Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 899 905 Hui SUN Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Hongyu LIU Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Jingbo LI Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Xiaochun WANG Dept. of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: To investigate the interventional efficacy and clinical significance of graded psychological nursing care for patients who have undergone cardiothoracic surgery by providing graded psychological nursing care for these patients according to the results of their psychological evaluation. Methods: In this interventional study, 110 patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery between 2014 and 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, were enrolled. We divided them into two groups of 55 patients each, namely, a control group and a treatment group. For patients in the control group, we applied regular psychological nursing care; those in the treatment group were further divided into three different psychological grades after being assessed using Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); patients at each grade were treated by graded psychological nursing care in addition to regular psychological nursing care. Results: Significant decreases, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01), were observed in the SCL-90 and PSQI scores of patients in the treatment group as compared with the control group. Patients in the treatment group, who underwent graded psychological nursing care according to their varying psychological conditions, showed better improvement in their post-surgery emotional state and sleep quality than those in the control group, thus indicating the great significance of graded psychological nursing care in clinical practices. Conclusion: Applying graded psychological nursing care in post-operation cardiothoracic patients improved nursing care efficiency and alleviated patients’ negative feelings. Therefore, this type of nursing care should be further promoted and utilized in clinical practice for effective rehabilitation of patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10387/5791

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 869 876 Min MU Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Li-Fa XU Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Dong HU, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Jing WU Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China Ming-Jie BAI Dept. of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Dietary patterns analysis may provide insights into the influence of overall diet on overweight/obesity. In the past two decades, the relation between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity has been a research focus and a number of results were reported in the research field. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, to identify human studies published by Mar 2015 and written in English. The following keywords or phrases were involved: dietary patterns, dietary pattern, factor analysis, principal component analysis, diet, obesity, adiposity, overweight and BMI. All the studies were retrieved and prudent/healthy (n=17) and western/unhealthy (n=18) dietary patterns were identified. Results: When compared with the lowest categories of a prudent/healthy dietary pattern, a reduced overweight/obesity risk was shown in the highest (OR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.78; P<0.0001). While there was an increased overweight/obesity risk in the highest when compared with the lowest categories of a western/unhealthy dietary pattern (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.45, 1.87; P<0.0001). Conclusion: A prudent/healthy dietary pattern and limit intake of western/unhealthy dietary pattern should be followed, which helps to keep a healthy body mass. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10383 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10383/5786

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 985 988 Sayed Aladdin ASGARI Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Sadeq ROSTAMI Dept. of Urology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Mojtaba TEIMOORI Dept. of Urology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Priapism is well-defined by persistent, painful penile erection which happens without sexual stimulation. Currently, the hirudotherapy is practiced to treat venous congestion and subsequent compartment syndrome. Here we will report a case of a male with priapism treated by leeches. The case was a 26 yr old young single male referred to the Razi Hospital Emergency Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran due to long-time spontaneous erections. The patient had no history of mental disorders, trauma or sickle cell anemia. we insert two leeches in each side of penile shaft for two hours, after a one hour break we insert do in same manner for another cycle. At follow-up two days later he had significantly decreased pain, though still had cavernosal swelling and tenderness to palpation. The patient was subsequently discharged after three days of admission. The pain and perineal swelling completely resolved over the course of one month. In this case, chronology indicates that leech therapy was possibly treatment option for priapism. This procedure seems to be non-invasive treatment strategy worth to discussing in such patients.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10404 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10404/5802

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 989 991 Eun-Ju CHOI Division of Sports Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Korea Taikyeong Ted. JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Effects of Workout and Meditation Phenomenon Program on Body Composition, Flexibility, and Blood Pressure Data Analysis https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10405 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10405/5803

