Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 289 296 Pedro GIRON Dept. of Estadística e Investigación Operativa III, Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: To analyse time trends in self-rated health in older people by gender and age and examine disability in the time trends of self-rated health. Methods: The data used come from the Spanish National Health Surveys conducted in 2001, 2003, 2006 and 2011-12. Samples of adults aged 16 yr and older were selected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between age, gender, socio-economic status, marital status, disability and self-rated health across period study. Results: Women exhibited lower (higher) prevalence of good self-rated health (disability) compared to men. The multivariate analysis for time trends found that good self-rated health increased from 2001 to 2012. Overall, variables associated with a lower likelihood of good self-rated health were: being married or living with a partner, lower educational level, and disability. Conclusion: Trends of good self-rated health differ by gender according to socio-demographic factors and the prevalence of disability.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6260 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6260/5321

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 278 288 Javad MOGHRI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali AKBARI SARI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Physician dual practice is a common phenomenon in almost all countries throughout the world, which could potential impacts on access, equity and quality of services. This paper aims to review studies in physician dual practice and categorize them in order to their main objectives and purposes. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were undertaken in order to obtain main papers and documents in the field of physician dual practice. Systematic searches in Medline and Embase from 1960 to 2013, and general searches in some popular search engines were carried out in this way. After that, descriptive mapping review methods were utilized to categorize eligible studies in this area. Results: The searches obtained 404 titles, of which 81 full texts were assessed. Finally, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in our review. These studies were categorized into four groups - "motivation and forces behind dual practice", "consequences of dual practice", "dual practice Policies and their impacts", and "other studies" - based on their main objectives. Our findings showed a dearth of scientifically reliable literature in some areas of dual practice, like the prevalence of the phenomenon, the real consequences of it, and the impacts of the implemented policy measures. Conclusion: Rigorous empirical and evaluative studies should be designed to detect the real consequences of DP and assess the effects of interventions and regulations, which governments have implemented in this field.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6259 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6259/5320

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 370 375 Shokouh Azam SARRAFZADEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam MAHLOOJIRAD Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam NOURIZA­DEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jean-Laurent CASANOVA Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USAPediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France Zahra POURPAK Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jacinta BUSTAMANTE Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Mostafa MOIN Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15   Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare inheritance syndrome, characterized by a disseminated infection with mycobacterium in children following BCG vaccination at birth. Regarding the vaccination program in Iran, it may consider as a public health problem. The pathogenesis of MSMD is dependent on either insufficient production of IFN-gamma (γ) or inadequate response to it. Here, we want to introduce three cases including two siblings and one girl from two unrelated families with severe mycobacterial infections referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), from 2013 to 2015; their MSMD was confirmed by both cytokine assessment and genetic analysis. Regarding the clinical features of the patients, cell proliferation against a mitogen and BCG antigen was ordered in a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) setting. ELISA was performed for the measurement of IL-12p70 and IFN- γ in whole blood samples activated by BCG + recombinant human IFN-γ and BCG + recombinant human IL-12, respectively. In contrast to mitogen, the antigen-dependent proliferation activity of the patients’ leukocytes was significantly lower than that in normal range. We identified a homozygous mutation in IL12RB1 gene for two kindred who had a homozygous mutation affecting an essential splice site. For the third patient, a novel frameshift deletion in IL12RB1 gene was found. The genetic study results confirmed the impaired function of stimulated lymphocytes to release IFN-γ following stimulation with BCG+IL-12 while the response to rhIFN-γ for IL-12p70 production was relatively intact. Our findings show that cellular and molecular assessments are needed for precise identification of immunodeficiency disorders especially those without clear-cut diagnostic criteria.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6270 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6270/5333

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 387 389 Seongeon KIM Dept. of Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea Jooyoung KIM Health and Rehabilitation Major, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea Yongsoo LEE Dept. of Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea Min Keun SEO Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Choong Ju, Korea Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Choong Ju, Korea 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6273 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6273/5336

