Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 289 296 Pedro GIRON Dept. of Estadística e Investigación Operativa III, Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: To analyse time trends in self-rated health in older people by gender and age and examine disability in the time trends of self-rated health. Methods: The data used come from the Spanish National Health Surveys conducted in 2001, 2003, 2006 and 2011-12. Samples of adults aged 16 yr and older were selected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between age, gender, socio-economic status, marital status, disability and self-rated health across period study. Results: Women exhibited lower (higher) prevalence of good self-rated health (disability) compared to men. The multivariate analysis for time trends found that good self-rated health increased from 2001 to 2012. Overall, variables associated with a lower likelihood of good self-rated health were: being married or living with a partner, lower educational level, and disability. Conclusion: Trends of good self-rated health differ by gender according to socio-demographic factors and the prevalence of disability.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6260 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6260/5321

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 278 288 Javad MOGHRI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash RASHIDIAN Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali AKBARI SARI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: Physician dual practice is a common phenomenon in almost all countries throughout the world, which could potential impacts on access, equity and quality of services. This paper aims to review studies in physician dual practice and categorize them in order to their main objectives and purposes. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were undertaken in order to obtain main papers and documents in the field of physician dual practice. Systematic searches in Medline and Embase from 1960 to 2013, and general searches in some popular search engines were carried out in this way. After that, descriptive mapping review methods were utilized to categorize eligible studies in this area. Results: The searches obtained 404 titles, of which 81 full texts were assessed. Finally, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in our review. These studies were categorized into four groups - "motivation and forces behind dual practice", "consequences of dual practice", "dual practice Policies and their impacts", and "other studies" - based on their main objectives. Our findings showed a dearth of scientifically reliable literature in some areas of dual practice, like the prevalence of the phenomenon, the real consequences of it, and the impacts of the implemented policy measures. Conclusion: Rigorous empirical and evaluative studies should be designed to detect the real consequences of DP and assess the effects of interventions and regulations, which governments have implemented in this field.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6259 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6259/5320

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 370 375 Shokouh Azam SARRAFZADEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam MAHLOOJIRAD Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam NOURIZA­DEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jean-Laurent CASANOVA Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USAPediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France Zahra POURPAK Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jacinta BUSTAMANTE Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Mostafa MOIN Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15   Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare inheritance syndrome, characterized by a disseminated infection with mycobacterium in children following BCG vaccination at birth. Regarding the vaccination program in Iran, it may consider as a public health problem. The pathogenesis of MSMD is dependent on either insufficient production of IFN-gamma (γ) or inadequate response to it. Here, we want to introduce three cases including two siblings and one girl from two unrelated families with severe mycobacterial infections referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), from 2013 to 2015; their MSMD was confirmed by both cytokine assessment and genetic analysis. Regarding the clinical features of the patients, cell proliferation against a mitogen and BCG antigen was ordered in a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) setting. ELISA was performed for the measurement of IL-12p70 and IFN- γ in whole blood samples activated by BCG + recombinant human IFN-γ and BCG + recombinant human IL-12, respectively. In contrast to mitogen, the antigen-dependent proliferation activity of the patients’ leukocytes was significantly lower than that in normal range. We identified a homozygous mutation in IL12RB1 gene for two kindred who had a homozygous mutation affecting an essential splice site. For the third patient, a novel frameshift deletion in IL12RB1 gene was found. The genetic study results confirmed the impaired function of stimulated lymphocytes to release IFN-γ following stimulation with BCG+IL-12 while the response to rhIFN-γ for IL-12p70 production was relatively intact. Our findings show that cellular and molecular assessments are needed for precise identification of immunodeficiency disorders especially those without clear-cut diagnostic criteria.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6270 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6270/5333

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 387 389 Seongeon KIM Dept. of Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea Jooyoung KIM Health and Rehabilitation Major, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea Yongsoo LEE Dept. of Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea Min Keun SEO Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Choong Ju, Korea Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Choong Ju, Korea 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6273 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6273/5336

