Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 173 179 Božidar BANOVIĆ Faculty of Security Studies, University at Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Veljko TURANJANIN Faculty of Law, University at Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Anđela MILORADOVIĆ Seniorenzentrum Röweland, Hamburg, Germany 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: In the majority of countries, active direct euthanasia is a forbidden way of the deprivation of the patients’ life, while its passive form is commonly accepted. This distinction between active and passive euthanasia has no justification, viewed through the prism of morality and ethics. Therefore, we focused on attention on the moral and ethical implications of the aforementioned medical procedures. Methods: Data were obtained from the Clinical Hospital Center in Kragujevac, collected during the first half of the 2015. The research included 88 physicians: 57 male physicians (representing 77% of the sample) and 31 female physicians (23% of the sample). Due to the nature, subject and hypothesis of the research, the authors used descriptive method and the method of the theoretical content analysis. Results: A slight majority of the physicians (56, 8%) believe that active euthanasia is ethically unacceptable, while 43, 2% is for another solution (35, 2% took a viewpoint that it is completely ethically acceptable, while the remaining 8% considered it ethically acceptable in certain cases). From the other side, 56, 8% of respondents answered negatively on the ethical acceptability of the physician-assisted suicide, while 33% of them opted for a completely ethic viewpoint of this procedure. Out of the remaining 10, 2% opted for the ethical acceptability in certain cases. Conclusion: Physicians in Serbia are divided on this issue, but a group that considers active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide as ethically unacceptable is a bit more numerous.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9045 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9045/5598

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 153 164 Javad MOGHRI Dept. of Management Sciences and Health Economics, School of Health, Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali AKBARI SARI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Mixed health care systems to work simultaneously on both public and private facilities, is common today. This phenomenon referred to as dual practice (DP), has potential implications for access, quality, cost and equity of health services. This paper aimed to review systematically studies that assess the implications of DP among health workers. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane library were searched for obtaining published literature between Feb 1990 and May 2014. Google and Google Scholars, organizational websites, and reference lists of relevant papers searched to get grey literature. Only studies concentrated on consequences and impacts of DP among health professionals and conducted using "randomized controlled trials", "non-randomized controlled trials", "controlled before and after studies", or "interrupted time series" were eligible for inclusion. Results: From 3242 records, we focused on 19 studies, which aimed to assess effects and impacts of dual practice. After that, the current understanding of DP positive and negative implications was categorized and discussed based on two perspectives. Conclusion: There has been a propensity to over-reliance on theoretical methods in predicting the implications of this phenomenon. Almost all of the mentioned implications are based on theoretical predictions undermined in the broader literature. Furthermore, assessing the current literature showed positive and negative impacts of DP on different parts of the health system and various dimensions of service delivery. These implications are contexted specific and may vary from system to system.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9043 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9043/5596

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 258 260 Abbas RASI Dept. of Dermatology, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham BEHRANGI Dept. of Dermatology, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahamin ATTAR Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shohada Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Zahra AZIZIAN Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Pachydermodactyly is a rare and benign disease that may be idiopathic, genetic, acquired as a response to repetitive trauma, or associated with several other acquired conditions often pushing the health caregiver to do a bunch of costly lab tests and diagnostic workups to rule out other entities. All health care givers must be aware about this disease for reassure the patients and cut unnecessary costs. Moreover, there seems to be an issue of association with certain occupations. A good example might be computer keyboards causing special damages to certain organs like eyes and musculoskeletal system. We have observed deleterious effects of excess work with computer keyboards on fingers in the form of Pachydermodactyly in our case. A 27-yr-old man presented with wider hand span and longer fingers to Dermatology Clinic of Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital in June 2015, especially the ring finger in our case, considered a big symptom who depressed due to their fingers appearance as a rare disease. We gave him an emollient to make his hand smoother. The patient improved both clinically and psychologically on a simple emollient. This disease with its deleterious psychological effects and a simple way of management should be appreciated more by the health care system.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9057 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9057/5610

