Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1184 1192 Yeong Seon HONG Health and Welfare Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dong-Kyu LEE Dept. of Biological Sciences, School of Health & Environment, Kosin University, Wachi-ro Yeongdo-gu Busan, Republic of Korea Jin-Han YOON Korea Health Project Evaluation Research Institute, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Aeree SOHN Dept. of Health Management, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: The aim of this study was to provide evidence for developing intervention and effective management for the prevention of malaria based on epidemiological analysis and assessment of Korean soldiers’ knowledge on malaria and malaria preventive behavior. Methods: The data were collected from 294 Korean soldiers nearby the demilitarized zone in Gyeonggi Province in 2016. Multiple regression analyses were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The level of education (β=.24, P<.001), educational experience on malaria (β=.21, P<.001) and ranks like corporal (β=.13, P<.05), and sergeant (β=.13, P<.05) were observed to be associated with the level of knowledge of malaria (F=9.62, =.12, P<.001). Knowledge of malaria (β=.25, P<.001) and malaria education experience (β=.22, P<.001) were the factors that influenced malaria prevention behavior and practice (F=12.45, =.18, P<.001). Conclusion: The level of knowledge and education experience was associated with malaria prevention practice. Therefore, malaria education is very important for the soldiers in nearby DMZ for prevention of malaria. The findings provide implications for the development of intervention programs focusing on increasing the levels of knowledge and practices related to malaria.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10990 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10990/5676

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1156 1166 Jafar Sadegh TABRIZI Health Services Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Faramarz POURASGHAR Road Traffic Injury Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Informatics, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Raana GHOLAMZADEH NIKJOO Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: After the establishment of Primary Health Care (PHC) program in Iran, health indicators have improved every year. This progress was so rapid that a number of shortcomings and weaknesses of the PHC program remained silent behind its successes. This study aimed to assess the status of Iran’s PHC system (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) in terms of health system’s control knobs. Methods: The search was conducted through two English `databases of Web of Knowledge and PubMed, two English publications of Science Direct and Springer and two Persian databases of Magiran and SID. Keywords were selected from MeSH and included primary health care, PHC and Iran in both Persian and English. No time limit was considered. Results: Iran's PHC system has numerous successes in dealing with health system’s control knobs; which largely part of that related to the health network implementation, the role of Behvarz, improvement of health indicators in rural areas and the elimination of urban-rural inequality, but there are some weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Iranian PHC system as well. Conclusion: By considering socio-economic changes the current structure of PHC system needs to be reformed to coordinate with phenomenon of chronic diseases, accidents and aging. The current information system in PHC does not provide the required information for decision makers and policy makers so it needs to be transformed to the electronic system with unique electronic health file for individuals.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10986 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10986/5672

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1292 1294 Eun-Ju CHOI Division of Sport Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Taikyeong Ted. JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Effects of the CrossFit Exercise Data Analysis on Body  Composition and Blood Profiles https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11003 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11003/5689

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1193 1203 Liubao GU Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China Huihui FENG Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China Jian JIN JIN Dept. of Statistics, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Population aging has become increasingly serious in China. The demand for medical insurance of the elderly is increasing, and their health status and life satisfaction are becoming significant issues. This study investigates the effects of medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Methods: The national baseline survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2013 were adopted. The Ordered Probit Model was established. The effects of the medical insurance for urban employees, medical insurance for urban residents, and new rural cooperative medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly were investigated. Results: Medical insurance could facilitate the improvement of the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Accordingly, the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly who have medical insurance for urban residents improved significantly. The regression coefficients were 0.348 and 0.307. The corresponding regression coefficients of the medical insurance for urban employees were 0.189 and 0.236. The regression coefficients of the new rural cooperative medical insurance were 0.170 and 0.188. Conclusion: Medical insurance can significantly improve the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. This development is of immense significance for the formulation of equal medical security. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10991 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10991/5677

