Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 715 720 Yoko Hoki Dept. of Neurophysiology Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan Kunio Sato Dept. of Neurophysiology Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan Yuichi Kasai Dept. of Neurophysiology Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 Background: Owing to increased complexity in the evolution of society, stress has become an important public health problem, and is responsible for more than 30 types of diseases. Most of the research on stress conducted to date has focused on physical and psychological aspects; however, there are very few reports about the association between psychological stress and elements within the residential environment, such as the home, room, and furniture. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the effects of indoor flooring in the residential environment on stress, as flooring is a feature that the human body is in contact with for long periods of time. We objectively measured the extent of psychological stress perceived while walking on carpeting and on wood flooring. Methods: Forty-two healthy subjects were recruited for this study, and were asked to walk on carpeting and wood flooring for 10 min each. Their electroencephalogram (EEG) and skin impedance values were measured for each task. Results: The α-wave content percentage in EEG data and skin impedance values were significantly higher just after walking on carpet than just after walking on wood flooring. Conclusion: Walking on carpeting induces less stress than walking on wood flooring.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7074 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7074/5429

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 814 816 Ehsan GHARIB MOMBENI Animal Diseases Control and Monitoring, Khuzestan Province Veterinary Organization, Ahvaz, Iran Nader MOSAVARI Dept. of Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Hessarak, Karaj, Iran Morad MORADI GRAVAND Dept. of Tuberculosis, Iran Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran Abdol Amir REZAI Dept. of Tuberculosis, Iran Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran Rohollah KESHAVARZ Dept. of Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Hessarak, Karaj, Iran Keyvan TADAYON Dept. of Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Hessarak, Karaj, Iran Reza BAKHSHI Dept. of Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Hessarak, Karaj, Iran Reza BEHMANESH Animal Diseases Control and Monitoring, Khuzestan Province Veterinary Organization, Ahvaz, Iran 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 At present, most of Iran is free of bovine tuberculosis (TB). The strategy of control and eradication in Iran involves a tuberculation test and slaughter of reactors, a procedure transformed the present-day prevalence of TB into a sporadic occurrence. This paper describes the first report of bovine tuberculosis in a European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) in Iran. The deer was emaciated and found dead in the Hoveize Provincial Zoo Park. Post-mortem examinations revealed multifocal granulomatous and suppurative abscesses in the lungs and mesenteric lymph nodes. These post-mortem indicators led the authors to suspect TB, and the PCR test and bacteriology tests confirmed it as an infection by the Mycobacterium bovis. This survey discusses the important implications of such findings for wildlife, especially livestock, as well as for human TB disease control, because deer are often conserved in public zoos and humans often come into contact with them.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7088 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7088/5443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 817 819 Dong Jun SUNG College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Dai-Hyuk CHOI Dept. of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea Taikyeong Ted JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 Blood Lactate Levels after All-Out Exercise Depend on Body Fat Percentage in Korean College Students https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7089 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7089/5444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 721 728 Chunhua ZHAO Dept. of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Yana MA Dept. of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Chenwei PAN Dept. of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Xing CHEN Dept. of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Hongpeng SUN Dept. of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 Background: Obesity has become a serious problem for Chinese Han nationality. This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of and trends in obesity among Chinese Korean nationality children and adolescents (1991–2010). Methods: We used data from Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). CNSSCH was utilized to monitor Chinese students’ health condition and released its data every 5 yr (1991, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010). The standard weight-for-height was the 80th percentile for sex- and age-specific growth charts based on the 1985 CNSSCH data. Obesity was defined as ≧120% of standard weight-for-height. Results: The total age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 15.9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 14.9-16.9%) among Chinese Korean children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 yr. Children or adolescents who were boys (Rate ratios (RR), 1.35; 95% CI, 1.19–1.53) or aged 10–12 (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.63) were more likely to be obese. The trend analysis of the 19-yr period implied a serious annual increasing trend during 1991-2000 (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07) and during 2000-2010 (RR,, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11–1.13). Chinese Korean children may also be more likely to become obese than Han nationality children during 1991-2010. Conclusions: A serious and continuous increasing trend was in the prevalence of obesity among Chinese Korean children and adolescents during 1991–2010. Childhood obesity had become a serious problem. This prognosis is worrisome.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7075 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7075/5430