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 265 267 Eun-Suk AHN Dept. of Dental Hygiene, Kyungbok University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ah-Hyeon KIM Dental Spa Dental Clinic, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Youn-Soo SHIM Dept. of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea AND Oral Health Research Institute, Korean Academy of Systematic Stomatology, Seoul, Republic of Korea So-Youn AN Oral Health Research Institute, Korean Academy of Systematic Stomatology, Seoul, Republic of Korea AND Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Oropharyngeal Airway Three-dimensional Changes after  Treatment with Myobrace in Class II Retrognathic Children https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9059 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9059/5612

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 180 185 Hu ZHIYAN Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China Li NIN Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China Chen BAOYUN Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China Gong ZUNKE Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China Wang QINGHONG Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China Fan LANGE Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: We aimed to research the value of extended nursing for cerebral stroke patients within a suitable recovery empty period. Methods: Seventy-two cerebral stroke patients were randomized to a control group or treatment group at the recovery period at Xuzhou Recovery Hospital, China in 2016. A recovery guidance exercise was applied to the control group for a set time, while a recovery guidance exercise combined with functional training were applied to the treatment group within the recovery empty period (at 6:00-7:00 a.m. and 7:00-8:00 p.m.). The recovery effect was compared after three months. Results: Following the three-month intervention, both the control and treatment groups’ scores for the Fugl-Meyer balance evaluation and the Barthel indicator were increased. There was a statistically significant increase in the treatment group (P<0.05). Scores for the Self-Rating Depression Scale in both groups declined and the decline in the treatment group was statistically significant greater when compared to the control group (P<0.05). The total depression rate for the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group and the severe extent of depression in the treatment group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05). Both groups’ scores for the PSQI also decreased with a significantly greater increase in the treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Extended nursing within a suitable recovery empty period can improve the patient’s prognosis concerning physical activity and mood.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9046/5599

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 165 172 Azadeh BASHIRI Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan GHAZISAEEDI Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza SAFDARI Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila SHAHMORADI Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamide EHTESHAM Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Today, despite the many advances in early detection of diseases, cancer patients have a poor prognosis and the survival rates in them are low. Recently, microarray technologies have been used for gathering thousands data about the gene expression level of cancer cells. These types of data are the main indicators in survival prediction of cancer. This study highlights the improvement of survival prediction based on gene expression data by using machine learning techniques in cancer patients. Methods: This review article was conducted by searching articles between 2000 to 2016 in scientific databases and e-Journals. We used keywords such as machine learning, gene expression data, survival and cancer. Results: Studies have shown the high accuracy and effectiveness of gene expression data in comparison with clinical data in survival prediction. Because of bewildering and high volume of such data, studies have highlighted the importance of machine learning algorithms such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to find out the distinctive signatures of gene expression in cancer patients. These algorithms improve the efficiency of probing and analyzing gene expression in cancer profiles for survival prediction of cancer.    Conclusion: By attention to the capabilities of machine learning techniques in proteomics and genomics applications, developing clinical decision support systems based on these methods for analyzing gene expression data can prevent potential errors in survival estimation, provide appropriate and individualized treatments to patients and improve the prognosis of cancers.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9044 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9044/5597

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 261 264 Moein DOROODGAR School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud DOROODGAR School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas DOROODGAR Dept. of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common parasitic disease transmitted by vectors in Iran. CL is endemic in many urban and rural parts of Iran and usually caused by two species of Leishmania as L. major and L. tropica transmitted to humans from parasite reservoirs by the bite of female sandflies. We report a case of ocular leishmaniasis with eyelid involvement presentation. The patient was a 70-yr-old housewife woman referred to Health Care Center in city of Kashan, central Iran in 2012. The disease was diagnosed by direct smear, culture, and PCR from the lesion. PCR was positive for L. major. Her lesion was treated with systemic meglumine antimonate (Glucantime) (20 mg/kg/day) for 20 days.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9058 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9058/5611

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 or> Zhilan CHEN Reproductive Medical Center, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, China Liyong CHEN Department of Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19595/6679