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1167 1175 Sanaz JOULAI VEIJOUYE Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Abazar YARI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Fatemeh HEIDARI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Nayereh SAJEDI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh GHOROGHI MOGHANI Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maliheh NOBAKHT Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Anti-Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Hair follicle stem cells exist in different sites. Most of the hair follicle stem cells are reside in niche called bulge. Bulge region is located between the opening of sebaceous gland and the attachment site of the arrector pili muscle. Methods: Data were collected using databases and resources of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE and their references from the earliest available published to identify English observational studies on hair follicle bulge region. Results: Bulge stem cells are pluripotent with high proliferative capacity. Specific markers allow the bulge cells to be isolated from mouse or human hair follicle. Stem cells isolated from bulge region are label retaining and slow cycling hence these cells are defined as label-retaining cells. Bulge cell populations, due to their plasticity nature are able to differentiate into distinct linage and could contribute in tissue regeneration. Conclusion: The current review discuss about bulge stem cells characteristics and biology including their cycle, location, plasticity, specific markers and regenerative nature. Also the differences between mouse and human hair follicles are investigated.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10987 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10987/5673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1295 1296 Pavol BENO Dept. of Laboratory Medicine in Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 The Treated Drug Users in the Slovak Republic https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11007 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11007/5693

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1204 1210 Phuong Kim TRUONG Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam AND Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Thuan Duc LAO Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Thuy Ai Huyen LE Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered as main cause of cervical cancer. Recently, aberrant DNA methylation at tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), leading to inactivation, has also been an early epigenetic event and cofactor in cervical carcinogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate an association between the hypermethylation of p16INK4α gene’s promoter and HPV exposure in non-invasive samples (liquid-based papanicolaous samples) in Vietnamese population. Methods: 109 liquid-based papanicolaous test samples were archived and admitted from the Medic Medical Center and Au Lac Clinic Laboratory, Vietnam, from 2011–2014. Methylation-Specific-PCR (MSP) was performed to analyze methylation status from the liquid-based papanicolaous test samples identified whether HPV/or non-HPV, high-risk/low-risk HPV infection. Results: An upward trend was observed concerning the p16INK4α hypermethylation frequency in high-risk HPV infection, counting for 55.6%, and the low methylation frequency in low-risk and non-HPV infected samples, counting for 22.9%, 8.0%, respectively. The significant correlation between candidate p16INK4α hypermethylation and HPV exposure was observed (P<0.0001). Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were found in statistical significant value. (OR=5.76, 95%CI: 2.36 – 14.04, P<0.01; RR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.75–5.53, P<0.01). Conclusion: Presence of p16INK4α hypermethylation was the specific characteristic of high-risk HPV infected samples in Vietnamese population. The OR and RR values showed that the strong correlation between p16INK4α hypermethylation and high-risk HPV infection, in which increased the risk of cervical cancer. The combination of p16INK4α hypermethylation and HPV detection based biomarker could be used in non-invasive samples obtained from high-risk cancer patients, offer significant practical advantages.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10992 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10992/5678

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1176 1183 Maryam MOOSAVI Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: From old times, the human kind has used clays, externally or internally, for maintaining body health or treating some diseases. Meanwhile there are few scientific articles reviewing the beneficial effects of clays on body function. Bentonite clay is one of the available clays in nature, used as traditional habits, and remedies in many cultures. Methods: These articles explored among 2500 scientific articles published in PubMed to sort the scientific works have been done on the effects of this clay on body function (it was about 100 articles). Results: Bentonite has a broad range of action on different parts of body. Conclusion: As traditional remedies seem to have a deep root in maintaining body health, it merits doing more research works on bentonite clay and its impacts on body function.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10989 https://iPubDate PubStatus="received"> 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Life Skills Education for Malaysian Institutionalised Adoles-cents: Knowledge, Needs and Priorities: A Qualitative Pilot Study https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11775/5856

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1646 1651 Lin WU Dept. of MRI, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China Li ZHANG Dept. of Cardiology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-quality nursing on improvement of anxiety and depression of patients with acute stroke in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Methods: A total of 120 patients diagnosed as acute stroke for the first time were enrolled in Liaocheng People’s Hospital from 2016-2017 and randomly divided into control group (n=60) and observation group (n=60). All patients received cerebral MRI examination at 6h and 24h after admission and before discharge. The control group was treated with routine nursing, while the observation group was treated with high-quality nursing, and the specific nursing measures included the establishment of high-quality nursing group, full evaluation of the severity of disease, timely solving of difficulties in MRI examination, understanding of the patient's anxiety and depression, establishment of personal information files before discharge, etc. The completion rate and average duration of examination, the improvement of anxiety and depression and the nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: In observation group, the completion rate of MRI examination was significantly increased (P=0.035), the average duration was shortened (P=0.011), the anxiety and depression scores (self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS)) were improved obviously (P=0.006 and 0.009), and the nursing satisfaction score and rate was increased (P=0.000 and 0.027); the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: High-quality nursing can significantly improve the anxiety and depression of patients with acute stroke in MRI examination, which has a better application value in increasing the completion rate of examination, shortening the duration of examination and improving the nursing satisfaction.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11760 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11760/5844

