Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 899 905 Hui SUN Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Hongyu LIU Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Jingbo LI Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Xiaochun WANG Dept. of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: To investigate the interventional efficacy and clinical significance of graded psychological nursing care for patients who have undergone cardiothoracic surgery by providing graded psychological nursing care for these patients according to the results of their psychological evaluation. Methods: In this interventional study, 110 patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery between 2014 and 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, were enrolled. We divided them into two groups of 55 patients each, namely, a control group and a treatment group. For patients in the control group, we applied regular psychological nursing care; those in the treatment group were further divided into three different psychological grades after being assessed using Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); patients at each grade were treated by graded psychological nursing care in addition to regular psychological nursing care. Results: Significant decreases, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01), were observed in the SCL-90 and PSQI scores of patients in the treatment group as compared with the control group. Patients in the treatment group, who underwent graded psychological nursing care according to their varying psychological conditions, showed better improvement in their post-surgery emotional state and sleep quality than those in the control group, thus indicating the great significance of graded psychological nursing care in clinical practices. Conclusion: Applying graded psychological nursing care in post-operation cardiothoracic patients improved nursing care efficiency and alleviated patients’ negative feelings. Therefore, this type of nursing care should be further promoted and utilized in clinical practice for effective rehabilitation of patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10387/5791

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 869 876 Min MU Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Li-Fa XU Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Dong HU, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Jing WU Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Ming-Jie BAI Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Dietary patterns analysis may provide insights into the influence of overall diet on overweight/obesity. In the past two decades, the relation between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity has been a research focus and a number of results were reported in the research field. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, to identify human studies published by Mar 2015 and written in English. The following keywords or phrases were involved: dietary patterns, dietary pattern, factor analysis, principal component analysis, diet, obesity, adiposity, overweight and BMI. All the studies were retrieved and prudent/healthy (n=17) and western/unhealthy (n=18) dietary patterns were identified. Results: When compared with the lowest categories of a prudent/healthy dietary pattern, a reduced overweight/obesity risk was shown in the highest (OR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.78; P<0.0001). While there was an increased overweight/obesity risk in the highest when compared with the lowest categories of a western/unhealthy dietary pattern (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.45, 1.87; P<0.0001). Conclusion: A prudent/healthy dietary pattern and limit intake of western/unhealthy dietary pattern should be followed, which helps to keep a healthy body mass. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10383 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10383/5786

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 985 988 Sayed Aladdin ASGARI Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Sadeq ROSTAMI Dept. of Urology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Mojtaba TEIMOORI Dept. of Urology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Priapism is well-defined by persistent, painful penile erection which happens without sexual stimulation. Currently, the hirudotherapy is practiced to treat venous congestion and subsequent compartment syndrome. Here we will report a case of a male with priapism treated by leeches. The case was a 26 yr old young single male referred to the Razi Hospital Emergency Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran due to long-time spontaneous erections. The patient had no history of mental disorders, trauma or sickle cell anemia. we insert two leeches in each side of penile shaft for two hours, after a one hour break we insert do in same manner for another cycle. At follow-up two days later he had significantly decreased pain, though still had cavernosal swelling and tenderness to palpation. The patient was subsequently discharged after three days of admission. The pain and perineal swelling completely resolved over the course of one month. In this case, chronology indicates that leech therapy was possibly treatment option for priapism. This procedure seems to be non-invasive treatment strategy worth to discussing in such patients.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10404 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10404/5802

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 989 991 Eun-Ju CHOI Division of Sports Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Korea Taikyeong Ted. JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Effects of Workout and Meditation Phenomenon Program on Body Composition, Flexibility, and Blood Pressure Data Analysis https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10405 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10405/5803

