Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1184 1192 Yeong Seon HONG Health and Welfare Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dong-Kyu LEE Dept. of Biological Sciences, School of Health & Environment, Kosin University, Wachi-ro Yeongdo-gu Busan, Republic of Korea Jin-Han YOON Korea Health Project Evaluation Research Institute, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Aeree SOHN Dept. of Health Management, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: The aim of this study was to provide evidence for developing intervention and effective management for the prevention of malaria based on epidemiological analysis and assessment of Korean soldiers’ knowledge on malaria and malaria preventive behavior. Methods: The data were collected from 294 Korean soldiers nearby the demilitarized zone in Gyeonggi Province in 2016. Multiple regression analyses were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The level of education (β=.24, P<.001), educational experience on malaria (β=.21, P<.001) and ranks like corporal (β=.13, P<.05), and sergeant (β=.13, P<.05) were observed to be associated with the level of knowledge of malaria (F=9.62, =.12, P<.001). Knowledge of malaria (β=.25, P<.001) and malaria education experience (β=.22, P<.001) were the factors that influenced malaria prevention behavior and practice (F=12.45, =.18, P<.001). Conclusion: The level of knowledge and education experience was associated with malaria prevention practice. Therefore, malaria education is very important for the soldiers in nearby DMZ for prevention of malaria. The findings provide implications for the development of intervention programs focusing on increasing the levels of knowledge and practices related to malaria.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10990 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10990/5676

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1156 1166 Jafar Sadegh TABRIZI Health Services Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Faramarz POURASGHAR Road Traffic Injury Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Informatics, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Raana GHOLAMZADEH NIKJOO Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: After the establishment of Primary Health Care (PHC) program in Iran, health indicators have improved every year. This progress was so rapid that a number of shortcomings and weaknesses of the PHC program remained silent behind its successes. This study aimed to assess the status of Iran’s PHC system (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) in terms of health system’s control knobs. Methods: The search was conducted through two English `databases of Web of Knowledge and PubMed, two English publications of Science Direct and Springer and two Persian databases of Magiran and SID. Keywords were selected from MeSH and included primary health care, PHC and Iran in both Persian and English. No time limit was considered. Results: Iran's PHC system has numerous successes in dealing with health system’s control knobs; which largely part of that related to the health network implementation, the role of Behvarz, improvement of health indicators in rural areas and the elimination of urban-rural inequality, but there are some weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Iranian PHC system as well. Conclusion: By considering socio-economic changes the current structure of PHC system needs to be reformed to coordinate with phenomenon of chronic diseases, accidents and aging. The current information system in PHC does not provide the required information for decision makers and policy makers so it needs to be transformed to the electronic system with unique electronic health file for individuals.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10986 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10986/5672

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1292 1294 Eun-Ju CHOI Division of Sport Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Taikyeong Ted. JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Effects of the CrossFit Exercise Data Analysis on Body  Composition and Blood Profiles https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11003 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11003/5689

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1193 1203 Liubao GU Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China Huihui FENG Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China Jian JIN JIN Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Population aging has become increasingly serious in China. The demand for medical insurance of the elderly is increasing, and their health status and life satisfaction are becoming significant issues. This study investigates the effects of medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Methods: The national baseline survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2013 were adopted. The Ordered Probit Model was established. The effects of the medical insurance for urban employees, medical insurance for urban residents, and new rural cooperative medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly were investigated. Results: Medical insurance could facilitate the improvement of the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Accordingly, the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly who have medical insurance for urban residents improved significantly. The regression coefficients were 0.348 and 0.307. The corresponding regression coefficients of the medical insurance for urban employees were 0.189 and 0.236. The regression coefficients of the new rural cooperative medical insurance were 0.170 and 0.188. Conclusion: Medical insurance can significantly improve the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. This development is of immense significance for the formulation of equal medical security. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10991 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10991/5677

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1167 1175 Sanaz JOULAI VEIJOUYE Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Abazar YARI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Fatemeh HEIDARI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Nayereh SAJEDI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh GHOROGHI MOGHANI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maliheh NOBAKHT Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Anti-Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Hair follicle stem cells exist in different sites. Most of the hair follicle stem cells are reside in niche called bulge. Bulge region is located between the opening of sebaceous gland and the attachment site of the arrector pili muscle. Methods: Data were collected using databases and resources of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE and their references from the earliest available published to identify English observational studies on hair follicle bulge region. Results: Bulge stem cells are pluripotent with high proliferative capacity. Specific markers allow the bulge cells to be isolated from mouse or human hair follicle. Stem cells isolated from bulge region are label retaining and slow cycling hence these cells are defined as label-retaining cells. Bulge cell populations, due to their plasticity nature are able to differentiate into distinct linage and could contribute in tissue regeneration. Conclusion: The current review discuss about bulge stem cells characteristics and biology including their cycle, location, plasticity, specific markers and regenerative nature. Also the differences between mouse and human hair follicles are investigated.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10987 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10987/5673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1295 1296 Pavol BENO Dept. of Laboratory Medicine in Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 The Treated Drug Users in the Slovak Republic https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11007 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11007/5693

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1204 1210 Phuong Kim TRUONG Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam AND Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Thuan Duc LAO Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Thuy Ai Huyen LE Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered as main cause of cervical cancer. Recently, aberrant DNA methylation at tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), leading to inactivation, has also been an early epigenetic event and cofactor in cervical carcinogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate an association between the hypermethylation of p16INK4α gene’s promoter and HPV exposure in non-invasive samples (liquid-based papanicolaous samples) in Vietnamese population. Methods: 109 liquid-based papanicolaous test samples were archived and admitted from the Medic Medical Center and Au Lac Clinic Laboratory, Vietnam, from 2011–2014. Methylation-Specific-PCR (MSP) was performed to analyze methylation status from the liquid-based papanicolaous test samples identified whether HPV/or non-HPV, high-risk/low-risk HPV infection. Results: An upward trend was observed concerning the p16INK4α hypermethylation frequency in high-risk HPV infection, counting for 55.6%, and the low methylation frequency in low-risk and non-HPV infected samples, counting for 22.9%, 8.0%, respectively. The significant correlation between candidate p16INK4α hypermethylation and HPV exposure was observed (P<0.0001). Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were found in statistical significant value. (OR=5.76, 95%CI: 2.36 – 14.04, P<0.01; RR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.75–5.53, P<0.01). Conclusion: Presence of p16INK4α hypermethylation was the specific characteristic of high-risk HPV infected samples in Vietnamese population. The OR and RR values showed that the strong correlation between p16INK4α hypermethylation and high-risk HPV infection, in which increased the risk of cervical cancer. The combination of p16INK4α hypermethylation and HPV detection based biomarker could be used in non-invasive samples obtained from high-risk cancer patients, offer significant practical advantages.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10992 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10992/5678

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1176 1183 Maryam MOOSAVI Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: From old times, the human kind has used clays, externally or internally, for maintaining body health or treating some diseases. Meanwhile there are few scientific articles reviewing the beneficial effects of clays on body function. Bentonite clay is one of the available clays in nature, used as traditional habits, and remedies in many cultures. Methods: These articles explored among 2500 scientific articles published in PubMed to sort the scientific works have been done on the effects of this clay on body function (it was about 100 articles). Results: Bentonite has a broad range of action on different parts of body. Conclusion: As traditional remedies seem to have a deep root in maintaining body health, it merits doing more research works on bentonite clay and its impacts on body function.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10989 https://iearch Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Mert AYDIN Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Ozdal GUNES Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main health issues in Turkey. Extrapulmonary TB cases have significant proportion comparing pulmonary TB cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in two regions of Turkey, which have different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, EPTB cases between 2000 and 2005 in Van and Izmir Provinces of Turkey were analyzed and compared for symptoms, age groups, vaccination status, diagnostic procedures and social-economical conditions within two provinces. Descriptive analytic methods were used. Results: Total of 397 EPTB cases were reviewed retrospectively in Izmir and Van provinces. Pleural TB was most often seen EPTB form (47.6% vs. 32.6%) and female/male ratio was similar in both groups. Patients were in older ages in Izmir Province. Chest pain (20% vs. 32%), cough (33% vs. 26%) and night sweatiness (29% vs. 36%) were leading complaints. Low BCG vaccination rate and higher childhood EPTB were found in Van group, in contrary elderly EPTB was more often in of Izmir group. Conclusion: Frequency of severe forms of EPTB is more often in younger ages in lower social economical condition areas.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6262 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6262/5323

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 381 386 Anca PORUMB Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Ioana IGNAT ROMANUL Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Camelia DALAI Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Gabiela CIAVOI Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Ioan Andrei TIG Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 This case of a female patient, 14 yr old with association of the two anomalies, which we came across with in 2014, is rarely met in the specialty practice. The impacted canines are part of the group of dental anomalies of position, while the agenesis is part of the group of dental number anomalies. The orthodontic treatment in the two arches has to be differentiated, the therapeutic objectives being, also different in the two arches.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6272 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6272/5335

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 392 393 Kaan SAVASOGLU Dept. of Medical Genetics, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey Mehmet EMIN ERDAL Dept. of Medical Biology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6275 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6275/4653 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6275/5338

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 314 321 Wenxin XU Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China Menglong LI Physical Education Institute, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China Jiwei YAO Physical Education Institute, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Anxiety, depression, and other adverse psychological reactions are often observed in elderly hypertensive patients. Appropriate exercise is a safe form of adjuvant therapy without causing side effects among these patients, with consistent effects on patients’ mental health. In this study, a collective exercise intervention experiment was conducted to evaluate the mental health of elderly hypertensive patients and to verify the effect of the psychological intervention of collective exercise. Method: A total of 115 elderly hypertensive patients aged 60–70 years old were selected as study subjects from May 2012 to January 2015 in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China. A total of 57 patients were included in the control group and 58 patients were assigned in the experimental group. Patients in the experimental group participated in a 12 weeks exercise intervention, while patients in the control group didn’t participate in any regular physical exercise. Results: After intervention, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), total score, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoia scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The positive coping style score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); by contrast, the negative coping style score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The mental health level and coping ability of elderly hypertensive patients can be effectively improved with the proposed treatment.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6263 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6263/5324

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 394 395 Faizan SHERAZ Army Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan Fatima HEMANI Sindh Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan Hasnain Abbas DHARAMSHI Masoomeen Hospital Trust, Karachi, Pakistan 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6276 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6276/5340

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 322 328 Ensieh LOTFALI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parivash KORDBACHEH Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein MIRHENDI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farideh ZAINI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali GHAJARI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rasoul MOHAMMADI Dept. of Medical, Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh NOORBAKHSH Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran Maryam MO­AZENI Invasive Fungi Research Center, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Aliakbar FALLAHI Dept. of Microbiology & Parasitology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Sassan REZAIE Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Candida parapsilosis is an emergent agent of invasive fungal infections. This yeast is one of the five most widespread yeasts concerned in invasive candidiasis. C. parapsilosis stands out as the second most common yeast species isolated from patients with bloodstream infections especially in neonates with catheter. Recently several reports suggested that its reduced susceptibility to azoles and polyene might become a cause for clinical concern, although C. parapsilosis is not believed to be intensely prone to the development of antifungal resistance. Methods: In the present report, One hundred and twenty clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis complex were identified and differentiated by using PCR-RFLP analysis. The isolates were then analyzed to determine their susceptibility profile to fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITC) and amphotericin B. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results were analyzed according to the standard CLSI guide. Results: All of isolates were identified as C. parapsilosis. No C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis strains were found. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility profile showed that only three (2.5%) C. parapsilosis were resistant to fluconazole, three (2.5%) C. parapsilosis were resistant to itraconazole and two (1.7%) C. parapsilosis were amphotericin B resistant. Conclusion: Profiles in clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis can provide important information for the control of antifungal resistance as well as distribution and susceptibility profiles in populations.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6264 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6264/5325

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 396 398 Ozgur Zeliha KARAAHMET Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Ajda BAL Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Deniz DULGEROGLU Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Eda GURCAY Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Halise Hande GEZER Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Aytul CAKCI Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6277 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6277/5341

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 329 339 Hoorieh SAGHAFI Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid HAGHJOO Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima SABBAGH Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niloofar SAMIEE Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farve VAKILIAN Preventive Cardiovascular Care Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad TAGHI SALEHI OMRAN Roohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Bobol, Iran Masoomeh DADASHI Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad AMIN Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KERAMATIPOUR Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomere proteins. Nowadays genetic testing of HCM plays an important role in clinical practice by contributing to the diagnosis, prognosis, and screening of high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was developing a reliable testing strategy for HCM based on linkage analysis and appropriate for Iranian population. Methods: Six panels of four microsatellite markers surrounding MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, TPM1, and MYL2 genes (24 markers in total) were selected for multiplex PCR and fragment length analysis. Characteristics of markers and informativeness of the panels were evaluated in 50 unrelated Iranians. Tn National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Sports Functional Disability Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2025 04 02 2025 05 09 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38690 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38690/8588

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1263 1271 EN Li Zheng 1. College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2. Department of Pharmacy, Xingtai Medical College, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Yiheng Ding Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Xinhao Li College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Jingxuan Jia College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Yanning Li College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2. Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Jinsheng Qi College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2024 03 16 2025 06 02 Background: We aimed to investigate whether 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) reduced heterogeneity by inducing the maturation of HepG2 cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) pathway. Methods: This in vitro cell research study was conducted under the guidance of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China, from Sep 2022 to Dec 2023. HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of Rg3 in a low glucose microenvironment. The mRNA expression of ALBUMIN (ALB, a marker for hepatocyte function) and HNF4A (a marker for differentiation of HCC cell), and AMPK protein levels were measured after significant changes in cell morphology were observed. Additionally, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) (an AMPK agonist) and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) were used to explore further the underlying mechanism. Results: Under treatment of 5 μM, 10 μM, and 20 μM Rg3, some cells became flattened and larger, and there was an increase in the mRNA expression of ALB and HNF4A (P<0.05). However, there was a decreasing trend in AMPK protein content with 8 μM Rg3 (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, some cells exposed to 8 μM Rg3 exhibited pronounced morphological changes, along with upregulated expression of ALB and HNF4A mRNA. However, no such changes were observed when 8 μM Rg3 was combined with 1.6 mM AICAR. Compared to the control group, 10 μM Compound C or 8 μM Rg3 treatments led to similar changes in cell morphology and showed an increasing trend in HNF4A mRNA expression. Additionally, after treatment with Compound C, pHNF4A was mainly in the nucleus, while after Rg3 treatment, it was mostly in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: Rg3 partially induced the maturation of HepG2 cells through the AMPK/HNF4A pathway.     Keywords: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3; HepG2; Maturation, Genetics https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34913 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34913/8578

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1171 1178 Haiyan Cai Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China Liwen Pan Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China Pei Zhang Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China 2024 05 14 2024 12 22 Background: Perioperative care plays an unparalleled role in the management of strabismus. However, there is still a lack of adequate understanding of the perioperative care and guidelines on nursing measures for strabismus surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review of perioperative care for strabismus, focusing on psychological intervention and rehabilitative nursing. Methods: To comprehensively collect research related to perioperative nursing, we employed a systematic literature retrieval strategy. The databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang, and VIP (Weipu). We read, summarized and review the literatures obtained from databases. Results: We summarized the conclusions in the retained literature and elaborated from two aspects: Psychological intervention and Rehabilitation Nursing. Psychological intervention can be carried out from the following aspects: cognitive behavior intervention, psychological and emotional intervention, social support intervention. Perioperative rehabilitation can be carried out from the following aspects: postoperative nausea and vomiting management, prevention of postoperative infection, visual care, preventing recurrent strabismus post-surgery, avoiding diplopia. Conclusion: Comprehensive perioperative care for patients with strabismus can alleviate negative emotions, improve psychological status, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and enhance patients' quality of life. However, further research is still needed to establish detailed intervention strategies for comprehensive care. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35515 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35515/8569

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1272 1281 Seyed Abbas Motevalian Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 05 2024 12 15 Background: Considering the high importance of the problem of obesity and its related factors, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) in the participants of the employees’ health cohort study of Iran (EHCSIR) using generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM). Methods: A secondary analysis with cross-sectional approach was conducted on the existing data using multilevel GSEM. The primary data of the cohort was collected from July 2017, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Personality traits were exposure, physical activity was the mediator, and BMI was the outcome. Sex was the stratifying variable. Then, pathways with the largest P values were removed one by one using backward stepwise approach. Results: The data of a total of 3554 participants of EHCSIR were used. Sex was subjected for grouping the analysis. In males, extroversion (EX) was the only personality trait associated with both physical activity and BMI. In the direct pathway, EX was positively associated with BMI. In the indirect pathway, EX was negatively associated with BMI (P <0.1). The total effect was positive. In females, physical activity was not associated with BMI, and therefore, no indirect pathway was formed from personality traits to BMI (P >0.1). Conclusion: The role of personality traits in obesity was more dominant in females, while in males, physical activity had a role in obesity. The hypothesized mediation pathway of the study title was not approved in females, and in males, was approved only for EX personality trait. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36272 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36272/8579

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1179 1192 Pavan Narapaka Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Manisha Singh Department of Medical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India Sarasa Meenakshi Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Jaseena C V Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Manasa Goudicharla Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Krishna Murti Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Sameer Dhingra Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India 2024 08 28 2024 12 14 Background: This study aimed to provide comprehensive information on translated versions of the 9-item shared decision-making questionnaire, widely used to measure patient involvement in shared decision-making, by combining psychometric validation information. Methods: We searched various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, along with developer website to gather pertinent literature published until Feb, 2024. This psychometric validation carried out based on item characteristics, content validity, and factor analysis results of individual studies. Our evaluation was based on predetermined cut-off values for item difficulty, discrimination index, Cronbach's alpha, Kaiser Meyer Olkin factor (KMO), Bartlett's test of sphericity, and factor extraction and rotation, confirmatory factor analysis range. The European Social Research Council guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews was employed for synthesis of validation results. Results: The final analysis included nine studies with 3090 participants from various countries, and most participants had adequate literacy, and age range was 30-60 yr. Most model versions had a good fit, and all studies reported satisfactory results, except for one study's discrimination index values. The tool's validity was satisfactory. Most of the studies reported a convenient sample was the main limitation, along with recall bias in the final responses. Conclusion: The 9-item shared decision-making tool can be used to measure patient involvement in shared decision-making in validated language-respected countries, as proper evaluation procedures reported satisfactory results in the confirmatory analysis models and reliability testing.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36488 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36488/8570

