Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 591 601 Fan YANG School for Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, P.R. CHINA D QIAN School for Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, P.R. CHINA Dan HU School for Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, P.R. CHINA 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: NCDs are the leading disease burdens in China and the NCDs risk factors shifts have accelerated at an unprecedented scale over the past 30 years. The aim of this study was to analysis the natural trajectories of NCDs risk factors over the life course. Methods: The large-scale longitudinal data from the CHNS includes nine rounds of surveys between 1989 and 2011. Overall, 145913 observations (29719 individuals) at multiple exams have been followed up over a 23-year period. The mixed-effects models with random intercepts were used to the characterize shifts in the distribution of these risk factors across the whole life course. Results: During about 23 years observational period across all age bands, the mean AMC, UAC, TSF, BMI, WC, DBP, SD, DD, and PA trajectory all increased until a certain age. Then decreased in both gender, whereas SBP strictly increased across lifespan; and the secular trend in AMC and WC, SBP, DBP was greater in women than in men; younger generations had higher AMC, UAC, TSF, BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, SBP, DBP levels across adulthood, whereas younger birth cohorts had lower SD, DD, and PA levels. Conclusion: We observed in a large and comprehensive longitudinal dataset that provided strong evidence of population-wide secular shifts from childhood onwards, which suggests that promoting healthier lifestyles, body weight, blood pressure and enhancing the primary practitioner’s capability should be required to reduce the burden of NCDs in China.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9905 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9905/5702

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 585 590 Shahram YAZDANI Dept. of Medical Education, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam AKBARILAKEH Dept. of Medical Education, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: This study provided the theoretical basis for program development through a new conceptualization of the concept of family physician related health care. Methods: Critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) was used to carry out qualitative analysis and synthesis of the literature from 2006 until 2015. At the beginning of CIS, the search strategy was designed to access electronic databases such as CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Embase, EBMreviews, and Thomson scientific web of science database. The main review question was the clarification of the health care related to family physician in health system, which produced over related 750 articles; 60 articles related to the research objective were studied by purposive sampling. After identifying the main categories and sub-categories, synthesis of the contradictory findings in different studies was conducted. New concepts and relationships between concepts were created using CIS of documentation related to the place of family physician in health system. Results: To define the original position of family physician in health system, clarify its related health care and determine its boundaries from other health care providers, and its use in the design and development of family physician’s educational program, a frame of concepts related to the main concept and question was created. A more useful means of understanding family physician is offered by the synthetic constructs of this framework. Conclusion: The theoretical conceptualization of family physician position and duties in the health system can be an appropriate guide for educational program and curricula in our context.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9903 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9903/5701

