Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1184 1192 Yeong Seon HONG Health and Welfare Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dong-Kyu LEE Dept. of Biological Sciences, School of Health & Environment, Kosin University, Wachi-ro Yeongdo-gu Busan, Republic of Korea Jin-Han YOON Korea Health Project Evaluation Research Institute, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Aeree SOHN Dept. of Health Management, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: The aim of this study was to provide evidence for developing intervention and effective management for the prevention of malaria based on epidemiological analysis and assessment of Korean soldiers’ knowledge on malaria and malaria preventive behavior. Methods: The data were collected from 294 Korean soldiers nearby the demilitarized zone in Gyeonggi Province in 2016. Multiple regression analyses were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The level of education (β=.24, P<.001), educational experience on malaria (β=.21, P<.001) and ranks like corporal (β=.13, P<.05), and sergeant (β=.13, P<.05) were observed to be associated with the level of knowledge of malaria (F=9.62, =.12, P<.001). Knowledge of malaria (β=.25, P<.001) and malaria education experience (β=.22, P<.001) were the factors that influenced malaria prevention behavior and practice (F=12.45, =.18, P<.001). Conclusion: The level of knowledge and education experience was associated with malaria prevention practice. Therefore, malaria education is very important for the soldiers in nearby DMZ for prevention of malaria. The findings provide implications for the development of intervention programs focusing on increasing the levels of knowledge and practices related to malaria.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10990 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10990/5676

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1156 1166 Jafar Sadegh TABRIZI Health Services Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Faramarz POURASGHAR Road Traffic Injury Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Informatics, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Raana GHOLAMZADEH NIKJOO Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: After the establishment of Primary Health Care (PHC) program in Iran, health indicators have improved every year. This progress was so rapid that a number of shortcomings and weaknesses of the PHC program remained silent behind its successes. This study aimed to assess the status of Iran’s PHC system (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) in terms of health system’s control knobs. Methods: The search was conducted through two English `databases of Web of Knowledge and PubMed, two English publications of Science Direct and Springer and two Persian databases of Magiran and SID. Keywords were selected from MeSH and included primary health care, PHC and Iran in both Persian and English. No time limit was considered. Results: Iran's PHC system has numerous successes in dealing with health system’s control knobs; which largely part of that related to the health network implementation, the role of Behvarz, improvement of health indicators in rural areas and the elimination of urban-rural inequality, but there are some weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Iranian PHC system as well. Conclusion: By considering socio-economic changes the current structure of PHC system needs to be reformed to coordinate with phenomenon of chronic diseases, accidents and aging. The current information system in PHC does not provide the required information for decision makers and policy makers so it needs to be transformed to the electronic system with unique electronic health file for individuals.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10986 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10986/5672

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1292 1294 Eun-Ju CHOI Division of Sport Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Taikyeong Ted. JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Effects of the CrossFit Exercise Data Analysis on Body  Composition and Blood Profiles https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11003 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11003/5689

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1193 1203 Liubao GU Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China Huihui FENG Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China Jian JIN JIN Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Population aging has become increasingly serious in China. The demand for medical insurance of the elderly is increasing, and their health status and life satisfaction are becoming significant issues. This study investigates the effects of medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Methods: The national baseline survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2013 were adopted. The Ordered Probit Model was established. The effects of the medical insurance for urban employees, medical insurance for urban residents, and new rural cooperative medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly were investigated. Results: Medical insurance could facilitate the improvement of the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Accordingly, the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly who have medical insurance for urban residents improved significantly. The regression coefficients were 0.348 and 0.307. The corresponding regression coefficients of the medical insurance for urban employees were 0.189 and 0.236. The regression coefficients of the new rural cooperative medical insurance were 0.170 and 0.188. Conclusion: Medical insurance can significantly improve the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. This development is of immense significance for the formulation of equal medical security. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10991 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10991/5677

