Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 475 484 Yeunhee KWAK Faculty of Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ji-Su KIM Faculty of Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Despite growing interest in the public health of sexual minority, youth around the world due to the high rates of suicidal ideation and attempts in this population, few studies on the sexual orientation of Korean adolescents have been conducted. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the sexual orientation of Korean adolescents and their suicide-related behavior. Methods: Raw data from the tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The sample consisted of 3603 adolescents who provided selected demographic variables and reported on their experience of sexual intercourse with the same or the opposite sex, along with lifestyle and suicide-related behaviors. Results: Rates of suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, and medically serious attempts were higher in both homosexual and bisexual than heterosexual groups. Suicidal ideation (odds ratio 95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.08), suicidal plans (odds ratio 95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.09), and suicide attempts (odds ratio 95% confidence interval: 1.28–2.88) had the strongest associations with homosexuality after multivariate adjustment. In contrast, bisexuality was only significantly associated with suicidal attempts (odds ratio 95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.97) after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion: Effective suicide prevention interventions are required for homosexual and bisexual adolescents, in the form of targeted programs to improve their mental health status and ability to cope with stress.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9755 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9755/5626

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 435 446 Sayyed Morteza HOSSEINI SHOKOUH Dept. of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara EMAMGHOLIPOUR Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali MONTAZERI Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Rouhollah ZABOLI Dept. of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: There are several conflicting conceptual models to explain social determinants of health (SDH) as responsible for most health inequalities. This study aimed to present these models in historical perspective and provide main component of SDH models as an SES indicators. Methods: This was a narrative study using international databases to retrieve literature dealing with conceptual models of SDH. All publication in English language until Mar 2015 was included. The CASP and PRISMA were used to summarize the literature. Results: Overall, 248 publications were retrieved and screened. After exclusion of irrelevant and duplicates, 94 citations were found to be relevant and 21 publications included in this review. In general, 21 models of SDH were found: some models presented before year 1995(n=4), some models presented between 1995 and 2005 (n=13) and some models presented after 2005 (n=4). However, we found three categories of indicators that contribute to SDH models and that were classic factors, fixed and demographic factors and proxy factors. Conclusion: Reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in health requires understanding of mechanisms and causal pathways; therefore, every country needs to design the specific model. As the available models are for developed countries, lack of a specific model for developing ones is tangible. As there is no gold standard related to SES indicators, therefore, it is proposed to use the various indicators based on life course approach, which leads to understanding and adopting effective policy interventions.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9751 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9751/5622

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 560 564 Masoumeh RAZIPOUR Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Daniz KOOSHAVAR Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elaheh ALAVINEJAD Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyede Zahra SAJEDI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Neda MOHAJER Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aria SETOODEH Dept. of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeed TALEBI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KERAMATIPOUR Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism with an autosomal recessive inheritance caused in most cases by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. PKU has wide allelic heterogeneity. Here we report a novel heterozygous substitution (c.1223G>T (p.Arg408Leu)) in the PAH gene in an Iranian PKU family. The patient was 19-yr-old female with diagnosis of moderate PKU referred to Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran for genetic counseling/analysis in April 2015. We used PCR-Sequencing to identify any sequence variations in the PAH gene.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9767 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9767/5663

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 565 567 Yu-Ri CHOI Dept. of Dental Hygiene, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Youn-Soo SHIM Dept. of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, Asan, Republic of Korea Sun-Ok JANG Dept. of Dental Hygiene, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Seoul-Hee NAM Dept. of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea Gyeong-Soon HAN Dept. of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Awareness and Work Changes of Dental Hygienists about Newly Covering Health Insurance Benefit for Scaling https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9768/5664

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 485 490 Lanlan ZHOU Dept. of Hematology and Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China Mingjun WANG Dept. of Hematology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong , China Aping LI Dept. of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Haiyang City, Haiyang, Shandong, China 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is commonly used in nursing for patients with leukemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of Catheter-related infection (CRI) in patients with leukemia and to provide some nursing strategies based on the results. Methods: Clinical data from 140 patients with leukemia between May 2014 and July 2016 in Haiyang People's Hospital, China were retrospectively analyzed. We employed univariate analysis to explore the relationship of various factors, including leukemia types, puncture times, underlying diseases, Catheter indwelling time, hormones use, chemotherapy use, immune functions and seasons, with the incidence of CRI. Further, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the potential independent risk factors of CRI. Bacterial culture was performed for etiological detection. Results: Among the 140 patients with leukemia, 25 cases were diagnosed as CRI, with the incidence of 17.9%. Univariate analysis showed that puncture times, underlying diseases, catheter indwelling time, hormones use, chemotherapy use, immune functions and seasons were significantly correlated with the incidence of CRI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that immune functions, puncture times and seasons were independent risk factors for CRI. Etiological bacterial culture detected 20 strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus: n=10, Klebsiella pneumonia: n=4, Corynebacterium: n=2 and other species: n=4) in 25 cases diagnosed with CRI. Conclusion: Based on risk factors of CRI and its etiological distribution, appropriate nursing measures can be taken to reduce the incidence of CRI in patients with leukemia.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9756 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9756/5627