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 906 916 Lucian MURESAN Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Ana PETCU Rheumatology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Crina MURESAN Dept. of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Mirela RINZIS Rheumatology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Gabriel GUSETU Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Dana POP Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Dumitru ZDRENGHEA Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Simona REDNIC Rheumatology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: In patients with systemic sclerosis, NT-proBNP is a useful diagnostic marker for pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction, with important prognostic significance. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the NT-proBNP levels and the presence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with scleroderma. Methods: Forty consecutive patients with a diagnostic of systemic sclerosis according to the EULAR criteria admitted at the Rheumatology Clinic of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, from Jan 2014 to Apr 2014 were enrolled. Patients underwent a 12-lead ECG and a 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring for ventricular arrhythmias evaluation. Blood sample testing (including NT-proBNP level measurements), echocardiography, spirometry, chest X-ray and, when considered appropriate, high-resolution chest CT were performed. Results: Sixty percent of patients (n=24) had abnormal NT-proBNP serum levels (>125 pg/ml) and 10 patients had >100 PVC /24 h. There was a statistically significant correlation between the NT-proBNP levels and the total number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) (r=0.445, P=0.006), total number of isolated PVC (r=0,493, P=0.002), total number of ventricular couplets (r=0.379, P=0.021) and the number of PVC morphologies (r=0.501, P=0.002). The presence of an NT-proBNP serum level >287 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 93% in predicting the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias on 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. Conclusion: NT-proBNP levels could become a useful ventricular arrhythmia marker for assessing the arrhythmic risk in patients with systemic sclerosis.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10388/5792

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 877 881 Mahdi ALIZADEH Dept. of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim KHADEM Dept. of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jale ALIASL Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25   Background: In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) stomach is the important organ in the body. Its disorders can affect other organs such as liver, heart and also can cause depression. Stomach distemperaments can cause some disorders. Thepurpose of this study was to provide a diagnostic method of stomach distemperament for clinical practice. Methods: In this study authoritative ITM books such as Canon of Avicenna, Zakhirah-E-Kharazm Shahi by Hakim Esmail Jorjani, Kamel al -Sina'ah al- Tibbiyah by Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi were assessed and symptoms and signs of stomachdistemperament were collected. Results: Stomach has some normal temperament. The imbalance in temperament and humor can cause distemperments. There are 12 types of stomach distemperament and based on symptoms and signs a primary protocol is designed for diagnosis of stomach distemperament. Conclusion: There is no available guideline for gastric distemperamet diagnosis protocol. As a result, the presented protocol should be considered for use in clinical practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10384/5787

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 992 994 Esra TAJIK Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Maryam JAVADI Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran AND children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Marjan MOHAMMADZADEH Dept. of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Diet and Mental Health, What Should Be Done for Malaysian Adolescents https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10406 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10406/5805

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 917 922 Yevgeniy ISHKININ Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan AND Medical University “High School of Public Health”, Almaty, Kazakhstan Alma ZHYLKAIDAROVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Nurzhan NURGALIYEV Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Elmira AUYEZOVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ainash OSHIBAYEVA Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Nadezhda GORBUNOVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Issues of mass screening for prostate cancer rather controversial since 2013 in 11 regions of Kazakhstan introduced a population-based screening for prostate cancer, so we need to evaluate its results. Methods: In different regions of Kazakhstan during 2013-2015, a total of 321548 prostate-specific antigens (PSA) were determined in men aged 50-66 yr, under the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy with histological examination. Results: PSA level up to 4 ng/ml in 310870 (96.7%) men, PSA level between 4 and 10 ng/ml in 8 624 (2.7%) men, PSA level above 10 ng/ml in 2054 (0.6%) men. PHI was identified in 5716 (1.8%) men, of which 2867 cases were with PHI ≥ 25 (35.9%). Totally, 3680 biopsies (1.1%) of the prostate were performed. As part of the screening, 2870 cases (0.88%) of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were found. Of 742 cases of prostate cancer (0.23%) were revealed. The stages of prostate cancer screening were as follows: stage I in 172 men (23.2%), stage II in 444 men (59.8%), stage III in 98 men (13.2%) and stage IV in 28 (3.8%) men. The indicators of prostate cancer early diagnosis in the I-II stages were bigger in the “screening regions” than in the “traditional diagnostics” regions: RR 1.35 95% CI (1.24 – 1.46), OR 1.84 95% CI (1.58–2.15). Prostate cancer was detected at I-II stages in the "screening" regions only by screening vs traditional diagnostics, with RR 1.64 95% CI (1.56 – 1.73), OR 4.77 95% CI (3.87–5.87). Conclusion: Implementation of screening can improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the early stages.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10389/5793