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 297 304 Yongqing GAO School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China Chunsheng CAI School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China Jian LI School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA Wenjie SUN School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China AND School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: To examine the effect of nutritional education on children’s breakfast patterns Methods: A kindergarten based nutrition intervention was started in September 2001 among 8 kindergartens in Hefei with a total of 2,012 children aged 4-6 years and their parent pairs. Results: Monthly nutrition education sessions were held over two semesters in kindergartens part of the intervention arm.  The approach in education and the content of other activities were uniform across all the kindergartens. A validated questionnaire was used to record breakfast behavior over 7 days including at least one weekend. The parents recorded the children’s breakfast pattern (frequency, time, and food selection) at baseline, middle, and end of the study. After intervention, there were significant differences at the final stage, but none at the baseline before intervention. There were changes not only in breakfast frequency, but also in the breakfast selection Conclusion: The breakfast pattern of Chinese children can be modified through nutrition education after a long term intervention.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6261 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6261/5322

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 376 380 Mohammad Yahya VAHIDI MEHRJARDI Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Masoud DEHGHAN TEZERJANI Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahmoud NORI-SHADKAM Dept. of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyed Mehdi KALANTAR Dept. of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammadreza DEHGHANI Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 The interpretation of supernumerary chromosome is important for genetic counseling and prognosis. Here, we used SNP array and conventional karyotyping method to identify a denovo marker chromosome originated from chromosome 22 and 11 in a newborn transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in 2015.  Clinical abnormalities identified in the newborn were dysmorphic face, intrauterine growth retardation, atrial septal defect (ASD), the hypoplasia of corpus callosum and septum pellucidum. These clinical abnormalities can be related to this marker, and it may help genetic counselor for predicting abnormality risk in susceptible individuals as well as prenatal diagnosis.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6271 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6271/5334

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 390 391 Peng QUAN Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China Dan HUANG Guangdong Women’s Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China Yulan YU Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China Ruiming LIU Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6274 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6274/4652 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6274/5337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 305 313 Dursun TATAR 1. Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Gunes SENOL Dept. of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Turkey Serpil ALPTEKIN Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Ebru GUNES Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Mert AYDIN Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Ozdal GUNES Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main health issues in Turkey. Extrapulmonary TB cases have significant proportion comparing pulmonary TB cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in two regions of Turkey, which have different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, EPTB cases between 2000 and 2005 in Van and Izmir Provinces of Turkey were analyzed and compared for symptoms, age groups, vaccination status, diagnostic procedures and social-economical conditions within two provinces. Descriptive analytic methods were used. Results: Total of 397 EPTB cases were reviewed retrospectively in Izmir and Van provinces. Pleural TB was most often seen EPTB form (47.6% vs. 32.6%) and female/male ratio was similar in both groups. Patients were in older ages in Izmir Province. Chest pain (20% vs. 32%), cough (33% vs. 26%) and night sweatiness (29% vs. 36%) were leading complaints. Low BCG vaccination rate and higher childhood EPTB were found in Van group, in contrary elderly EPTB was more often in of Izmir group. Conclusion: Frequency of severe forms of EPTB is more often in younger ages in lower social economical condition areas.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6262 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6262/5323

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 381 386 Anca PORUMB Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Ioana IGNAT ROMANUL Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Camelia DALAI Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Gabiela CIAVOI Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania Ioan Andrei TIG Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 This case of a female patient, 14 yr old with association of the two anomalies, which we came across with in 2014, is rarely met in the specialty practice. The impacted canines are part of the group of dental anomalies of position, while the agenesis is part of the group of dental number anomalies. The orthodontic treatment in the two arches has to be differentiated, the therapeutic objectives being, also different in the two arches.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6272 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6272/5335

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 392 393 Kaan SAVASOGLU Dept. of Medical Genetics, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey Mehmet EMIN ERDAL Dept. of Medical Biology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6275 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6275/4653 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6275/5338