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1742 1743 Masoomeh DADPAY Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein GHAYOUMI ZADEH Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran Mostafa DANAEIAN Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran Farshad NAMDARI Dept. of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bijan REZAKHANIHA Dept. of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Evaluation of Thermal Imaging System of the Scrotum in  Patients with Varicocele https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11776 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11776/5857

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1652 1658 Nazanin ABOLHASSANI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali AKBARI SARI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoor RASTEGARPANAH Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Background: The recognition of patient safety is now occupying a prominent place on the health policy agenda since medical errors can result in adverse events. The existence of confusing drug names is one of the most common causes of medication errors. In Iran, the General Office of Trademarks Registry (GOTR), for four years (2010-2014) was responsible for approving drug proprietary names. This study aimed to investigate the performance of the GOTR in terms of drug names orthographic similarity using the SOLAR model. Methods: First, 100 names were randomly selected from the GOTR’s database. Then, each name was searched through pharmaceutical websites including Martindale (the Complete Drug Reference published by Pharmaceutical Press), Drugs.com and Medicines Complete. Pair of drugs whose names look orthographically similar with different indications were identified. Then, the SOLAR model was utilized to determine orthographic similarity between all pair of drug names. Results: The mean of match values of these 100 pairs of drug was 77% indicating the high risk of similarity. The match value for most of the reviewed pairs (92%) was high (≥66%). This value was medium (≥ 33% and <66%) just for 8% of the pairs of drug. These results indicate high risk of confusion due to similarity of drug names. Conclusion: The stewardship of the GOTR in patient safety considerations is fundamentally problematic. Thus, as a best practice, we recommend that proprietary names of drugs be evaluated by an entity within the health system. While an entity within the health system should address patient safety considerations, the GOTR is responsible for intellectual property rights.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11761 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11761/5845

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1744 1745 Cristiana Lucretia POP Dept. of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Agrifood and Environmental Economics, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Association between Body Mass Index and Self Body Image  Perception   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11777 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11777/5858

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1659 1668 Yujia REN Physical Education Institute, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China Jiao YANG School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China Liqiong LIU Xiangtan Vocational Technical College, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411005, China 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Background: At present, the mental health of rural left-behind children is a major social problem in China. Internet addiction, social anxiety, and loneliness are common psychological and behavioral problems among rural left-behind children, but the relationships among these issues have not been clearly identified. Methods: A total of 432 junior year 1 to senior year 3 students were randomly selected from 2 rural middle schools in Hunan Province of China as the research subjects. The Internet Addiction Disorder Diagnostic Scale, Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SASS-CS), and University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale were employed to measure the degree of Internet addiction, feelings of social fear, social avoidance behavior, and the level of loneliness among the research subjects. Results: The rate of Internet addiction among rural left-behind middle school students was 18.27%, and was correlated with the length of time their parents spent at home as well as whether one or both parents migrated for work. Positive correlations were found among Internet addiction, social anxiety, and loneliness. Loneliness was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and Internet addiction among rural left-behind middle school students. Conclusion: Social anxiety and loneliness both increase the likelihood of Internet addiction in rural left-behind middle school students and social anxiety can affect Internet addiction through loneliness, implying an urgent need to strengthen care for rural left-behind children, reduce their loneliness, and thereby effectively alleviate the problem of Internet addiction among rural left-behind middle school students.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11763 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11763/5846

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1746 1747 Azam BAZOOBAND Dept. of Management, Babol Branch, Payame Noor University, Babol, Iran Abdolvahab BAGHBANIAN Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Ghazal TORKFAR Menzies Center for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 A Case Study of the Relationship between Basic Psychological Needs and General Health among Old People https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11778 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11778/5859

