, Biostat) software was used to analyze the data. Results: The incidence rate of imipenem and ceftazidime resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.5) and 55.7% (95% CI, 46.9-64.1), respectively. The highest rate of resistance in isolates of K. pneumoniae was seen against ampicillin (82.2%), aztreonam (55.4%) and nitrofurantoin (54.5%). Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of drug resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran. Thus, a high degree of awareness among physicians and microbiologists, active infection control committee, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, improvement of hygiene condition and monitoring of drug resistant isolates are urgently needed in order to better control the emergence and spread of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in hospital settings.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12676 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12676/5916

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 451 452 Min-Ho SONG Dept. of Liberal Arts, Korean Langage and Literature, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Sang-Ho LEE College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12697 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12697/5934

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 342 349 Sunhee LEE Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Hye-Jin KIM Dept. of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea Han-Gyo CHOI Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Yang Sook YOO Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea 2018 03 04 2018 03 04 Background: Interpersonal competence is an important capacity for nurses. Recently, the advent of smartphones has instigated considerable changes in daily life. Because smartphone has multiple functions, people tend to use them for numerous activities, often leading to addictive behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study performed a detailed analysis of smartphone addiction subscales and social support related to interpersonal competence of nursing students. Overall, 324 college students were recruited at Catholic University in Seoul, Korea from Feb 2013 to Mar 2013. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, which included scales that measured smartphone addiction, social support, interpersonal competence, and general characteristics. Path analysis was used to evaluate structural relations between subscales of smartphone addictions, social support, and interpersonal competence. Results: The effect of cyberspace-oriented relationships and social support on interpersonal competence were 1.360 (P=.004) and 0.555 (P<.001), respectively. Conclusion: Cyberspace-oriented relationship, which is a smartphone addiction subscale, and social support were positively correlated with interpersonal competence of nursing students, while other smartphone addiction subscales were not related to nursing student interpersonal competence. Therefore, effective smartphone teaching methods be developed to enhance nursing student motivation     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12680 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12680/5919

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 3 2018 03 04 453 454 Ali SOROUSH Life Style Modification Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammad MOHSENI Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 191 192 George IMATAKA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2020 01 07 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19382 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19382/6647

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 181 185 Alireza BADIRZADEH Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saber RAEGHI Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Vahid FALLAH-OMRANI Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila ROUHANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The main objective of the current study was to investigate on the cryopreservation of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus, a causative agent of cystic hydatidosis in man. Methods:  This study was conducted on isolated protoscoleces from hydatid cysts infected livers collected from slaughterhouse of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by dye test. Cryopreservation of isolated protoscoleces in the presence of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol using a three-step cooling protocol involving an initial period at -20 °C, -80 °C and liquid nitrogen was performed. Results: The mean viability rate of 10% DMSO and 15% glycerol were 9% and 8% respectively. The protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus have been successfully thawed and recovered after 6 months storage in liquid nitrogen. Conclusion: Cryopreservation method needs to be improved for each species of helminthes and can be useful for other immunological and laboratorial studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19377 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19377/6644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 37 45 Qing LU Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, P.R. China 2020 01 07 Background: Continuously deeper reform of public hospitals has put forward the need to innovate the philosophy and system of large medical equipment operation and management, and the phenomenon featuring “more attention to purchasing and less attention to management” need to be turned around. Methods: This research took use of information management to set up ID fields (unique number) for target stand-alone equipment; integrated statistics functions of HIS, PACS, LIS, RIS and equipment management system to get the basic operation data; informationized the work flow and reform technology to set up a post evaluation indictor system for the performance of stand-alone equipment; compared the service condition of newly purchased equipment with the feasibility application of relative department from various dimensions; designed objective post-evaluation indicators from various angles to scientifically manage existing medical equipment and support decision-making of new application for purchasing medical equipment. Results: Application performance of stand-alone equipment and clinical departments were ranked in a standardized manner. Decision-making mode based on data case of stand-alone equipment was set up. Net present value was evaluated. However, re-purchasing the instrument did not continuously increase the contribution of each instrument. The laboratory can purchase new instruments again, while the imaging department is not recommended to purchase. Conclusion: The performance evaluation mechanism based on information construction for large stand-alone medical equipment and its support for decision-making of purchasing is of great significance to improve the service life of equipment, exert the maximum effect and reduce economic waste. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19357 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19357/6628