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 882 889 Mahin GHAFARI Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Amin DOOSTI-IRANI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Masoud AMIRI Social Health Determinants Research Center, Shahrekrod University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Zahra CHERAGHI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Adolescence is an important period since the establishment of dietary pattern can also affect the adulthood. This study aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of skipping breakfast among Iranian students. Methods: The international and national databases, including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Web of sciences, Google Scholar, MagIran, and SID were searched 1945-2016 as per case. All studies addressing the prevalence of skipping breakfast among Iranian students were extracted. Results: Out of 322 records, 24 articles remained for meta-analysis. The total pooled prevalence of skipping the breakfast was 0.216 (95% CI: 0.213-0.22), the girls had a higher percentage for skipping breakfast compared with boys (26% vs. 18%). Conclusion: Skipping breakfast is more prevalent in girls. Interventions are required to promote breakfast consumption in the targeted Iranian students, especially the girls.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10385/5789

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 995 996 Pavol BENO Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Consumption of Medicaments in the Slovak Republic https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10407 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10407/5806

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 923 929 Xue-Li WEI Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Mei-Fang XUE Physical Examination Center, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Zhao-Xia QIN Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Xing-Yun BAI Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Fang-Fang DONG Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Jin-Jin ZHANG Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Ning LV Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Hui CHEN Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China Jia ZHANG Dept. of Urinary Surgery No.2, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: We analyzed the effect of comprehensive care on the patients who received minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL). Methods: Patients hospitalized from 2013-2014 in Zhumadian Central Hospital (n=124) were enrolled and divided into two groups on random basis. The control group was treated with routine nursing model while the observation group was given comprehensive care additionally. The surgery time, degree of comfort, complications and successful cases, hospitalization time, sleep quality, nursing satisfaction and changes of systolic pressure, pulse and respiratory at different time were observed and analyzed. Results: The surgery time of the control group was significantly longer than that of observation group (P<0.05). The observation group felt more comfortable and showed more significant successful cases than the control group. Moreover, the hospitalization time were significantly reduced in observation group when compared with control group (P<0.05). The sleep quality of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before anesthesia, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, pulse and respiration were not significantly different between the two groups. The diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, pulse and respiration after anesthesia, intraoperative 30 min, postoperative 30 min and other moments were significantly different. The incidence of complications in the control group was significantly higher than that in the observation group. The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The comprehensive care on the patients undergoing MPCNL was effective, and it can dramatically shorten surgery time, improve the success rate, improve the sleep quality of patients, keep life sign stable and minimize the complications.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10390 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10390/5794