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 314 321 Wenxin XU Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China Menglong LI Physical Education Institute, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China Jiwei YAO Physical Education Institute, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Anxiety, depression, and other adverse psychological reactions are often observed in elderly hypertensive patients. Appropriate exercise is a safe form of adjuvant therapy without causing side effects among these patients, with consistent effects on patients’ mental health. In this study, a collective exercise intervention experiment was conducted to evaluate the mental health of elderly hypertensive patients and to verify the effect of the psychological intervention of collective exercise. Method: A total of 115 elderly hypertensive patients aged 60–70 years old were selected as study subjects from May 2012 to January 2015 in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China. A total of 57 patients were included in the control group and 58 patients were assigned in the experimental group. Patients in the experimental group participated in a 12 weeks exercise intervention, while patients in the control group didn’t participate in any regular physical exercise. Results: After intervention, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), total score, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoia scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The positive coping style score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); by contrast, the negative coping style score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The mental health level and coping ability of elderly hypertensive patients can be effectively improved with the proposed treatment.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6263 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6263/5324

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 394 395 Faizan SHERAZ Army Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan Fatima HEMANI Sindh Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan Hasnain Abbas DHARAMSHI Masoomeen Hospital Trust, Karachi, Pakistan 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6276 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6276/5340

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 322 328 Ensieh LOTFALI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parivash KORDBACHEH Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein MIRHENDI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farideh ZAINI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali GHAJARI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rasoul MOHAMMADI Dept. of Medical, Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh NOORBAKHSH Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran Maryam MO­AZENI Invasive Fungi Research Center, Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Aliakbar FALLAHI Dept. of Microbiology & Parasitology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Sassan REZAIE Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Candida parapsilosis is an emergent agent of invasive fungal infections. This yeast is one of the five most widespread yeasts concerned in invasive candidiasis. C. parapsilosis stands out as the second most common yeast species isolated from patients with bloodstream infections especially in neonates with catheter. Recently several reports suggested that its reduced susceptibility to azoles and polyene might become a cause for clinical concern, although C. parapsilosis is not believed to be intensely prone to the development of antifungal resistance. Methods: In the present report, One hundred and twenty clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis complex were identified and differentiated by using PCR-RFLP analysis. The isolates were then analyzed to determine their susceptibility profile to fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITC) and amphotericin B. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results were analyzed according to the standard CLSI guide. Results: All of isolates were identified as C. parapsilosis. No C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis strains were found. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility profile showed that only three (2.5%) C. parapsilosis were resistant to fluconazole, three (2.5%) C. parapsilosis were resistant to itraconazole and two (1.7%) C. parapsilosis were amphotericin B resistant. Conclusion: Profiles in clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis can provide important information for the control of antifungal resistance as well as distribution and susceptibility profiles in populations.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6264 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6264/5325

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 396 398 Ozgur Zeliha KARAAHMET Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Ajda BAL Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Deniz DULGEROGLU Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Eda GURCAY Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Halise Hande GEZER Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Aytul CAKCI Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6277 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6277/5341