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 257 266 Xueguang GUO Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China Gang LIU Department of Hepatobiliary & Enteric Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Xiaoping XIE Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China Jing LI Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China Zehui HOU Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Yanhong GU Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Lijiang YU Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Jingjiang People’s Hospital, Jingjiang, China 2020 01 29 Background: We aimed to detect IL-17, MMP-9 and CD23 in serum of patients with colorectal cancer to provide some proper references for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods: Overall, 287 patients with colorectal cancer were collected in the Digestive Surgery Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China from January 2017 to November 2018 and were used as the study group, meanwhile, 200 people who took physical examination in the same period were used as the control group. They were retrospectively analyzed. The concentrations of IL-17, MMP-9 and CD23 in serum were detected by ELISA 10 d before and after treatment and 30 d after treatment. The relationship between IL-17, MMP-9 and CD23 concentration and clinicopathology was analyzed. Results: The concentrations of CD23, IL-17 and MMP-9 in peripheral blood of the patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). IL-17, MMP-9 and CD23 were negatively correlated with treatment time and pathological features in the study group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The concentrations of IL-17, MMP-9 and CD23 obviously increased in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer, the three were negatively correlated with treatment time and were significantly correlated with TNM staging and differentiation degree of colorectal cancer. It is expected to estimate the illness. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19573 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19573/6662

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 01 29 394 396 Sook-Young RYU Institute of General Education, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19596 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19596/6680

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 01 29 267 273 Christian KIM Department of General Education, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea Song Yi LEE Department of Airline Service, Dong Yang University, Yeongju, South Korea Sam-Hun PARK Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea 2020 01 29 Background: This study attempted to identify the problem South Korea faces in its development of the medical tourism industry from the perspective of English education. Methods: To assess the preparedness and problems of future Korean nurses in dealing with foreign patients, a questionnaire was conducted in 2017 on 146 freshman and sophomore nursing major students at CHA University in South Korea. Results: Although the nursing major students were highly satisfied with the English instructors, they did not feel that the curriculum prepared them well to deal with foreign patients in the future. They also felt that the teaching methodology employed in the class should be changed to incorporate more medical content into the nursing English program. Conclusion: In order for South Korea to play a bigger role in the medical tourism industry, higher education institutions for medicine need to pay more attention to the English education of their students. More specifically, team-taught English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curricula should be established in order to meet the needs of future medical professionals. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19574 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19574/6663

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 397 399 Wenwen WU Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Xiaodong TAN Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Yu XIE Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Qiru WANG Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Yalin ZHANG Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19597 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19597/6681

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 274 282 Milos M. STEPOVIC Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dalibor STAJIC Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija SEKULIC Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Zlata RAJKOVIC Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nela DJONOVIC Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia AND Institute of Public Health, Kragujevac, Serbia 2020 01 29 Background: Lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers have been globally estimated to account for about 3.8% of all cancer cases and 3.6% of cancer deaths. Mortality of these cancers is generally higher in developing than in developed countries. Overall cancer mortality rate in Serbia is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate trends and the most common localization of lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers in Serbia. Methods: The study was conducted in 2018 as descriptive epidemiological study and included years from 1999 to 2015. The differences in standardized mortality rates and number of deaths were analyzed with regard to age, gender, and tumor localization. Linear trend and regression were used to determine mortality rate trend. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the number of deaths between men and women in the ages of 40 and over (P < 0.01); male/female cancer mortality ratio was 4.56:1. Generally, the most common localization of this carcinoma was hypopharynx. There was no statistically significant increase of mortality rates from these cancers for both genders (males: y = 4.77 + 0.42x, P = 0.069 % change = +20.35; females: y = 1.03 + 0.01x, P = 0.40 % change = +4) during 17-year period. Conclusion: Promotion of healthy habits, life-styles and regular inspection of mouth by patients and health professionals should be better prioritized especially in developing countries where implementing and improving national health prevention programs are essential. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19577 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19577/6664

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 400 402 Darko DIMOVSKI Faculty of Law, University of Niš, Niš, Republic of Serbia Veljko TURANJANIN Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia Milica KOLAKOVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ Institute of Criminologial and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia Dragana ČVOROVIĆ Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19598 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19598/6682