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 193 195 Ahasanul HAQUE Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Naila ANWAR Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Farzana YASMIN Faculty of Science, Lincoln University, Jalan Stadium, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia Arun KUMAR TAROFDER Faculty of Business Management and Professional Studies, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Nazmul Mohammad Hassan MAZIZ Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS, Perdana, Malaysia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19384/6648

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 46 55 Se-Young JU Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea 2020 01 07 Background: The quality of out-of-home foods is an increasingly important issue due to increasing popularity of eating out. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of eating-out frequency with general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes among Korean adults. Methods: This study collected data from 2010- 2015 KNHANES. The total number of participants was 33,427 Korean adults aged 19 years and older. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software version 9.3.  Results: Eating-out more frequently was associated with younger, unmarried, employed, urban resident, higher income, higher education, and being male. Regarding dietary behavior, subjects with skipping breakfast and taking snack behavior showed a tendency to eat out more frequently. Meanwhile, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium intake were higher in subjects with ≥ 5/week eating-out frequency than those in subjects with < 5/week eating-out frequency. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the effect of targeted public health education and policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19359/6629

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 196 197 Hengjun JIANG Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China Xingling CHEN The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Yuxiu HU The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Feng TAO The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19385/6649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 56 67 Chunyan QIU Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yue ZHANG Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Longhua CHEN Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 2020 01 07 Background: Risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined by genetic predisposition and environmental factors that often co-occur and interact, resulting in diversiform biological reactions. The present study attempted to investigate transcriptome alteration and adaptation associated with CRC progression. Methods: The study consisted of patients who presented at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China with a colonic neoplasm in 1992-2004. Microarray GSE41258 of the study was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus and 253 included microarrays were categorized by groups of normal colon, early primary tumor, lymph node metastases primary tumor, advanced primary tumor and distant metastases. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) was applied to discover tumor grade-dependent gene expression patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to explore functional enrichment of differential expression genes (DEGs). Results: Overall, 2870 significant DEGs were screened out on all groups. Six significant grade-dependent gene expression patterns were statistically significant. DEGs in all significant patterns were mainly assembled in GO terms of metastases and deterioration of tumor, epithelial proteins and cytokines, and protein binding and bridging. DEGs in profile 0 down-regulated with higher tumor grade, prominently enriched in KEGG pathways of metabolism. Conclusion: Besides many well-known colorectal cancer-related pathways, DEGs of profiles especially those down-regulated with CRC progression, clustered in various metabolic pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, as well as xenobiotics biotransformation that link to tumorigenesis, demonstrating the impairment of physiological metabolic pathways in the context of tumor progression. These results gave a high potential for therapeutic strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19360/6630

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 198 200 Yong-Keum CHOI Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science and Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea Jin-Sun CHOI Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19386/6650

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 68 76 Nurbek IGISSINOV Department of Surgical Diseases № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Science and Analytic, International High School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Alma AUBAKIROVA Republican Center for Health Development, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Galiya ORAZOVA Department of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulnur AKPOLATOVA 1. Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2. Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Saltanat URAZOVA Department of General Medical Practice № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Dinar Tarzhanova Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Akmaral ZHANTUREYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Yerlan KUANDYKOV Department of Family Medicine, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 2020 01 07 Background: As a result of the road traffic accidents 1.25 mln. of working-age people die each year on the roads. Frequency of the RTA is 11 times higher in our country than in Europe, that influence on demographic and economic situation in the republic. Creation of the math modeling and prediction of traffic mortality rate in Kazakhstan will allow to develop measure on its decrease. Methods: Short-term dotted prediction of population mortality level of Kazakhstan was used, in particular – methods of regressive analysis. General prognosis throughout the country up to 2021 was made on the basis of data for 1999-2018. The more relevant method for prediction is exponential function taking into account the features of mortality rate level trend. Results: Prediction of traffic fatalities without division into the age-related groups for 2019 is 2132±181 case with a probability 2/3. Expected levels for 2020-2027 cases, for 2021-1927 cases. Annual mortality decrease rate according to the 0-19 age-related at an average is 6.4% among men and 5.8% among women, according to age group as a whole – by 6.2%; from 20 up to 64 age related group – 5.1 % on all population category; older 65 age –group is by 2.2 %, 3.7 % among men, 2.9% among women as a whole. Conclusion: In the foreseeable future the number of traffic deaths in Kazakhstan will tend to decrease at a slower pace. Mortality rates due to road traffic accidents among working-age men will be 3 times higher than women in this age group. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19361/6631

