Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 591 601 Fan YANG School for Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, P.R. CHINA D QIAN School for Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, P.R. CHINA Dan HU School for Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, P.R. CHINA 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: NCDs are the leading disease burdens in China and the NCDs risk factors shifts have accelerated at an unprecedented scale over the past 30 years. The aim of this study was to analysis the natural trajectories of NCDs risk factors over the life course. Methods: The large-scale longitudinal data from the CHNS includes nine rounds of surveys between 1989 and 2011. Overall, 145913 observations (29719 individuals) at multiple exams have been followed up over a 23-year period. The mixed-effects models with random intercepts were used to the characterize shifts in the distribution of these risk factors across the whole life course. Results: During about 23 years observational period across all age bands, the mean AMC, UAC, TSF, BMI, WC, DBP, SD, DD, and PA trajectory all increased until a certain age. Then decreased in both gender, whereas SBP strictly increased across lifespan; and the secular trend in AMC and WC, SBP, DBP was greater in women than in men; younger generations had higher AMC, UAC, TSF, BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, SBP, DBP levels across adulthood, whereas younger birth cohorts had lower SD, DD, and PA levels. Conclusion: We observed in a large and comprehensive longitudinal dataset that provided strong evidence of population-wide secular shifts from childhood onwards, which suggests that promoting healthier lifestyles, body weight, blood pressure and enhancing the primary practitioner’s capability should be required to reduce the burden of NCDs in China.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9905 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9905/5702

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 585 590 Shahram YAZDANI Dept. of Medical Education, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam AKBARILAKEH Dept. of Medical Education, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: This study provided the theoretical basis for program development through a new conceptualization of the concept of family physician related health care. Methods: Critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) was used to carry out qualitative analysis and synthesis of the literature from 2006 until 2015. At the beginning of CIS, the search strategy was designed to access electronic databases such as CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Embase, EBMreviews, and Thomson scientific web of science database. The main review question was the clarification of the health care related to family physician in health system, which produced over related 750 articles; 60 articles related to the research objective were studied by purposive sampling. After identifying the main categories and sub-categories, synthesis of the contradictory findings in different studies was conducted. New concepts and relationships between concepts were created using CIS of documentation related to the place of family physician in health system. Results: To define the original position of family physician in health system, clarify its related health care and determine its boundaries from other health care providers, and its use in the design and development of family physician’s educational program, a frame of concepts related to the main concept and question was created. A more useful means of understanding family physician is offered by the synthetic constructs of this framework. Conclusion: The theoretical conceptualization of family physician position and duties in the health system can be an appropriate guide for educational program and curricula in our context.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9903 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9903/5701