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 283 293 Xuewei ZHANG School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China Zong GANG School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China Xiao DONG School of Finance, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2020 01 29 Background: The proportion of government healthcare expenditure in China increases due to rapid economic development in recent years. The growth of government healthcare expenditure can promote physical health improvement of human capitals and thereby facilitate economic growth. Hence, exploring the effects of government healthcare expenditure on economic growth is important. Methods: Spatial correlation of economic growth under different spatial weights was tested, and the effects of government healthcare expenditure on economic growth were analyzed by constructing a spatial Durbin model with the panel data of 31 provinces in China gathered from 2005 to 2017. Results: Government healthcare expenditure in China significantly and positively affects economic growth under three spatial weight matrices. The spatial weight of economic distance influences economic growth more significantly compared with the 0–1 spatial weight and the spatial weight of geographical distance. The total and the direct effects of government healthcare expenditure are significantly positive. Furthermore, the direct effects are significant, whereas the indirect effects show different degrees of significance. Conclusion: The total effect of government healthcare expenditure on economic growth is significant and positive, with direct effects exceeding the indirect ones. Hence, the China’s government must continue to increase financial investment to public health services to promote high-quality economic growth in the country. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19578 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19578/6665

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 403 405 Mahdi Ben DHAOU Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi-Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia AND Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia Mohamed ZOUARI Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi-Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia AND Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia Salma AMMAR Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi-Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia AND Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia Naourez GOUIAA Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia AND Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia Manel HAJ MANSOUR Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi-Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia AND Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia Mohamed JALLOULI Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi-Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia AND Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia Thouraya BOUDAWARA Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia AND Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia Riadh MHIRI Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi-Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia AND Sfax Medical School, Sfax, Tunisia 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19599 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19599/6683

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 294 303 Khaled TAFRAN Department of Administrative Studies and Politics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Makmor TUMIN Department of Administrative Studies and Politics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Ahmad Farid OSMAN Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2020 01 29 Background: The primary indicator of public health, which all nations aim to prolong, is life expectancy at birth. Uncovering its socioeconomic determinants is key to extending life expectancy. This study examined the determinants of life expectancy in Malaysia. Methods: This observational study employs secondary data from various official sources of 12 states and one federal territory in Malaysia (2002-2014). Panel data of 78 observations (13 cross-sections at six points in time) were used in multivariate, fixed-effect, regressions to estimate the effects of socioeconomic variables on life expectancy at birth for male, female and both-gender. Results: Poverty and income significantly determine female, male, and total life expectancies. Unemployment significantly determines female and total life expectancies, but not male. Income inequality and public spending on health (as a percentage of total health spending) do not significantly determine life expectancy. The coefficients of the multivariate regressions suggest that a 1% reduction in poverty, 1% reduction in unemployment, and around USD 23.20 increase in household monthly income prolong total life expectancy at birth by 17.9, 72.0, and 16.3 d, respectively. The magnitudes of the effects of the socioeconomic variables on life expectancy vary somewhat by gender. Conclusion: Life expectancy in Malaysia is higher than the world average and higher than that in some developing countries in the region. However, it is far lower than the advanced world. Reducing poverty and unemployment and increasing income are three effective channels to enhance longevity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19579 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19579/6666

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 406 408 Abdelhafid BENKSIM Laboratory of Human Ecology, Semlalia School, Marrakesh, Morocco AND High Institute of Nursing and Technical Health (ISPITS), Marrakesh, Morocco Rachid AIT-ADDI Laboratory of Human Ecology, Semlalia School, Marrakesh, Morocco Noureddine ELKHOUDRI Institute of Health Sciences, University Hassan-1, Settat, Morocco Mohamed AMINE Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakesh, Morocco Mohamed CHERKAOUI Laboratory of Human Ecology, Semlalia School, Marrakesh, Morocco 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19601 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19601/6684

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 01 29 304 311 Peiquan HUI Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China Yuling WANG Department of Ultrasonography, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China Bing CHEN Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China Zengwu WANG Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China Shiqiang QIN Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China 2020 01 29 Background: To investigate the expression of microRNA-29c (miR-29c) in glioma and its effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 76 glioma patients in People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China from May 2013 to June 2017 (experimental group) and 63 healthy subjects in the same period (control group). qRT-PCR was used to detect the miR-29c expression. Changes of serum miR-29c expression level and the correlation of miR-29c of glioma patients with the degree of tumor differentiation and pathological type were observed. Cells were grouped before transfection into blank group (no transfection), negative control group (transfected with miRNA NC) and experimental group (transfected with miR-29c mimics). CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. Results: Expression of miR-29c in serum was significantly lower in experimental group than that in control group (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-29c of glioma patients increased with the degree of tumor differentiation (P<0.05). miR-29c in serum was not significantly correlated with the pathological type. Conclusion: miR-29c could inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells and promote apoptosis. miR-29c is lowly expressed in glioma, and the overexpression of which in glioma cells can inhibit tumor cells proliferation and promote apoptosis. It may be a tumor suppressor miRNA of glioma, and the expression level of which can be used as reference for evaluating the grade of glioma. It is indicated that the abnormal expression of miR-29c may be a key factor in the occurrence and development of glioma. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19582 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19582/6668