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1167 1175 Sanaz JOULAI VEIJOUYE Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Abazar YARI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Fatemeh HEIDARI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Nayereh SAJEDI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh GHOROGHI MOGHANI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maliheh NOBAKHT Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Anti-Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Hair follicle stem cells exist in different sites. Most of the hair follicle stem cells are reside in niche called bulge. Bulge region is located between the opening of sebaceous gland and the attachment site of the arrector pili muscle. Methods: Data were collected using databases and resources of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE and their references from the earliest available published to identify English observational studies on hair follicle bulge region. Results: Bulge stem cells are pluripotent with high proliferative capacity. Specific markers allow the bulge cells to be isolated from mouse or human hair follicle. Stem cells isolated from bulge region are label retaining and slow cycling hence these cells are defined as label-retaining cells. Bulge cell populations, due to their plasticity nature are able to differentiate into distinct linage and could contribute in tissue regeneration. Conclusion: The current review discuss about bulge stem cells characteristics and biology including their cycle, location, plasticity, specific markers and regenerative nature. Also the differences between mouse and human hair follicles are investigated.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10987 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10987/5673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1295 1296 Pavol BENO Dept. of Laboratory Medicine in Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 The Treated Drug Users in the Slovak Republic https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11007 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11007/5693

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1204 1210 Phuong Kim TRUONG Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam AND Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Thuan Duc LAO Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Thuy Ai Huyen LE Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered as main cause of cervical cancer. Recently, aberrant DNA methylation at tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), leading to inactivation, has also been an early epigenetic event and cofactor in cervical carcinogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate an association between the hypermethylation of p16INK4α gene’s promoter and HPV exposure in non-invasive samples (liquid-based papanicolaous samples) in Vietnamese population. Methods: 109 liquid-based papanicolaous test samples were archived and admitted from the Medic Medical Center and Au Lac Clinic Laboratory, Vietnam, from 2011–2014. Methylation-Specific-PCR (MSP) was performed to analyze methylation status from the liquid-based papanicolaous test samples identified whether HPV/or non-HPV, high-risk/low-risk HPV infection. Results: An upward trend was observed concerning the p16INK4α hypermethylation frequency in high-risk HPV infection, counting for 55.6%, and the low methylation frequency in low-risk and non-HPV infected samples, counting for 22.9%, 8.0%, respectively. The significant correlation between candidate p16INK4α hypermethylation and HPV exposure was observed (P<0.0001). Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were found in statistical significant value. (OR=5.76, 95%CI: 2.36 – 14.04, P<0.01; RR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.75–5.53, P<0.01). Conclusion: Presence of p16INK4α hypermethylation was the specific characteristic of high-risk HPV infected samples in Vietnamese population. The OR and RR values showed that the strong correlation between p16INK4α hypermethylation and high-risk HPV infection, in which increased the risk of cervical cancer. The combination of p16INK4α hypermethylation and HPV detection based biomarker could be used in non-invasive samples obtained from high-risk cancer patients, offer significant practical advantages.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10992 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10992/5678

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1176 1183 Maryam MOOSAVI Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: From old times, the human kind has used clays, externally or internally, for maintaining body health or treating some diseases. Meanwhile there are few scientific articles reviewing the beneficial effects of clays on body function. Bentonite clay is one of the available clays in nature, used as traditional habits, and remedies in many cultures. Methods: These articles explored among 2500 scientific articles published in PubMed to sort the scientific works have been done on the effects of this clay on body function (it was about 100 articles). Results: Bentonite has a broad range of action on different parts of body. Conclusion: As traditional remedies seem to have a deep root in maintaining body health, it merits doing more research works on bentonite clay and its impacts on body function.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10989 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10989/5675

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1297 1298 Seung-Won YANG College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Se-Jeong KWON College of Sport Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Korea Joon-Sung PARK Division of Wellbeing Physical Education, Silla University, Pusan, Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Nam-Il AN Division of Culture Creativity, Korea University, Sejong, Korea Young-Sub LEE Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Influence of Youth Baseball Players’ Pitches on Range of Motion and Ball Speed https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11008 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11008/5694