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 705 707 So-Youn AN Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, South Republic of Korea Ki Seok HONG Perio-Implant Research Center, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, South Republic of Korea Jong-Tae PARK Dept. of Oral Anatomy, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, South Republic of Korea 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Comparison of Gene-expression Profiles between Normal and Periodontitis-affected Tissues https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9921 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9921/5719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 699 704 Sharareh ESKANDARIEH Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pouria HEYDARPOUR MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyedeh-Robab ELHAMI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali SAHRAIAN MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Tehran is the capital of Iran with an increasing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) incidence. A retrospective population-based study was conducted to evaluate the status of MS prevalence and MS incidence trends in Tehran Province, Iran. Methods: A population-based study was conducted from 1991 to 2014 in Tehran Province, the capital city of Iran based on Iranian MS Society (IMSS) registry system. A structured questionnaire design to cover the important epidemiological variables, related at the individual level for MS. A Monte Carlo Permutation method was utilized to test whether the apparent change in MS trends during 1991-2014 was statistically significant. Results: MS incidence was significantly increased during our study period. The annual percent change (APC) was 12.8% in women during 1991 to 2004 and 12.5% in men during the same period. The point prevalence of MS was 101.39 per 100000 populations in 2014. The age-adjusted prevalence rates were 134.03 and for male patients were 42.45 per 100000. Conclusion: MS prevalence and incidence in Tehran are markedly rising, it is crucial to elucidate the causes of the increasing trends and implement efficient policies lowering disease burden.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9920 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9920/5718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 602 607 Radhika Kalyani KOMMALAPATI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Deepthi KATURI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, St. Joseph’s Dental College, Elur, Andhra Pradesh, India Kiran Kumar KATTAPPAGARI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Lalith Prakash Chandra KANTHETI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Rajasekhar Babu MURAKONDA Practitioner, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Chandra Sekhar POOSARLA Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Ravi Teja CHITTURI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Sridhar Reddy GONTU Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Venkata Ramana Reddy BADDAM Sibar Health and Research Foundation, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Forensic odontology plays important role in identification of human remains in mass disasters such as air crash, tsunami, and accidents. Palatal rugae act as an ideal requisite for human identification as they are present in all victims and are resistant to changes such as aging and trauma. The study aimed to analyze differences in shape and number of palatal rugae in population from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Methods: This study was conducted in SIBAR institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India in 2012 on 200 subjects, gender matched and equally divided as 100 from Andhra Pradesh and 100 from Telangana states. Rugae were studied using Kapali.S classification. Association between rugae shape and gender variation between the two populations were tested by chi-square analysis and student t-test.                               Results: Average number of rugae was more (11.84±3.03) in subjects of Andhra Pradesh, compared to Telangana (9.50 ±1.65) population. Males of Andhra Pradesh showed significantly higher mean number of total rugae than in Telangana males. Distribution of total number of different rugae shapes in males and females of both the populations showed significant variation in wavy and circular rugae patterns. Wavy, curved and straight rugae were significantly higher in males and females of Andhra Pradesh compared to Telangana population. Telangana population showed significant increase in circular rugae. Conclusion: Our study revealed statistically significant variation in shape and total number of rugae between observed populations of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9906 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9906/5703

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 708 710 Harapan HARAPAN Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Tropical Disease Center, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Alma ALLETA Dept. of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Samsul ANWAR Dept. of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Abdul M. SETIAWAN Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Socio-demographic Factors Associated with Inhabitants’ View Related to Vaccines in Indonesia https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9922 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9922/5720

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 608 611 Xu-Dong DING Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China Jing ZHONG Dept. of Ultrasound Imaging,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China Yan-Ping LIU Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China Hua-Xian CHEN Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: We aimed to study the curative effects of botulinum A toxin (BTX-A) on the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia (PNH). Methods: We enrolled 58 PNH patients and treated them with hypodermic injection of BTX-A in Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China. We measured and compared the Visual Analog Score (VAS), Neuropathy Pain Scale (NPS), Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) score, PNH seizure severity degree, seizure duration, frequency of attack and the use of painkillers before and after treatment. We used SPSS13 software package for statistical analysis. Values were expressed by mean± standard deviation. P<0.05 indicated a significant difference and P<0.01 indicated an obvious significant difference. Results: Attack frequency, attack duration and attack severity were all significantly lower after treatment (P<0.01). The use of painkillers reduced after treatment (P<0.01) and we observed very few adverse reactions associated with BTX-A injection. Conclusion: The use of BTX-A for treating post-herpetic neuralgia produced very promising results with very few adverse reactions. BTX-A can be considered as a valid approach in the treatment of PNH, especially in patients that do not respond well to painkillers.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9907 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9907/5704

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 711 712 Yu Qiao MA Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Universit exists on Iranian women's protective behaviors mainly constant condom use. Inconsistent condom use seems prevalent among women with substance use problems. We aimed to investigate risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) and condom use barriers in Iranian women with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we recruited 300 women who sought treatments for their SUDs from the active outpatient drug free (ODF) and Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) centers in Tehran, Iran during 2017-2021. We used three batteries including demographic questionnaire, the Risky Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ); and the Condom Barriers Scale (CBS). The statistical software R, analysis of variance post hoc and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) logistic regression tests were used in data analysis Results: The majority reported at least one lifetime experience of RSBs. Our results show that only 22% of the participants 'always' use condom in their sexual encounters. The lowest and highest subscale scores of the CBS were related to Sexual Experience (SE) (2.47 ± 0.86) and access/availability structure (3.52 ± 0.7), respectively. RSBs had negative significant association with Partner Barrier (PB) subscale scores (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.73) and effect on SE subscale scores (OR= 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.94). Conclusion: RSBs was prevalent among our study population. RSBs and condom use barriers are significantly interwoven. The condom use barriers were highly associated with the types of sexual encounters such as group sex or casual sexual relations than specific mean of sexual performance (i.e. anal sex). Gender-specific RSBs, STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention program is recommended for women with SUDs.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24773 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24773/8010

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1565 1577 Nurulain Muhamad Center of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Nurul Amira Nor Amali WHOOSH Southkey, 80150 Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia 2022 09 27 2023 01 17 Background: Digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, computers, and laptops are used for various purposes. The digital display quality has been improved, making it less tiring and more favoured among users. This study aimed to review the visual comfort of digital devices and the preferences of digital display settings that enhance the visual comfort experienced by digital device users. Methods: A search of PubMed, EBSCO host MEDLINE Complete, Scopus database, Google Scholar, and manual citation review was conducted, covering the period between 2010 and 2022. The criteria were selected based on the PRISMA statements. The search mainly focused on finding the existing literature on digital devices that contribute to visual discomfort and digital device settings that provide better visual comfort. Results: The database search resulted in 533 references via the application of Microsoft Excel. There were 28 studies included in the final assessment. Twelve studies accounted for digital devices that contributed to visual discomfort, while another sixteen studies for digital device settings provided better visual comfort. Conclusion: Digital displays with high luminance contrast, positive polarity and adequate colour were preferred for better visual comfort. Meanwhile, smaller fonts were preferred for desktops and laptops, while larger fonts were favoured for smartphones. This study provides insights for digital display developers to learn and improve their display technology to fit the preferences expressed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29924 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29924/8001

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 07 1779 1780 Tohid Seif Barghi Department of Sports Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi Tavana Department of Sports Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 04 11 2022 06 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28400 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28400/8023

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1682 1691 EN Chunxiao Xu Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China Yu Guo Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Zheng Bian Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Zhengming Chen Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Universi-ty of Oxford, Oxford, UK Liming Li 1. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China 2. School of Public Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China Min Yu Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China 2021 03 29 2022 09 02 Background: A resting heart rate may be correlated with an increased risk of stroke. Therefore, we explored the independent and joint influences of heart rate and body mass index on the incidence of stroke and its subtypes in a Chinese rural population. Methods: Cox proportional hazard models were adopted for measuring the influence exerted by heart rate on stroke in the Tongxiang China Kadoorie Biobank prospective cohort analyses, in which 23,132 men and 32,872 women were included. Incident stroke refers to ‘24-hour acute focal disorder, considered to result from ischemia or intracranial hemorrhage’. Results: Over a 6.9 year mean follow up period, 986 men and 925 women developed stroke, representing an incidence of 6.35 and 4.00 per 1,000 person-years. In contrast to men with heart rate < 69 beats/minute, men at heart rate ≥ 90 beats/minute could more probably develop stroke and ischemic stroke with representing hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.29 (1.05 – 1.58), and 1.35 (1.06 – 1.71). An adjusted hazard ratio of 1.37 (95% CI = 1.06 - 1.74) and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.08 – 1.96) were respectively identified for stroke and ischemic stroke in non-overweight/obese male patients with heart rate ≥ 90 beats/minute. Joint analyses also favored the results. Unfortunately, non-significant results were found in women. Conclusion: Higher resting heart rate acts as an independent predictor of any stroke and ischemic stroke risk in adult Chinese male but not in female. This relationship was particularly evident among non-overweight/obese male participants. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24349 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24349/8011