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 447 455 Ahmad MOOSAVI Dept. of Health and Community Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Mohammad MOHSENI Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hajar ZIAIIFAR Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saber AZAMI-AGHDASH Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mahdi GHARASI MANSHADI Dept. of Health Services Administration, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Aziz REZAPOUR Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Students' view is an important factor in assessing the quality of universities. Servqual pattern is regarded as the most prominent for services quality measurement. This study aimed to review systematically studies that investigated the quality of educational services. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating students’ viewpoint about quality of educational services were conducted. Required data were collected from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex, without time restriction. Computer software CMA, ver. 2 was applied to estimate the total mean score of students’ perception and expectation of services quality and the gap between them. Results: The 18 eligible studies were entered into study. The studies were conducted between 2004 and 2014. Based on the random effect model, the total mean score of students’ perception, students’ expectation and the gap between them were estimated 2.92 (95% CI, 2.75 - 3.09), 4.18 (95% CI, 3.98 - 4.38), respectively and -1.30 (95% CI= -1.56, -1.04). Conclusion: The studied students' expectation level is higher than the current quality of educational services. There is a tangible difference between their expectations and the current quality, which requires officials' efforts to improve quality in all dimensions and effective steps can be taken towards improving the quality of educational services through appropriate training planning and training for empowering employees in colleges and universities.   Keywords: Servqual, Services quality, Student, Meta-analysis, Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9752 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9752/5623

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 568 570 Vasile Mircea ZĂGREANU Emergency County Hospital, Baia Mare, Romania Dana POP University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Mihnea ZDRENGHEA University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Adela SITAR-TAUT University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Bogdan CALOIAN University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Dumitru Tudor ZDRENGHEA University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Plasmatic Levels of N-terminal Pro-BNP in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9769 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9769/5665

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 491 499 Sengul SISE Dept. of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Cevdet UGUZ Dept. of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Human breast milk is the most important food for infants and one of the main roads to exposure to toxic substances. In this study, nonylphenol (NP) levels in human milk samples collected from Turkish mothers (n=100) were determined, and the factors including mothers’ demographics, eating habits, obstetric histories, and usage of cleaning and cosmetic products were examined. Methods: Participants were mothers of randomly selected infants and toddlers from the Primary Health Care Center Number-8 in Afyonkarahisar City in western Turkey. The concentrations of NP in milk samples were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: All the analyzed samples showed the occurrence of NP at levels up to 47 ng/ml. The mean± SE and the median NP concentrations were 10.1±0.98 ng/ml and 8.46 ng/ml or ppb, respectively. A negative correlation with infant age was observed. There was a significant correlation between fresh fish consumption and the level of NP in the breast milk of mothers. No significant association between body mass index (BMI) and the NP level in human milk of mothers was observed. The mothers who were using excessive cleaning products in comparison to those using less had significantly higher NP in their breast milk. Conclusion: This study provides the first report about NP levels in a population and characterizes individual variation, thus giving a measure of exposed infants through breastfeeding in Turkey.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9757 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9757/5628

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 456 467 Sahar DALVAND Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Seyed Hassan NIKSIMA Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza MESHKANI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza GHANEI GHESHLAGH Dept. of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Sahar SADEGH-NEJADI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Wesam KOOTI Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Naser PARIZAD Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hossein ZAHEDNEZHAD Dept. of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza AFRISHAM Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the major risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in different populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MetS among Iranian population. Methods: Thirty-four cross-sectional studies were analyzed with a sample of 83227 people. National and international English electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus) and Persian language databases (SID, Medlib, Iran medex, Magiran, Medlib, and IranDoc) were used to search the articles published on MetS in Iranian population from Jan 2005 to May 2016. The MetS diagnosis was performed according to the ATP-III, NCEP/ATP-III, IDF and WHO criteria. Results: The overall weighted prevalence of MetS was 31% (95% CI: 28-35). According to ATP III criteria, total and gender-stratified prevalence of MetS in women and men were 29% (95% CI: 22-36), 37% (95% CI: 26-48) and 29% (95% CI: 23-36), respectively. Total prevalence of MetS based on NCEP/ATP III criteria was 29% (95% CI: 24-35) that the prevalence was 24% (95% CI: 18-30) and 35% (95% CI: 25-44) in men and women, respectively. According to the IDF and WHO criteria, total prevalence of MetS were 38% (95% CI: 32-43) and 30% (95% CI: 7-53), respectively. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate an emerging high prevalence of MetS in total and in particular among Iranian women population. Therefore, to minimize the risk of cardiovascular events in Iranian population, screening and early detection of risk factors for MetS are required.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9753 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9753/5624

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 571 573 Burcu GÖKÇE ÇOKAL Dept. of Neurology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Tahir KURTULUŞ YOLDAŞ Dept. of Neurology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Selda KESKİN GÜLER Dept. of Neurology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Murat KEKİLLİ Dept. of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Faruk PİRİNÇCİOĞLU Dept. of Neurology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Hafize NALAN GÜNEŞ Dept. of Neurology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Noncirrhotic Portal Vein Thrombosis Presenting with Hepatic Encephalopathy Due to Polycythemia Vera and MRI Findings https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9770 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9770/5666

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 500 505 Huifang ZHANG Hemodialysis Room, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China Chongting LIN Hemodialysis Room, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China Songbo YUAN Administrative Office, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China Qinghua WANG School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China Jiangcheng YANG Dept. of Nephrology, Haiyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haiyang, Shandong, China 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: We aimed to observe the effect of holistic nursing on patients undergoing hematodialysis for uremia who simultaneously were suffering from moderate to severe malnutrition. Methods: Eighty patients with uremia on maintenance hematodialysis with malnutrition between June 2014 and June 2015 from Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China were included and equally and randomly were divided into the control group (n=43) and observation group (n=43). Routine nursing was used in the control group while holistic nursing was used in observation group (before, during and after dialysis) and the clinical effects in the two groups were compared after 3 months. Results: At follow-up visits, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of the patients in the two groups were decreased, whereas hemoglobin and albumin levels were increased. In addition, these improvements were greater in the observation group and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, during follow-up visits, MQSGA and MIS scores of the two groups were lower and the scores of the observation group were lower than those in the control group were, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Holistic nursing is able to improve significantly malnutrition in patients with uremia on hematodialysis.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9758 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9758/5629

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 468 474 Afsaneh KERAMAT Dept. of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Masud YOUNESIAN Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad GHOLAMI FESHARAKI Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Maryam HASANI Dept. of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Samaneh MIRZAEI Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham EBRAHIMI Dept. of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Seyed Moaed ALAVIAN Research Center for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh MOHAMMADI Dept. of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: We aimed to explore whether maternal asymptomatic hepatitis B (HB) infection effects on pre-term rupture of membranous (PROM), stillbirth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, or antepartum hemorrhage. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and ISI web of science from 1990 to Feb 2015. In addition, electronic literature searches supplemented by searching the gray literature (e.g., conference abstracts thesis and the result of technical reports) and scanning the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews. We explored statistical heterogeneity using the, I2 and tau-squared (Tau2) statistical tests. Results: Eighteen studies were included. Preterm rupture of membranous (PROM), stillbirth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension and antepartum hemorrhage were considerable outcomes in this survey. The results showed no significant association between inactive HB and these complications in pregnancy. The small amounts of P-value and chi-square and large amount of I2 suggested the probable heterogeneity in this part, which we tried to modify with statistical methods such as subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Inactive HB infection did not increase the risk of adversely mentioned outcomes in this study. Further, well-designed studies should be performed to confirm the results.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9754 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9754/5625

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 574 576 Xiaowei FENG Dept. of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China Meihuan XIANG Dept. of Integrated, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China Xiuna HUANG Dept. of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China Xiaomei FENG Outpatient Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China Xiaoling FENG Dept. of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 The Application of Clinical Nursing Pathway in the  Classification Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with  Emergency Dyspnea https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9771 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9771/5667