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 329 339 Hoorieh SAGHAFI Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid HAGHJOO Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima SABBAGH Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niloofar SAMIEE Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farve VAKILIAN Preventive Cardiovascular Care Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad TAGHI SALEHI OMRAN Roohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Bobol, Iran Masoomeh DADASHI Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad AMIN Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KERAMATIPOUR Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomere proteins. Nowadays genetic testing of HCM plays an important role in clinical practice by contributing to the diagnosis, prognosis, and screening of high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was developing a reliable testing strategy for HCM based on linkage analysis and appropriate for Iranian population. Methods: Six panels of four microsatellite markers surrounding MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, TPM1, and MYL2 genes (24 markers in total) were selected for multiplex PCR and fragment length analysis. Characteristics of markers and informativeness of the panels were evaluated in 50 unrelated Iranians. Tsychological burden to the community. The prevalence of Hepatitis B is useful for evaluating the blood products' safety and donor selection methods. We aimed to predict the prevalence of hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors from 2000-2016. Methods: Positive cases of hepatitis B from 2006 to 2014 were collected from Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. This database was classified according to the age, provinces, and type of donation. Data was not existed in all subnational levels and all years, therefore, for predicting the hepatitis B prevalence, two separate, Spatio-temporal and mixed model (GLMM) were developed. Results: At the national level, the hepatitis B prevalence declined from 0.69 (0.51 to 0.90) in 2000 to 0.27 (0.21 to 0.33) in 2016. In first-time, regular, and repeated donors, this prevalence declined from 2.31 (1.74 to 2.31), 0.26 (0.19 to 0.34), and 0.51 (0.38 to 0.68) in 2000 to 0.87 (0.69 to 1.09), 0.09 (0.07 to 0.12), and 0.19 (0.14 to 0.24) in 2016. At the provincial level, the highest and lowest prevalence in 2016 was observed in North Khorasan and Gilan. With increasing age, the average prevalence of hepatitis B, increased. Conclusion: Prevalence of hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors has been reduced significantly over 17 years, but still new cases of hepatitis B are reported. By precise monitoring the donor selection process and implementing more sensitive laboratory screening, we can reduce the risk of new infectious agents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20587 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20587/7352

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1863 1871 Hossein-Ali Nikbakht Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abbas Rezaianzadeh Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mozhgan Seif Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Haleh Ghaem Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sci-ences, Shiraz, Iran 2020 03 01 2020 06 24 Background: We aimed to estimate the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of metabolic syndrome components based on variables including gender, BMI, and age groups in a population-based study with large sample size. Methods: This study was conducted on 10663 individuals 40-70 yr old in Phase 1 of the Persian Kharameh cohort study conducted in 2014-2017. EFA of the metabolic syndrome components, including waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and fasting blood sugar (FBS), was performed on all participants by gender, BMI (Body Mass Index), and age groups. Results: EFA results in the whole population based on eigenvalues ​​greater than one showed two factors explaining 56.06% of the total variance. Considering factor loadings higher than 0.3, the first factor included: DBP, SBP, and WC, named as hypertension factor. The second factor also included TG, negative-loaded HDL, FBS, and WC, named as lipid factor. Almost similar patterns were extracted based on subgroups.  Conclusion: MetS is a multi-factorial syndrome. Both blood pressure and lipid had a central role in this study and obesity was an important factor in both ones. Hypertension, having the highest factor loading, can generally be a valuable screening parameter for cardiovascular and metabolic risk assessment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19864 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19864/7353

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1872 1881 Niloofar Rashidi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sassan Rezaie Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Jamal Hashemi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aziziollah Habibi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi Baghersad Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roshanak Daie Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sadegh Khodavaisy Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Heidar Bakhshi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Salimi Nanobiotechnology Reserch Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Muhammad Ibraim Getso Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Rafat Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 02 18 2020 05 08 Background: Candida albicans remains the main cause of candidiasis in most clinical settings. Available drugs for candidiasis treatment have many side effects. In this work, novel nitroglycerin derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic and antifungal effects evaluated against fluconazole susceptible and resistant clinical C. albicans isolates. Methods: This experimental study was performed in Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran between Feb to Dec 2019. The in vitro activities of two novel nitroglycerin derivatives (1b and 2b) against 25 clinical fluconazole-susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates and four standard C. albicans strains were determined according to CLSI reference M27-A3 documents. The cytotoxicity of chemical compounds was investigated near the SNL76/7 cells by colorimetric assay. Real-time PCRs were performed to evaluate the alterations in the regulation of ERG11 and CDR1 genes under nitroglycerin derivatives-treated and untreated conditions. Results: The derivatives 1b and 2b exhibited potent antifungal activity against C. albicans isolates; MICs and MFCs varied from 18 μg/ml to 72 μg/ml and 36 μg/ml to 144 μg/ml, respectively. The cell viability evaluation demonstrated that both chemical compounds are safe within 24h. The nitroglycerin derivatives were able to reduce the transcription level of CDR1 and ERG11 genes in all susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates. Conclusion: Considering the potential and efficacy of these compounds against clinical C. albicans isolates, the complementary in vivo and clinical trials should be investigated. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19775/7354