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1578 1588 EN Yan Yang School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Jianwei Shi School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Jiaoling Huang School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Mingwang Cheng School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Shasha Geng General Practice Medicine, Dongfang Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China Wenya Yu School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ning Chen School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Chen Chen Shanghai Jing’an District Jiangning Road Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai, China Zhaoxin Wang 1. Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China 2. School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China 2019 12 02 2020 08 20 Background: The single risk factors of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied. We aimed to synthesize results from such studies to identify and estimate multiple independent risk factors of PC. Methods: Articles published up to Feb 28, 2020 in English or Chinese reporting risk factors of PC were reviewed. The fixed-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Results: PC was significantly associated with smoking (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.61–1.92, P < 0.00001, I2 = 6%), diabetes (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.52-2.88, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), family history of PC (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.13-3.11, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), and chronic pancreatitis (OR: 5.84, 95% CI: 3.63-9.41, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes, family history of PC, and chronic pancreatitis were independent risk factors for PC. These independent risk factors have an important role in identifying high-risk groups, which is of great significance to reduce the incidence of PC and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19057 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19057/8002

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1692 1700 Yujing Ji Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China Limin Zhang Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China 2023 06 06 2023 08 06 Background: Obesity, one of the independent risk factors affecting children’s physical and mental health, has become a serious public health problem in the 21st century. Given physical anxiety and other psychological factors, obese children experience negative impact on their mental health and intellectual development from their loneliness, unwillingness to communicate with others, and lack of peer interaction. Therefore, exploring an effective psychological intervention model that can relieve loneliness in obese children is necessary. Methods: From February to October 2022, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on obese children recruited from communities in Harbin, China. The children recruited were evaluated with the UCLA Loneliness Scale. According to the evaluation results, one hundred and five children were selected and randomly divided into experiment group (52) and control group (53). The experiment group was given an eight-week solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention based on empowerment theory. The control and experiment groups were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results: The loneliness score of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). The self-efficacy score of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). The subjective well-being score of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: SFBT intervention based on empowerment theory has an effective intervention effect on loneliness in obese children and can improve their subjective well-being and self-efficacy. The results of this study provide a new perspective for the intervention on psychological problems in obese children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32218 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32218/8012

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1589 1599 Mina Esmaili Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran Dariush D. Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kambiz Poushaneh Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran Anita Baghdassarians Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran Hassan Ashayeri Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 01 09 2023 04 25 Executive functions (EFs) skills are necessary for regulating the thoughts, emotions, and actions which are associated with many aspects of daily functioning. Executive dysfunction (EDFs) is present in a wide range of mental disorders. New study indicates that EFs may predict health behavior and make it easier to engage in a variety of healthy activities. In this narrative review, EFs and public health are briefly discussed. In general, 133 articles met the inclusion criteria (published 2018-2023) which were reviewed. EFs affect the mental and physical health. Besides individual problems, people with mental problems have heavy costs to society. Mental health cannot be considered separately from general health. Consequently, preventive and therapeutic approaches to mental health should be considered not only at the level of the whole society, but also at the global level. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30882 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30882/8003

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1701 1710 Yasemin Numanoğlu Çevik Microbiology Reference Laboratory and Biological Products Department, Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Pub-lic Health, Ankara, Turkey 2022 12 22 2023 08 06 Background: Within the scorpion family Buthidae, some of the most dangerous venomous genera are Androctonus (A), Buthus (B), and Leiurus (L). This venom is valuable raw material for numerous therapeutic formulations because of its pharmacological potential; however, because of its high prices in the global market, fake “venom mixes” are being made to market illegally, and it is important that these unknown mixes be evaluated. A fast and accurate response to the request for this identification is necessary. Method: This study was conducted in Turkey in 2022. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight. The R platform get used to assess the accuracy of FAM110C delivery in predicting the prognosis of PDAC using a time-dependent receptor operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The delivery level of FAM110C was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Gene set enrichment investigated possible mechanisms between different FAM110C expression groups in GBM (GSEA). The impact of FAM110C on glioma cell movement was discovered using migration test. The drug's gene-targeting impact was validated by the CCK8 test. Results: A total of 173 GBM samples were obtained from the TCGA database, with 148 including information on IDH1 mutations and 151 containing information on overall survival. The mRNA expression level of FAM110C was greater in wild-type GBM, according to qRT-PCR data. The connection between FAM110C expression and Hallmark, GO, and KEGG pathway gene sets was investigated using GSEA software. We used migration test to assess the impact of FAM110C on glioma motility in order to confirm the findings of the GSEA analysis. Conclusion: FAM110C might get used as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for wild-type GBM, and its inhibition could be used to prevention and treatment wild-type GBM.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31981 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31981/8060