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 906 916 Lucian MURESAN Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Ana PETCU Rheumatology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Crina MURESAN Dept. of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Mirela RINZIS Rheumatology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Gabriel GUSETU Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Dana POP Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Dumitru ZDRENGHEA Dept. of Cardiology-Rehabilitation Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Simona REDNIC Rheumatology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: In patients with systemic sclerosis, NT-proBNP is a useful diagnostic marker for pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction, with important prognostic significance. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the NT-proBNP levels and the presence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with scleroderma. Methods: Forty consecutive patients with a diagnostic of systemic sclerosis according to the EULAR criteria admitted at the Rheumatology Clinic of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, from Jan 2014 to Apr 2014 were enrolled. Patients underwent a 12-lead ECG and a 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring for ventricular arrhythmias evaluation. Blood sample testing (including NT-proBNP level measurements), echocardiography, spirometry, chest X-ray and, when considered appropriate, high-resolution chest CT were performed. Results: Sixty percent of patients (n=24) had abnormal NT-proBNP serum levels (>125 pg/ml) and 10 patients had >100 PVC /24 h. There was a statistically significant correlation between the NT-proBNP levels and the total number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) (r=0.445, P=0.006), total number of isolated PVC (r=0,493, P=0.002), total number of ventricular couplets (r=0.379, P=0.021) and the number of PVC morphologies (r=0.501, P=0.002). The presence of an NT-proBNP serum level >287 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 93% in predicting the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias on 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. Conclusion: NT-proBNP levels could become a useful ventricular arrhythmia marker for assessing the arrhythmic risk in patients with systemic sclerosis.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10388/5792

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 877 881 Mahdi ALIZADEH Dept. of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim KHADEM Dept. of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jale ALIASL Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 25 2017 06 25   Background: In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) stomach is the important organ in the body. Its disorders can affect other organs such as liver, heart and also can cause depression. Stomach distemperaments can cause some disorders. Thepurpose of this study was to provide a diagnostic method of stomach distemperament for clinical practice. Methods: In this study authoritative ITM books such as Canon of Avicenna, Zakhirah-E-Kharazm Shahi by Hakim Esmail Jorjani, Kamel al -Sina'ah al- Tibbiyah by Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi were assessed and symptoms and signs of stomachdistemperament were collected. Results: Stomach has some normal temperament. The imbalance in temperament and humor can cause distemperments. There are 12 types of stomach distemperament and based on symptoms and signs a primary protocol is designed for diagnosis of stomach distemperament. Conclusion: There is no available guideline for gastric distemperamet diagnosis protocol. As a result, the presented protocol should be considered for use in clinical practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10384/5787

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 992 994 Esra TAJIK Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Maryam JAVADI Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran AND children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Marjan MOHAMMADZADEH Dept. of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Diet and Mental Health, What Should Be Done for Malaysian Adolescents https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10406 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10406/5805

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 917 922 Yevgeniy ISHKININ Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan AND Medical University “High School of Public Health”, Almaty, Kazakhstan Alma ZHYLKAIDAROVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Nurzhan NURGALIYEV Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Elmira AUYEZOVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ai26 Background: This study aimed to use a mixed-method approach to investigate affecting factors on the performance of Community Health Workers (CHW) in Iran’s villages. Methods: This study was conducted during 2014-2015 with a mixed method in three phases of literature review, Delphi technique and developing a rich picture. Overall, in order to finalize the affecting factors and their relationships between qualitative content analysis, Delphi technique, AHP technique and Focus Group Discussion were used, respectively. Results: Affecting factors on CHW performance were divided into four main categories, 10 sub-themes and 35 contents. Increase in the level of people’s awareness, disease patterns, demographic structure and lifestyle were placed in four priorities respectively on the basis of importance. Conclusion: To the most extent CHW cannot face current needs of rural communities. It challenges equitable access to healthcare services and also conflicts with the primary philosophy of CHW presence in rural areas. CHW can be used in two forms; either as an assistant to rural family physicians or with the same previous functions.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8341 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8341/5350

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1513 1514 Shenghua XIE Dept. of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Junling XU Public Administration College, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 The Effects of Social Medical Insurance Participation on Migrant Workers in China: Estimation Based on the Propensity Score Matching Approach https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8355 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8355/5380