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1882 1886 Ramin Hamidi Farahani Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Emran Esmaeilzadeh 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran Amir Nezami Asl Department of Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Foad Heidari Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Hazrati Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 13 2021 03 06 Background: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system composed of a group of related proteins with important functions in the immune system. Several studies have reported that there is a significant association between specific HLA alleles and the susceptibility to different infectious diseases. This study aimed to detect the specific HLA alleles that cause higher susceptibility to COVID-19, we analyzed the HLA allele frequency distribution in Iranian patients with a severe form of COVID-19. Methods: Overall, 48 severe cases of COVID-19 that were hospitalized and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission between Oct and Dec 2020 were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples and HLA typing (Locus A, B, and DR) was performed for the patients. Results: After analyzing and comparing the results with a reference group of 500 Iranian individuals, a significant association was found for HLA-B*38, HLA-A*68, HLA-A*24, and HLA-DRB1*01. Conclusion: These results may be valuable for studying the potential association of specific HLA alleles with susceptibility to COVID-19 and mortality due to the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23866 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23866/7355

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1887 1896 Mina Nejati The Cancer Institute at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Moaven Razavi The Schneider Institutes for Health Policy at the Heller School of Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA Iraj Harirchi The Cancer Institute at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Zanganeh Deputy of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Salari Iran Small Businesses and Industrial Parks Organization, Qazvin, Iran Seyed Mosa Tabatabaee Deputy of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 09 19 2020 02 05 Background: To estimate the resource use and costs associated to the initial phase of treatment for colorectal cancer in Iran. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using routinely collected data within Electronic Health Records System (SEPAS), a national database representing public hospitals in Iran between March 20, 2016 and March 19, 2017. Primary end points included healthcare resource use, direct medical and non-medical costs of care in the 12-month study period. Results: The study population included 657 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery and the follow-up chemotherapy. We estimated a total direct cost of $21,407 per patient. The results indicated that direct medical costs were primarily driven by inpatient hospital care, followed by surgery, chemotherapy, and diagnostic services. Conclusion: The initial 12-month of treatment for colorectal cancer, including surgery and the follow-up chemotherapy, is resource intensive. The total direct costs associated to the disease are remarkable, with Inpatient hospital services being the main contributor followed by surgery and chemotherapy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18401 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18401/7356

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1897 1901 Ali Mardi Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Heidary Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Khazaei Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eskandar Taghizadeh Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2020 07 05 2020 10 14 Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the renal reabsorption of cystine, arginine, lysine and ornithine are disturbed. The two genes, the pathogenic forms of which are responsible for the disorder, are SLC7A9 and SLC3A1. In this study, we describe a disease that has a new c.916A> T variant (p. K306 *) in exon 5 of the SLC3A1 gene. This variant results in the NMD phenomenon in which the protein product is not produced because of mRNA destruction. In 2020, blood sample of a 41-yr-old man from east Azerbaijan, Iran together with his parents were collected to be studied. PCR and direct sequencing were performed to detect the possible SLC3A1 variant. Whole-gene sequence analysis done by Mutation surveyor Software revealed a novel nonsense homozygous variant in exon 5 of the gene. Parental Sequence Analysis shows that they are heterozygous. According to ACMG guideline, this variant is considered as pathogen. Finding serious mutations can allow rapid screening for cystinuria by analyzing common mutations. It should also be considered as a pathogenic variant in patients’ cystinuria. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21346/7357

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1902 1903 Jung Hun Lee National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Tae Yeong Kim National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Sumera Kausar Malik National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Jeong Ho Jeon National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Young Bae Kim Biotechnology Program, North Shore Community College, 1 Ferncroft Road, Danvers, MA 01923, USA Sang Hee Lee National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea 2019 03 17 2019 04 20 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16594 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16594/7358

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1904 1906 Liying Yao 1. School of Sport, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, 334000, China 2. Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia Yiqiong