Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 569 577 Eunju LIM Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 Background: Fear of falling is not only a risk factor for falls, but it is also an important clinical predictor of functional decline in older adults. This study identified sex differences in fear of falling and related factors in older adults with low grip strength. Methods: The data of 902 older adults from the 2012 Korean National Survey, conducted as a research project by the Korea Employment Information Service, were analyzed. Grip strength, activities of daily living, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and fear of falling were assessed. Multiple regression analysis was performed by a simultaneous data entry method. Results: Fear of falling was greater in older women with low grip strength than in their male equivalents (P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that age, fall experience within the previous 2 yr, activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms collectively accounted for 15.3% (P<0.001) of the variance among men. Meanwhile, age, fall experience within the previous 2 yr, grip strength, activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms collectively accounted for 13.4% (P<0.001) of the variance among women. Conclusion: Thus, the predictors of fear of falling differ between older men and women with low grip strength. Therefore, sex differences must be considered when developing intervention strategies for reducing fear of falling in this demographic.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6792 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6792/5406

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 558 568 Sana ULLAH Dept. of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Khaista RAHMAN Dept. of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Mehdi HEDAYATI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 Background: Hyperbilirubinemia, or jaundice, is a life threatening disorder in newborns. It is a multifactorial disorder with many symptoms. Generally, the physiological jaundice is the most prevalent type however in some regions pathological jaundice is also common. This review article focuses on a brief introduction to jaundice, its types and causes, measuring the bilirubin level, clinical approaches towards hyperbilirubinemia, different precautionary measures for the parents of babies suffering from hyperbilirubinemia and different remedial therapeutic measures for its treatment. Methods: The main databases including Scopus, Pubmed, MEDLINE, Google scholar and Science Direct were researched to obtain the original papers related to the newborns’ hyperbilirubinemia. The main terms used to literature search were “newborns’ hyperbilirubinemia”, “newborns’ jaundice”, “Physiological Jaundice” and “Patholigical Jaundice”. The timeframe included the obtained articles was from 1952 to 2015.    Results: Neonatal jaundice due to breast milk feeding is also sometimes observed. Hemolytic jaundice occurs because of the incompatibility of blood groups with ABO and Rh factors, when the fetus and mother blood groups are not compatible and the fetus blood crosses the barrier of the umbilical cord before birth causing fetus blood hemolysis owing to severe immune response. Conclusion: Jaundice is easily diagnosable however require quick and on the spot treatment. If not treated properly, it leads to many complications. Currently the treatment options for jaundice include photo therapy, chemotherapy, and vaccinations.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6791 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6791/5405

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 688 689 Abdullah SARWAR Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor 63100, Malaysia David YONG GUN FIE Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor 63100, Malaysia Suhaimi MHD SARIF Faculty of Economics & Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Seyed Rajab NIKHSHEMI Dept. of Marketing, Sunway Business School, Selangor, Malaysia 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 No Abstract  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6805 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6805/5419

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 578 585 Zhi-Ze CHEN Dept. of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 Background: Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor with high mortality but effective therapy has not yet been developed. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid component in several Chinese herbs including Huanglian, has been shown to induce growth inhibition and the apoptosis of certain cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine the role of berberine on human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and its potential mechanism. Methods: The proliferation effect of U20S was exanimed by 3- (4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and the percentage of apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The expression of PI3K, p-Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, cleavage-PARP and Caspase3 were detected by Western blott. Results: Berberine treatment caused dose- dependent inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of U20S cell. Mechanistically, berberine inhibits PI3K/AKT activation that, in turn, results in up-regulating the expression of Bax, and PARP and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase3. In all, berberine can suppress the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of U2OS cell through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. Conclusion: Berberine can suppress the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of U2OS cell through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6793 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6793/5407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 690 692 Barbara JANKOWIAK Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Białystok, Poland Beata KOWALEWSKA Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Białystok, Poland Dzmitry FIODARAVICH KHVORIK Dept. of Dermatovenerology, Medical University of Grodno, Belarus Elżbieta KRAJEWSKA – KUŁAK Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Białystok, Poland Wiaczesław NICZYPORUK Medical Institute, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Poland 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 No Abstract.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6806 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6806/5420