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 705 707 So-Youn AN Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, South Republic of Korea Ki Seok HONG Perio-Implant Research Center, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, South Republic of Korea Jong-Tae PARK Dept. of Oral Anatomy, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, South Republic of Korea 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Comparison of Gene-expression Profiles between Normal and Periodontitis-affected Tissues https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9921 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9921/5719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 699 704 Sharareh ESKANDARIEH Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pouria HEYDARPOUR MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyedeh-Robab ELHAMI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali SAHRAIAN MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Tehran is the capital of Iran with an increasing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) incidence. A retrospective population-based study was conducted to evaluate the status of MS prevalence and MS incidence trends in Tehran Province, Iran. Methods: A population-based study was conducted from 1991 to 2014 in Tehran Province, the capital city of Iran based on Iranian MS Society (IMSS) registry system. A structured questionnaire design to cover the important epidemiological variables, related at the individual level for MS. A Monte Carlo Permutation method was utilized to test whether the apparent change in MS trends during 1991-2014 was statistically significant. Results: MS incidence was significantly increased during our study period. The annual percent change (APC) was 12.8% in women during 1991 to 2004 and 12.5% in men during the same period. The point prevalence of MS was 101.39 per 100000 populations in 2014. The age-adjusted prevalence rates were 134.03 and for male patients were 42.45 per 100000. Conclusion: MS prevalence and incidence in Tehran are markedly rising, it is crucial to elucidate the causes of the increasing trends and implement efficient policies lowering disease burden.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9920 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9920/5718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 602 607 Radhika Kalyani KOMMALAPATI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Deepthi KATURI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, St. Joseph’s Dental College, Elur, Andhra Pradesh, India Kiran Kumar KATTAPPAGARI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Lalith Prakash Chandra KANTHETI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Rajasekhar Babu MURAKONDA Practitioner, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Chandra Sekhar POOSARLA Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Ravi Teja CHITTURI Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Sridhar Reddy GONTU Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sibar, Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Venkata Ramana Reddy BADDAM Sibar Health and Research Foundation, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Forensic odontology plays important role in identification of human remains in mass disasters such as air crash, tsunami, and accidents. Palatal rugae act as an ideal requisite for human identification as they are present in all victims and are resistant to changes such as aging and trauma. The study aimed to analyze differences in shape and number of palatal rugae in population from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Methods: This study was conducted in SIBAR institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India in 2012 on 200 subjects, gender matched and equally divided as 100 from Andhra Pradesh and 100 from Telangana states. Rugae were studied using Kapali.S classification. Association between rugae shape and gender variation between the two populations were tested by chi-square analysis and student t-test.                               Results: Average number of rugae was more (11.84±3.03) in subjects of Andhra Pradesh, compared to Telangana (9.50 ±1.65) population. Males of Andhra Pradesh showed significantly higher mean number of total rugae than in Telangana males. Distribution of total number of different rugae shapes in males and females of both the populations showed significant variation in wavy and circular rugae patterns. Wavy, curved and straight rugae were significantly higher in males and females of Andhra Pradesh compared to Telangana population. Telangana population showed significant increase in circular rugae. Conclusion: Our study revealed statistically significant variation in shape and total number of rugae between observed populations of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9906 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9906/5703

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 708 710 Harapan HARAPAN Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Tropical Disease Center, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia AND Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Alma ALLETA Dept. of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Samsul ANWAR Dept. of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Abdul M. SETIAWAN Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Socio-demographic Factors Associated with Inhabitants’ View Related to Vaccines in Indonesia https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9922 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9922/5720

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 608 611 Xu-Dong DING Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China Jing ZHONG Dept. of Ultrasound Imaging,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China Yan-Ping LIU Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China Hua-Xian CHEN Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: We aimed to study the curative effects of botulinum A toxin (BTX-A) on the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia (PNH). Methods: We enrolled 58 PNH patients and treated them with hypodermic injection of BTX-A in Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China. We measured and compared the Visual Analog Score (VAS), Neuropathy Pain Scale (NPS), Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) score, PNH seizure severity degree, seizure duration, frequency of attack and the use of painkillers before and after treatment. We used SPSS13 software package for statistical analysis. Values were expressed by mean± standard deviation. P<0.05 indicated a significant difference and P<0.01 indicated an obvious significant difference. Results: Attack frequency, attack duration and attack severity were all significantly lower after treatment (P<0.01). The use of painkillers reduced after treatment (P<0.01) and we observed very few adverse reactions associated with BTX-A injection. Conclusion: The use of BTX-A for treating post-herpetic neuralgia produced very promising results with very few adverse reactions. BTX-A can be considered as a valid approach in the treatment of PNH, especially in patients that do not respond well to painkillers.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9907 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9907/5704

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 711 712 Yu Qiao MA Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Yan Lin CHEN Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Xiao Fang LI Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Chen Yang BIAN Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Li Na TANG Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Si Jin MENG Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, Wuhan, P.R. China Yi Zhen YU Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Treadmill Measurement of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in  Untrained Students Aged 9-18 Year https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9923 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9923/5721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 612 619 Ioana SCROBOTĂ Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania AND Dept. of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania AND Dept. of Radiobiology and Tumour Biology, ”Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, România Grigore BĂCIUȚ Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania Adriana Gabriela FILIP Dept. of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Bianca TODOR Dept. of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Florin BLAGA Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Mihaela Felicia BĂCIUȚ Dept. of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: The mapping of the malignization mechanism is still incomplete, but oxidative stress is strongly correlated to carcinogenesis. In our research, using fuzzy logic, we aimed to estimate the oxidative stress related-cancerization risk of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Methods: Serum from 16 patients diagnosed (clinical and histopathological) with oral potentially malignant disorders (Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, ”Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania) was processed fluorometric for malondialdehyde and proton donors assays (Dept. of Physiology,”Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania). The values were used as inputs, they were associated linguistic terms using MIN-MAX method and 25 IF-THEN inference rules were generated to estimate the output value, the cancerization risk appreciated on a scale from 1 to 10 - IF malondialdehyde is very high and donors protons are very low THEN the cancer risk is reaching the maximum value (Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania) (2012-2014). Results: We estimated the cancerization risk of the oral potentially malignant disorders by implementing the multi-criteria decision support system based on serum malondialdehyde and proton donors' values. The risk was estimated as a concrete numerical value on a scale from 1 to 10 depending on the input numerical/linguistic value. Conclusion: The multi-criteria decision support system proposed by us, integrated into a more complex computerized decision support system, could be used as an important aid in oral cancer screening and establish future medical decision in oral potentially malignant disorders.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9909 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9909/5705

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 713 714 Ammar NH ALBUJEER Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain AND Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq Abbas TAHER Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq AND Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Dental Education and Oral Health Service in Iraq https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9928 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9928/5722

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 620 625 Chun Mei WANG Bright New District Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Xiao Jing ZHANG Dept. of Pathology, Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Ying Jun MA Bright New District Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Xia LI Bright New District Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Mitochondria are autonomous cellular organelles that oversee a variety of functions such as metabolism, energy production, calcium buffering, and cell fate determination. Most recently, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial mutations played important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the frequency of mitochondrial tRNA mutations in asthma is largely unknown. Methods: Overall, 200 patients with asthma and 100 healthy control subjects were recruited between Jan 2015 and Dec 2015 at the Guangming New District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. We first performed PCR amplification of the mitochondrial tRNA genes and subsequently sequenced the PCR products, and we used the pathogenicity scoring system to evaluate the potential role of these mutations. Results: Two patients carrying the tRNAThr G15927A mutation, three patients carrying the tRNAAla T5655C mutation and one patient carrying the tRNAGlu A14693G mutation, these mutations were absent in healthy controls. Moreover, these mutations located at positions highly conserved between different species, and may cause a failure in mitochondrial tRNA metabolism, consequently result in mitochondrial dysfunction that responsible for asthma. In addition, the pathogenicity scoring system showed that these mutations should be regarded as “pathogenic”. Conclusion: Mitochondrial tRNA mutations caused the mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Thus, this study provided novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying mitochondrial tRNA mutations in asthma. Moreover, screening for the mitochondrial tRNA mutations was advised for the diagnosis of patients with asthma.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9910/5706

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 715 716 Amjad MIRANI International Campus, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kourosh HOLAKOUIE-NAIENI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza MAJDZADEH Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad NEMATOLLAHI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saima BAIG Dept. of Media Studies Social Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Pakistan 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Polio Vaccination of the https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9924 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9924/5723

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 626 633 Shazia IRFAN Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Asima RANI Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Naila RIAZ Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Muhammad ARSHAD Principal, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus, Lahore, Pakistan Syed KASHIF NAWAZ Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Exposure to heavy metals in development of many diseases has been investigated previously, specially created by oxidative stress. The etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still not fully understood but oxidative stress created by heavy metals may have role in development of RA. The aim of present study was to compare serum level of heavy metals in RA and healthy control individuals. Methods: Blood samples of 100 RA patients were collected from different hospitals in district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan and 100 control individuals from Dec 2013 to May 2014.The serum samples were analyzed for determination of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni through Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 6600 Shimadzu). Results: Statistically highly significant difference was observed between RA patients and healthy control individuals for Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni level (P<0.01). The difference between the means of both sexes was not significant for Pb and Cd concentrations (P>0.01). For Cr the difference between the means of both sexes was statistically not significant in RA +ve patients and highly significant difference was observed between both sexes in healthy control group (P<0.01). The difference between the means of both sexes for Ni was statistically non-significant in healthy control group while significant difference was observed between both sexes in RA +ve group (P<0.05). Statistically non-significant difference for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni level was found among the all three age groups of RA and healthy control individuals (P>0.01). Conclusion: Concentration of heavy metals in serum samples of RA patients and healthy control individuals differ significantly, which shows that heavy metals may contributes towards development of RA.   Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Heavy metals, Serum, Pakistan   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9911 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9911/5707

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 717 718 Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shahab REZAEIAN Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Challenges of Achieving Tuberculosis Elimination by 2050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9925 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9925/5724

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 634 639 Lingna SUN Dept. of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China Yan Yu Dept. of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China Xiaoxia QI Dept. of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: We aimed to evaluate an approach to induced abortions during early pregnancies that controls the suction pressure and restricts the duration of the procedure. Methods: Three hundred patients programmed for induced early pregnancy abortions, hospitalized in the Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child care Hospital from October 2013 to October 2015, were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either research or control group. In the research group, operation pressure was controlled at 400 mmHg and operation time in the uterine cavity was kept at less than 75 s. In the control group, pressure ranged from 400-500 mmHg. Clinical variables were recorded for each patient until the fourth month after surgery, correlation and multivariate analyses were carried. Results: Compared with control group, anesthesia and intervention durations and the suction pressure were significantly lower and the endometrial thickness of the first late follicular phase after operation was significantly larger in the research group (P<0.05). In the first postoperative month, the number of patients who reported menstruation flow decreased by more than 1/3 of its normal volume was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). In the third postoperative month, the thickness of the late follicular phase endometrium was significantly larger than that in the control group (P<0.001). The mean intraoperative pressure and intrauterine operation duration both influenced the endometrial thickness of follicular phase. Conclusion: Controlling the suction pressure and time for vacuum aspiration abortions during early pregnancies can reduce the incidence of intrauterine adhesions and better protect the endometrium.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9912 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9912/5709

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 719 720 Reza DEHNAVIEH Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hamed RAHIMI Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Basic Health Insurance Package in Iran: Revision Challenges https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9926 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9926/5725