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 201 202 Ammar N.H. ALBUJEER Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq AND School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain AND School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza KHAMI School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alya ALMAHAFDHA School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19387/6651

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 77 85 Mehdi BAGHERI Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mozhgan FAZLI School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Sara SAEEDNIA School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Majid GHOLAMI KHARANAGH Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Naghmeh AHMADIANKIA School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran AND Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: We aimed to assess the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on breast cancer cell migration and also its effect on the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and β-catenin. Methods: This study was performed in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran from 2017- 2018. In this experimental study, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of SFN (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μM) at different time points of 24, 48, and 72 h. The control group was untreated cells. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of SFN on cell migration at different time points were evaluated using scratch assay. Moreover, apoptosis was assessed by using flow cytometric analysis. The expression of βcatenin and EMT markers of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 were determined by real-time PCR. Western blotting analysis of β-catenin was applied to determine its changes after SFN treatment Results: SFN markedly inhibited the migration of cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40µM after 24, 48, and 72 h. At relatively, high concentrations (30, 40µM), SFN induced apoptosis. Moreover, SFN reduced the gene expression of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 after 72 h. The expression of β-catenin revealed a time-dependent decrease at the concentration of 40 µM SFN. Conclusion: Downregulation of EMT markers and β-catenin showed accordance with the inhibition of migration. SFN could be a promising drug candidate to reduce metastasis in breast cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19363 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19363/6632

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 203 205 Arlin ADAM Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia Andi ALIM Department of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia Dedy MAULANA Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19388/6652

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 86 95 Hossein MIRZAEI HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Zhaleh ABDI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham AHMADNEZHAD National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshad GOHRIMEHR National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham ABDALMALEKI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rezvaneh ALVANDI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj HARIRCHI School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of the Iranians following the sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) introduction and the recent health reform implementation in Iran and to compare with those of the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) and global average. Methods: This comparative study used secondary data to investigate socio-demographic and health status indicators. The sources included census, population-based surveys and death registries. Global and regional health status indicators were obtained from international databases including WHO, the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metric and Evaluation (IHME). Results: Life expectancy and human development index improved following the reform implementation. Among causes of death, 74.6% were attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There was an increasing trend in risk factors for NCDs in Iran, while at the same time neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates reduced. Compared to the MENA, Iran has a lower maternal mortality ratio, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality rates, and a higher life expectancy. NCDs and road traffic injuries accounted for a larger portion of disability-adjusted life years in Iran compared to the MENA and worldwide. Conclusion: Actions against communicable diseases and road traffic injuries are required together with continued efforts to address NCDs. Although based on the results, Iran has relatively high rankings, there is a need ‎to develop a roadmap to accelerate achieving global health goals and SDGs targets.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19365/6633

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 206 208 Ensiyeh JENABI Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Salman KHAZAEI Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2020 01 08 NO Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19389/6653

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 96 103 Laleh HOVEIDA Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Behrooz ATAEI Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Nour AMIRMOZAFARI Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra NOORMOHAMMADI Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species and their enterotoxin-encoding genes in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied in some developing countries. This study aimed to assess the frequency of Staphylococcus spp. and their related virulence factors in foodstuffs in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: Overall, 139 foodstuff samples, collected from Isfahan City (center of Iran) from Sep 2015 to Oct 2016, were processed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. using standard bacteriological prole="en_US">Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jila Yavarian 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 28 2023 08 13 Background: Whole viral genome sequencing with next generation sequencing (NGS) technique is useful tool for determining the diversity of variants and mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In this study we have attempted to characterize the mutations and circulating variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran in 2021. Methods: We performed complete genome sequencing of 15 SARS-CoV-2 detected from 15 COVID-19 patients during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic with NGS. Three groups of the patients at the beginning, middle and the end of the 4th wave were compared together. Results: We detected alpha and delta variants during the 4th wave of the pandemic. The results illustrated a dominance of amino acid substitution D614G in spike, and the most frequent mutants were N­-R203K, G204R, S235F, nsp12-P323L, nsp6-G106del, G107del and F108del. Conclusion: The detection of the virus mutations is a useful procedure for identifying the virus behavior and its genetic evolution in order to improve the efficacy of the monitoring strategies and therapeutic measures. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30768/8115