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 890 898 Jila GANJI Dept. of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mohammad Hassan EMAMIAN Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Raziyeh MAASOUMI Dept. of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsanah KERAMAT Dept. of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Effat MERGHATI KHOEI The Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Family & Sexual Health Division, Brian & Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Institution of Neuroscience, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: We aimed to assess what is already known about sexuality education (SE)-related policy or practical issues using review methods to search and critically appraise the existing SE approaches targeting children under age 12 yr. Methods: We completed the data collection by an extensive search of the English and Persian published and unpublished literature, evidence from experts in the topic, and by searching citations. The MeSH-terms were sexuality and training, sexuality education and programs or approaches, sexuality and children, sexuality education and parents, sex or sexuality education, sex education and parents or caregivers. A systematic search of medical and health-related databases, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science was undertaken for the years 1970–2015 together with citation searching, reference list checking and recommendations from stakeholders to identify evidence for SE. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, 20 documents were identified. They were synthesized into three main categories as sexuality-related knowledge, attitudes, and parents’ skills to manage children's sexual behavior and related education. Employed approaches to children's sexuality were reported to be effective in developing healthy sexual behavior in children. Education was identified as the primary focus of the included packages and guidelines. Parents were recognized as first line educators in SE. However, interventions aiming to improve parents' skills in SE for children were limited. In other words, developing skills in parents, and their competency in children’s sexual behavior management were not specified in the existing programs. Conclusion: Parents’ skill-building must be the focus of SE programs in order to address children' sexual development goals.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10386/5790

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 997 998 Atta Abbas NAQVI Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Madinat al Hikmah, Karachi, Pakistan Syed Baqir Shyum NAQVI Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Madinat al Hikmah, Karachi, Pakistan Nida YAZDANI Dept. of Pharmacy, Clifton Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Rizwan AHMAD Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Niyaz AHMAD Dept. of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Fatima ZEHRA Dept. of Social Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Understanding the Dynamics of Poliomyelitis Spread in Pakistan https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10408 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10408/5807

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 930 937 Ladan ROKNI Dept. of Tourism Management, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus Turgay AVCI Dept. of Tourism Management, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus Sam Hun PARK Asia Content Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: This study aimed to determine the efficient factors that potentially lead to the barriers of developing medical tourism in South Korea. Methods: To explore the current medical tourism trend, a qualitative procedure was adopted. Besides analyzing the current situation of medical tourism in Korea through a systematic searching on the available information and publications, in-depth-interviews were conducted to collect data from relevant authorities and representatives of medical tourism associations in this country. Results: The result revealed, although government have supported this industry, that lack of specialty and expertise among the health care practitioners in the scope of cross cultural communication, seems to be the core barrier to development of medical tourism in Korea. Demands for convenient promotional activities, policy making and action regulation are the other effective factors. Discussion: Several strategies are required in order to address and combat these barriers, such as governmental support for cultural training, cooperative efforts to encourage health practitioners involved to enhance their cultural and linguistic competence in international scale.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10393 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10393/5795

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 999 1000 Anna NADAZDYOVA Dept. of Stomatology and Maxilofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Dagmara SIROTNAKOVA Private Dental Clinic, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Parents’ Dental Knowledge and Oral Hygiene Habits in Slovak Children https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10409 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10409/5808

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 938 947 Sanaz SADEGHOLVAD School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia Heather YEATMAN School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia Nasrin OMIDVAR Dept. of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anne-Maree PARRISH School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia Anthony WORSLEY Center for Physical Activity Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Australia 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: This study aimed to investigate food experts’ views on important nutrition and food systems knowledge issues for education purposes at schools in Iran. Methods: In 2012, semi-structured, face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted with twenty-eight acknowledged Iranian experts in food and nutrition fields. Participants were selected from four major provinces in Iran (Tehran, Isfahan, Fars and Gilan). Open-ended interview questions were used to identify nutrition and food systems knowledge issues, which experts considered as important to be included in school education programs. Qualitative interviews were analyzed thematically using NVivo. Results: A framework of knowledge that would assist Iranian students and school-leavers to make informed decisions in food-related areas was developed, comprising five major clusters and several sub-clusters. Major knowledge clusters included nutrition basics; food production; every day food-related practices; prevalent nutritional health problems in Iran and improvement of students’ ethical attitudes in the food domain. Conclusion: These findings provide a guide to curriculum developers and policy makers to assess current education curricula in order to optimize students’ knowledge of nutrition and food systems.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10394 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10394/5796

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 1001 1002 Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shahab REZAEIAN Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10410 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10410/5809