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1211 1216 Xiangyu CHEN Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Le FANG Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Hongbo LIN Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Peng SHEN Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Tao ZHANG Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Hui LI Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Xiaoyong LI Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Min YU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Chunxiao XU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Jie ZHANG Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Feng LU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Xiaofu DU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Ruying HU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Jieming ZHONG Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Currently, the studies on the relationship between type 2 diabetes and platelets indicators were carried out on a selective small sample population generally. Large sample studies in this area are rare, especially in Chinese population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and the mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT) and platelet distribution width (PDW). Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the routine health examination data from 20128 participants with complete baseline data in Yinzhou District 2013. The detection of indicators in this study was completed by automatic hematology analyzer. Results: The PDW and PLT were not significantly different between diabetic group and non-diabetic group, (16.00% vs. 16.00%, P=0.88, and 194*109/L vs. 196*109/L, P=0.05 respectively). The MPV was significantly higher in diabetic group (9.3fl vs. 9.2fl, P<0.05). MPV was an independent risk factor of diabetes mellitus (Unadjusted OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.11), Adjusted for age, sex OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12)). The adjusted odds ratio of diabetes rose with increasing MPV levels and were most pronounced in subjects with MPV levels exceeding the 90th percentile (MPV≥10.70 fl, Crude or=1.23 adjusted or=1.19). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the presence of diabetes with PDW and PLT. The MPV was independently associated with the presence of diabetes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10993 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10993/5679

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1299 1300 Salah ABERKANE Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Khenchela University, Khenchela, Algeria 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Perceived Health Related Quality of Life Outcomes with Silicosis Patients https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11009 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11009/5695

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1217 1222 Qinghui KONG Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Jiang GUO Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Jing ZHOU Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Yanling ZHANG Dept. of Teaching and Research, School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Xiaoyan DOU Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: We aimed to identify factors influencing the therapeutic outcome of orthokeratology on controlling juvenile myopia progression, and the risk factors for complications. Methods: Myopic patients (n=724) in Shenzhen Second Hospital from Jan 2011 to Jan 2016 fitted with orthokeratology lenses and followed-up for 6–65 months were reviewed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for the factors that can improve treatment outcome and prevent the development of complications. Results: Patients where the orthokeratology treatment was effective displayed a shorter myopia time, smaller diopter and corneal curvature, larger corneal endothelium density, high proportion of overnight wear and longer wearing times compared with patients whose treatments were ineffective. Additionally, wearing Ortho-k for 6 or 12 months yielded improved corrective effect and achieved higher comfort level. Logistic regression analyses showed that myopia time, diopter, corneal curvature e value, corneal endothelium density, time with Ortho-k and corrective effect after wearing Ortho-k for 6 or 12 months were all independent factors influencing the treatment effects. Results showed corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and central corneal thickness were independent risk factors. Conclusion: This study systematically identified the factors leading to effective treatments, and those carrying a risk for complications, to provide guidance for the prescription and follow-up of orthokeratology in the treatment of juvenile myopia.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10994 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10994/5680

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1301 1302 Mohammed ALBASHTAWY Community and Mental Health Department, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, AL al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Pediculosis in School Sitting: What Is the Role of School Nurses? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11010 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11010/5696