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2630 2642 EN Fatemeh Suri Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdullah Biginaloo School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mehdi Ghadimi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Hossein Dehghan Banadaki Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Hassan Paylakhi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 06 28 2022 09 29 Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a superfamily of extracellular proteinases found in both mammals and invertebrates. Although there is some evidence about the role of ADAMTSs in ocular diseases such as glaucoma and ectopia lentis, but there is little information about the expression patterns of ADAMTS-1-20 and ADAMTS-like (ADAMTSL-1-6 and PAPLN) genes in human ocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiling of ADAMTS(L) superfamily of genes in different ocular tissues based on age. Methods: In 2019, nine human donated eye globes were provided from the Central Eye Bank of Iran, and were divided into three different groups based on age (under 3 yr old, between 20 to 50 and upper 50 yr old). To assess expression patterns of ADAMTS(L) genes in different ocular tissues including trabecular meshwork, lens, retinal pigment epithelium, macula, and optic nerve in the three age groups, total RNA was extracted from the tissues and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by Real-time PCR was performed. Results: We demonstrated not only each member of ADAMTS(L) superfamily shows different expression pattern between the five investigated ocular tissues, but also some members have differential expressions among the investigated age groups in same tissues. Conclusion: Differential expression of ADAMTS(L) genes in ocular tissues from different age groups could explain some functional aspects of the tissues and also may be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for ocular diseases and pathologies. Further studies are required to explore their functional roles associated with ocular pathologies.ADAMTS Proteins https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25392 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25392/8116

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2643 2650 Elham Khatooni Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Ahmadnezhad National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Olyaee Manesh National Institute of Health Research, Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Recently Circulated in Iran for Improving the Molecular Measles Surveillance in the National Measles Lab 1730 1738 Raziyeh Zareh-Khoshchehreh 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Vahid Salimi 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghazal Sadat Fatemi Nasab 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Naseri Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Adjami Nezhad Fard 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat Mokhtari Azad 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 06 20 2023 01 22 Background: Despite decreasing the global burden of measles disease after the introduction of vaccination, measles remains one of the most devastating childhood diseases. Since genotype B3 is reported as a predominant Measles Virus (MeV) genotype recently, the current study aimed to better understand MeV genetic variation by analyzing the complete sequence of Hemagglutinin (H) gene associated with outbreaks of circulated genotypes in Iran. Methods: Nine positive measles specimens were selected from three circulated different genotypes H1, B3, and D4. Two different regions of MeV RNA were detected by RT-PCR assay. Sequence data and phylogenetic trees were analyzed and constructed by MEGA X software program. Moreover, missense and silent mutations in critical positions of the MeV-H protein were investigated. Results: The result of phylogenetic analysis from the C-terminus of the Nucleoprotein gene (NP-450) and the complete H gene revealed that the mean sequence diversity was 0.06%-0.08% and 0.04%, respectively. Genotype H1 had the highest mutation in this study; however, the substitutions in genotype B3 fundamentally occurred in critical epitopes. Moreover, genotype D4 was more stable than genotypes B3 and H1. Conclusion: Mutations were investigated in the whole sequence of H protein. Moreover, the mutations that occur in the critical sites of the protein have an important effect on the pathogenicity of the virus. In this way, we were able to illustrate why genotype B3 is more transmissible than other measles genotypes and is the most important circulating genotype around the world. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21197 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21197/8016