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 297 304 Yongqing GAO School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China Chunsheng CAI School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China Jian LI School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA Wenjie SUN School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China AND School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 Background: To examine the effect of nutritional education on children’s breakfast patterns Methods: A kindergarten based nutrition intervention was started in September 2001 among 8 kindergartens in Hefei with a total of 2,012 children aged 4-6 years and their parent pairs. Results: Monthly nutrition education sessions were held over two semesters in kindergartens part of the intervention arm.  The approach in education and the content of other activities were uniform across all the kindergartens. A validated questionnaire was used to record breakfast behavior over 7 days including at least one weekend. The parents recorded the children’s breakfast pattern (frequency, time, and food selection) at baseline, middle, and end of the study. After intervention, there were significant differences at the final stage, but none at the baseline before intervention. There were changes not only in breakfast frequency, but also in the breakfast selection Conclusion: The breakfast pattern of Chinese children can be modified through nutrition education after a long term intervention.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6261 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6261/5322

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 376 380 Mohammad Yahya VAHIDI MEHRJARDI Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Masoud DEHGHAN TEZERJANI Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahmoud NORI-SHADKAM Dept. of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyed Mehdi KALANTAR Dept. of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammadreza DEHGHANI Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AND Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 The interpretation of supernumerary chromosome is important for genetic counseling and prognosis. Here, we used SNP array and conventional karyotyping method to identify a denovo marker chromosome originated from chromosome 22 and 11 in a newborn transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in 2015.  Clinical abnormalities identified in the newborn were dysmorphic face, intrauterine growth retardation, atrial septal defect (ASD), the hypoplasia of corpus callosum and septum pellucidum. These clinical abnormalities can be related to this marker, and it may help genetic counselor for predicting abnormality risk in susceptible individuals as well as prenatal diagnosis.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6271 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6271/5334

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 390 391 Peng QUAN Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China Dan HUANG Guangdong Women’s Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China Yulan YU Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China Ruiming LIU Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China 2016 03 15 2016 03 15 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6274 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6274/4652 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6274/5337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 3 2016 03 15 305 313 Dursun TATAR 1. Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Gunes SENOL Dept. of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Turkey Serpil ALPTEKIN Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Ebru GUNES Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Resjph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10989/5675

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1297 1298 Seung-Won YANG College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Se-Jeong KWON College of Sport Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Korea Joon-Sung PARK Division of Wellbeing Physical Education, Silla University, Pusan, Korea Tae-Young KIM College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Nam-Il AN Division of Culture Creativity, Korea University, Sejong, Korea Young-Sub LEE Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Influence of Youth Baseball Players’ Pitches on Range of Motion and Ball Speed https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11008 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11008/5694

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1211 1216 Xiangyu CHEN Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Le FANG Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Hongbo LIN Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Peng SHEN Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Tao ZHANG Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Hui LI Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Xiaoyong LI Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Min YU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Chunxiao XU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Jie ZHANG Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Feng LU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Xiaofu DU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Ruying HU Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Jieming ZHONG Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: Currently, the studies on the relationship between type 2 diabetes and platelets indicators were carried out on a selective small sample population generally. Large sample studies in this area are rare, especially in Chinese population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and the mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT) and platelet distribution width (PDW). Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the routine health examination data from 20128 participants with complete baseline data in Yinzhou District 2013. The detection of indicators in this study was completed by automatic hematology analyzer. Results: The PDW and PLT were not significantly different between diabetic group and non-diabetic group, (16.00% vs. 16.00%, P=0.88, and 194*109/L vs. 196*109/L, P=0.05 respectively). The MPV was significantly higher in diabetic group (9.3fl vs. 9.2fl, P<0.05). MPV was an independent risk factor of diabetes mellitus (Unadjusted OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.11), Adjusted for age, sex OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12)). The adjusted odds ratio of diabetes rose with increasing MPV levels and were most pronounced in subjects with MPV levels exceeding the 90th percentile (MPV≥10.70 fl, Crude or=1.23 adjusted or=1.19). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the presence of diabetes with PDW and PLT. The MPV was independently associated with the presence of diabetes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10993 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10993/5679

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1299 1300 Salah ABERKANE Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Khenchela University, Khenchela, Algeria 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Perceived Health Related Quality of Life Outcomes with Silicosis Patients https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11009 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11009/5695

