Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 997 1003 Hee-Ju KWON Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Ik-Rae CHO College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Hyo-Joo PARK College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: In this study, we examined the status of Korean women’s alcohol consumption and identified the physical changes they undergo according to the level of consumption. The results of this study may thus be used as raw data to effectively control women’ drinking habits. Methods: This study consists of a secondary analysis using data from female participants in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2013-2014, V-2). In total, 863 women were finally selected to analyze their anthropometric data [height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference], blood parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and feeding glucose), blood pressure profile (systolic/diastolic), and nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and total energy intake). Results: Women’s alcohol consumption contributed significantly to an increase in body weight, body fat, and BMI as well as to an increase in total energy intake resulting from increased fat consumption. Further, the systolic blood pressure increased significantly when women were exposed to alcohol. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that alcohol consumption in women is associated with a range of adverse health implications. Notably, an increase in drinking frequency significantly affects their body weight, blood parameters, and nutrients, thus posing substantial health risks to the women, including obesity. Therefore, the Korean government should help women curve their drinking habits through regular training and campaigns.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7600 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7600/5493

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 970 977 Maria Adriana BURGIO Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy Antonio Simone LAGANÀ Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Angela SICILIA School of Midwifery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Romana PROSPERI PORTA Dept. of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy Maria Grazia PORPORA Dept. of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy Helena BAN FRANGEŽ Dept. of Reproduction, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Giovanni DI VENTI Unit of Nursing and Midwifery Administration, A.O.U. “Gaetano Martino”, Messina, Italy Onofrio TRIOLO Unit of Nursing and Midwifery Administration, A.O.U. “Gaetano Martino”, Messina, Italy 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) and WHO estimate that if all babies were breastfed for at least the first six months of their lives, the rate of morbidity and malnutrition would significantly decrease all over the world. In this view, these two organizations promoted a worldwide campaign for breastfeeding, creating the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) that encourages good practices for the promotion of breastfeeding in hospitals. The aim of our study was to review the available evidence regarding the positive effects of breastfeeding, in order to suggest to most appropriate strategy to support it. Methods: The main databases including Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google scholar and Science Direct were researched to obtain the original papers related to breastfeeding education. The main terms used to literature search were "Breastfeeding education", Breastfeeding support", and “Breastfeeding healthcare policy”. The timeframe included the obtained articles was from 1980 to 2015. Results: Our analysis confirms that healthcare providers play a pivotal role in education and encouraging mothers to begin and continue breastfeeding. In this view, the adequate training of healthcare providers seems to be mandatory in order to support this practice. Moreover, adequate facilities are needed in order to promote and support breastfeeding. Conclusion: Considering the available evidence, breastfeeding should be supported among all the mothers. Based on the positive data emerging from the public awareness campaign in different Countries of the world, we strongly encourage an accurate training for doctors and midwives and the implementation of adequate facilities in order to support breastfeeding.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7597 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7597/5490

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1080 1082 Majid AKRAMI Dept. of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Reza SASANI Medical Imaging Research Center, Dept. of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Nutritional status is very important especially in older adults because of its effects on quality of life. Phytobezoar, for instance, that can lead to small bowel obstruction has risk factors such as excessive consumption of foods with high fiber content and inadequate chewing. These factors are related to dietary habits. Furthermore, aging process and some of related physiologic changes can predispose one to phytobezoar formation. We describe a 61-yr-old man presented to the Emergency Department of Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2015 with small bowel obstruction due to phytobezoar following large amount of pomegranate seeds intake a few days before admission as an example of increased morbidity relating to unusual dietary habit.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7610 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7610/5518

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1083 1084 Brunah de Oliveira BUCHE Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil Bruno GUSSO Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil Fernanda Mara de Paiva BERTOLI Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil Juliana Feltrin de SOUZA Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Ana Tereza Bittencourt GUIMARÃES Dept. of Biological Sciences, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil João Armando BRANCHER Dept. of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Estimation of the Salivary Iron in Children with Dental Caries: A Pilot Study https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7611 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7611/5521

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1074 1079 Ionel BOSTAN The Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Doctoral School of Economics, Suceava, Romania 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: The present paper focuses on approaching the context and the actual manner of applying a method, known to be efficient and with a solid scientific background, on the institutional level of healthcare in Romania. Methods: The analyses and correlations developed by the author have taken into account the latest editions of the journals and publications of these institutions, such as statistical papers, standards, procedural guidebooks, reports. Most of the data (easily identifiable in the electronic environment) have been selected to enable the subsequent further investigation. Results: The payments made in 2012 for the audited NHP1-4, have increased by 82 282.66 thousand € (39.2%) as compared to 2010, and by 50578.22 thousand € (20.9%) as compared to 2011. The amounts paid for NHP1-4 have had an ascending trend starting with 2010, but, during 2010-2012, as the contribution of the Ministry of Health from the state budget has decreased from 152590.66 thousand € to 95328.22 thousand €, CNAS’s funding from the FNUASS resources has increased by 2.4 times. Conclusion: Following the analysis conducted on the NHP1-4, the findings based on representative samples are: (i) the specific legal standards related to the development of the NHP1-4, did not provide all the mechanisms that would ensure the certain procurement of medication and medical supplies as needed and did not ensure the efficient use of the allocated funds; (ii) clear discontinuities have been identified in the funding of NHP1-4, etc.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7609 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7609/5517

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 1004 1011 Wenxin XU Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China Jiwei YAO Physical Education Institute, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China Longfei CHEN The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China 2016 08 28 2016 08 28 Background: Chronic cor pulmonale (CCP) is a disease of increasing frequency in Chinese people and profoundly influences their health. CCP is often accompanied by anxiety and other psychological problems, and patients may show signs of motor function decline. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of CCP-related psychological problems on motor function. Methods: Patients with CCP receiving in- or outpatient treatment in the Respiratory Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in Hunan Province between January and July 2015 were investigated. A total of 167 questionnaires were distributed, with 160 valid questionnaires ultimately collected from 95 male and 65 female participants of mean age (± standard deviation) of 68.2 ± 12.3 yr. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scoring was adopted to evaluate anxiety in the participants, and heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, 6-minute walk test and Borg index score were combined to detect the exercise capability of the participants. Results: Anxiety was present in 48.8% of patients. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, breathing rate and the Borg score of CCP patients with anxiety were higher than in CCP patients without anxiety (P < 0.05), while mean walking distance was shorter (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of anxiety in patients with CCP is relatively high. Anxiety reduces motor function in CCP patients; therefore, in the process of treating patients with CCP, effort should be made to engage simultaneously patients in psychotherapy.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7601 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7601/5494

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 978 985 Zahra CHERAGHI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amin DOOSTI-IRANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima NEDJAT Knowledge Utilization Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin CHERAGHI Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 08 28 2016 08 28  Background: Due to the increase in the elderly population in different societies, their primary needs, physical and mental health, and quality of life, is important. This study aimed to estimate the overall mean score of the QOL based on the Qol-Brief questionnaire in the elderly population of Iran. Methods: The international and national databases, including; Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, MagIran, and SID were searched up to Feb 2015. All studies, addressed the quality of life among the healthy Iranian elderly population using WHO-QOL-BRIEF questionnaire, were included. The random effect model was used for data analysis and the results were reported with a 95% confidence. Results: Out of 2150 studies, seven studies involved 1366 elderly participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean score of total QOL was 60.1±4.6. The pooled mean score of quality of life for physical health was 55.13 [51.03, 59.22], for environmental was 51.80 [45.50, 58.10], for psychological was 56.68 [53.29, 60.08] and for the social relationship was 57.82 [55.79, 59.86]. The men had a better status and in two health domains, including; physical and psychological health. Conclusion: The results of this study stress the necessity of attention to the quality of life in the domains of physical health (especially in women), and environmental health in the elderly population.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7598 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7598/5491

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 8 2016 10 10 191 192 George IMATAKA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2020 01 07 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19382 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19382/6647