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1223 1230 Yinhua ZHANG Dept. of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China AND Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Qun YUAN Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Xia YI Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Honghua LIU Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Xiaoyan PAN Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Jingwei LIU Medical Insurance Bureau of Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China Yi XU Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Yang CHEN Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Guoping HE Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: China had implemented policies to limit antimicrobials prescription since 2004; we conducted this study to reflect the effect of these national policies by analyzing antimicrobial prescription trends of medical insurance in patients from 2003 to 2014 in Changsha city, China. Methods: The participants were inpatients of the medical insurance of urban workers (UEBMI). Data were extracted from medical insurance information system of Changsha Medical Insurance Institution, which directly connects with hospitals information systems. Results: Trend analysis showed great changes in antimicrobial prescription and inpatients’ cost on antimicrobials over the study period. Antimicrobial prescription rates gradually declined over the study period from 79.0% in 2003 to 43.5% in 2014 (adjusted OR0.205; 95%CI 0.198 to 0.213). There was a quicker decline from 2011 to 2014 (with implementing national antimicrobial stewardship action plan) than the period from 2003 to 2010 (with implementing antimicrobials use education and self-management strategies). The proportion of inpatients used one antimicrobial increased significantly from 25.6% in 2003 to 46.7% in 2014, while the proportion of inpatients used three or more antimicrobials gradually decreased. Bacterial culture rate increased from 20.4% in 2003 to 36.6% in 2014 (adjusted OR 2.248; 95% CI 2.149 to 2.352). The average costs on antimicrobials decreased significantly, from 277.43 US Dollar in 2003 to 91.05 US Dollar in 2014. Conclusion: National efforts to promote rational use of antimicrobials in clinical practice have had a positive effect over the past decade in China.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10995 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10995/5681

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1303 1304 Aziz KASSANI Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Abdolvahab BAGHBANIAN Health Systems and Global Populations, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Walieh MENATI Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Suicide: An Un-resolved and Under-recognized Health Problem among People of Ilam Province (The Most Popular Suicide Spot in Iran) https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11011/5697

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1231 1236 Yan YU Dept. of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Lijuan HU Dept. of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Xingu CHEN Dept. of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Mei GE Dept. of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Huijuan ZHU Dept. of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Yusheng YAN Dept. of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: We investigated the application of a predictive nursing education process on the degree of comfort and quality of life for cancer patients. Methods: A total of 168-cancer patient in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China between June 2014 and June 2016 were enrolled and admitted for surgery or radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment. Patients were randomly divided into control and observation groups, each containing 84 cases. Patients in the control group received routine cancer care, whereas the observation group received care incorporating a predictive nursing education process. Patients were assessed after admission and prior to discharge via the Kolcaba's comfort status scale (through a General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ)), quality of life scale (QOL), and Barthel Index (BI) for activities of daily living (ADL). Patient mental state was also evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Results: GCQ, QOL, and BI scores of the observation group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The predictive nursing education process could significantly improve degree of comfort and activities of daily living for cancer patients, and thus improve mental states and quality of life.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10996 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10996/5682

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1305 1306 Mohammad ZAMANI Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Cancer Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Vahid ZAMANI Vice-Chancellery for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus: An Assessment of the  Evidence https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11012 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11012/5698

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1237 1246 Alimohamad ASGHARI ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Skull Base Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad FARHADI ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad DANESHI ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi KHABAZKHOOB Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saman MOHAZZAB-TORABI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Maryam JALESSI Skull Base Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hesamedin EMAMJOMEH ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment (HI) by age and gender in a population aged 5 yr and older residing in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 clusters each including 10 households from Tehran, Iran were sampled between 2012 and 2013 using cluster random sampling. Trained audiologists examined the participants during face-to-face interviews. The hearing of the participants was evaluated before the removal of wax or other foreign bodies. In this study, HI was categorized as mild (grade 1, 26-40 db), moderate (grade 2, 41-60 db), severe (grade 3, 61-80 db), and deaf (grade 5, 81 db or more). All participants signed informed consent forms. The SATA software was used for data analysis. Results: Of 6521 individuals, 4370 (67%) were interviewed. The prevalence of HI (auditory threshold of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 KHz and more than 25 db in the better ear) was 14.27 (11.53-17.91) of whom 9.52 (7.07-11.98) had grade 1, 4.04 (3.02-5.06) had grade 2, 0.67 (0.33-1.02) had grade 3 HI and 0.48 (0.16-0.8) were deaf. About 5.19% of the participants had disabling hearing impairment. All HI grades increased significantly with age but no significant difference was observed between men and women. Conclusion: The considerable prevalence of HI in Iran in comparison with other developing countries, withearch Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Habibollah FARAJI Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2019 10 10 2020 03 03 Background: Classroom is where children spend much of their time in; this study aimed to identify the concentration of heavy metals in the classroom dust based on the results of various studies in the world using the published data up to years 2018. Methods: Fifteen studies were selected for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean concentration of 11 heavy metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc was extracted. Results: The highest mean concentration of heavy metal (mg/kg) in classroom dust was related to iron (3904.7, 95%CI: 3657.1-8154.3), zinc (429.9, 95%CI: 182.8-677.1) and barium (419.2, 95%CI: 274.7-253.7), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the maximum concentration (mg/kg) of iron in Iran (16945.5), zinc in Hong Kong (2293.5), barium in China (979.8), manganese in Iran (288.9), lead in Iran (258.8), chromium in Ghana (381.3), copper in Hong Kong (274.4), nickel in Iran (50.1), cobalt in China(43.4), arsenic in China(13.7) and cadmium in Hong Kong(8.7). Conclusion: Even safe and healthy classrooms can threaten children’s health by heavy metals. These metals are important since they are naturally found throughout the earth’s crust, accumulate in the food chain and contaminate drinking water as well as alloys in school equipment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18613 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18613/7065