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 409 410 Maryam AKBARILAKEH Department of Medical Education, School of Management and Medical Education Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Lili MOHANDES MOJARRAD Department of Medical Education, School of Management and Medical Education Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahram YAZDANI Department of Medical Education, School of Management and Medical Education Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila AFSHAR Department of Medical Ethics, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza MORAVEJI Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19602 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19602/6685

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 312 322 Mahdieh FARZANEHPOUR Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahad MUHAMMADNEJAD Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Setareh AKHAVAN Department of Gynecology/Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Valiasr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Nader EMAMI RAZAVI Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh JALILVAND Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid SALIMI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim FAGHIHLOO Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan KAKAVANDI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad FARAHMAND Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad SHAYESTEHPOUR Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad BABAKHANI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat MOKHTARI AZAD Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 29 Background: High-risk (HR) Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known as the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical preinvasive and invasive lesions. Therefore, the presence or absence of HR-HPV can be followed for the prognosis of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Since the overexpression of p16INK4a protein depends on the presence of transcriptionally-active HPV, and due to its availability and simple interpretation, it may be considered as a proper marker to diagnose cervical cancer. Methods: An immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4a was performed in 72 cervical tissue specimens at Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 2016 to 2018. The performance parameters were calculated and compared using receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC) details. Results: p16INK4a is significantly up-regulated in the cervical cancer samples in comparison with that in normal samples. Moreover, the ROC data showed the potential ability of p16INK4a under determined conditions as a diagnostic marker for CIN 2-3 staging and invasive cervical cancer. The molecular typing disclosed the attendance of HPV DNA in 44.4% of cases (32/72) with a predominance of HPV type 16. Conclusion: The molecular biomarker p16INK4a can be a good candidate for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer in HPV-infected patients. Considering the increase in the expression level of p16INK4a in cancer and precancer tissues, p16INK4a may be used for early detection of cervical cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19584 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19584/6669

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 411 413 Saori SUGAWARA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan George IMATAKA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19604/6686

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 323 331 Mashallah TORABI Health Information Management Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza SAFDARI Health Information Management Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kazem MOHAMMAD Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam GOODARZI Technology Management Department, Faculty of Management and Economy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hossein DARGAHI Health Information Management Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health Care Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 29 Background: To investigate any subject, a scholar needs a suitable instrument to collect the required information with the utmost accuracy and the least amount of error. Therefore, this study aimed at designing and conducting a psychometric analysis of an assessment instrument for innovation capabilities of Medical Sciences Universities using the Cube Model Approach. Methods: This study began by searching in questionnaires in the fields of input and process, considering innovation outcomes. Accordingly, a preliminary questionnaire was developed, and in the second stage, to determine the validity of the designed instrument, the face validity, content validity, and construct validity of the instrument were approved, and in the third stage, using Cronbach's alpha, its reliability was assessed. At first 200 phrases were obtained, finally, 25 questions were initially approved in three areas of structure (input), innovation processes, and output. All the phrases were retained in the face validity and content validity carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed on 25 items, and finally the terms were set in six factors. These factors explained 53.19% of the total variance. The rotated factor loading for all questions was obtained more than 0.3, and therefore, no questions were eliminated. Calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirmed the high internal consistency of the questionnaire (0.762). Conclusion: This instrument was designed for the first time in the context of Iranian academic culture and seems to be a suitable instrument for the assessment of innovation capabilities, considering its adequate validity and reliability, simplicity, and practicality.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19585 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19585/6670

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 414 415 Syed Asadullah ARSLAN Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza OLYAEI Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza HADIAN Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeed TALIBIAN Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Saeed YEKANINEJAD Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kazem MALMIR Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rabiya NOOR Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Muhammad Salman BASHIR Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19605 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19605/6687

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 2 2020 02 01 332 340 Alireza ZARINARA Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran Hojjat ZERAATI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh KAMALI Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Kazem MOHAMMAD Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam RAHMATI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran