Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 997 1003 Hee-Ju KWON Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Ik-Rae CHO College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Hyo-Joo PARK College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: In this study, we examined the status of Korean women’s alcohol consumption and identified the physical changes they undergo according to the level of consumption. The results of this study may thus be used as raw data to effectively control women’ drinking habits. Methods: This study consists of a secondary analysis using data from female participants in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2013-2014, V-2). In total, 863 women were finally selected to analyze their anthropometric data [height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference], blood parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and feeding glucose), blood pressure profile (systolic/diastolic), and nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and total energy intake). Results: Women’s alcohol consumption contributed significantly to an increase in body weight, body fat, and BMI as well as to an increase in total energy intake resulting from increased fat consumption. Further, the systolic blood pressure increased significantly when women were exposed to alcohol. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that alcohol consumption in women is associated with a range of adverse health implications. Notably, an increase in drinking frequency significantly affects their body weight, blood parameters, and nutrients, thus posing substantial health risks to the women, including obesity. Therefore, the Korean government should help women curve their drinking habits through regular training and campaigns.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7600 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7600/5493

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 970 977 Maria Adriana BURGIO Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy Antonio Simone LAGANÀ Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Angela SICILIA School of Midwifery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Romana PROSPERI PORTA Dept. of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy Maria Grazia PORPORA Dept. of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy Helena BAN FRANGEŽ Dept. of Reproduction, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Giovanni DI VENTI Unit of Nursing and Midwifery Administration, A.O.U. “Gaetano Martino”, Messina, Italy Onofrio TRIOLO Unit of Nursing and Midwifery Administration, A.O.U. “Gaetano Martino”, Messina, Italy 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) and WHO estimate that if all babies were breastfed for at least the first six months of their lives, the rate of morbidity and malnutrition would significantly decrease all over the world. In this view, these two organizations promoted a worldwide campaign for breastfeeding, creating the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) that encourages good practices for the promotion of breastfeeding in hospitals. The aim of our study was to review the available evidence regarding the positive effects of breastfeeding, in order to suggest to most appropriate strategy to support it. Methods: The main databases including Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google scholar and Science Direct were researched to obtain the original papers related to breastfeeding education. The main terms used to literature search were "Breastfeeding education", Breastfeeding support", and “Breastfeeding healthcare policy”. The timeframe included the obtained articles was from 1980 to 2015. Results: Our analysis confirms that healthcare providers play a pivotal role in education and encouraging mothers to begin and continue breastfeeding. In this view, the adequate training of healthcare providers seems to be mandatory in order to support this practice. Moreover, adequate facilities are needed in order to promote and support breastfeeding. Conclusion: Considering the available evidence, breastfeeding should be supported among all the mothers. Based on the positive data emerging from the public awareness campaign in different Countries of the world, we strongly encourage an accurate training for doctors and midwives and the implementation of adequate facilities in order to support breastfeeding.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7597 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7597/5490

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1080 1082 Majid AKRAMI Dept. of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Reza SASANI Medical Imaging Research Center, Dept. of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Nutritional status is very important especially in older adults because of its effects on quality of life. Phytobezoar, for instance, that can lead to small bowel obstruction has risk factors such as excessive consumption of foods with high fiber content and inadequate chewing. These factors are related to dietary habits. Furthermore, aging process and some of related physiologic changes can predispose one to phytobezoar formation. We describe a 61-yr-old man presented to the Emergency Department of Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2015 with small bowel obstruction due to phytobezoar following large amount of pomegranate seeds intake a few days before admission as an example of increased morbidity relating to unusual dietary habit.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7610 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7610/5518

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1083 1084 Brunah de Oliveira BUCHE Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil Bruno GUSSO Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil Fernanda Mara de Paiva BERTOLI Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil Juliana Feltrin de SOUZA Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Ana Tereza Bittencourt GUIMARÃES Dept. of Biological Sciences, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil João Armando BRANCHER Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Estimation of the Salivary Iron in Children with Dental Caries: A Pilot Study https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7611 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7611/5521

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1074 1079 Ionel BOSTAN The Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Doctoral School of Economics, Suceava, Romania 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: The present paper focuses on approaching the context and the actual manner of applying a method, known to be efficient and with a solid scientific background, on the institutional level of healthcare in Romania. Methods: The analyses and correlations developed by the author have taken into account the latest editions of the journals and publications of these institutions, such as statistical papers, standards, procedural guidebooks, reports. Most of the data (easily identifiable in the electronic environment) have been selected to enable the subsequent further investigation. Results: The payments made in 2012 for the audited NHP1-4, have increased by 82 282.66 thousand € (39.2%) as compared to 2010, and by 50578.22 thousand € (20.9%) as compared to 2011. The amounts paid for NHP1-4 have had an ascending trend starting with 2010, but, during 2010-2012, as the contribution of the Ministry of Health from the state budget has decreased from 152590.66 thousand € to 95328.22 thousand €, CNAS’s funding from the FNUASS resources has increased by 2.4 times. Conclusion: Following the analysis conducted on the NHP1-4, the findings based on representative samples are: (i) the specific legal standards related to the development of the NHP1-4, did not provide all the mechanisms that would ensure the certain procurement of medication and medical supplies as needed and did not ensure the efficient use of the allocated funds; (ii) clear discontinuities have been identified in the funding of NHP1-4, etc.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7609 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7609/5517

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1004 1011 Wenxin XU Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China Jiwei YAO Physical Education Institute, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China Longfei CHEN The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: Chronic cor pulmonale (CCP) is a disease of increasing frequency in Chinese people and profoundly influences their health. CCP is often accompanied by anxiety and other psychological problems, and patients may show signs of motor function decline. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of CCP-related psychological problems on motor function. Methods: Patients with CCP receiving in- or outpatient treatment in the Respiratory Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in Hunan Province between January and July 2015 were investigated. A total of 167 questionnaires were distributed, with 160 valid questionnaires ultimately collected from 95 male and 65 female participants of mean age (± standard deviation) of 68.2 ± 12.3 yr. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scoring was adopted to evaluate anxiety in the participants, and heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, 6-minute walk test and Borg index score were combined to detect the exercise capability of the participants. Results: Anxiety was present in 48.8% of patients. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, breathing rate and the Borg score of CCP patients with anxiety were higher than in CCP patients without anxiety (P < 0.05), while mean walking distance was shorter (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of anxiety in patients with CCP is relatively high. Anxiety reduces motor function in CCP patients; therefore, in the process of treating patients with CCP, effort should be made to engage simultaneously patients in psychotherapy.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7601 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7601/5494

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 978 985 Zahra CHERAGHI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amin DOOSTI-IRANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima NEDJAT Knowledge Utilization Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin CHERAGHI Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 08 28 2016 08 28  Background: Due to the increase in the elderly population in different societies, their primary needs, physical and mental health, and quality of life, is important. This study aimed to estimate the overall mean score of the QOL based on the Qol-Brief questionnaire in the elderly population of Iran. Methods: The international and national databases, including; Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, MagIran, and SID were searched up to Feb 2015. All studies, addressed the quality of life among the healthy Iranian elderly population using WHO-QOL-BRIEF questionnaire, were included. The random effect model was used for data analysis and the results were reported with a 95% confidence. Results: Out of 2150 studies, seven studies involved 1366 elderly participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean score of total QOL was 60.1±4.6. The pooled mean score of quality of life for physical health was 55.13 [51.03, 59.22], for environmental was 51.80 [45.50, 58.10], for psychological was 56.68 [53.29, 60.08] and for the social relationship was 57.82 [55.79, 59.86]. The men had a better status and in two health domains, including; physical and psychological health. Conclusion: The results of this study stress the necessity of attention to the quality of life in the domains of physical health (especially in women), and environmental health in the elderly population.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7598 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7598/5491

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1085 1086 Tae-Young PARK Dept. of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Yong-Jun CHA Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Sung-Min SON Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Comparison of Body Composition of Trunk and Extremities of Affected Sides at Different Aerobic Exercise Intensities in Chron-ic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Preliminary Report https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7612 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7612/5523

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1012 1019 Ardak КUANYSHKALIYEVA Dept. of Public Health N1, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan Nurbek IGISSINOV Central Asian Cancer Institute, Astana, Kazakhstan Аsiya ТURGAMBAYEVA Dept. of Public Health N1, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: We examined epidemiological aspects of dynamic changes in incidence of ovarian cancer in women of Kazakh and Russian nationalities in Kazakhstan. Methods: The material of investigation was primary data on registered patients with malignant ovarian tumors in the whole country. The study was conducted during the period of 1999-2009. Evaluation of changes in ovarian cancer incidence in the female population of Kazakhstan was performed using component analysis. Results: The number of patients with ovarian cancer in the whole country is increasing. This increase is due to several major reasons, including population growth (all females – ΔP=+22.1%, females of Kazakh nationality – ΔP=+46.0% and females of Russian nationality – ΔP=−259.3%), changes in the age structure (all females – ΔA=+32.7%, females of Kazakh nationality – ΔA=+27.1 and females of Russian nationality – ΔA=+130.8),and changes in risks of developing the disease (all females – ΔR=+36.0%, females of Kazakh nationality – ΔR=+13.1% and females of Russian nationality – ΔR=+246.8%). Conclusion: This investigation was the first epidemiological study of dynamics of ovarian cancer by component analysis in women of Kazakh and Russian nationalities in Kazakhstan. Implementation of the results of the study is recommended in management of anti-cancer activities for ovarian cancer.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7602 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7602/5496