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2431 2432 Hossein MOLAVI VARDANJANI Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Kamran BAGHERI LANKARANI Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Amir Hossein HASSANI MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2020 05 05 2020 05 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20695 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20695/7084

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2392 2399 EN Sun Mi SHIN Department of Nursing, Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Korea 2019 05 17 2019 08 25 Background: Interests between pain and frailty have been increasing in aging or aged societies. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of pain and frailty and to find the influence of pain on frailty. Methods: Subjects were selected with aged 65 yr or older among pooled Korea Health Panel data from 2009 to 2013. The prevalence of pain was determined by combining some pain and extreme pain and also, frailty was defined when subjects had at least one of the following 6-domain frailty: physical inactivity, mobility reduction, dependence of daily life, depression, multimorbidity, and disability. Results: The prevalence of pain and frailty was 56.1% and 59.8%. It was significantly higher in female (66.1% and 65.2%) and the oldest-old (69.4% and 71.8%). After adjusting for gender, age group, spouse, illiteracy, and economic activity, odds ratios of frailty for some pain and extreme pain were 2.8 (95% CI 2.6-3.0) and 10.5 (95% CI 8.0-13.8) in total subjects. The odds ratios of each 6-domain frailty for some and extreme pain were also significant. Among them, mobility reduction was 5.1 (95% CI 4.5-5.8) and 16.5 (95% CI 13.6-20.1), and dependence of daily life was 3.9 (95% CI 3.5-4.5) and 12.4 (95% CI 10.2-15.1). Conclusion: Among the elderly, prevalence of frailty (59.8%) was somewhat higher than that of pain (56.1%). Female and oldest-old had higher prevalence of pain and frailty. In addition, some pain and extreme pain had a decisive influence on frailty and each 6-domain frailty. Therefore, pain control is essential to prevent or manage frailty. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17200 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17200/7076

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2295 2307 Khorshid MOBASSERI Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Saber AZAMI-AGHDASH Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Ahmad KHANIJAHANI Department of Health Administration and Public Health, John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Rahim KHODAYARI-ZARNAQ Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2020 10 18 2020 11 07 Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) severely affects those above the age of 60 yr and those with other conditions. This study aimed to review the available evidence on older adult's issues in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The framework is based on scoping review of literature published from Jan 10 to Jul 31, 2020. Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and other sources of information, to identify grey literature, were selected for data collection. Two researchers independently screened all studies and extracted data. All types of studies published about SARS-CoV-2 and related to older adults’ issues were eligible. Results: Overall, 210 documents were included in the final analysis. Letter to the editor was the most frequent article format (20.95%). Most of the papers were from the United States (38.09%) and published in Jun 2020 (29.52%). After content analysis, six following themes were extracted: Supporting and information sources, e-health services, access to essential supplies, Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), physical and mental consequences of self-isolation, neglect of older adults, ageism and age discrimination. Conclusion: In the pandemic, there is an urgent need for interventional research and innovational implementations to address issues related to providing services for older adults. This can help older adults to maintain their physical and mental health, and reduce the spread of infection in nursing homes. Further studies focusing on the rights of the older adults are needed on all issues associated with COVID-19. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22545 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22545/7066