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1427 1435 Hyunshik KIM Faculty of Sport Medicine, Sendai University, Miyagi, Japan Younglae CHOI Dept. of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Jiameng MA Faculty of Sport Medicine, Sendai University, Miyagi, Japan Kuam HYUNG Dept. of Sports in Life, Jangan University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea Masashi MIYASHITA Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan Sunkyoung LEE Dept. of Life Physical Education, Myongji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2016 11 26 2016 11 26  Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the reliability of the Korean version of the NEWS and to investigate the relationship between walking and environmental factors by gender. Methods: A total of 1407 Korean adults, aged 20-59 yr, participated in the study. Data were collected between Sep 2013 and Oct 2013. To examine the test-retest reliability, 281 of the 1407 participants were asked to answer the same questionnaire (Korean NEWS-A scale) after a 7-d interval. Results: The ICC range of the entire questionnaire was 0.71-0.88. The item on land use mix-diversity had the highest ICC, and that on physical barriers had the lowest. In addition, presents the partial correlation coefficients for walking and the NEWS-A score, adjusted for social demographic variables. Overall, land use mix-diversity (P<0.034) and land use mix-access (P<0.014) showed a positive relationship with walking. Discussion: Examination of the reliability of the Korean NEWS-A scale based on Korean adults who reside in large cities showed that all items had statistically satisfactory reliability. Korean NEWS-A scale may be a useful measure for assessing environmental correlates of walking among population in Korea.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8344 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8344/5357

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1515 1517 Sanja MANCEVSKA Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Filip KONESKI Dept. of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Jasmina PLUNCEVIC GLIGOROSKA Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Julijana NIKOLOVSKA Dept. of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Vasilka RENDZOVA Dept. of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Joseph TECCE Dept. of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Factors Related to High Anxiety and Depression in Dentistry Students in the Republic of Macedonia https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8356 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8356/5382

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1436 1445 Yu JIE School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. of China Li KEBIN School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. of China Tang YIN School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. of China Xu JIE School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. of China 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: There is conflicting reports on the respiratory health effects of indoor risk factor exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the association of indoor environmental factors to pulmonary function in an adult population in Zunyi City of Southwest China. Methods: Between July and Sep 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of people aged ≥18 yr in 11 inner-city areas of Zunyi. Data on asthma and asthma-related symptoms and selected home environmental factors were assessed by questionnaire. Lung function measurements, including FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEFR, were assessed and compared. Exposure to indoor and outdoor PM2.5 was monitored by measurement of PM2.5 emission relative concentration. Results: Cooking oil fumes, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and coal fuel use were associated with impaired lung function among adults in summer season (P<0.05). Subjects exposed coal fuel combustion, cooking oil fumes, pest in kitchen, mosquito repellent, fluffy blanket, pets, visible mold in bedroom and ETS (active and passive smoking) tended to exhibit greater decreases in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR values compared with their non-exposed counterparts (P<0.05). Median PM2.5 relative concentrations in kitchen, sleeping area and outdoor were 486.0cpm, 463.0cpm and 459.0cpm, respectively. PM2.5 relative concentration in indoor kitchen and sleeping area were significant higher than outdoor (P<0.001). Conclusion: A negative association between kitchen, sleeping area risk factors and ETS exposure and a reduction in lung function in summer was revealed in Zunyi.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8345 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8345/5358

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 8357 8357 Chi-Hao ZHANG Dept. of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Meng LUO Dept. of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Helplessness of Doctors and Nurses in China https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8357 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8357/5383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1446 1454 Ok-Hee CHO Dept. of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea Yang-Sook YOO College of Nursing, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea Kyung-Hye HWANG Dept. of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong, South Korea 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: This study aimed to examine the impact of ego-resilience and family function on quality of life in childhood leukemia survivors. Methods: This study targeted 100 pediatric leukemia survivors, who visited the Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Center in South Korea from Aug to Dec 2011. A structured questionnaire of ego-resilience, family function and quality of life used to collect data through direct interview with the pediatric patients and their parents. The correlation between the study variables analyzed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the impact on quality of life analyzed using a stepwise multiple regression. Results: Ego-resilience (r = 0.69, P<0.001) and family function (r =0.46, P< 0.001) had a positive correlation with quality of life and all the sub-categories of quality of life. Ego-resilience was a major factor affecting quality of life in childhood leukemia survivors, with an explanatory power of 48%. The explanatory power for quality of life increased to 53% when age and family function were included. Conclusion: Ego-resilience, age, and family function affect quality of life in childhood leukemia survivors. Hence, strategies are required to construct age-matched programs to improve quality of life, in order to help restore the necessary ego-resilience and to strengthen family function in childhood leukemia survivors.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8346/5359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1519 1520 Hasnain Abbas DHARAMSHI Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan Uroosa ASIF Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Electronic Smoke https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8358/5386