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 986 996 Parvin MANSOURI Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alemeh KHADEMI Dept. of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Daryoush PAHLEVAN Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Zahra MEMARIANI Dept. of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jale ALIASL The Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Laila SHIRBEIGI Dept. of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: Hand Eczema (HE) is a dermatological disorder with frequent relapses and multiple causes such as atopic, allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. The management is complex because of the wide range of different pathogenesis. Efficacy of some of available treatments is not well established and it can affect patients’ quality of life significantly. Methods: Reports on HE such as diagnosis, pathophysiology, pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy that described in medieval Iranian medicine, were gathered and analyzed from selected medical and pharmaceutical textbooks of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). The search of databases such as PubMed, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Science direct, Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science, Sid, Iran medex, Irandoc, was performed to reconfirm the efficacy of ITM remedies in conventional medicine from 1980-Jan-1 to 2015-Dec-30. Results: According to their opinion, HE is highly associated with liver function. This disorder was categorized into two main types as wet and dry ones. Most Iranian textbook explained signs of HE, as excessive skin itching, redness, burning and dryness. Treatments recommended by Iranian scientists were lifestyle modification, dietary intervention and performing the rules of prevention as well as herbal therapy and special manipulations. Conclusion: Iranian practitioners believed that, six essential principles, diet therapy and medicinal plants have high impact on treatment of HE. These remedies based on Iranian scholar’s experiences might be useful for further studies to the management of HE.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7599 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7599/5492

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1087 1088 Urszula RELIGIONI Collegium of Socio-Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland Dominik OLEJNICZAK Public Health Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Joanna KAJAK Public Health Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Mobile Health Application as a Modern Tool of Prevention and Health Education in Poland   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7613 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7613/5525

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1020 1028 Chonticha KAEWANUCHIT Dept. of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Bangkok, Thailand Yothin SAWANGDEE Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: The aim of this study was to verify a path model of job stress using Thai-JCQ. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study was 800 immigrant employees in the central region of Thailand in 2015 by stratified random sampling. Instruments used both the applied and standard questionnaires. Job stress was measured using Thai-JCQ dealt with psychosocial work factors. A path model of job stress using Thai-JCQ was verified using M-plus. Results: Variables could explain the job stress change by 22.2%. Working conditions, job securities, workloads had direct effect on job stress while, workloads had indirect effect as well. Wages did not have any significance. Conclusion: The results of this study have implications for public health under occupational health research and practice by making public health and occupational health professionals aware of the importance a comprehensive approach to job stress prevention in the vulnerable population.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7603 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7603/5498

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1089 1090 Jasmina RADOJLOVIĆ College for Health Studies “Milutin Milanković”, Belgrade, Serbia Nela ĐONOVIĆ Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tatjana SIMOVIĆ College of Health Studies, Ćuprija, Serbia 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Inclusive Education and Mental Health Preservation for Students https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7614 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7614/5527