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 586 595 Ismail TUKUR Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia Chan CHEEKHOON Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia Tin TINSU Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia Tukur MUHAMMED- BABA Dept. of Sociology Usman-Danfodio Sokoto State, Nigeria Munir’deen ADEREMI IJAIYA Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 Background: In many sub-Saharan African countries the rate of antenatal care (ANC) has been increased but skilled birth attendance rate is still low. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reasons why women prefer home delivery when facility based delivery is available at minimal cost. Methods: This study was conducted in Northwest Nigeria using a qualitative method (phenomenology) among five categories of women in April – May 2013. This study investigated different categories of women (those that never attend ANC nor deliver in the facility, those that attend ANC but delivered at home and those that delivered once in the facility but fail to return in subsequent deliveries, the in-laws and facilities staff). Results: Through focus group discussions and In-depth interviews several reasons why women are averse to hospital deliveries were identified. Women reported ignorance, abuse, illiteracy, and poverty, and low esteem, poor attitude of health workers, few working hours and some integrated health services like preventing mother to child transmission of HIV testing as deterrents, while cheap and accessible services were reasons for preference to traditional birth attendants. Conclusions: The findings highlighted important entrenched barriers to facility deliveries among women, which is basically socio-cultural and economic. Therefore emphasis must be given to health education program to ensure comprehensive and target specific messages that will address individual needs of the groups.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6794 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6794/5408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 693 695 Saeideh BABASHAHY Dept. of Healthcare Administration, School of Economics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey Abdolvahab BAGHBANIAN Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney AND School of Built Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Saeed MANAVI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Ali AK­BARI SARI Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza OLYAEE MANESH Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahram GHAFFARI Social Security Insurance Organization, Tehran, Iran Kambiz MONAZZAM Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Raziyeh RONASIYAN Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Abbas VOSOOGH Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Hamid RAVAGHI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Saeed KERMANCHI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Moussa TABATABAEI LOTFI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh TORABI Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6807 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6807/5421

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 5 2016 05 25 596 605 Qicai CHEN Dept. of Prevention and Health Care, Dongying Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China Juan XIAO Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China Pengpeng ZHANG Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China AND Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspections and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, China Lili CHEN Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China AND Dept. of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China Xiaoxiao CHEN Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China Shumei WANG Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China 2016 05 25 2016 05 25 Background: Increasing serum levels of uric acid (SUA) after menopause in women brought up a hypothesis that estrogenic effect may protectively regulate SUA. Estrogenic effect is a major etiology of uterine fibroids and fibrocystic breast disease. The study aisity among Rural-to-Urban Migrant 7-10y-old Children in Shanghai, China https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9398 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9398/5656

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 318 325 Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo BOZORGOMID Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahram KAZEMI Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Massoud BEHNIA Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hakim AZIZI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohammad Bagher ROKNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Background: We aimed to describe morphological and morphometrical characteristics of Fasciola spp. in livestock from Ardabil Province, Northwest Iran. Methods: Forty adult flukes were collected from different definitive hosts (cattle and sheep). Previously specimens were identified as F. hepatica or F. gigantica based on PCR-RFLP of the ITS-1 region with RsaI enzyme.  We identified Fasciola spp. based on morphological and metric assessment of external features of fresh adults, morphological and metric assessment of internal anatomy of stained mounted worms. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student’s t-test implemented in SPSS 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). Then the morphometric criteria of Fasciola samples were compared with PCR-RFLP data. The results of PCR-RFLP were confirmed by COI gene sequence. Results: The differences between the body length, area of the body, peripheral of the body, succer area, cone length, cone width, in two species were significant ( https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9385/5642

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 422 424 Youngran YANG School of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea Betty BEKEMEIER School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Jongsan CHOI College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Health-related Quality of Life and Related Factors among Rural Residents in Cambodia https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9399 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9399/5657

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 326 332 Maryam MALMIR Research Center of Life Style, Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KHANAHMADI Aging Research Center, Scientific Cultural Foundation of Farhud, Tehran, Iran Dariush FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Background: Happiness is a drive and constructive force of life. A person feels wellbeing under different effective factors. Religious dogmatism that has an influence on the entire world is one of the depreciatory factors of happiness or wellbeing. The current study decided to analyze the relation between dogmatism and wellbeing, and according to a model, answer the following question: how does religious dogmatism decrease wellbeing? Methods: This study is a correlation research. Population of study includes all people with 30-50 yr old who live in Tehran, Iran, in 2015. Among all, 180 subjects were selected as in access sample. The Oxford happiness questionnaire and Rokeach dogmatism scale were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Results: There is a significant negative correlation between dogmatism and happiness (α=0.05). Conclusion: Dogmatism is one of the factors that have a negative effect on wellbeing. Religious dogmatism is the most dangerous factor against wellbeing. Dogmatic individuals have an inflexible cognitive system that emerges as a stable personality trait and decreases their adjustment with environment. Affective well-being and cognitive wellbeing are affected by individual adjustment. Therefore, in dogmatic individuals with low adjustment, the decrease of affective well-being and cognitive wellbeing is inevitable. This process will result in decrease of happiness and increase of aggression.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9386/5643