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1455 1464 Hamid KARYAB Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran AND Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masud YUNESIAN Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Simin NASSERI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Noushin RASTKARI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirhosein MAHVI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ramin NABIZADEH Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: This study was focused on the probability of carcinogen risk of low-level ingestion and dermal exposure with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from drinking water in Tehran, capital of Iran. Methods: Concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in the tap, bottled and heated tap water in four different seasons. Using a questionnaire-based survey, exposure with PAHs from drinking water was evaluated via direct ingestion, swimming, washing and showering. Finally, a comprehensive risk assessment was performed in four age groups. Rank correlation was used to represent variability in risk analysis and obtained coefficients were used for sensitivity analysis. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to determine risk probability distributions and to calculate cumulative probability of the total risks in different age groups. Results: The lifetime average daily dose and the dermal absorbed dose were 0.69E-06 and 1.33E-05 mg/kg/day, respectively. The total estimated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of ingestion and dermal exposure were 1.57E-05 and 17.24E-05. Conclusion: Sum of estimated ingestion and dermal ELCR was 18.81E-05, which was higher than the acceptable value recommended by WHO. It means a total of 1504 lifetime cancer cases in residents of Tehran. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that risk probability above the acceptable level was 96.2% in dermal exposure. Moreover, sensitivity analysis indicated that tap water consumption (Pspearman >0.92) and washing activities (Pspearman>0.95) had the greatest correlation on the cancer risk.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8347 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8347/5362

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1521 1522 Shahab REZAEIAN Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Somayeh KHAZAEI Operating Room, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 TB/HIV Co-infection in Iran: Current Situation and the  Modeling Study for Future Policy https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8359/5388

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1465 1472 Somayeh SABOORI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mahmoud DJALALI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Esmaeil YOUSEFI RAD Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Ebrahim Nematipour Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar SABOOR-YARAGHI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hassan JAVANBAKHT Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ESHRAGHIAN Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atena RAMEZANI Dept. of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Fariba KOOHDANI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: Omega 3 and vitamin E are two critical nutrients which include beneficial effects in coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega 3 alone supplementation or in combination with vitamin E on serum glucose and lipid levels and insulin resistance in CAD patients. Methods: Participants of this clinical trial included 60 male patients with CAD who selected from Tehran Heart Center in Tehran, Iran in 2014. They received 4 g/day omega 3 plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), 4 g/day omega 3 with vitamin E placebo (OP), or omega 3 and vitamin E placebo (PP) for two months. Serum glucose, lipids and insulin were assessed and HOMA-IR was calculated before and after the trial and effects of these nutrients on the highlighted parameters were compared within the study groups. Results: Serum glucose level increased significantly in OP group (P=0.004), but not in OE group. OE and OP groups showed a significant decrease in fasting serum TG (P=0.020 and P=0.001, respectively). Serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in OE group (P=0.044 and P=0.039, respectively) but did not change significantly in OP group. Conclusion: Although, omega 3 supplementation may include adverse effects on serum glucose level, co-administration of omega 3 and vitamin E can beneficially decrease serum insulin and insulin resistance in CAD patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8348 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8348/5363

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1523 1524 Sanaz GOODARZI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Seyyed Amin AYATOLLAHI MOUSAVI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Somayeh SHARIFYNIA Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azar BERAHMEH Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sassan REZAIE Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Effects of Aspirin as an Anti-inflammatory Drug on  Azole-resistant Candida glabrata In Vitro https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8360/5391

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1473 1480 Alireza JAVADI Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud SHAMAEI Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud ZAREI Genetic Research Center, Molecular and Cellular Department, Ashkzar Azad University, Yazd, Iran Lida REZAEIAN Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arda KIANI Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefeh ABEDINI Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown origin with characterization of small granulomas. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a pathophysiologic marker of sarcoidosis. We present the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in correlation with serum ACE level in Iranian patients with sarcoidosis. Methods: From Jan 2014 to Jan 2015, 102 Iranian patients who histopathologically diagnosed for sarcoidosis and 192 healthy age and sex-matched controls were recruited. PCR was used for detection of I/D polymorphism in ACE gene. Results: Frequency of II/ID/DD genotype in sarcoidosis disease was 17%, 35.5%, and 47.1%, respectively. The frequency of D allele was 0.65. A significant association between I/D genotypes and mean of sACE level was seen (DD=85.2±22.9, P<0.001). More frequent genotype in sarcoidosis patients was DD (47%), ID genotype (45.9%) was found more in controls. Logistic regression analysis adjusting age and sex showed that ID to II (OR=0.35, 95%CI=0.17-0.73, P=0.005) and DD to II (OR=2.11, 95%CI=0.98-4.54, P=0.05) could be considered as a predictor factor for the disease activity. No significant model for men in sarcoidosis group was seen, while women with II/ID were associated with a reduced risk for the disease. Conclusion: Although more regional studies with appropriate statistical scale must be done to provide a better diagnosis and prognostic tool for this disease, this study demonstrates that ID and DD genotype could be predictive factors for sarcoidosis.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8350/5364