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2128 2137 Ji Lee Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon City 34520, Republic of Korea Hae Son Department of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam City 13135, Republic of Korea 2022 07 27 2022 11 19 Background: In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, there is a requirement of innovative strategies to enhance nursing students’ learning transfer. Virtual Reality Simulation Problem-Based Learning (VRS-PBL) has been validated to be an advantageous strategy that can improve knowledge, clinical performance, and self-efficacy. We aimed to identify the effectiveness of VRS-PBL for improving nursing students’ neurologic examination. Methods: Data were collected in 2021. Seventy-six participants were recruited via the convenience sampling. Students in the control group underwent conventional lecture and demonstration of neurological assessment prior to practicum, whereas students in the experimental group underwent VRS-PBL once a week for 2 weeks (60 minutes per session). Results: Compared with the control group, the academic self-efficacy (t = -2.80, P = .007) and neurological examination performance (t = -11.62, P < .001) of the nursing students increased significantly in the experimental group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two groups of the transfer motivation (t = -1.76, P = .082). Conclusion: The nursing students integrated the knowledge and skills learned through VRS-PBL, and improved the effectiveness and efficiency of their learning. VRS-PBL that reflects various clinical situations can be used as a foundation for establishing effective teaching strategies to improve nursing competency from novice to expert nurses. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29421 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29421/8061

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2138 2147 Yujie Wang International Education College, Kaifeng University, Kaifeng, 475000, China 2023 07 28 2023 09 30 Background: A good family environment and rearing mode play important roles in children’s physical and psychological growth. This study aims to clarify the specific influence of early family nurturing environment on children’s emotional and social development through longitudinal observation to provide theoretical reference for promoting the healthy development of children’s bodies and minds. Methods: Overall, 1320 parents of children aged 2 to 6 yr old in Xinyang City, Henan Province in 2021, were selected by stratified sampling. The children’s physical and mental development, family rearing environment and emotional and social development were investigated by questionnaire. Results: 58.03% family rearing environment is good, 27.95% normal, and 14.02% bad. There were significant differences in positive rates of adaptive ability, social behavior, language, developmental quotient score and emotional sociality among children in different families (all P<0.05). Language/cognition was significantly positively correlated with adaptive ability, social behavior, language and developmental quotient (all P<0.05), and social adjustment/self-care was significantly positively correlated with adaptive ability, social behavior, language and developmental quotient (all P<0.05). Emotional warmth/environmental atmosphere was negatively correlated with implicit behavior and disorder and positively correlated with ability (all P<0.05). Language/cognition was positively correlated with explicit behavior and ability (all P<0.05). Social adjustment/self-care was negatively correlated with explicit behavior and positively correlated with ability (all P<0.05); Neglect/punishment was significantly negatively correlated with explicit behavior, implicit behavior and disorder and significantly positively correlated with ability (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The early family environment affects children’s physical, mental, emotional and social development. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32715 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32715/8062

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2148 2156 EN Rita Sunarno Vitamin D Supplementation and Sun Exposure Maintain Blood Pressures of Pregnant Women and Increase Birth Weight in a Randomized Controlled Trial Martha Kartasurya Public Health Nutrition Department, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Ari Suwondo Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Mohammad Rahfiludin Public Health Nutrition Department, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 2022 09 17 2022 12 28 Background: Vitamin D supplementation or sun exposure increase pregnant women’s Calcidiol levels, lower the blood pressures and increase birth weight. We aimed to compare the effects between sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on pregnant women’s Calcidiol levels, blood pressures and newborns’ anthropometric indices. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 108 pregnant women at 20 wk of gestation on 2021’s dry season in Semarang City, Indonesia. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups of 36 subjects (sunlight exposure, vitamin D supplement, and control). Vitamin D group received 1000 IU daily and sun exposure group was recommended to have 15–30 min for 3 times/week for 17 wk. Compliance was monitored every 2 d through home visits. Calcidiol levels, blood pressures, in all groups were compared before and after intervention. The increments and the newborn anthropometric indices were compared between the groups and controlled for confounding factors. Results: At baseline, all groups had vitamin D deficiency, different mean Calcidiol levels, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures. The mean Calcidiol levels increased in the sun exposure and vitamin D group after the intervention. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the vitamin D group only (P=0.019). The mean birth weight was the highest in the vitamin D group (3,172±181.8 g) compared to the sun exposure (3,091±362.5g) and control groups (2,861 ± 208.0 g). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure increased Calcidiol levels and birth weights. Vitamin D supplementation maintained systolic blood pressure. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29847 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29847/8063