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 425 427 Farooq NISMA Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Raheem ASIF Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Ali BASHARAT Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Microbiological Biosafety, Multiple Drug Resistance and  Functional Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Surfaces of Raw Vegetables https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9400 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9400/5658

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 333 341 Mansoureh KARIMZADEH Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nasser SALSABILI Dept. of IVF, Mirza Koochak Khan Hospital, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Firouzeh AKBARI ASBAGH Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Robab TEYMOURI Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golamreza POURMAND Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh SOLEIMANIEH NAEINI Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Background: Worldwide, infertility affects 10%-15% of couples and most of them seek medical help including Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatments. Undergoing ART treatments create many physical and emotional burdens. This study examined the psychological consequences of infertility in Iranian infertile males and females as well as their spouses, unlike previous studies that examined mainly females with infertility. Methods: Subjects in this descriptive analytical design were recruited from the IVF Department of Mirza Koochak Khan Hospital and the Rouyesh Infertility Treatment Center of Tehran, Iran between Aug 2014 and Sep 2015. Overall, 256 couples (64% response rate), consisting of 78 infertile male and their spouses and 50 infertile female and their spouses, were included in this research. The psychological disorders were measured by the Persian version of Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised and Cattle Inventory. Results: Psychological disorders of infertile couples are significantly associated with increasing age, higher education, longer duration of infertility and unemployment (P<0.05). Prevalence of anxiety, depression, hypochondriasis and paranoia in infertile females and spouses of infertile males were significantly higher than husbands of infertile females (P<0.05). Obsession was more sever in infertile females was significantly greater than infertile males (P=0.01). Depression was significantly lower in infertile males than their spouses (P=0.016). Conclusion: Iranian infertile females and spouses of infertile males experienced more psychological disorders than infertile males and spouses of infertile females. These results may be due to the impact of cultural beliefs and gender roles in Iranian society. Anxiety, depression, obsession, paranoia and hypochondriasis should be addressed before any ART treatments.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9387/5644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 428 430 Jakub MORZE Dept. of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Katarzyna Eufemia PRZYBYLOWICZ Dept. of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Anna DANIELEWICZ Dept. of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Małgorzata OBARA-GOLEBIOWSKA Dept. of Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Diet in Acne Vulgaris: Open or Solved Problem? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9401 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9401/5659

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 342 350 Kheirollah GHOLAMI Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elaheh LAALI Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan ABOLHASSANI Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stock-holm, Sweden Alireza AHMADVAND School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Niayesh MOHEBBI Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza JAVADI Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Asghar AGHAMOHAMMADI Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Nima REZAEI Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are heterogeneous group of inherited disorders mainly characterized by recurrent infections leading to several times hospital admissions. The economic impact of PID is a challenging issue; therefore, this study was designed to determine the medical costs of hospitalizations in this group of patients as an indicator of the direct cost of these diseases. Methods: One hundred and ten children with PID hospitalized in the Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included in this study during Jan 2011 and Jan 2012. All direct costs during the admission period were calculated, using the hospital information system. Results: Medical cost was 7.090$ per patient per admission. Among them, about 1.580$ belong to drug consuming during hospitalization. Anti-infective drugs for systemic use were the most cost-consuming group of drugs, followed by alimentary tract and metabolism and blood and blood forming organs agents. Investigation of anti-infective group internally showed that immune sera and immunoglobulin and antiviral agents for systemic use consisting the most important medication for PID patients during hospital admission. Conclusion: Although the results of economic evaluations in a region cannot necessarily be applied to other regions, having an overall estimation of hospital admission costs and types of drugs used during admission could be helpful in health policy system.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9388/5645

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 431 432 Seyed Ahmad SEYEDALINAGHI Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnam FARHOUDI Clinical Research Development Center, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Minoo MOHRAZ Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona MOHAMMADI FIROUZEH Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa HOSSEINI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kianoush KAMALI AIDS Office, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Prevalence of HIV in a Prison of Tehran by Active Case Finding https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9402 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9402/5660