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 820 821 Mariana DALLEDONE Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil João Armando BRANCHER Dept. of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil Juliana Feltrin de SOUZA Dept. of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil Flávia Sens Fagundes TOMAZINHO Dept. of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil Denise Piotto LEONARDI Dept. of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil Flares BARATTO-FILHO Dept. of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 Evaluation of the Oral Condition of Women Predisposed to  Diabetes Mellitus https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7090 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7090/5445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 729 738 Marzhan DAULETYAROVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Yuliya SEMENOVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Galiya KAYLUBAEVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Gulshat MANABAEVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Zayituna KHISMETOVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Zhansulu AKILZHANOVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Akylbek TUSSUPKALIEV Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Marat Ospanov, Kazakhstan Zhazira ORA­ZGALIYEVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 Background: To evaluate the satisfaction of mothers with the quality of care provided by maternity institutions in East Kazakhstan on the basis of the “Quality of hospital Care for mothers and newborn babies, assessment tool” (WHO, 2009). Methods: This cross-sectional study took place in 2013 and covered five maternity hospitals in East Kazakhstan (one referral, two urban and two rural). To obtain information, interviews with 872 patients were conducted. The standard tool covered 12 areas ranging from pregnancy to childcare. A score was assigned to each area of care (from 0 to 3). The assessment provided the semi-quantitative data on the quality of hospital care for women and newborns from the perception of mothers. Results: The average satisfaction score was 2.48 with a range from 2.2 to 2.7. The mean age of women was 27.4 yr. Forty-two percent were primiparas. Mean birth weight was 3455.4 g. All infants had ‘skin to skin’ contact with their mothers immediately after birth. Mean number of antenatal visits to family clinics was 8.6. Only 42.1% of the respondents used contraceptives while the rest were not aware of contraception, never applied it and could not distinguish between different methods and devices. Conclusions: The quality of care was substandard in all institutions. To improve the quality of care, WHO technologies in perinatal care could be applied.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7076 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7076/5432

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 822 823 Salvatore CHIRUMBOLO Dept. of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy 2016 06 28 2016 06 28 How Medical Students Attending Italian Schools of Medicine Maybe Introduced Into the Debate of the Expert Community? An  Educational Perspective https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7091 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7091/5446

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 6 2016 08 15 739 747 Meriem BAZIZ L.B.P.O/Section Endocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumedienne, BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria Zohra HAMOULI-SAID L.B.P.O/Section Endocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumedienne, BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria Ilham RATBI Human Genome Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco Mohamed HABEL Feconde Clinic El Bordj, Bordj-El Kiffan, Algiers, Algeria Soukaina GUAOUA Human Genome Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco Aziza SBITI Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco Abdelaziz SEFIANI Human Genome Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Univer 2017 02 12 268 269 Ilankoon IMPS Dept. of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Goonewardena CSE Dept. of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Fernandopulle RC Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Perera PPR Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 An Insight to How Estate Women in Sri Lanka Manage  Abnormal Vaginal Discharge https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9060 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9060/5613

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 186 191 Yanfei ZHU Dept. of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China Shuxuan ZHANG Dept. of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China Wenxian SHAN Dept. of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China Ming HU Dept. of Nursing, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: We studied the possible advantages of feed-forward control nursing model in the treatment of placenta previa. Methods: We enrolled 60 pregnant women who were receiving treatment for expectant placenta previa between January 2010 and January 2016 and randomly divided them into the control group and the observation group with 30 cases in each group. In the control group, we offered specialist nursing which included examination, body positioning, vaginal bleeding record, psychological consultation and medication observation. Feed-forward control nursing was applied in the observation group which included establishing feed-forward control nursing improvement team, conducting quality control of nursing defects and putting forward ideas for improvements and verifying improvement outcomes. Results: The observation group got significantly higher success rate and lower complication rate compared with control group. Gestational age and fetal weights improved apparently in the observation group. When we compared the amount of postpartum bleeding and pregnancy bleeding in two groups we did not find any statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Patients’ satisfaction rate toward our nursing services was much higher in the observation group and the rate of nursing errors was significantly lower in this group. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Application of feed-forward control nursing model in the expectant treatment of placenta previa can improve treatment success rate, decrease complications and upgrade nursing quality.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9047 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9047/5600

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 270 271 Jae-Woo KIM Dept. of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Kwang Suk CHA Division of Sport Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Changes in Blood Lactate Levels after a 40-km Endurance March Depend on Fluid Replacements: A Case Study on Korean  Military Academy Cadets https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9061 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9061/5614

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 192 198 Yuanyuan CHEN Dept. of Nursing, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China Xiaodao HAN Dept. of Gynecologic Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, PR China Yongjie XU Hekou District People’s Hospital of Dongying City, Shandong, PR China Weihua LI Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Nursing project management is widely used in different aspects of the society. However, whether the nursing project management can control the infections in the operation room (OR) is rarely reported. We evaluated the outcomes of surgical patients after implementing a nursing project management program to provide new scientific ways to manage the OR infections. Methods: Overall, 382 patients, who underwent surgical treatment in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China from May 2015 to January 2016, were enrolled as observation group. Besides, 347 cases were selected as control group. Patients in the observation group were treated with the nursing project management plan, while patients in the control group were treated with the routine operation-room nursing measures. The infection control rates in the OR, and the patient satisfaction with the nursing team postoperatively were both compared between the two groups of patients. Results: The OR air, the surgical and personnel’s hands surfaces were sampled for colony forming units, and all were found to be significantly of better quality (indicated by less colony forming units) in the observation group (P<0.001). In addition, there were 3 cases (0.79%) of post-operation infections in the observation group, while 12 cases (3.46%) occurred in the control group. The overall infection rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.011); and the satisfaction of patients with the nursing team in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the patients in the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: It is worth popularizing and applying a good nursing project management plan for surgical patients in hospitals.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9048 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9048/5601

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 272 273 Muhammad Ali SYED Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Choosing from Whole Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines-  Dilemma for the Developing Countries https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9062 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9062/5616

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 199 206 Tamar JAPARIDZE Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javachishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia Jenara KRISTESASHVILI Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javachishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Unintended pregnancy (UPr) with high rates of subsequent abortions remains an important problem around the world. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of UPrs in Georgia, their outcomes, and use of modern and traditional methods of contraception in women who terminated their UPrs by induced abortion (IAb) and identify potentially associated factors. Methods: A Cross-sectional study, using stratified multistage sampling design, was conducted from Oct 2010 through Feb 2011. By secondary data analysis in selected group of women (n=2692) association of predictor variables: area of residence, age, level of education, economic status of woman, ethnicity, and religion with independent variables: UPr, termination of UPr by IAb and prior usage of modern and traditional methods of contraception were examined. Descriptive statistics methods and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used. Results: In Georgia, from the 2692 interviewed women who had a pregnancy, 1068(39.7%) had a UPr in 2005-2010; the majority (n=913; 85.5%) of these UPr ended in an IAb. 31.4% (n=287) of those women used any method of contraception, with the majority (n=213; 74.2%) using a traditional method. With UPr were associated area of residence, level of education and age (P>0.05); with termination of UPr by IAb-ethnic origin (P<0.05); with use of contraception –area of residence, age, level of education, ethnicity and religion and with use of modern methods of contraception – age (P<0.05). Conclusion: Low rates of modern contraception use prior UPrs, terminated by IAb demands attention by healthcare providers. Factors associated with these outcomes shall be used to identify target group of women.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9049/5602

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 274 275 Gülseren KESKİN Atatürk Medical Technological Vocational Training School, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey 2017 02 07 2017 02 07       Please provide alternate text for this image to ensure accessibility for users with text-only browsers or assistive device https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9064 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9064/5700

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 207 215 Hassan HASHEMI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Abbasali YEKTA Dept. of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ebrahim JAFARZADEHPUR Dept. of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Hadi OSTADIMOGHADDAM Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amir ASHARLOUS Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran AND Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Payam NABOVATI Dept. of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Mehdi KHABAZKHOOB Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the National Vision Screening Program for 7 yr old children in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, eight cities in Iran were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Selected cities were Sari, Birjand, Ardabil, Mashhad, Bandar Abbas, Dezful, Yazd, and Arak, in Iran in 2013. Totally, 4614 schoolchildren were selected, 4106 of which participated in the study. An optometrist at the school site conducted all vision tests. Results were compared against those recorded on each child’s health card. Those with an uncorrected visual acuity worse than 20/25 in at least one eye screened positive for a vision problem. Results: 8.49% [95% confidence interval, 7.65 to 9.39] of the examinees had a vision problem. The sensitivity rate of the school entry screening was 38.15% (95% CI, 33.01 to 43.50) and the specificity rate was 93.11 (95%CI 92.25 to 93.90). The positive and negative predictive values were 33.93 (29.24 to 38.88) and 94.19 (93.39 to 94.93), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity rates did not significantly differ between boys and girls. For the uncorrected visual acuity tested by public health care workers compared to optometrists, the area under the ROC surface was 0.741 (P<0.001). The best-associated criterion was an uncorrected visual acuity more than 0.05 LogMAR with 67.3% sensitivity and 74.7% specificity. Conclusion: The validity of the school entry vision screening by health workers is low. To reduce false negative rates, some supplementary examinations such as refraction and near visual acuity measurements as well as further training of screeners should be considered.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9050/5603

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 276 277 Kamran BAGHERI LANKARANI Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Sulmaz GHAHRAMANI Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Behnam HONARVAR Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 A Study on Hospitalized Patients’ Payment in South of Iran after the First Round of Health Sector Reform https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9065 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9065/5618

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 216 221 Nazanin ARJOMAND FARD Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Nakisa TABRIZIAN Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Reza MIRZAEI Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamshid HADJATI Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh TOFIGHI ZAVAREH Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Reza SALEHI NODEH Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas MIRSHAFIEY Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: The expanse of dendritic cells (DC) differentiation plays an important role in determining immune response. DC-based immunosuppressive drugs have notable side effects in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers. G2013, as a novel anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, has been tested in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to conduct the safety property of G2013 on dendritic cells biology. Methods: The effect of G2013 on differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells was examined at Tehran University in 2014. To investigate how G2013 affects human dendritic cells (DC) in a defined inflammatory environment, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy blood. Monocytes were then purified using anti-CD14 microbeads. Monocytes were treated with G2013 in two different doses (6 and 12 μg/well) along with adding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 for inducing monocytes to immature DC and adding lipopolysaccharide for running DC maturation. Differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells were examined with flow cytometry and ELISA. Results: G2013 therapy had no significant effect on CD83, CD86 and DR expression, as well as IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine levels and it, has no remarkable side on differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells in immature DC and mature DC process in vitro. Conclusion: G2013 is a safe agent with no adverse effect on differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells. It may be recommended as a novel immunosuppressive agent with no or little side effect in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9051 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9051/5604

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 9066 9066 Mohammad MESKARPOUR-AMIRI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Abbas ASSARI-ARANI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hosein SADEGHI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Lotfali AGHELI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 The Reality behind Informal Health Payments in Iran: “Under the Table Payments” or “On the Table Payments”? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9066 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9066/5619

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 222 228 Mona ENTEZA­M Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AkbarFirstName>Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Peyman HEIDARIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Saeid EZATI Dept. of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Bagher ROKNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 10 23 2016 10 23 Background: We evaluated the genetic diversity of samples identified morphologically as Fasciola spp. from sheep, cattle and goat from Kermanshah Province, western Iran using PCR-RFLP method. Methods: We used PCR-RFLP analysis of ribosomal ITS1 fragment using RsaI restriction enzyme to investigate the genetic characteristics of Fasciola species obtained from different hosts (16 sheep, 28 cattle, 4 goats). The species of Fasciola were confirmed by sequencing the 700 bp region of ribosomal ITS1 gene. Results: In Kermanshah, F. hepatica was present in 96% of the samples, F. gigantica was found only in two cattle sample. No hybrid forms were detected in the present study. Conclusion: Our results contribute to clarify the dark spots of Fasciola genotyping in different parts of Iran.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8070 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8070/5578

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 10 2016 12 14 1383 1385 Alireza KHABBAZI Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Farideh ZOLRAHIM Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehrdad ASGHARI ESTIAR Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim SAKHINIA Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sousan KOLAHI Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2016 10 23 2016 10 23 Molecular Analysis of MEFV Gene Polymorphisms and  Mutations in Iranian Azeri Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8084 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8084/5593

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 10 2016 12 14 1322 1331 Ahmad NAGHIBZADEH-TAHAMI Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Vahid YAZDI FEYZABADI Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Narges KHANJANI Monash Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia AND Research Center for Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Ahad ASHRAFI-ASGARABAD Dept. of Epidemiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hosniyeh ALIZAEH Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid Reza BORHANINEJAD Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad MORADI-JOO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Masoud ZEINALI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Javad ZAHEDI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mahmoud AGHAEE-AFSHAR Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Ali Akbar HAGHDOOST Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2016 10 23 2016 10 23 Background: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) including colon, rectum and anal cancers are the third most prevalent cancers in the world. There are strong evidence showing the risk of the cigarette smoking, alcohol use, low physical activity and some types of diets in CRCs; however, few studies explored the relationship between opium use and CRCs. This study aimed to investigate the association between opioid use and the incidence of CRCs. Methods: In a population-based matched case-control study in Kerman, Iran, 175 patients with colorectal cancers and 350 healthy controls (matched for age, sex, and place of residence) were interviewed from Sep 2014 to Nov 2014. Opium and its derivatives, cigarette, alcohol, and diet use were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The use of opioids was associated with an increased risk of CRCs (adjusted odds ratio= 4. 5, 95% CI: 2. 4-8. 7). In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed between the cumulative use of opioids and the incidence of CRCs (with low use OR=3. 7; 95% CI: 1. 5-8. 6 and high use OR= 8. 0; 95% CI: 2. 9-21. 7). This dose-response relationship was also strong in patients with colon cancers, with OR= 3. 9 (95% CI: 1. 5-9. 9) and 9. 4 (95% CI: 3. 3-27. 0) for the low and high uses of opioids, respectively. Conclusion: Opioid use can lead to an increased risk of CRCs. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive policies to control the use of opioids.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8071 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8071/5579

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 10 2016 12 14 8085 8085 Jalil RASHEDI Dept. of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad ASGHARZADEH Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Behroz MAHDAVI POOR Dept. of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept, of Medical Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Hossein BANNAZADEH BAGHI Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2016 10 23 2016 10 23 How to Get Rid of Calculi? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8085 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8085/5594

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 10 2016 12 14 1332 1339 Armin ALLAHVERDY Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Homayoun JAFARI Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 10 23 2016 10 23 Background: Noise pollution is one of the most harmful ambiance disturbances. It may cause many deficits in ability and activity of persons in the urban and industrial areas. It also may cause many kinds of psychopathies. Therefore, it is very important to measure the risk of this pollution in different area. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences from June to September of 2015, in which, different frequencies of noise pollution were played for volunteers. 16-channel EEG signal was recorded synchronously, then by using fractal dimension and relative power of Beta sub-band of EEG, the complexity of EEG signals was measured. Results: As the results, it is observed that the average complexity of brain activity is increased in the middle of audio frequency range and the complexity map of brain activity changes in different frequencies, which can show the effects of frequency changes on human brain activity. Conclusion: The complexity of EEG is a good measure for ranking the annoyance and non-auditory risk of noise pollution on ="en_US">No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9775/5671

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 537 544 Elmira EBRAHIMI Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tayebeh SABOKBAR Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Neurology & Neurosciences Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Sharareh ESKANDARIEH Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND MS Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahideh PEYGHAMBARI Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medi