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 506 516 Masoumeh SADEGHI Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Ali Akbar HAGHDOOST Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Abbas BAHRAMPOUR Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohsen DEHGHANI Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Estimating the burden of non-communicable diseases particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) is essential for health management and policymaking. In this paper, we used a regression model to estimate the future impact of demographic changes on the burden of CVD in Iran during the next two decades. Methods: Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were used to estimate the future burden of CVD in Iran. A regression model was used to estimate DALY caused by CVD in the Iranian population aged 30–100 yr, stratified by age group and sex. The predicted population of Iranians aged ≥ 30 yr was entered into the model and DALY were calculated over 2005-2025. To assess the areas of uncertainty in the model, we did sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation. Results: In the year 2005, there were 847309 DALYs caused by CVD in Iranian adults aged ≥ 30 yr. This figure will nearly be 1728836 DALYs in 2025. In other words, just because of the aging, DALY related to CVD will increase more than two-fold in 2025 compared with 2005. The burden of CVD was higher in men (443235) than in women (404235) in 2005; but in 2025, the difference will be less (867639 vs. 861319). Conclusion: The burden of CVD will increase steeply in Iran over 2005–2025, mainly because of the aging population. Therefore, more attention is needed to deal with the impact of CVD in the following decades in Iran.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9759 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9759/5630

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 577 578 Gordana MIHAJLOVIC Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia AND Clinic of Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia Miljanka VUKSANOVIC Clinic of Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia Nebojsa DESPOTOVIC Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia AND Clinic of Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia Maja NIKOLIC-DESPOTOVIC Clinic of Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia Predrag ERCEG Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia AND Clinic of Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia Dragoslav P. MILOSEVIC Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia AND Clinic of Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia Tomislav JOVANOVIC Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Thyroid Dysfunction in the Elderly with Hearth Failure https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9772 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9772/5668

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 517 524 Nazila FATHI MAROUFI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Amir GHORBANIHAGHJO Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Manizheh SAYYAH MELLI Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Maryam VAEZI Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Zohreh HEKMATI AZAR MEHRABANI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Maryam BANNAZADEH AMIRKHIZ Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Nadereh RASHTCHIZADEH Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Pregnancy Associated Osteoporosis (PAO) can lead to serious difficulties such as fragility fractures, elongated back pain and height loss in affected women. Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B ligand (sRANKL) to Osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio is chosen as a bone metabolism equation in many bone diseases characterized by bone resorption, such as post-menopausal osteoporosis and would be modified with folic acid supplementation. This study was done to compare the effects of high dose (5mg/day) and lotion> Hamid Reza MASHREGHI MOGHADDAM Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Neda PARTOVI Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Fatemeh HAMIDI Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Nazanin HANAFI-BOJD Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Majid JAFARNEJAD Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Samaneh NAKHAEE Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2019 10 05 Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18566 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18566/6555

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1838 1846 Ehsan GHAEDI Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh RAHROVANI Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hassan JAVANBAKHT Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir-Hooshang EHSANI Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali ESRAFILI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed MOHAMMADI Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahnaz ZAREI Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud DJALALI Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 10 05 Background: Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most frequently occurring skin cancers. Vitamin A is involved in epithelial cell differentiation and may control skin tumor development. Vitamin E is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant that can quench and scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, there is little consistent evidence considering micronutrients and the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible difference between retinol and α-tocopherol in BCC patients and controls in Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on adults with newly diagnosed BCC referred to Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2015. Serum and subcutaneous fat tissue retinol and α-tochopherol were measured by HPLC method. Results: Overall, serum retinol level was lower significantly in BCC patients (0.237±0.01 µg/ml) in comparison with control group (0.27±0.02 µg/ml, P-value: 0.038). However serum ɑ-tocopherol level was not significantly different between BCC patients (4.41±0.33 µg/ml) and control subjects (4.06±0.35 µg/ml, P-value=0.18). Subcutaneous adipose tissue retinol was lower significantly in BCC patients (38.60±3.30 ng/mg) compared with control group (54.78±3.49 ng/mg, P-value=0.002). Furthermore, results revealed lower subcutaneous adipose tissue ɑ-tocopherol in BCC patients (4.41±0.33 µg/ml) in comparison with control group (4.06±0.35 µg/ml, P-value=0.18). Conclusion: Skin tissue concentration of retinol and ɑ-tocopherol and serum retinol level was lower in BCC patients in comparison with control group but serum ɑ-tocopherol was not different between groups. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18542 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18542/6536

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1940 1941 Nahid NAJAFI Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mahmoud MONTAZERI Department of Autopsy, Fars Province General Office, Legal Medicine Organization, Shiraz, Iran 2019 10 05 Abstract  Abstract  Abstract  Abstract   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18567 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18567/6556