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1217 1222 Qinghui KONG Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Jiang GUO Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Jing ZHOU Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Yanling ZHANG Dept. of Teaching and Research, School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Xiaoyan DOU Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: We aimed to identify factors influencing the therapeutic outcome of orthokeratology on controlling juvenile myopia progression, and the risk factors for complications. Methods: Myopic patients (n=724) in Shenzhen Second Hospital from Jan 2011 to Jan 2016 fitted with orthokeratology lenses and followed-up for 6–65 months were reviewed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for the factors that can improve treatment outcome and prevent the development of complications. Results: Patients where the orthokeratology treatment was effective displayed a shorter myopia time, smaller diopter and corneal curvature, larger corneal endothelium density, high proportion of overnight wear and longer wearing times compared with patients whose treatments were ineffective. Additionally, wearing Ortho-k for 6 or 12 months yielded improved corrective effect and achieved higher comfort level. Logistic regression analyses showed that myopia time, diopter, corneal curvature e value, corneal endothelium density, time with Ortho-k and corrective effect after wearing Ortho-k for 6 or 12 months were all independent factors influencing the treatment effects. Results showed corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and central corneal thickness were independent risk factors. Conclusion: This study systematically identified the factors leading to effective treatments, and those carrying a risk for complications, to provide guidance for the prescription and follow-up of orthokeratology in the treatment of juvenile myopia.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10994 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10994/5680

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1301 1302 Mohammed ALBASHTAWY Community and Mental Health Department, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, AL al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Pediculosis in School Sitting: What Is the Role of School Nurses? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11010 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11010/5696

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1223 1230 Yinhua ZHANG Dept. of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China AND Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Qun YUAN Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Xia YI Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Honghua LIU Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Xiaoyan PAN Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Jingwei LIU Medical Insurance Bureau of Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China Yi XU Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Yang CHEN Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China Guoping HE Dept. of Fundamentals of Nursing, School of Nursing, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: China had implemented policies to limit antimicrobials prescription since 2004; we conducted this study to reflect the effect of these national policies by analyzing antimicrobial prescription trends of medical insurance in patients from 2003 to 2014 in Changsha city, China. Methods: The participants were inpatients of the medical insurance of urban workers (UEBMI). Data were extracted from medical insurance information system of Changsha Medical Insurance Institution, which directly connects with hospitals information systems. Results: Trend analysis showed great changes in antimicrobial prescription and inpatients’ cost on antimicrobials over the study period. Antimicrobial prescription rates gradually declined over the study period from 79.0% in 2003 to 43.5% in 2014 (adjusted OR0.205; 95%CI 0.198 to 0.213). There was a quicker decline from 2011 to 2014 (with implementing national antimicrobial stewardship action plan) than the period from 2003 to 2010 (with implementing antimicrobials use education and self-management strategies). The proportion of inpatients used one antimicrobial increased significantly from 25.6% in 2003 to 46.7% in 2014, while the proportion of inpatients used three or more antimicrobials gradually decreased. Bacterial culture rate increased from 20.4% in 2003 to 36.6% in 2014 (adjusted OR 2.248; 95% CI 2.149 to 2.352). The average costs on antimicrobials decreased significantly, from 277.43 US Dollar in 2003 to 91.05 US Dollar in 2014. Conclusion: National efforts to promote rational use of antimicrobials in clinical practice have had a positive effect over the past decade in China.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10995 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10995/5681

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1303 1304 Aziz KASSANI Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Abdolvahab BAGHBANIAN Health Systems and Global Populations, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Walieh MENATI Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Suicide: An Un-resolved and Under-recognized Health Problem among People of Ilam Province (The Most Popular Suicide Spot in Iran) https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11011/5697

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1231 1236 Yan YU Dept. of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Lijuan HU Dept. of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Xingu CHEN Dept. of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Mei GE Dept. of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Huijuan ZHU Dept. of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China Yusheng YAN Dept. of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: We investigated the application of a predictive nursing education process on the degree of comfort and quality of life for cancer patients. Methods: A total of 168-cancer patient in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China between June 2014 and June 2016 were enrolled and admitted for surgery or radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment. Patients were randomly divided into control and observation groups, each containing 84 cases. Patients in the control group received routine cancer care, whereas the observation group received care incorporating a predictive nursing education process. Patients were assessed after admission and prior to discharge via the Kolcaba's comfort status scale (through a General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ)), quality of life scale (QOL), and Barthel Index (BI) for activities of daily living (ADL). Patient mental state was also evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Results: GCQ, QOL, and BI scores of the observation group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The predictive nursing education process could significantly improve degree of comfort and activities of daily living for cancer patients, and thus improve mental states and quality of life.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10996 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10996/5682

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1305 1306 Mohammad ZAMANI Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Cancer Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Vahid ZAMANI Vice-Chancellery for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus: An Assessment of the  Evidence https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11012 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11012/5698

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 9 2017 09 03 1237 1246 Alimohamad ASGHARI ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Skull Base Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad FARHADI ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad DANESHI ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi KHABAZKHOOB Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saman MOHAZZAB-TORABI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Maryam JALESSI Skull Base Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hesamedin EMAMJOMEH ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 03 2017 09 03 Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment (HI) by age and gender in a population aged 5 yr and older residing in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 clusters each including 10 households from Tehran, Iran were sampled between 2012 and 2013 using cluster random sampling. Trained audiologists examined the participants during face-to-face interviews. The hearing of the participants was evaluated before the removal of wax or other foreign bodies. In this study, HI was categorized as mild (grade 1, 26-40 db), moderate (grade 2, 41-60 db), severe (grade 3, 61-80 db), and deaf (grade 5, 81 db or more). All participants signed informed consent forms. The SATA software was used for data analysis. Results: Of 6521 individuals, 4370 (67%) were interviewed. The prevalence of HI (auditory threshold of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 KHz and more than 25 db in the better ear) was 14.27 (11.53-17.91) of whom 9.52 (7.07-11.98) had grade 1, 4.04 (3.02-5.06) had grade 2, 0.67 (0.33-1.02) had grade 3 HI and 0.48 (0.16-0.8) were deaf. About 5.19% of the participants had disabling hearing impairment. All HI grades increased significantly with age but no significant difference was observed between men and women. Conclusion: The considerable prevalence of HI in Iran in comparison with other developing countries, withces, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17   Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of medication discrepancies and its related factors using medication reconciliation method in patients admitted to the emergency department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 adult patients with at least one chronic disease that used two regular prescription medications were included in 2015. After 24 h of admission, demographic data and patient's home medications were collected. Medication discrepancies were assessed through comparison of a best possible medication history list with the physician's orders. Results: Out of 200 patients (mean age, 61.5 yr; 86 males, 114 women), 77.5% of patients had one or more medication discrepancies. The most common discrepancies were medication omission (35.49%), change (14.22%) and substitution (10.97%), respectively. The relationship between number of comorbid conditions (P=0.025), regular home medications (P=<0.001), high-risk medications (P=0.032), medications pharmacological classes (P=<0.001) and medication discrepancies were statistically significant. Cardiovascular drugs compared to other medications classes showed the highest discrepancies (36.2%). Multiple logistic regression showed that the drug groups, including anti-infective for systemic use (OR=8.43; 95%CI 2.5-28.2; P=0.001), Antineoplastic and Immuno-modulator Agents (OR=0.49; 95%CI 0.27-0.87; P=0.016), Blood and Blood-Forming Organs (OR=0.33; 95%CI 0.21-0.52; P<0.001), Muscular-Skeletal System (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.13-5.1; P=0.022), Nervous-System (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.7-4.4; P<0.001), Respiratory-System (OR=0.38; 95%CI 0.22-0.67; P=0.001) were associated with the drug discrepancy. Conclusion: A medication discrepancy occurs commonly at hospital emergency department. Understanding the type and frequency of discrepancies with using structured medication reconciliation process can help clinicians to prevent them.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10608 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10608/5255

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1095 1103 Nahid RAMEZAN GHORBANI Dept. of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Yousef FAKOUR Deputy for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali NOJOUMI Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Researchers and academic institutions need assessment and rating to measure their performance. The criteria are designed to evaluate quality and adequacy of research and welcome by most universities as an international process to increase monitoring academic achievements. The study aimed to evaluate the increasing trend in global ranking of Iranian medical universities websites emphasizing on comparative approach. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving websites of Iranian medical universities. Sampling was conducted by census selecting universities affiliated to the Ministry of Health in webometrics rating system. Web sites of Iranian medical universities were investigated based on the webometrics indicators, global ranking as well as the process of changing their rating. Universities of medical sciences were associated with improved ratings in seven periods from Jan 2012 until Jan 2015. Results: The highest rank was in Jan 2014. Tehran University of Medical Sciences ranked the first in all periods. The highest ratings were about impact factor in universities of medical sciences reflecting the low level of this index in university websites. The least ranking was observed in type 1 universities. Conclusion: Despite the criticisms and weaknesses of these webometrics criteria, they are critical to this equation and should be checked for authenticity and suitability of goals. Therefore, localizing these criteria by the advantages model, ranking systems features, continuous development and medical universities evaluation based on these indicators provide new opportunities for the development of the country especially through online media.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10609 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10609/5256