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1669 1678 Ahmad Yahya AL-SAGARAT Dept. of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan Mahmoud Taher AL KALALDEH Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Background: Adolescence is a developmental stage associated with many behavioural fluctuations and health risks behaviours. In this study, various health risk behaviours among Government school students in Jordan were assessed. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited 1256 students from 20 secondary schools all over the country. Students completed the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS, 2009-2012). The study was conducted in the period between Feb 2016 and Aug 2016. Chi-square (x2) was used to examine differences among the demographic variables. Results: Students scored low in eating breakfast, eating fruit, vegetables, and milk products. However, students scored moderately in hand and mouth hygiene. Students showed minimal incidences of physical attack and physical fight. Although suicidal attempts were not significantly reported, complaining from worries, feeling of sadness and hopelessness were moderately scored. The majority of physical activities were reported from walking or riding bicycles. However, three hours per day was the average of time spent on sitting activities. Students scored lowest in school absenteeism and the majority described their classmates as kind and helpful. Parental control on students' home activities was regarded. Conclusion: In comparison with 2004 and 2007 statistics, students revealed improvements in physical activity, and reduced physical attacks and injuries. Future researchers are encouraged to discover factors associated with these changes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11764 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11764/5847

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1748 1749 Hamed EBRAHIMZADEH LEYLABADLO Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Shirin SHAHSAVARI Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Amir MOHAMMADZADEH Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hossein BANNAZADEH BAGHI Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept. of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 An Unlikely Aid: Fighting HIV through TV https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11779 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11779/5860

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1679 1689 Yanli WAN Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Hongpu HU Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Yanli XU Medical College of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, China Quan CHEN Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Yan WANG Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Dongping GAO Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China 2017 11 29 2017 11 29   Background: Compared to the rigid image registration task, the non-rigid image registration task faces much more challenges due to its high degree of freedom and inherent requirement of smoothness in the deformation field. The purpose was to propose an efficient coarse-to-fine non-rigid medical image registration algorithm based on a multi-level deformable model. Methods: In this paper, a robust and efficient coarse-to-fine non-rigid medical image registration algorithm is proposed. It contains three level deformation models, i.e., the global homography model, the local mesh-level homography model, and the local B-spline FFD (Free-Form Deformation) model. The coarse registration is achieved by the first two level models. In the global homography model, a robust algorithm for simultaneous outliers (error matched feature points) removal and model estimation is applied. In the local mesh-level homography model, a new similarity measure is proposed to improve the robustness and accuracy of local mesh based registration. In the fine registration, a local B-spline FFD model with normalized mutual information gradient is employed. Results: We verified the effectiveness of each stage of the proposed registration algorithm with many non-rigid transformation image pairs, and quantitatively compared our proposed registration algorithm with the HBFFD method which is based on the control points of multi-resolution. The experimental results show that our algorithm is more accurate than the hierarchical local B-spline FFD method. Conclusion: Our algorithm can achieve high precision registration by coarse-to-fine process based on multi-level deformable model, which ourperforms the state-of-the-art methods.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11765 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11765/5848

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1750 1751 Mahin GHAFARI Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Mahdi MOHAMMADIAN Dept. of Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Ali Asghar VALIPOUR Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran Abdollah MOHAMMADIAN-HAFSHEJANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 The Future Prospects of Testis Cancer in the World https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11780 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11780/5861