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 948 956 Mohammad Reza MAHDAVI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Farzin POURFARZAD Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mehrnoush KOSARYAN Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi AKBARI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: The hematologic response to hydroxyurea (HU) is varied among β-thalassemia (BT) patients. The BCL11A and SOX6 genes are involved in response to HU. This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro responsiveness of HU among BT major patients homozygote for IVSII-1G>A mutation and XmnI single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in order to find whether the in-vitro Hb concentration is a predictor of clinical (HU) responsiveness. Methods: In this case-control study, twenty BT patients homozygote for IVSII-1G>A mutation and XmnI SNP from Thalassemia Research Center, Sari, Iran in 2015  were selected and categorized into two groups of 10 Responder (R) and 10 Non-Responder (NR) according to their clinical HU response. Ten healthy individuals as a control group were also selected. Hematopoietic erythroid progenitors were expanded from peripheral blood. Hb concentration was measured using photometry method. The flow cytometry and real-time PCR methods were applied for the analysis of cell surface markers (CD71 and CD235a) and gene expression (BCL11A and SOX6), respectively. Results: R and NR groups produced higher amount of Basic Hb than C group in cell culture medium at day 14 (P<0.05). After HU treatment, in R group, Hb levels was significantly elevated in comparison to NR and C group (P<0.05). BCL11A expression was decreased after exposure to HU in all groups while SOX6 expression was only down-regulated in C group, and its expression was increased in R and NR groups after HU treatment. Conclusion: Since different factors including wide networks of intracellular factors and individual differences between patients can affect response to HU in patients, the increasing Hemoglobin on culture medium alone cannot predict clinical responsiveness to that drug.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10395 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10395/5797

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 1003 1004 Gholamreza NIAEI Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Bita AMIR TAGHAVI Dept. of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran Amir NIAEI Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 V64M Mutation in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Gene in Women Infertility https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10411 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10411/5810

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 957 963 Jalal POOROLAJAL Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Ali GHALEIHA Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Nahid DARVISHI Counseling Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shahla DARYAEI Counseling Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Soheila PANAHI Counseling Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Adolescent and young adults are at increased risk of psychiatric distress and serious disability. We estimated the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychiatric distress among the college students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study, from Jan to May 2016 at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Students filled out voluntarily an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, personal information, behavioral risk factors, and a validated Persian version of the GHQ-28 questionnaire, including somatic symptoms (items 1-7), anxiety/insomnia (items 8-14), social dysfunctions (items 15-21), and severe depression (items 22-28). Results: Of 1259 participants, 518 (41.1%) had psychiatric distress, 166 (13.2%) had heterosexual intercourse, 100 (8.0%) had homosexual intercourse, 204 (16.2%) were smokers (31.6% in males and 6.3% in females), 124 (9.9%) reported a history of using opium/psychedelic substances, 204 (16.2%) reported suicide thought, and 103 (8.2%) had attempted suicide at least once in the past. After adjusting odds ratio (95% CI) for age and sex, psychiatric distress were significantly associated with emotional breakdown 2.67 (2.09, 3.40), heterosexual intercourse 2.56 (1.82, 3.62), homosexual intercourse 2.42 (1.57, 3.71), smoking 3.19 (2.29, 4.45), substance abuse 5.03 (3.26, 7.76), suicide thought 7.81 (5.42, 11.27), suicide attempt 5.64 (3.49, 9.12), uninterested in the discipline 2.29 (1.70, 3.07), and non-optimistic about future 2.16 (1.63, 2.86). Conclusion: A majority of college students had psychiatric distress and a substantial number of them reported one or more high-risk behaviors that if neglected, may severely impair the students' function and influence their subsequent development and productive lives.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10398 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10398/5798

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 1005 1006 Mohammad Mahdi PARVIZI Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Nasrin SAKI Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Dept. of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra PARVIZI Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Butterfly Patients in Iran Waiting to Specific Attention from  Authorities https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10412 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10412/5811