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1104 1109 Ziba MAJIDI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahmoud DJALALI Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hasan JAVANBAKHT Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba FATHI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahnaz ZAREI Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh FOLADSAZ Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers in the world and that use to lifestyle, increasing chemical pollutions, environmental factors and poor nutrition. The most important cause of this cancer is oxidative stress and free radicals so antioxidant activities for the body are so important. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of zinc and (Malondialdehyde) MDA in BCC patients. Methods: This study has been performed on case and control patients from 2013 to 2014. The samples were collected from cell carcinoma patients at Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated the level of zinc with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Besides, we evaluated MDA with colorimetric assay. Results: The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in case group in comparison to control group (P=0.001). In addition, case group had lower concentration of zinc than the control group (P=0.000). There was no correlation between MDA and body mass index (BMI) and between zinc and BMI. Conclusion: All the patients with BCC showed a significant MDA serum in comparison with control group. However, significant decrease in zinc serum of the patients was seen that is because of consuming zinc during oxidative stress process so topical use of zinc in the form of 2+ ions could be effective on antioxidant protection against the sun UV radiation.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10610 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10610/5257

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1110 1117 Alireza BARFI QASRDASHTI Dept. of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mina Seied HABASHI Dept. of Endodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Peyman ARASTEH Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran AND MPH Dept., Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mahshid TORABI ARDAKANI Biomaterial Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra ABDOLI Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Sajjad EGHBALI Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: We evaluated factors that affect malignant transformation of leukoplakia in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: The records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia during a 20-year period from 1989-2009 referred to two of the largest referral centers in southern Iran were studied. Patients that developed malignant transformation were compared with patients that did not have malignant changes. Results: Of 522 patients, female patients, those over 50 yr old and with lesions located on the tongue had the highest rate of malignant changes. Female patients with malignant changes were mostly non-smokers (76.4%), while male patients with malignant changes were mostly smokers (63.8% in non-smokers) (P<0.001). In our univariate analysis, male sex and smoking showed lower chances for malignant transformation (OR: 0.57; CI=0.397-0.822 and OR: 0.025; CI=0.141-0.299, respectively), while age above 50 was a risk factor for malignant transformation (OR: 3.57; CI=2.32-5.42). In the multivariate analysis, smoking (OR: 0.317; 95% CI=0.16–0.626) and morphological presentation as erythroplakia (OR: 0.025; 95% CI=0.005-0.131) had low chances for developing malignant changes, while site of lesion on the tongue (OR: 774; 95% CI=60-9838) and morphological presentation as erythroleukoplakia (OR: 6.26; 95% CI=3.16-12.38) were a risk factor for developing malignant changes Conclusion: A follow-up program and further work-up should be considered for Iranian patients who have a leukoplakia lesion that is flat and are white patch or plaques with red components, in addition for patients who have lesions located on the tongue and for nonsmokers who develops leukoplakia lesions.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10611 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10611/5258

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1118 1122 Shadi SHAHROKHI Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran Fatemeh NOORBAKHSH Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran Sassan REZAIE Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: The opportunistic fungi, particularly Candida glabrata has been known as main etiologic agents of life-threating infections in some patients. Although fluconazole is the most effective antifungal agent against candidiasis, C. glabrata, fluconazole-resistant strains have been increased recently overexpression or mutations of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family membrane proteins such as; Cg CDR1, Cg CDR2 are responsible for fluconazole resistance in a large proportion of candidiasis cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate CDR1 gene expression level as one of main mechanism involved in this resistance using. Methods: Candida glabrata strains were collected from various clinical samples in hospitals of Tehran in 2015 . After validation of all isolates by conventional and molecular methods, the susceptibility analysis to fluconazole of all isolates was performed using CLSI broth microdilution M27-A3 and M27-S4 protocols. Two isolates have been selected based on difference in susceptibility and CDR1-mRNA expression level of isolates was measured by Real-time PCR method. Results: Susceptibility results revealed that 32%, 64% and 4% of strains were susceptible, dose-dependent (DD) and resistant to fluconazole respectively. Furthermore, resistance strain of C. glabrata (MIC≥64 µg/ml) showed overexpression of CDR1 compared with se