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 351 356 Solmaz OHADIAN MOGHADAM Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza POURMAND Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh DOURAGHI Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira SABZI Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa GHAFFARI Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant challenge to the burn patient. The implementation of proper monitoring programs and prompt identification of epidemic MRSA strains are critical to consequently control and eradicate potential outbreaks. This study aimed to define the genetic relatedness of MRSA strains isolated from burn patients by analyzing the large fragments of DNA. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 126 pus/wound swabs from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) were collected from inpatients of Shahid Motahari Burn Center (Tehran, Iran) in 2013. Then, molecular typing of MRSA was achieved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: The PFGE analysis of MRSA indicated 31 single types and 5 common types. There was a significant diversity in the chromosomal digestion pattern of the MRSA strains explained by the acquisition of MRSA from various sources. Conclusion: The permanent import of novel types of MRSA strains despite the rigorous infection control measures carried out within the center. The importance of PFGE in understanding the epidemiology of MRSA may serve as a basis for the development of rational control strategies.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9389/5646

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 3 2017 03 14 433 434 Morteza BAGHERPOUR Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Asma ERJAEE Dept. of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 03 14 2017 03 14 The Role of Project Management Office in Public Health: A New Approach for Establishment in Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9403 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9403/5661

https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9760 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9760/5631

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 579 580 Ali Asghar VALIPOUR Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran Mahdi MOHAMMADIAN Dept. of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Mahin GHAFARI Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Abdollah MOHAMMADIAN-HAFSHEJANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Predict the Future Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer in Iran from 2012-2035 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9773 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9773/5669

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 525 529 Mehdi NATEGHPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali HOSSEININASAB Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mehrdad FARROKHNIA Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Foroughieh DASTOURI Kerman Province Health Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Katayun ALIDOOSTI Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Dadkhoda SADEQUI Kahnouj Health Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Asadollah AHMADI Kahnouj Health Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Malaria is a big problem of public health in many tropical countries where socioeconomic development is deficient. Four species of plasmodium are capable of infecting human: P. falciparum, P. malaria, P.vivax, P. ovale. Southeastern corner of Iran, including Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan and the tropical part of Kerman Province, are endemic region of malaria. This study aimed to find out clinical findings in malaria caused by various plasmodium species in moderate transmission area of southern Kerman Province. Methods: This study was conducted in health centers of Kahnooj, Manujan, Ghale-Ganj, Roudbar and Fariab in south of Kerman Province, Southeastern Iran during 2005-2009. Three hundred and thirty patients with positive malaria parasite slides entered the study. Frequencies of several malaria clinical presentations were investigated in four plasmodium species. Results: 54.2% of considered patients were male. Mean age of patients was 22.8±17.8 yr. Younger and older patient were 6 months and 80 yr, respectively. Ten patients were infected with P. falciparum, 314 with plasmodium vivax and 6 with mixed infection. The symptoms of fever, chills and sweating were present in 74.6% of subjects. Other complaints were joint pain, headache, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea. Splenomegaly was detected in 17.57% of the individuals. Conclusion: Malaria should be considered in differential diagnosis of all acutely febrile patients in endemic area. Classic symptoms of fever, chills and sweating may not present in all of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9762 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9762/5708

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 581 582 Mohamad ZARENEYESTANAK Dept. of Psychology and Education of Exceptional ‎Children, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Masoud Gholamali LAVASANI Dept. of Psychology and Educational Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Gholamali AFROOZ Dept. of Psychology and Educational Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Predicted Weight of Infants According to Biological, Psychological and Social Variables of Mothers in Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9774 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9774/5670

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 530 536 Ravan AHMADI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehrzad HAJIALILO Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Amir GHORBANIHAGHJO Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Ali MOTA Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sina RAEISI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Nasrin BARGAHI Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad VALILO Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Farahnaz ASKARIAN Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 Background: Scleroderma is a chronic connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) that play particular functions in calcium and phosphate homeostasis may be involved in the etiology of this disorder. Klotho, the co-receptor of the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), can interfere with calcium and phosphate metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum Klotho, FGF-23, intact PTH (iPTH) and vitamin D levels in scleroderma patients compared with the healthy controls. Methods: The study was performed in Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) from 2014-2015. Sixty scleroderma patients based on the classification criteria of systemic sclerosis and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Serum Klotho, FGF-23, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH Vit D), and iPTH levels were analyzed using ELISA. Results: Serum levels of Klotho and 25-OH Vit D in the scleroderma patients were lower than those in the healthy controls (P˂0.001). In addition, scleroderma patients had higher serum iPTH levels than the controls (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum FGF-23 levels between the patients and controls (P=0.202). Conclusion: The decreased serum Klotho, 25-OH Vit D, and increased iPTH levels in the scleroderma patients may be associated with the pathogenesis of this disease and could be considered a future therapeutic target.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9763 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9763/5633

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 583 584 Ahmad KALATEH SADATI Dept. of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 2017 04 26 2017 04 26 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9775/5671

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 4 2017 04 26 537 544 Elmira EBRAHIMI Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tayebeh SABOKBAR Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran Univer