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1847 1854 Nasim ZAMANI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein HASSANIAN-MOGHADDAM Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza NOROOZI School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bagher SABERI ZAFARGHANDI Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali-Asghar KOLAHI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 10 05 Background: Substance use is a growing problem in many countries especially among teenagers. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and complications of substance use in teenagers referring to a tertiary hospital following intoxication. Methods: In a cross-sectional study between 2012 and 2013 in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, sixteen substances were checked in teenagers referring due to poisoning. They divided into two groups of young (13 to <16 yr; group 1) and old-teenagers (16 to 19 yr; group 2). History of lifetime substance use and drug use within the week prior to admission were recorded. Results: Mean (range) age of young teenagers was 14.5±0.6 [13, 15] and 17.7±1.1 [16, 19] in old-teenagers with female predominance. Of 264 teenagers, four in group 1 and 27 in group 2 were admitted due to drug overdose. Six and 69 patients in groups 1 and 2 claimed that they had used some kind of substance in the week prior to admission. Twenty (37%) and 106 (50.5%) patients in the young and old-teenager groups were defined as drug users and rates of unreported substance use were 27.8% (15 cases) and 23.8% (50 cases) respectively. Ninety-six substance users (36.4%) had referred due to poisonings other than recreational intoxication (P<.001). Screening toxicological lab data showed significant opioid and sedative exposure in old-teenagers. Conclusion: It seems young adolescents hide their drug abuse more than old teenagers. Using illicit drugs screening tests may help us to provide hidden rate of abuse in teenagers. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18543 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18543/6537

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1942 1944 Kabir Ozigi ABDULLAHI Department of Medico-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatima Mahmud MUHAMMAD Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kourosh HOLAKOUIE-NAIENI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad KHOSRAVI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahad Saqib LODHI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran hang Abdullah KAREEM Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasnain SABAHAT Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sami Najmaddin SAEED Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali HOSSEINI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 10 05 Absracts Absracts Absracts Absracts https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18568 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18568/6557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1855 1860 Zeinab TAVAKKOL AFSHARI Department of Immunogenetic and Cell Culture, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra GHOLIZADEH Department of Immunogenetic and Cell Culture, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amin Reza NIKPOOR Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Jalil TAVAKKOL AFSHARI Department of Immunogenetic and Cell Culture, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Rashin GANJALI Department of Immunogenetic and Cell Culture, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh HOMAEI SHANDIZ Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Khadijeh JAMIALAHMADI Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2019 10 05 Background: The tumor protein p73 (TP73) is a homolog of TP53 family. Ectopic p73 overexpression largely mimics p53 activities as a tumor suppressor and activates the transcription of p53-responsive genes and as a result induce apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 105 patients who admitted in educational hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2013-2015, with breast cancer as case group and 120 healthy women as the control group. PCR-CTPP method was used to investigate the relationship between the p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer. Results: There was no significant association between the AA genotype of the p73 G4A polymorphism and breast cancer in case and control groups. Although G allele frequency was higher in the case group, the abundance of this allele between case and control groups was not statistically meaningful and, as a result, not associated with the risk of breast cancer in this study group. Conclusion: There was no association between G4A p73 polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18545 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18545/6538

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1861 1869 Morteza JOSHANI KHEIBARI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Reza ESMAEILI Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Mahmood KAZEMIAN Department of Health Economics, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2019 10 05 Background: Health reform in Iran began in 2014, aimed at improving financing pattern of health services. We assessed the reform by changes in variables representing distribution of health payments and catastrophic expenditures. Methods: Using data from households’ income-expenditure survey, this study computed the financial variables, representing poverty line and households at poor state, household’s catastrophic health expenditure, fairness in financial contribution (FFC) index, and household’s impoverishment state, in the years 2010-2016, in urban and rural areas. The variables were computed by special software designed for this study, based on C-Sharp(C#) programming language, with yearly data on more than 38000 households, each with 1072 information sources. Results: The food share-based poverty line after sharp rise in 2010-2013, in 2014-2016 raised slowly, and the average percent of households facing catastrophic health expenditure, after sharp rise in 2011-2013, left at 3.25 in 2014-2015 and raised to 3.45 in 2016. The average FFC index remained at 0.839 to 0.837 in 2013-2016. However, interestingly, the average percent of households impoverished after out-of-pocket payments improved from 1.36 to 0.912 in 2013-2016. Conclusion: In three years of health reform, the major impact of reform was considerable improvements in the rate of the impoverished after out-of-pocket payments. The reform had limited impacts on the rates of households facing catastrophic health expenditure, and on FFC indexes, for the rural and urban residents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18546 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18546/6539

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 10 2019 10 05 1870 1878 Fatemeh ESFARJANI Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hedayat HOSSEINI Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ramin KHAKSAR Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roshanak ROUSTAEE Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Haleh ALIKHANIAN Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan KHALAFI Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amin MOUSAVI KHANEGHAH Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil Fatemeh MOHAMMADI-NASRABADI Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Res