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 640 649 Fatemeh ZAREI Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahnaz SOLHI Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Effat MERGHATI-KHOEI Iranian National Center of Addiction Studies (INCAS), Sexual and Family Health Division, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein TAGHDISI Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davoud SHOJAEIZADEH Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ann Rosemary TAKET Center for Health Through Action on Social Exclusion, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Razieh MASOOMI Dept. of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Divorce, especially in women, could be assessed from socio-cultural perspective as well as psychological viewpoint. This assessment requires cultural adopted as well as valid and reliable questionnaire. This study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a questionnaire in order to address social consequences in Iranian divorced women. Methods: This was an exploratory mixed method study conducted during 2012 to 2014. According to the grounded theory approach in the first phase, social exclusion was extracted as a core of understanding process in participants. Based on, 47 preliminary generated items reliability and validity were assessed. In the second phase, the divorced women were recruited from a safe community center in Tehran through convenience sampling. Results: Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the questionnaires of 150 divorced women with mean age 41.76±8.49 yr, in that, indicated five dimensions, discriminative marital status, economic dependence on marital status, exclusionary marital status, and traumatic marital status health risks and, frightening marital status that jointly accounted for the 64% of the variance observed. An expert panel approved the face and content validity of the developed tool. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient were found to be 0.70 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provided a valid and reliable measure as Social Exclusion Questionnaire in Iranian divorced women (SEQ-IDW) to address social post-divorce consequences, which might help to improve women’s social health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9913 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9913/5710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 721 723 Peyman REZAEI-HACHESU Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Heaty of Technology, Xi'an, China 2. Center for Youth Development Research, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China Ling Zhang Center for Youth Development Research, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China 2023 07 05 2023 08 06 Background: Competition among countries becomes fiercer with progress in globalization. As the future and hope of national development, the youth are undertaking intensifying competitive pressures. More youths suffer psychological health issues, such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), depression, and aggressive behaviors. What are the relationships among suicidal self-injury, aggression, and depression? There’s few systematic study on these two aspects yet. Thus, we examined the relationship between aggression and NSSI in youths, as well as the mediating effects of depression in such a relationship. Methods: A total of 770 youths (comprising university students, community youths and rural migrant workers) in Zhejiang, Anhui and Henan in China were investigated from August to December 2022 by using the aggression scale, NSSI scale, and depression scale. The relationship among aggression, NSSI and depression in youths was discussed through a t-test, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: With respect to abuse experiences during childhood, parental emotional status and family conditions, the total scores in aggression, NSSI, and depression of youths differed significantly (P<0.05). A significantly positive correlation existed between aggression and NSSI of youths (r=0.41, P<0.01), a significantly positive correlation existed between aggression and depression (r=0.42, P<0.01), and a significantly positive correlation exists between NSSI and depression (r=0.42, P<0.01). Aggression of youths had not only direct and positive prediction effects on NSSI (B=0.41, P<0.001) but also indirect effects on NSSI through depression. Conclusion: Aggression, NSSI and depression of youths were influenced significantly by abuse experiences during childhood, parental emotional status and family conditions. Depression has partial mediating effects between aggression and NSSI in youths. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32562 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32562/8014

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1613 1625 EN Mirghani Seyed Someah Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Farideh Golbabaei 1. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Arjomandi Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Farzam Babaei Semiromi Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohammadi Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2022 04 13 2022 12 21 Background: Asbestos is one of the most important environmental and occupational carcinogens. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which asbestos fiber exposure causes chronic diseases are not fully understood. We performed the first systematic review on the epidemiological evidence to examine the association between occupational exposure to asbestos and oxidative stress and DNA damage. Methods: In this systematic review study, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for English-language publications. Eleven cross-sectional studies were included in the systematic review. A literature search was conducted by the main keywords including "Asbestos", "crocidolite", "chrysotile", "amphibole", "amosite", "Oxidative Stress", "DNA Damage", and "DNA injury". To evaluate the quality of studies, the "Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale" (NOS) was used. Results: Overall, 1235 articles were achieved by searching in databases. Finally, by considering the inclusion, and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were conducted for this study. These studies were published between 1986 and 2020. Oxidative stress and DNA damage can occur in exposure to asbestos. Among various biomarkers, 8-OHdG is the best. The analysis of 8-oxodG in asbestos workers can help identify subjects with a higher level of genotoxic damage. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that oxidative stress and DNA damage are two main outputs of asbestos exposure. Therefore, oxidative stress and DNA damage biomarkers can be used for identifying subjects at higher risk of cancer. These findings support policy initiatives aimed at detecting and eliminating asbestos fiber exposure and preventing potential health hazards in occupational settings. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28441 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28441/8005

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1720 1729 Zhicheng Pan General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Huazhong Yun General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Yun Xiao General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Fei Tong General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Guodong Liu General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Ge Zhang General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Jianbo Han General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China 2023 01 26 2023 04 07 Background: In order to explore new targets for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), we investigated the regulatory mechanism of miR-934 in the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. Results: GC tissues and cell lines showed notably higher levels of miR-934. Overexpression of miR-934 promoted cell viability, migration and invasion, while inhibited cell apoptosis of GC cells. ZFP36 was predicted and verified to be the target of miR-934 and low protein levels of ZFP36 were observed in GC tissues. The ZFP36 protein expressions were suppressed by miR-934 overexpression, while were facilitated by miR-934 inhibition. Furthermore, the carcinogenic functions of miR-934 were partially reversed after ZFP36 overexpression. The results of in vivo experiments further demonstrated that miR-934 promoted tumor growth and repressed the protein expression of ZFP36. Conclusion: miR-934 served as a tumor promoter in GC via targeting ZFP36, and ZFP36 overexpression could efficiently relieve malignant phenotypes caused by miR-934, which prompted an exploitable molecular target for GC treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30977 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30977/8015