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 181 185 Alireza BADIRZADEH Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saber RAEGHI Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Vahid FALLAH-OMRANI Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila ROUHANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The main objective of the current study was to investigate on the cryopreservation of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus, a causative agent of cystic hydatidosis in man. Methods:  This study was conducted on isolated protoscoleces from hydatid cysts infected livers collected from slaughterhouse of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by dye test. Cryopreservation of isolated protoscoleces in the presence of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol using a three-step cooling protocol involving an initial period at -20 °C, -80 °C and liquid nitrogen was performed. Results: The mean viability rate of 10% DMSO and 15% glycerol were 9% and 8% respectively. The protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus have been successfully thawed and recovered after 6 months storage in liquid nitrogen. Conclusion: Cryopreservation method needs to be improved for each species of helminthes and can be useful for other immunological and laboratorial studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19377 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19377/6644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 37 45 Qing LU Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, P.R. China 2020 01 07 Background: Continuously deeper reform of public hospitals has put forward the need to innovate the philosophy and system of large medical equipment operation and management, and the phenomenon featuring “more attention to purchasing and less attention to management” need to be turned around. Methods: This research took use of information management to set up ID fields (unique number) for target stand-alone equipment; integrated statistics functions of HIS, PACS, LIS, RIS and equipment management system to get the basic operation data; informationized the work flow and reform technology to set up a post evaluation indictor system for the performance of stand-alone equipment; compared the service condition of newly purchased equipment with the feasibility application of relative department from various dimensions; designed objective post-evaluation indicators from various angles to scientifically manage existing medical equipment and support decision-making of new application for purchasing medical equipment. Results: Application performance of stand-alone equipment and clinical departments were ranked in a standardized manner. Decision-making mode based on data case of stand-alone equipment was set up. Net present value was evaluated. However, re-purchasing the instrument did not continuously increase the contribution of each instrument. The laboratory can purchase new instruments again, while the imaging department is not recommended to purchase. Conclusion: The performance evaluation mechanism based on information construction for large stand-alone medical equipment and its support for decision-making of purchasing is of great significance to improve the service life of equipment, exert the maximum effect and reduce economic waste. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19357 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19357/6628

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 193 195 Ahasanul HAQUE Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Naila ANWAR Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Farzana YASMIN Faculty of Science, Lincoln University, Jalan Stadium, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia Arun KUMAR TAROFDER Faculty of Business Management and Professional Studies, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Nazmul Mohammad Hassan MAZIZ Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS, Perdana, Malaysia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19384/6648

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 46 55 Se-Young JU Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea 2020 01 07 Background: The quality of out-of-home foods is an increasingly important issue due to increasing popularity of eating out. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of eating-out frequency with general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes among Korean adults. Methods: This study collected data from 2010- 2015 KNHANES. The total number of participants was 33,427 Korean adults aged 19 years and older. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software version 9.3.  Results: Eating-out more frequently was associated with younger, unmarried, employed, urban resident, higher income, higher education, and being male. Regarding dietary behavior, subjects with skipping breakfast and taking snack behavior showed a tendency to eat out more frequently. Meanwhile, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium intake were higher in subjects with ≥ 5/week eating-out frequency than those in subjects with < 5/week eating-out frequency. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the effect of targeted public health education and policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19359/6629

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 196 197 Hengjun JIANG Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China Xingling CHEN The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Yuxiu HU The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Feng TAO The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19385/6649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 56 67 Chunyan QIU Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yue ZHANG Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Longhua CHEN Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 2020 01 07 Background: Risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined by genetic predisposition and environmental factors that often co-occur and interact, resulting in diversiform biological reactions. The present study attempted to investigate transcriptome alteration and adaptation associated with CRC progression. Methods: The study consisted of patients who presented at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China with a colonic neoplasm in 1992-2004. Microarray GSE41258 of the study was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus and 253 included microarrays were categorized by groups of normal colon, early primary tumor, lymph node metastases primary tumor, advanced primary tumor and distant metastases. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) was applied to discover tumor grade-dependent gene expression patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to explore functional enrichment of differential expression genes (DEGs). Results: Overall, 2870 significant DEGs were screened out on all groups. Six significant grade-dependent gene expression patterns were statistically significant. DEGs in all significant patterns were mainly assembled in GO terms of metastases and deterioration of tumor, epithelial proteins and cytokines, and protein binding and bridging. DEGs in profile 0 down-regulated with higher tumor grade, prominently enriched in KEGG pathways of metabolism. Conclusion: Besides many well-known colorectal cancer-related pathways, DEGs of profiles especially those down-regulated with CRC progression, clustered in various metabolic pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, as well as xenobiotics biotransformation that link to tumorigenesis, demonstrating the impairment of physiological metabolic pathways in the context of tumor progression. These results gave a high potential for therapeutic strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19360/6630

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 198 200 Yong-Keum CHOI Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science and Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea Jin-Sun CHOI Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19386/6650

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 68 76 Nurbek IGISSINOV Department of Surgical Diseases № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Science and Analytic, International High School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Alma AUBAKIROVA Republican Center for Health Development, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Galiya ORAZOVA Department of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulnur AKPOLATOVA 1. Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2. Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Saltanat URAZOVA Department of General Medical Practice № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Dinar Tarzhanova Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Akmaral ZHANTUREYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Yerlan KUANDYKOV Department of Family Medicine, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 2020 01 07 Background: As a result of the road traffic accidents 1.25 mln. of working-age people die each year on the roads. Frequency of the RTA is 11 times higher in our country than in Europe, that influence on demographic and economic situation in the republic. Creation of the math modeling and prediction of traffic mortality rate in Kazakhstan will allow to develop measure on its decrease. Methods: Short-term dotted prediction of population mortality level of Kazakhstan was used, in particular – methods of regressive analysis. General prognosis throughout the country up to 2021 was made on the basis of data for 1999-2018. The more relevant method for prediction is exponential function taking into account the features of mortality rate level trend. Results: Prediction of traffic fatalities without division into the age-related groups for 2019 is 2132±181 case with a probability 2/3. Expected levels for 2020-2027 cases, for 2021-1927 cases. Annual mortality decrease rate according to the 0-19 age-related at an average is 6.4% among men and 5.8% among women, according to age group as a whole – by 6.2%; from 20 up to 64 age related group – 5.1 % on all population category; older 65 age –group is by 2.2 %, 3.7 % among men, 2.9% among women as a whole. Conclusion: In the foreseeable future the number of traffic deaths in Kazakhstan will tend to decrease at a slower pace. Mortality rates due to road traffic accidents among working-age men will be 3 times higher than women in this age group. https://ijpversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pedram Rastegari Department of Health, Safety and Environmental, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Noradin Gharari Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 06 28 2023 11 28 Background: Working in hot environments can cause diseases and reduce performance by upsetting the balance of physiological parameters of workers' bodies. Bakers are among the people exposed to heat stress continuously and daily. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on bakers. Methods: In this review study, the related articles based on keywords were reviewed using “IranMedex”, “Science Direct”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science”, “SID”, “Google Scholar”, and “Magiran” databases from the years 2000 to 2021. The used search terms were "Heat stress", "Heat strain", "Heat exposure", "Heat waves", "Workplace", "Baker", and "health effects". In order to extract the required data, all parts of the articles have been reviewed. Results: Out of the 16 studies reviewed in this study, 43.75% were cross-sectional, 25% were descriptive cross-sectional, and 31.25% were performed according to other study designs. In all of the studies, the WBGT index was used to assess ambient heat stress. In most studies, the mean exposure temperature was higher than the WBGT-ACGIH limit, especially among traditional bakery workers. The findings showed that exposure to thermal stress significantly affects some hematological parameters of blood, oxidative stress, heart rate, and body temperature. Conclusion: The situation of heat stress in the bakery environment is worrying in terms of health and reduced productivity of employees. Therefore, it is essential to take the necessary preventive and control measures to reduce heat stress and the resulting strain. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29132 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29132/8106

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2601 2610 Zhengpeng Yang Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Hao Wu Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Defu Dai Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Yufeng Yuan Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Xueqian Shao Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China 2023 05 09 2023 08 12 Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common cancer happened in gastrointestinal tract, with the overall incidence rate of 4%-5% among human beings. Like most malignancies, we uncovered the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer yet. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecules that can be used as diagnostic maker at early stage. In addition, we also need to define the essential factors that related to the prognosis and treatment of the colon carcinoma. Methods: The study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China in September 2020. The R language was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the diagnostic markers for COAD. The machine learning strategy was used to assess the effectiveness of genes in the diagnosis of COAD. The molecular mechanism and prognostic value of genes were explored by bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments. Results: The expression level of heat shock factor 4 (HSF4) was significantly elevated in COAD patients (P=1.89×10-29), according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, survival analysis showed the higher expression level of the HSF4 was correlated with the poor prognosis in COAD. Conclusion: The HSF4 was the target gene of zinc finger protein 692(ZNF692). HSF4 might promote the progression of COAD through the apoptosis pathway. It was diagnostic and prognosis maker of COAD. Furthermore, the upstream gene of HSF4, ZNF692, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating HSF4 expression. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31971 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31971/8113

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2541 2553 Bahareh Shateri Amiri Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran Neda Sabernia Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behdokht Abouali Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Parya Amini Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran Hadi Rezaeeyan Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran 2023 02 01 2023 05 08 Various factors are effective in the development of minimal residual disease (MRD), one of which is MicroRNAsmiRNAs miRNAs and their dysfunction in gene expression have influential role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Nowadays, treatments that lead to the suppression or replacement of miRNAs have been developed. Focusing on the role of miRNAs in managing the treatment of leukemia, in this review article we have investigated the miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in the process of apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as miRNAs with oncogenic function in malignant leukemia cells. Among the studied miRNAs, miR-99a, and miR-181a play an essential role in apoptosis, proliferation and oncogenesis via AKT, MAPK, RAS, and mTOR signaling pathways. miR-223 and miR-125a affect apoptosis and oncogenesis via Wnt/B-catenin, PTEN/PI3K, and STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling pathways. miR-100 also affects both apoptosis and oncogenesis; it acts via IGF1 and mTOR signaling pathways. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31111/8107

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2611 2620 Hande Bakırhan Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaras Istiklal University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Serap İncedal Irgat Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 2022 11 15 2023 01 15 Background: Dietary pattern may be one of the determinants of cardiovascular health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between a heart-healthy diet, the phytochemical content of a diet, and Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Methods: This study was conducted with healthy volunteers (n=1446) from Turkey between August 2022 and September 2022. As risk assessment systems to determine CVD risks, SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) and ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) were used. We utilized MEDFICTS (Meats, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, Fat in Baked Goods, Convenience Foods, Fats Added at the Table, and Snacks) to establish the suitability of the current diet for heart health, and MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) to examine the Mediterranean diet characteristics of the current diet. The phytochemical content of the diet was determined using the Phytochemical Index method developed by McCarty. Results: The lifetime and 10-year risk scores of SCORE and ASCVD were positively correlated with the MEDFICTS score (r=0.12, P<0.001; r=0.06, P=0.020; r=0.10, P=0.001, respectively). Mediterranean diet characteristics were correlated with lower CVD risk as per the SCORE categories (r=-0.07, P=0.009). A one-unit increase in MEDFICTS scores increased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 1.01 times, while a one-unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score decreased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 0.91 times and 0.95 times, respectively. In addition, high values of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and neck circumference were associated with higher CVD risk (P<0.001). Conclusion: Adopting a Mediterranean diet and a heart-healthy diet may be a good strategy to reduce CVD risks. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30393 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30393/8114

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2621 2629 EN Akram Sadat Ahmadi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Zahra Shafiei–Jandaghi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kaveh Sadeghi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Nejati Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sevrin Zadheidar Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat Mokhtari-Azad General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Yun Xiao General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Fei Tong General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Guodong Liu General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Ge Zhang General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China Jianbo Han General Surgery Department, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China 2023 01 26 2023 04 07 Background: In order to explore new targets for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), we investigated the regulatory mechanism of miR-934 in the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. Results: GC tissues and cell lines showed notably higher levels of miR-934. Overexpression of miR-934 promoted cell viability, migration and invasion, while inhibited cell apoptosis of GC cells. ZFP36 was predicted and verified to be the target of miR-934 and low protein levels of ZFP36 were observed in GC tissues. The ZFP36 protein expressions were suppressed by miR-934 overexpression, while were facilitated by miR-934 inhibition. Furthermore, the carcinogenic functions of miR-934 were partially reversed after ZFP36 overexpression. The results of in vivo experiments further demonstrated that miR-934 promoted tumor growth and repressed the protein expression of ZFP36. Conclusion: miR-934 served as a tumor promoter in GC via targeting ZFP36, and ZFP36 overexpression could efficiently relieve malignant phenotypes caused by miR-934, which prompted an exploitable molecular target for GC treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30977 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30977/8015

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1626 1641 EN Ehsan Jamshidian University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences Elahe Hojati Abed PhD in Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elahe Fathi Azar MSc in Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mozhdeh Hashemzadeh PhD Candidate in Medical Librarianship and Information Science, Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Clinical Informationist Research Group, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Hooshang Mirzaie PhD in Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Sourtiji Assistant professor, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2022 06 28 2022 12 21 Background: Autism is a lifelong condition that seriously affects many aspects of children's and families' lives. The experience attained by living with a child with autism can be a valuable source of information to provide support and satisfactory services to children with autism and their families. We aimed to investigate the lived experiences of Iranian parents of children with autism. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, PsychInfo, SID, and Magiran until Nov 2021. Two reviewers screened the articles, applied inclusion criteria, critically evaluated articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and extracted study details according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze included studies.  Results: From 2772 articles in the initial search, sixteen studies entered the final analysis. Four themes emerged, including treatment-related lived experience, individual lived experience, social lived experience, and occupational lived experience. Iranian parents of children with autism are confronted with negative experiences, including inaccurate diagnostic processes, lack of adequate support at the diagnosis time, low-quality treatment, psychological problems, and concern about the child's future. Also, Parent's experiences showed family problems, stigma, and problems with doing occupations. Conclusion: Practitioners, policy-makers, and regulatory organizations should urgently consider issues mentioned in the parents' experiences to provide proper healthcare services for children with autism and their families.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29128 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29128/8006

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1730 1738 Raziyeh Zareh-Khoshchehreh 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Vahid Salimi 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghazal Sadat Fatemi Nasab 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Naseri Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Adjami Nezhad Fard 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat Mokhtari Azad 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 06 20 2023 01 22 Background: Despite decreasing the global burden of measles disease after the introduction of vaccination, measles remains one of the most devastating childhood diseases. Since genotype B3 is reported as a predominant Measles Virus (MeV) genotype recently, the current study aimed to better understand MeV genetic variation by analyzing the complete sequence of Hemagglutinin (H) gene associated with outbreaks of circulated genotypes in Iran. Methods: Nine positive measles specimens were selected from three circulated different genotypes H1, B3, and D4. Two different regions of MeV RNA were detected by RT-PCR assay. Sequence data and phylogenetic trees were analyzed and constructed by MEGA X software program. Moreover, missense and silent mutations in critical positions of the MeV-H protein were investigated. Results: The result of phylogenetic analysis from the C-terminus of the Nucleoprotein gene (NP-450) and the complete H gene revealed that the mean sequence diversity was 0.06%-0.08% and 0.04%, respectively. Genotype H1 had the highest mutation in this study; however, the substitutions in genotype B3 fundamentally occurred in critical epitopes. Moreover, genotype D4 was more stable