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2433 2434 Mojtaba SAADATI Department of Biology, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Hamid CHEGNI Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Dalir GHAFFARI Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Zuhair MOHAMMAD HASSAN Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 28 2020 05 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20575 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20575/7086

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2400 2408 MunHee KIM Department of Health Science, Korea National Sport University, Seoul 05541, Republic of Korea 2020 10 24 2020 11 29 Background: Weight control is crucial for osteoarthritis management. This study investigated weight control methods in postmenopausal Korean osteoarthritis patients and examined their correlation with subjective health status and figure recognition, obesity, quality of life (QoL), and hemodynamic variables. Methods: One thousand six hundred and seventy-eight female postmenopausal osteoarthritis patients participated in the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A frequency analysis was conducted for weight control methods, and phi coefficients for crossover analyses or Cramer’s V coefficient were calculated to identify the relationships between weight-control-related variables and subjective health status and QoL. Using independent t-tests, we examined the relationships of weight control methods with hemodynamic variables. Results: Postmenopausal osteoarthritis patients’ preferred weight control methods were exercise, meal volume reduction, functional diet consumption, and the skipping of meals. Osteoarthritis patients who performed exercise demonstrated improved subjective figure recognition and health status, body weight, and recent 2-week discomfort, QoL, and hemodynamic variables (systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] levels). However, patients who attempted weight control by food volume reduction made relatively harder efforts to lose weight but were more likely to view themselves as obese, and demonstrated higher pain levels, anxiety/depression, and recent 2-week discomfort. Further, they exhibited lower triglyceride levels, as did patients who skipped meals. Conclusion: Overall, Korean postmenopausal osteoarthritis patients’ preferred weight control methods were exercise and reduced food intake. Although reduced food intake was effective for weight control, exercise improved mental health and hemodynamics, particularly inflammation (hs-CRP) levels.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22634 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22634/7077

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2308 2319 EN Omid MOZAFARI Health Management & Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Aioub SOFIZADEH Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Hamid Reza SHORAKA Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran 2019 10 14 2019 12 09 Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. In this study, we summarize the results of studies on the disease and its causative agent Leishmania in humans, vectors and reservoirs in the Golestan Province, Iran. Methods: We retrieved all articles related to leishmaniasis in the Golestan Province, northern Iran from 1994 to 2018 in various databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Articles in Persian were retrieved from the IranMedex, SID and Magiran. Reference lists of relevant articles were also hand-searched. Local active researchers in the field of leishmaniasis were contacted to avoid missing any relevant articles. Overall, 54 papers were extracted, later evaluated by two research team members based on inclusion criteria. All analyses were performed using the Stata 14 software. Pooled prevalence was calculated using the metaprop command and a random-effect model. The I² statistic was used for measuring heterogeneity of studies. Results: Ten articles in the province were related to detection of Leishmania species in patients with suspected cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. Fifteen articles were dedicated to identification of Leishmania species in disease reservoirs and five articles were about detection of the parasite in sand flies. The pooled prevalence of L. major in patients with acute ulcer, wild rodents and sandflies was 83%, 29% and 11%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for implementation of control measures among the reservoirs of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the Golestan Province, Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18650 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18650/7067

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2435 2437 EN Aliehsan HEIDARI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Mahsa HEZAROSI Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Ensieh NASSERKHAIL Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Monireh SEZAVAR Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Hossein KESHAVARZ Departmen