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2157 2168 Ali Askari Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Poursadeghiyan Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Alimardan Alinia Department of HSE, MAPNA-Group, Tehran, Iran Arash Sephvand Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Atlantic International University, Hawaii, USA Emad Jafarzadeh Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jebraeil Nasl Saraji Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Salehi Sahlabadi Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Occupational Health and Safety at Work, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 24 2022 08 22 Background: Considering the necessity of health risk management, the present study conducted to provide a comprehensive model for identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing occupational health risks in an oilfield. Methods: We conducted this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study in 2022 at the North-Azadegan oil field in Iran. The occupational health risk was assessed using the "Harmful Agents Risk Priority Index" (HARPI) method. Results: Among the employees for the office section in all job groups, ergonomic risks due to people's posture while working has the highest risk score and is the most critical risk for implementing corrective actions. In the operational section, for the HSE group, benzene, the production group, Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs), and other groups, undesirable lighting has the highest risk score, and exposure to Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes (TEX) has the lowest risk score. In this oil field, controlling exposure to benzene, correcting ergonomic conditions, and controlling noise exposure, with scores of 81.3,74.85 and 71.36, have the highest priority, respectively. Sequentially, Toluene, Xylene, and ethylbenzene, with scores of 10.25,11.61, and 11.61, have the lowest control priority. Conclusion: The proposed model can prioritize the workplaces' harmful agents based on the HARPI score due to exposure to chemicals, physical factors, and analysis posture. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27620 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27620/8064

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2169 2178 Akbar Nikpajouh Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Feridoun Noohi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mokhtar Malakpour Shakhes Pajouh Research Institute of Engineering Natural Disaster, Faculty of Management, Tehran, Iran Majid Tajik Shakhes Pajouh Research Institute of Engineering Natural Disaster, Faculty of Management, Tehran, Iran Amir Mahmoudzadeh Shakhes Pajouh Research Institute of Engineering Natural Disaster, Faculty of Management, Tehran, Iran Peyman Moghadam Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Salesi Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Raei Life Style Institute, Military Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 02 2022 09 02 Background: Professional driving is associated with overworking, lack of physical activity, and high stress, which are susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).  We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in Iranian professional drivers. Methods: Overall, 132,452 drivers were included by census sampling methods and those who did not pass periodic examinations were excluded. Demographics and anthropometric data, including height and weight and the driver's blood pressure, were recorded. The criteria for hypertension assumed as the systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mm, and the criteria for prehypertension assumed as 120–129 systolic and < 80 mm Hg. In addition, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 is assumed as overweight, and BMI ≥ 30 is assumed as obesity. Results: Overall, 113,856 male drivers were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of HTN, pre-HTN, and abnormal blood pressure (HTN + pre-HTN) was calculated to be 14.2%, 57.4%, and 71.6%, respectively. Khuzestan, West Azerbaijan, and Yazd had the most prevalence of abnormal blood pressure. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abnormal weight (overweight + obesity) was calculated to be 50.9%, 22.6%, and 73.5%, respectively, and the northwest provinces had the highest prevalence of abnormal weight. Conclusion: Professional Iranian drivers have a high prevalence of abnormal blood pressure and weight associated with job-related risk factors. Preventive measures should be taken to confront a possible outbreak of CVDs in this population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27067 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27067/8065