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1029 1037 Juhyun JANG Division of Chronic Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea Baeg Ju NA Seoul Metropolitan Government Seobuk Hospital, Seoul, Korea Moo-Sik LEE Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Soonryu SEO Division of Chronic Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea Changhyun SUNG Division of Chronic Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea Hyun Joo KIM Dept. of Nursing Science, Shinsung University, Dangjin, Korea Jin Yong LEE Public Health Medical Services, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea AND Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: Public Service Advertising (PSA) is a public interest message disseminated in the form of an advertisement communication and its main purpose is to promote public behavioral changes regarding a social issue. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has been delivering PSA by various media. However, the effect of PSAs has never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of broadcasted PSA produced by KCDC on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: One thousand adult participants throughout 15 provinces in Korea were chosen through the quota sampling method in 2012. A face-to-face research survey with 13 questions was conducted using a Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) system. Previous exposure to the PSA message, understanding, and behavioral intention to change was assessed. Results: After watching the PSA, about 75% of participants answered that they could understand the contents well and 70% had willingness to change their behaviors associated with CVD. However, only 24% of participants answered they watched the PSA during the past year. Conclusion: The PSA had positive effects on increasing the level of understanding and intention to change behaviors regarding CVD. However, the level of exposure was low. KCDC should make an effort to increase the public exposure level, which could be an important success factor regarding the PSA. In addition, KCDC should consider customized PSA for vulnerable people such as multi-cultural families, the disabled, and the elderly.   Keywords: Public service advertising, Cardiovascular disease, Exposure level, Understanding, Intention   Background:Public Service Advertising (PSA) is a public interest message disseminated in the form of an advertisement communication and its main purpose is to promote public behavioral changes regarding a social issue. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has been delivering PSA by various media. However, the effect of PSAs has never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of broadcasted PSA produced by KCDC on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: One thousand adult participants throughout 15 provinces in Korea were chosen through the quota sampling method in 2012. A face-to-face research survey with 13 questions was conducted using a Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) system. Previous exposure to the PSA message, understanding, and behavioral intention to change was assessed. Results:After watching the PSA, about 75% of participants answered that they could understand the contents well and 70% had willingness to change their behaviors associated with CVD. However, only 24% of participants answered they watched the PSA during the past year. Conclusion: The PSA had positive effects on increasing the level of understanding and intention to change behaviors regarding CVD. However, the level of exposure was low. KCDC should make an effort to increase the public exposure level, which could be an important success factor regarding the PSA. In addition, KCDC should consider customized PSA for vulnerable people such as multi-cultural families, the disabled, and the elderly.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7604/5500

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1091 1092 Anna KOSTIUKOW Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland Elzbieta KALUGA Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland Piotr LESZCZYNSKI Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland Wlodzimierz SAMBORSKI Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland Elzbieta ROSTKOWSKA Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Physical Fitness of the Arms in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7615 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7615/5528

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1038 1043 Burçin ŞANLIDAĞ Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Buse ÇAĞIN School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Övgü ÖZENLİ School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Özlem ŞAHALOĞLU Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Ceyhun DALKAN Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Nilüfer GALİP Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Arzu BABAYİĞİT HOCAOĞLU Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Nerin BAHÇECİLER Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is an important health problem all around the world especially in developing countries. In the Mediterranean countries another prevelant reason of anemia is Thalassemia. Certain strategies had been established as a government policy to reduce prevalence in North Cyprus, such as pre-marital screening of Thalassemia. The prevalence of thalassemia trait has not been evaluated since then. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of IDA, thalassemia trait in infants under regular follow-up and to evaluate the compliance to prophylactic iron supplementation (PIS) and its effect on IDA. Methods: Healthy children admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Near East University Hospital, in 2011–2013 were included. Data of anthropometric measurements, parental thalassemia trait status, duration of PIS usage, complete blood count, ferritin levels and hemoglobin electrophoresis were collected from hospital database program. Anemic children were grouped as IDA, thalassemia trait, both IDA and thalassemia trait and others. Results: Eıghty-nine infants with a mean age 13.52±2.09 mo were included. Compliance with PIS recommendation was 85.3% and, the mean duration of iron usage was 6.44±3.18 mo. IDA and thalassemia trait were found to be 11.2% and 4.5% respectively, while 3.4% of the infants had both IDA and thalassemia trait. Conclusion: Prevalence of thalassemia trait was 7.9% demonstrating approximately a 50% decline within 5 decades. This result confirms the success of premarital screening policy in North Cyprus. In addition, prevalence of IDA was relatively low being 14.6% supporting the beneficial effect of PIS on prevention of IDA.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7605 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7605/5502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1093 1095 Sepideh HASSANZADEH Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza POURMAND Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davoud AFSHAR Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sanaz DEHBASHI Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rahil MASHHADI Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 TENT: A Rapid DNA Extraction Method of Staphylococcus  aureus. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7616 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7616/5529

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1044 1053 Zahra PANJALI Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sc capsules of 40% standardized extract containing 20 mg of pure isoflavones: Genistein, Daidzein, and Glycitein (i.e. for the group with phytoestrogens); and no trreatment for the control group. Results: The evolution of the somatic-vegetative symptoms was better in both groups treated either with phytoestrogens or HRT (P<0.001) as opposed to the higher percentage of patients with stationary symptoms in the control group (i.e. 37.74% for control group, 16.13% for the group treated with phytoestrogens, respectively 18.95% for the group treated with HRT). Conclusion: Twelve months treatment study is a favorable evidence for the use of soy derived phytoestrogens in the treatment of somatic-vegetative symptoms at postmenopausal women.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11484/5822

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1596 1597 Azadeh MEMARIAN Dept. of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrokh MEHRPISHEH Dept. of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Elham ZAREI Dept. of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farrokh TAPHTACH Dept. of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila ABDOLKARIMI Dept. of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Main Determinants of Ossification in Humerus Bone and  Coracoid Process among Iranian Neonates https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11497 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11497/5835

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1535 1539 Yu LIU Dept. of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Weize YANG Dept. of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Jie WEI Dept. of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: This study aimed to investigate the guiding effect of serum procalcitonin (PCT) on the antibiotic application to patients with sepsis. Methods: Ninety-eight patients with sepsis treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China from 2015-2017 were enrolled. They were divided into two equal groups of control group and the observation group. Patients in the observation group received the antibiotic therapy guided by PCT while patients in the control group received the regular antibiotic therapy. The conventional indexes, prognosis and clinical effects of the two groups were compared. Results: There were no statistical significance in the differences of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) levels between the two groups. The duration of the antibiotic application to patients in the observation group was (7.74±0.61) d which was (10.22±0.78) d shorter than that to patients in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay time and the hospital stays of patients in the observation group were shorter than those of patients in the control group. The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The difference in 30-day-recurrence rate and 30 day-mortality of the patients in the two groups had no statistical significance. There was statistically significant difference in the comparison of the clinical effects between the two groups. Conclusion: Guiding effects of the serum PCT on the application of antibiotics to patients with sepsis shorten the usage time of the antibiotics, ICU stay time and hospital stays.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11485 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11485/5823

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1598 1600 Zahra MAKANI Dept. of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Sina MIRZAAHMADI Dept. of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Marzieh MOTALLEBI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolfazl MOVAFAGH Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Molecular Diagnostics with Laboratory Finding in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11498 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11498/5836

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1540 1545 Payam KHAZAELI Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mitra MEHRABANI Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mahmoud Reza HEIDARI Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Gholamreza ASADIKARAM Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Moslem LARI NAJAFI Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: Mycotoxins are natural toxins, produced by several fungal species and are associated with morbidity or even mortality in animals, plants, and humans. In this study, 120 samples of herbs and spices in both bulk and packaged forms were prepared in order to measure aflatoxin level in different regions of Iran Methods: The aflatoxin was extracted during Mar to May 2015, using 80% methanol and then purified via immunoaffinity column. Measurements were performed, using high-performance liquid chromatography, equipped with a fluorescence detection system at excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 and 435 nm, respectively. Results: The highest prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in food products was attributed to aflatoxin B1 (30.8%). In addition, the highest prevalence of aflatoxin contamination was reported in red pepper (100%). Examination of effective factors indicated the substantial impact of moisture on aflatoxin level (P=0.046). Conclusion: Even at low levels of aflatoxin, contamination could be a serious threat, given the prevalent use of spices (either raw or not) as ingredients in food preparation. Therefore, regular monitoring of spices, especially chili pepper, is highly recommended.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11486 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11486/5824

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1601 1602 Rouhullah DEHGHANI Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran AND Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mohammad Ali SAHRAIAN Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud YUNESIAN Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa HADEII Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Hamid Reza GILASI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid KAZEMI-MOGHADDAM Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Reply to Urbanization Theory for Growing Trend of Multiple Sclerosi https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11499 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11499/5837

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1546 1554 Neda GILANI Dept. of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Anoshirvan KAZEMNEJAD Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Farid ZAYERI Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad HADAEGH Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun AZIZI Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davood KHALILI Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity have increased dramatically worldwide and together they constitute a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to assess the repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) in predicting CHD incidence. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study between 1999–2011, on 1959 women and 1371 men participants’ ages ≥30 yr, without a history of CVD. A joint modeling approach was utilized for data analysis using R software. The resulting joint model allowed measuring α (quantifies the association between anthropometric indices up to time t and the hazard for CHD event at the same time point). Results: About 9% of the participants (7.1% of the women and 11.7% of the men) experienced CHD event during follow-up. The results indicated a significant linear increasing trend in BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR over time (P<0.001). The increased risk of CHD event in females increases with the values of BMI (α= 0.004, P=0.023), WC (α= 0.018, P=0.009), WHR (α= 0.067, P=0.014) and WHtR (α= 0.106, P=0.002). Furthermore, in males the risk of CHD risk increases by the values of BMI (α= 0.005, P=0.032), WC (α= 0.019, P=0.008), WHR (α= 0.043, P=0.015) and WHtR (α= 0.096, P=0.002). Conclusion: By jointly modeling longitudinal data with time-to-event outcomes, our study revealed that WHtR is superior to other indices in pr