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 12 2017 11 29 1690 1696 Ahmad TAVAKOLI Dept. of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhad REZAEI Dept. of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gazal Sadat FATEMI NASAB Dept. of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh ADJAMINEZHAD-FARD Dept. of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra NOROOZBABAEI Dept. of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat MOKHTARI-AZAD Dept. of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 29 2017 11 29 Background: The most common serological assay to measure anti-influenza antibodies is hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Recently, neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus infection or vaccination can also be detected using microneutralization assays and occasionally, have greater sensitivity than the standard HI assays. The study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA-basedces, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17   Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of medication discrepancies and its related factors using medication reconciliation method in patients admitted to the emergency department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 adult patients with at least one chronic disease that used two regular prescription medications were included in 2015. After 24 h of admission, demographic data and patient's home medications were collected. Medication discrepancies were assessed through comparison of a best possible medication history list with the physician's orders. Results: Out of 200 patients (mean age, 61.5 yr; 86 males, 114 women), 77.5% of patients had one or more medication discrepancies. The most common discrepancies were medication omission (35.49%), change (14.22%) and substitution (10.97%), respectively. The relationship between number of comorbid conditions (P=0.025), regular home medications (P=<0.001), high-risk medications (P=0.032), medications pharmacological classes (P=<0.001) and medication discrepancies were statistically significant. Cardiovascular drugs compared to other medications classes showed the highest discrepancies (36.2%). Multiple logistic regression showed that the drug groups, including anti-infective for systemic use (OR=8.43; 95%CI 2.5-28.2; P=0.001), Antineoplastic and Immuno-modulator Agents (OR=0.49; 95%CI 0.27-0.87; P=0.016), Blood and Blood-Forming Organs (OR=0.33; 95%CI 0.21-0.52; P<0.001), Muscular-Skeletal System (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.13-5.1; P=0.022), Nervous-System (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.7-4.4; P<0.001), Respiratory-System (OR=0.38; 95%CI 0.22-0.67; P=0.001) were associated with the drug discrepancy. Conclusion: A medication discrepancy occurs commonly at hospital emergency department. Understanding the type and frequency of discrepancies with using structured medication reconciliation process can help clinicians to prevent them.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10608 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10608/5255

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1095 1103 Nahid RAMEZAN GHORBANI Dept. of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Yousef FAKOUR Deputy for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali NOJOUMI Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Researchers and academic institutions need assessment and rating to measure their performance. The criteria are designed to evaluate quality and adequacy of research and welcome by most universities as an international process to increase monitoring academic achievements. The study aimed to evaluate the increasing trend in global ranking of Iranian medical universities websites emphasizing on comparative approach. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving websites of Iranian medical universities. Sampling was conducted by census selecting universities affiliated to the Ministry of Health in webometrics rating system. Web sites of Iranian medical universities were investigated based on the webometrics indicators, global ranking as well as the process of changing their rating. Universities of medical sciences were associated with improved ratings in seven periods from Jan 2012 until Jan 2015. Results: The highest rank was in Jan 2014. Tehran University of Medical Sciences ranked the first in all periods. The highest ratings were about impact factor in universities of medical sciences reflecting the low level of this index in university websites. The least ranking was observed in type 1 universities. Conclusion: Despite the criticisms and weaknesses of these webometrics criteria, they are critical to this equation and should be checked for authenticity and suitability of goals. Therefore, localizing these criteria by the advantages model, ranking systems features, continuous development and medical universities evaluation based on these indicators provide new opportunities for the development of the country especially through online media.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10609 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10609/5256

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1104 1109 Ziba MAJIDI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahmoud DJALALI Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hasan JAVANBAKHT Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba FATHI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahnaz ZAREI Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh FOLADSAZ Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers in the world and that use to lifestyle, increasing chemical pollutions, environmental factors and poor nutrition. The most important cause of this cancer is oxidative stress and free radicals so antioxidant activities for the body are so important. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of zinc and (Malondialdehyde) MDA in BCC patients. Methods: This study has been performed on case and control patients from 2013 to 2014. The samples were collected from cell carcinoma patients at Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated the level of zinc with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Besides, we evaluated MDA with colorimetric assay. Results: The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in case group in comparison to control group (P=0.001). In addition, case group had lower concentration of zinc than the control group (P=0.000). There was no correlation between MDA and body mass index (BMI) and between zinc and BMI. Conclusion: All the patients with BCC showed a significant MDA serum in comparison with control group. However, significant decrease in zinc serum of the patients was seen that is because of consuming zinc during oxidative stress process so topical use of zinc in the form of 2+ ions could be effective on antioxidant protection against the sun UV radiation.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10610 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10610/5257