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1282 1290 Marzie Salandari Rabori Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Aghdas Souresrafil Department of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mohsen Rezaeian 1. Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Hasan Ahmadinia 1. Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Roya Bahrami Department of Psychology, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mahdie Sadat Hosseini Educator of Midwifery Department, School of Nursing Midwifery Health, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Maryam Hasanshahi Nurse Emergency Department, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital,Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Azam Bagherizade Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2024 05 12 2025 06 02 Background: Suicide is an intentional act that results in the death of a person. Clinical researchers show that a new era has begun in understanding suicide pathophysiology. Our study assessed serum minerals (Fe, Mg) and vitamins (D, B12) to see if they are related to suicide attempts. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ali-ebn-Abi Taleb Hospital, Rafsanjan City Central District, Kerman Province, Iran in 2022. Prior to measuring the quantity of essential minerals and vitamins in the blood, the degree of depression was assessed using the Beck depression severity scale. Chi-square, Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann Whitney U test were performed to ascertain the existence of an association between these substances within the body and suicide attempts. Results: Thirty-two attempted suicides (24 women and 8 men, mean age 14-46 yr) were included in this study. The mean and standard deviation of depression scores for 32 candidates was 16.43 ± 26.74. Moreover, our results show nearly 46.7% (50% women and 37.5% men) of participants suffer from vitamin D deficiency and 6.7% from Mg deficiency, half of them have also severe depression. Conclusion: One of the reasons for the cause of depression and suicide attempt could be the status of minerals and vitamins in the body. Therefore, it is likely that a suitable diet and checking blood factors might help to reduce suicide attempts in a society. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35486 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35486/8580

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1193 1203 Yan Gao Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China Limin Peng Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Hei-longjiang Province, China Chengkun Yuan Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China Shanshan Zhang Department of Obstetrical, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China 2024 12 14 2025 01 25 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for recurrent miscarriage (RMC) using meta-analysis. Methods: Literature from Jan 1990 to Feb 2024 was searched in PubMed, etc., using keywords such as “IVIG”, “repetitive miscarriage”, and “RMC”. Two authors independently assessed the literature quality and risk of via Cochrane handbook, and extracted basic information and outcome indicator data. Meta-analysis was performed employing Review Manager 5.3. Results: Eleven studies were involved, comprising 842 patients, of which 391 received IVIG therapy and 451 received placebo treatment. Relative to placebo group, IVIG group had a notably higher overall live birth rate (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.68~2.98, Z=5.51, P<0.00001) and a greatly lower miscarriage rate (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.22~0.95, Z=2.09, P=0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that both primary and secondary RMC patients in IVIG group had markedly higher live birth rates versus placebo group (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.18~3.83, Z=2.51, P=0.01; OR=1.50, 95% CI=0.98~2.30, Z=1.96, P=0.04). Nevertheless, the adverse reaction (AR) rate in IVIG group was superior to that in placebo group (OR=4.47, 95% CI=1.01~19.81, Z=1.97, P=0.05). Conclusion: IVIG can markedly increase the live birth rate, reduce the miscarriage rate, and enhance pregnancy outcomes in patients with RMC. Nevertheless, the rate of ARs with IVIG therapy is relatively high, thus large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed for validation.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37527 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37527/8571

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1291 1299 Zainab Mhmood Abdulhasan Department of Health Care Management, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ghobad Moradi 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2. Center for Comonoidal Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Hayedeh Hoorsan Department of Nursing-Midwifery, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Yousef Moradi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2024 10 09 2025 01 14 Background: Catastrophic health expenditures can lead to severe household financial burdens, exacerbating poverty and limiting access to necessary health services. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures among households in six provinces of Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, gathering data from 2,400 households in Baghdad, Wasit, Karbala, An-Najaf, Babil, and Maysan in 2023. A two-stage cluster sampling method was utilized, selecting 400 households from each province. Data were collected using WHO "World Health Survey" questionnaire, focusing on health expenditures and household income. Catastrophic health expenditures as defined as out-of-pocket costs exceeding 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression with calculating adjusted odds ratio, were performed using STATA14 software. Results: Overall, 246 households (12.6%) faced Catastrophic health expenditures, with a higher prevalence among female heads of households (13.1%) compared to males (12.6%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that households with 4 to 6 members had 1.52 times higher odds of facing catastrophic health expenditures (AOR=1.52, CI: 1.06 to 2.20). Furthermore, the poorest households had an AOR of 95.28 for experiencing catastrophic health expenditures (OR=95.28, CI: 13.12 to 691.49). Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for tailored policies to reduce the impact of CHE on Iraqi households. By imp