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 964 972 Fatemeh AKBARI Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Mohsen DEHGHANI Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. AND Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Chronic pain is associated with increased stress in families and has its own impact on the relationship between members of the family. Among couples, if one of them suffers from chronic pain, this may influence marital satisfaction in both of them and given the importance of marital satisfaction in the prediction of successful treatment outcome, it is important to investigate pain and personality-related factors contributing to inter-individuals variation in marital satisfaction. Methods: Participants in this study were recruited from Atieh Hospital and Rasa Pain Clinic, Tehran, Iran in the year 2013. Chronic pain patients and their spouses were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including measures on pain cognition and marital satisfaction. Using correlation and regression analysis factors with the highest level of contribution to marital satisfaction were investigated. Results: Spouses’ level of rumination about patients’ pain has been found to be positively correlated with marital satisfaction in patients. In addition, patients’ depression has been found to be the best predictor of level of marital satisfaction in patients. In addition, patients’ level of depression, disability and perceived helplessness has been found to be the best predictors of marital satisfaction in their spouses. Conclusion: To improve marital satisfaction among chronic pain patients, their support-seeking needs should be satisfied through involvement of their spouses in the process of treatment. To improve marital satisfaction among patients’ spouses, we should help patients regain their ability, improve their mood, and make patients believe that they have access to the support of their caregivers.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10400 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10400/5799

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 973 981 Khadijeh ASADI SARVESTANI Dept. of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Aliyar AHMADI Dept. of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Halimeh ENAYAT Dept. of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Majid MOVAHED Dept. of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: High rate of unintended pregnancies in Iran is one of problems in family planning. The main goal of this study was to determine the rate of unintended pregnancies and to examine factors among married women in Shiraz City, Iran. It also discusses the possible effects of new population policies on the rate of unintended pregnancy. Methods: In this quantitative and survey study, data were collected by researcher-made questionnaire with interviewer from 400 pregnant women in Shiraz City referred to public and private health centers for prenatal care in 2013. Data were analyzed by SPSS both descriptively and analytically. Results: Overall, 17% of total pregnancies were unintended. The highest rate occurred among couples whose level of education was under diploma. In addition, women above 39 yr old experienced a higher rate of unintended pregnancy. The most popular methods were pills, withdrawal, and condom. The highest rate of unintended pregnancy was related to withdrawal. Knowledge about modern contraceptives particularly emergency contraceptives was low. Age, residence place, use of traditional contraception methods, knowledge about contraceptives, fear of side effects and couple agreement on contraception method were the main predictors of unintended pregnancy. Conclusion: There is still unmet need in family planning. The main predictors of unintended pregnancies are high prevalence of traditional contraception methods and insufficient knowledge about modern contraception methods. Policymakers should pay more attention to these issues. Furthermore, although Iranian policy makers are worried about low fertility, they need to be aware that new population policy through restriction of access to family planning services is effective, but also may exacerbate the problem by leading to a higher chance of unintended pregnancy.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10402 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10402/5800

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 982 984 Abbas ZAMANIAN Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefeh GHANBARI JOLFAEI Dept. of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golnaz MEHRAN Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra AZIZIAN Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Treatment of major depression is crucial to decrease the burden of disease. Hence, in this study, the efficacy of Botox was compared with placebo for treatment of patients with major depression. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 28 consecutive patients with major depression were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either Botox or placebo and the scores of Beck Depression Inventory were determined and compared at baseline and after two and six weeks in the groups and between the groups. In addition, the drug adverse effects were compared between groups. This study had been registered in TCTR with TCTR20170409001 code. Results: There was a statistically significant difference two group for 6th week Beck Score (P=0.004), but at baseline and after two weeks, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). None of the patients experienced side effects. Conclusion: Finally, Botox is effective for treatment of patients with major depression and it has a high safety.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10403 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10403/5801