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1110 1117 Alireza BARFI QASRDASHTI Dept. of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mina Seied HABASHI Dept. of Endodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Peyman ARASTEH Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran AND MPH Dept., Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mahshid TORABI ARDAKANI Biomaterial Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra ABDOLI Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Sajjad EGHBALI Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: We evaluated factors that affect malignant transformation of leukoplakia in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: The records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia during a 20-year period from 1989-2009 referred to two of the largest referral centers in southern Iran were studied. Patients that developed malignant transformation were compared with patients that did not have malignant changes. Results: Of 522 patients, female patients, those over 50 yr old and with lesions located on the tongue had the highest rate of malignant changes. Female patients with malignant changes were mostly non-smokers (76.4%), while male patients with malignant changes were mostly smokers (63.8% in non-smokers) (P<0.001). In our univariate analysis, male sex and smoking showed lower chances for malignant transformation (OR: 0.57; CI=0.397-0.822 and OR: 0.025; CI=0.141-0.299, respectively), while age above 50 was a risk factor for malignant transformation (OR: 3.57; CI=2.32-5.42). In the multivariate analysis, smoking (OR: 0.317; 95% CI=0.16–0.626) and morphological presentation as erythroplakia (OR: 0.025; 95% CI=0.005-0.131) had low chances for developing malignant changes, while site of lesion on the tongue (OR: 774; 95% CI=60-9838) and morphological presentation as erythroleukoplakia (OR: 6.26; 95% CI=3.16-12.38) were a risk factor for developing malignant changes Conclusion: A follow-up program and further work-up should be considered for Iranian patients who have a leukoplakia lesion that is flat and are white patch or plaques with red components, in addition for patients who have lesions located on the tongue and for nonsmokers who develops leukoplakia lesions.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10611 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10611/5258

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1118 1122 Shadi SHAHROKHI Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran Fatemeh NOORBAKHSH Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran Sassan REZAIE Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: The opportunistic fungi, particularly Candida glabrata has been known as main etiologic agents of life-threating infections in some patients. Although fluconazole is the most effective antifungal agent against candidiasis, C. glabrata, fluconazole-resistant strains have been increased recently overexpression or mutations of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family membrane proteins such as; Cg CDR1, Cg CDR2 are responsible for fluconazole resistance in a large proportion of candidiasis cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate CDR1 gene expression level as one of main mechanism involved in this resistance using. Methods: Candida glabrata strains were collected from various clinical samples in hospitals of Tehran in 2015 . After validation of all isolates by conventional and molecular methods, the susceptibility analysis to fluconazole of all isolates was performed using CLSI broth microdilution M27-A3 and M27-S4 protocols. Two isolates have been selected based on difference in susceptibility and CDR1-mRNA expression level of isolates was measured by Real-time PCR method. Results: Susceptibility results revealed that 32%, 64% and 4% of strains were susceptible, dose-dependent (DD) and resistant to fluconazole respectively. Furthermore, resistance strain of C. glabrata (MIC≥64 µg/ml) showed overexpression of CDR1 compared with sensitive strain in Real-time PCR analysis. Conclusion: Thus, it is necessary to investigate the functions of CgCDR1 genes as a transporter-related gene.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10612 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10612/5259

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1123 1131 Ghodratollah ROSHANAEI Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Masoud SABOURI GHANNAD Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Jalal POOROLAJAL Research Center for Health Sciences, Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Minoo MOHRAZ Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila MOLAEIPOOR Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: The number of deaths related with co-infection of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV remains inappropriately high worldwide. TB is anticipated to be the major reason of HIV-related deaths globally. This study aimed to find out and evaluate the characteristics of the possible risk factors influencing the survival time of co-infected patients with HIV/TB in Tehran the capital of Iran. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on the referred patients to the one of two Behavioral Diseases Coun­seling Centers, Imam Khomeini, and Zamzam Centers, Tehran, Iran, in 2004-2013. Data were analyzed by Cox PH model utilizing SPSS16 statistical software. Results: Multivariate analysis confirmed that the age at diagnosis (P=0.014), gender (P=0.002), sexual transmission (P=0.01), cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (P<0.001), and onset to TB after post-HIV diagnosis (P=0.01) were the parameters which had significant effects on the death of HIV/TBco-infected patients. Conclusion: The results, recommend interplay between different risk factors and the risk of death in co-infected patients with HIV/TB. We presented the barriers to higher-level organizational and functional integration for commitment to interfere with the modifiable risk factors, which effect on the mortality of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10614 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10614/5260

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085