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1626 1641 EN Ehsan Jamshidian University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences Elahe Hojati Abed PhD in Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elahe Fathi Azar MSc in Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mozhdeh Hashemzadeh PhD Candidate in Medical Librarianship and Information Science, Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Clinical Informationist Research Group, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Hooshang Mirzaie PhD in Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Sourtiji Assistant professor, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2022 06 28 2022 12 21 Background: Autism is a lifelong condition that seriously affects many aspects of children's and families' lives. The experience attained by living with a child with autism can be a valuable source of information to provide support and satisfactory services to children with autism and their families. We aimed to investigate the lived experiences of Iranian parents of children with autism. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, PsychInfo, SID, and Magiran until Nov 2021. Two reviewers screened the articles, applied inclusion criteria, critically evaluated articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and extracted study details according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze included studies.  Results: From 2772 articles in the initial search, sixteen studies entered the final analysis. Four themes emerged, including treatment-related lived experience, individual lived experience, social lived experience, and occupational lived experience. Iranian parents of children with autism are confronted with negative experiences, including inaccurate diagnostic processes, lack of adequate support at the diagnosis time, low-quality treatment, psychological problems, and concern about the child's future. Also, Parent's experiences showed family problems, stigma, and problems with doing occupations. Conclusion: Practitioners, policy-makers, and regulatory organizations should urgently consider issues mentioned in the parents' experiences to provide proper healthcare services for children with autism and their families.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29128 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29128/8006

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1730 1738 Raziyeh Zareh-Khoshchehreh 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Vahid Salimi 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghazal Sadat Fatemi Nasab 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Naseri Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Adjami Nezhad Fard 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat Mokhtari Azad 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 06 20 2023 01 22 Background: Despite decreasing the global burden of measles disease after the introduction of vaccination, measles remains one of the most devastating childhood diseases. Since genotype B3 is reported as a predominant Measles Virus (MeV) genotype recently, the current study aimed to better understand MeV genetic variation by analyzing the complete sequence of Hemagglutinin (H) gene associated with outbreaks of circulated genotypes in Iran. Methods: Nine positive measles specimens were selected from three circulated different genotypes H1, B3, and D4. Two different regions of MeV RNA were detected by RT-PCR assay. Sequence data and phylogenetic trees were analyzed and constructed by MEGA X software program. Moreover, missense and silent mutations in critical positions of the MeV-H protein were investigated. Results: The result of phylogenetic analysis from the C-terminus of the Nucleoprotein gene (NP-450) and the complete H gene revealed that the mean sequence diversity was 0.06%-0.08% and 0.04%, respectively. Genotype H1 had the highest mutation in this study; however, the substitutions in genotype B3 fundamentally occurred in critical epitopes. Moreover, genotype D4 was more stable than genotypes B3 and H1. Conclusion: Mutations were investigated in the whole sequence of H protein. Moreover, the mutations that occur in the critical sites of the protein have an important effect on the pathogenicity of the virus. In this way, we were able to illustrate why genotype B3 is more transmissible than other measles genotypes and is the most important circulating genotype around the world. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21197 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21197/8016

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1642 1655 Farzaneh Kermani Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mehdi Kahouei 1. Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Ali Valinejadi 1. Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Malihe Sadeghi Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Marjan Momeni School of Rehabilitation, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Shahrbanoo Pahlevanynejad Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2022 03 13 2022 12 09 Background: Integration of healthcare services for preterm neonates at home and hospital by mobile technology is an economical and convenient intervention, which is being increasingly applied worldwide. We aimed to classify the outcomes of mobile applications tailored to parents of premature infants. Methods: This