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1525 1527 Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Erfan AYUBI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamyar MANSORI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh KHAZAEI Operating Room, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Pertussis Incidence by Time, Province and Age Group in Iran, 2006-2011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8361/5393

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1481 1490 Mostafa LEILI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Amin PIRMOGHANI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad Taghi SAMADI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Reza SHOKOOHI Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Ghodratollah ROSHANAEI Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Ali POORMOHAMMADI Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: The objective of this study was to determine the residual concentrations of ethion and imidacloprid in cucumbers grown in greenhouse. The effect of some simple processing procedures on both ethion and imidacloprid residues were also studied. Methods: Ten active greenhouses that produce cucumber were randomly selected. Ethion and imidacloprid as the most widely used pesticides were measured in cucumber samples of studied greenhouses. Moreover, the effect of storing, washing, and peeling as simple processing procedures on both ethion and imidacloprid residues were investigated. Results: One hour after pesticide application; the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of ethion and imidacloprid were higher than that of Codex standard level. One day after pesticide application, the levels of pesticides were decreased about 35 and 31% for ethion and imidacloprid, respectively, which still were higher than the MRL. Washing procedure led to about 51 and 42.5% loss in ethion and imidacloprid residues, respectively. Peeling procedure also led to highest loss of 93.4 and 63.7% in ethion and imidacloprid residues, respectively. The recovery for both target analytes was in the range between 88 and 102%. Conclusion: The residue values in collected samples one hour after pesticides application were higher than standard value. The storing, washing, and peeling procedures lead to the decrease of pesticide residues in greenhouse cucumbers. Among them, the peeling procedure has the greatest impact on residual reduction. Therefore, these procedures can be used as simple and effective processing techniques for reducing and removing pesticides from greenhouse products before their consumption.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8351 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8351/5367

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1528 1530 Katayoun SALEM Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry and Oro-Maxillofacial Developmental Disease Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Daryoush AZIZ Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Morteza Asadi Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Azad Dental School, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Prevalence and Predictors of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) among Rural Children in Northern Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8362 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8362/5394

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1491 1500 Zhaleh SHADMAN Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdieh AKHOUNDAN Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nooshin POORSOLTAN Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bagher LARIJANI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa QORBANI Dept. of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran AND Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi HEDAYATI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen KHOSHNIAT NIKOO Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 Background: Role of dietary modifications on the treatment and management of diabetes and complications was shown by many researchers. This study was designed to examine the association of major dietary patterns with diabetes-related cardio-metabolic risk factors in Iranian diabetes. Methods: Totally, 525 type 2 diabetic subjects with mean age 55 ± 10 yr were included in this cross-sectional study in 2014 that followed for at least two years by the Diabetes and Metabolic disease Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Blood samples were collected after 12 h fasting for glycemic and lipid profiles. Information on the general characteristics, anthropometric, blood pressure measurements and physical activity level was collected. Dietary data were obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were obtained factor analysis (principal component analysis). Results: Three major dietary patterns retained through principal component analysis: Western like (high in sweets, fast foods, carbonated drinks, red meat, mayonnaise, nuts, refined grains, potato and visceral meat), Asian like (high in vegetables, low-fat dairy, fish, poultry and egg), and Traditional like (high in high fat dairy, oils, whole grains, vegetables and fruits). Western like dietary pattern was positively associated with fasting serum glucose (P=0.05), total cholesterol (P=0.005) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.008). After extensive adjustment for potential confounders, the association of serum total cholesterol and Western like dietary pattern remained significant (P=0.03). Conclusion: Modifications in dietary pattern, especially in those who have a Western dietary pattern, may be effective in preventing or delayin