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2179 2185 Shahriar Mohammadi Information Technology Group, Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Soraya Zarei Information Technology Group, Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Hossain Jabbari 1. Neurology Department, Penzing Teaching Hospital, Vienna, Austria 2. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 11 30 2023 01 22 Background: One of the negative effects of the COVID-19 illness, which has affected people all across the world, is Alzheimer's disease. Oblivion after COVID-19 has created a variety of issues for many people. Predicting this issue in COVID-19 patients can considerably lessen the severity of the problem. Methods: Alzheimer's disease was predicted in Iranian persons with COVID-19 in using three algorithms: Nave Bayes, Random Forest, and KNN. Data collected by private questioner from hospitals of Tehran Province, Iran, during Oct 2020 to Sep 2021. For ML models, performance is quantified using measures such as Precision, Recall, Accuracy, and F1-score. Results: The Nave Bayes, Random Forest algorithm has a prediction accuracy of higher than 80%. The predicted accuracy of the random forest algorithm was higher than the other two algorithms. Conclusion: The Random Forest algorithm outperformed the other two algorithms in predicting Alzheimer's disease in persons using COVID-19. The findings of this study could help persons with COVID-19 avoid Alzheimer's problems. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30519 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30519/8066

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2186 2195 EN Maryam Mousavi Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Hajizadeh Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Aliakbar Rasekhi Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shahpar Haghighat Department of Quality of Life, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 02 2022 09 10 Background: We used the multistate model to investigate how prognostic factors of breast cancer are seen to affect the disease process. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Motamed Cancer Institute of Tehran, Iran on 2363 breast cancer patients admitted from 1978 to 2017, and they were followed up until 2018. We applied the multistate models, including four states: diagnosis, recurrence, metastasis, and final absorbing mortality state. Results: Age over 50 years, positive lymph nodes and tumor size intensified the hazard of transition from diagnosis to metastasis (P=0.002, P<0.001 and P=0.001 respectively) and they also intensified the hazard of transition from diagnosis to mortality (P=0.010, P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). At the same time, the educational level decreased the hazard of mentioned transitions (P<0.001). Positive estrogen receptors reduced the hazard of transition from diagnosis to metastasis (P=0.007) and positive lymph nodes also intensified the hazard of transition from metastasis to mortality (P=0.040). Tumor size had an increasing role in the transitions from diagnosis to recurrence, recurrence to metastasis, and metastasis to mortality (P=0.014, P=0.018 and P=0.002 respectively). Conclusion: Multistate model presented the detailed effects of prognostic factors on progression of breast cancer. Implementing early diagnosis strategies and providing informational programs, especially in younger ages and lower educational level patients may be helpful in reducing the hazard of transition to higher states of breast cancer and increasing the survival of Iranian women with breast cancer by controlling tumor size growth, lymph nodes involvements and estrogen receptor status. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27355 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27355/8067

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2196 2206 EN Alireza Mirahmadizadeh Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Jafar Hassanzadeh Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Maryam Janfada Medical Records, Health Vice-Chancellor, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Habibollah Azarbakhsh Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2022 05 07 2022 09 24 Background: Traditionally, mortality rates are used to estimate public health problems and determine the relative significance of different causes of mortality, but they cannot necessarily determine the burden of premature death.  We aimed to investigate the 16-year trend of burden of premature mortality in Southern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all deaths due to various causes of death in Fars Province from the electronic population-based death registration system (EDRS) were obtained. Crude and age-standardized mortality rate, Years of Life Lost (YLL) and YLL rate data were calculated and to examine the trend, joinpoint regression was used.   Results: During the study period, 281,903 deaths occurred, of which, 59.85% (n=168,735) occurred in men. Also, 42.18% of these deaths (n=118,610) occurred due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The total number of YLLs due to premature death was 4,154,828 years. Of these, 2,591,564 years (62.37%) were in men. The highest number of YLL was due to CVDs, external causes of death and cancer. Trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing: the annual percent change (APC) was -2.1% (95% CI -2.6 to -1.6, P<0.001) for males, -0.9% (95% CI -1.4 to -0.4, P=0.002) (P=0.002) for females. Conclusion: Although the trend of premature death has been decreasing during the years of study, but the seven major causes of premature death in 2004 to 2019 were non-communicable diseases, especially ischemic heart diseases, stroke, external cause of morbidity, and cancer.  Furthermore, our findings indicate a change in the role of non-communic