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1642 1655 Farzaneh Kermani Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mehdi Kahouei 1. Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Ali Valinejadi 1. Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Malihe Sadeghi Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Marjan Momeni School of Rehabilitation, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Shahrbanoo Pahlevanynejad Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2022 03 13 2022 12 09 Background: Integration of healthcare services for preterm neonates at home and hospital by mobile technology is an economical and convenient intervention, which is being increasingly applied worldwide. We aimed to classify the outcomes of mobile applications tailored to parents of premature infants. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching the six main databases until May 2021. Mobile applications tailored to parents of premature infants and the reported outcomes of this technology were identified and classified. Quality of screened articles checked by MMAT tool. Results: Overall, 10703 articles were retrieved, and after eliminating the duplicated articles, 9 articles were reviewed ultimately. Identified outcomes were categorized into three groups parental, application, and neonatal outcomes. In the parental outcomes, maternal stress/stress coping, parenting self-efficacy, satisfaction, anxiety, partnership advocacy/improved parent-infant relationship, feeling of being safe, reassurance and confidence, increase awareness, as well as discharge preparedness, were identified. In the application outcomes, application usage, ease of use/user-friendly, and usability of the designed application were placed. Finally, the neonatal outcomes include health and clinical items. Conclusion: Mobile applications can be useful in prematurity for educating pregnant mothers, managing stress and anxiety, supporting families, and preparing for discharge. Moreover, due to the coronavirus condition, providing remote services for parents is an appropriate solution to reduce the in-person visits to neonatal care centers. Development of tailored apps can promote the neonates' health and reduce their parents’ stress. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28135 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28135/8007

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1739 1748 EN Majid Babaie Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Habibollah Pirnejad 1. Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2. Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management (ESHPM), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands Jafar Rezaie Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Ur-mia, Iran Gholamreza Roshandel Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Rana Hoseini Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2021 12 29 2022 08 09 Background: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common cancer worldwide, remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The etiology of GC may arise from genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the association between GC incidence and socioeconomic status in Iran. Methods: An ecological study was designed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the risk of GC incidence. The data of socioeconomic variables such as income changes, unemployment rate, urbanization ratio, inflation rate, and air pollution changes in 31 provinces were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, and the data of GC of 31 provinces were provided from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR). Data from 2014 to 2017 was analyzed using panel data analysis, the fixed effects model by EViews software. Results: Panel data model was suitable for the present study. Results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between GC incidence and socioeconomic factors including income changes (P≤ 0.001), unemployment rate (P≤0.01), inflation rate (P≤ 0.05), and air pollution changes (P≤ 0.001). The urbanization ratio showed a negative relationship and was not statistically associated with GC incidence (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a positive and significant association between socioeconomic status and GC incidence, proposing a GC risk factor. The key public health policies and welfare policies' priority should therefore be to schedule for the GC management.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27332 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27332/8017

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 07 1749 1757 Ebrahim Alijani Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Farhad Riazi Rad Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Asal Katebi Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Soheila Ajdary Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 09 2022 06 29 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Besides, one-third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) while staying clinically asymptomatic; the situation is called latent TB infection (LTBI). MiR-21, miR-31, miR-146a, and miR-155 play an important role in many immune and inflammatory pathways. In the present study the expression levels of MiR-21, miR-31, miR-146a, and miR-155 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with active TB, latently infected individuals (LTBI), and healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Participants were recruited at the Bouali Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran from 2010 to 2011. Methods: PBMCs were stimulated with PPD before RNA extraction. TaqMan RT-qPCR assay was used to analyze the expression levels of miRNAs. Results: The results indicated no significant differences in the expression of miR-21 and miR-31 between different groups; however, in patients with active TB, the expression of miR-21 (P=0.03) and miR-31 (P=0.04) were significantly increased after stimulation with PPD compared to the unstimulated condition. The expression of miR-146 in response to PPD in both LTBI (P=0.02) and TB (P=0.03) groups compared to the HC group was increased. No significant differences were found in the expression level of miR-155 in response to PPD between LTBI and HC groups. However, the fold change was significantly higher in the TB group in comparison with the HC (P=0.03) and LTBI (P=0.05) groups. Conclusion: The results confirm the main role of miR-146 and miR-155 in TB infection and suggest a role for miR-146 and miR-155 as infection and activation markers in tuberculosis infection, respectively. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28684 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28684/8018

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 07