Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 1 8 Rosnah MOHD YUSUFF Zuraidah BABA Siti Zawiah MD. DAWAL Evelyn TAN 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Ergonomics standards play an important role in product and system design as it can improve their usability; provide comfort and safety for the users. The number of musculoskeletal diseases has increased in recent years in Malaysia. However, the awareness and importance of ergonomics in Malaysia is still very low among the industries. Many ergonomics standards have been adopted by SIRIM Berhad under the purview of Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA). However, the take-up has been slow. Method: This paper examined the role of SIRIM Berhad in developing the standards, involvement at international levels and other government agencies in promoting Ergonomics. Ergonomics awareness seminars were arranged in three localities, representing three regions, not only to disseminate information on ergonomics and standards available but also to solicit inputs from stakeholders on the problems in developing and adoption of the standards. Results: Most of the stakeholders were not aware of the standards, do not know how to implement it, and do not have people who are knowledgeable in ergonomics. Since it is not mandatory, no conscious efforts were directed towards it. The lack of research in the various areas has also hindered the development of MS standards. Conclusion: Standards are important in determining at least the minimum requirement for safety, health and comfort of workers. Creating awareness on the importance of ergonomics should be given some priority and this can be seen by the recent encouraging developments in Malaysia in the field of Ergonomics.   Keywords: Standards, Ergonomics, Malaysian, Awareness https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6148 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6148/4622

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 17 24 Baba Mohd DEROS Abdul Rahman Mohd YUSOFF Solehah Jamilah ISMAIL Dian Darina Indah DARUIS 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Standing workstation can be a strategic approach for many electronics manufacturers to achieve work optimization. However, the well-being of the workers has become a great issue for both workers and employers. The main objective of this research was to study the effects of standing working posture on the workers and their impact to workers’ health and productivity and then to re-design and optimize their workstations to a better the working posture. Methods: The methods used in this study included ergonomics risk assessment using Standing Risk Assessment (SRA), Body Parts Symptoms Analysis (BPSA) and anthropometric data measurements. The subjects in this study were 146 female workers. This case study was carried out in 2011 in a multinational electronics company situated in Beranang Industrial Area, Selangor, Malaysia. Results: After the re-design, a 26% floor space savings, as well as 30% improvement in productivity, quality and reduction in Work In Progress (WIP) was seen. The risk level was at level 2, which was considerably low. Nevertheless, the calculated numbers of industrial accidents and total lost hours were reduced sharply by implementing correct standing cell operation. Conclusion: Standing while working might be the most productive posture in manufacturing and assembly work. However, it can be the opposite if the workers are exposed to musculoskeletal disorders and fatigue because of working standing for too long.   Keywords: Standing work, Workstation design, Ergonomic, Standing risk assessment https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6150 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6150/4624

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 9 16 Nor Ashikin SOPIAN Juliana JALALUDIN Shamsul Bahri MOHD TAMRIN 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Petrochemical industry emits air pollutants in abundance, which may harm human health, especially the population living near the industry. Children are reported to be the population group of main concern since this susceptible population spends the majority of their time outdoors and their active lifestyle can increase their breathing rate, which then leads to a greater inhalation dose of air pollutants and greater risk of health effects. Method: The materials for this review were obtained from several on-line databases such as PubMed, Proquest, Scopus and Science Direct (year 1990-2015). In this review, we highlighted several relevant studies on respiratory health effects from petrochemical air pollutant exposure among children living in the neighborhood and highlighted the factors, which contributed to the severity of the health outcomes. Results: Short term petrochemical air pollutant exposure increases respiratory symptom, reduces lung function and incidence of asthma especially for those who living within 5 km radius from the industry. Conclusion: This review will provide a compilation of potential respiratory health outcomes that arises from the inhalation of petrochemical air pollutants among children.   Keywords: Petrochemical industry, Respiratory health effects, Children https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6149 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6149/4623

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 25 34 Shamsul Bahri MOHD TAMRIN Nurul Ain ZALI Karmegam KARUPPIAH 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Hazardous chemicals, which give detrimental effect to the central nervous system, are widely used in the vehicle services industry. The use of Vibrotactile Perception Threshold (VPT) as a screening tool for chemical exposure is new in developing country such as Malaysia. Therefore, this study determined the relationship between VPT and chemical exposure among vehicle service technicians in Klang Valley. Methods: Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) was conducted in 2014 at Klang Valley Vehicle Service Centers among the technicians using the method from Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia. HavLab Tactile Vibrometer, UK was used to determine the VPT at the fingertip for the assessment peripheral nerve impairment. Questionnaires were used to obtain the respondents’ background. Results: Results showed the Log VPT 31.5Hz & 125Hz for workers exposed to chemicals was significantly higher compared to the non-exposed workers (31.5Hz: T=4.776 (P<0.001), 125Hz: T=4.775(P<0.001)). There was significant relationship between VPT at Log 31.5Hz, Log 125Hz and overall VPT with diesel, mixture of gasoline and benzene, gasoline only, and the use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: The overall VPT model demonstrated that the exposure to an organic solvent and the usage of PPE contributed to vibro tactile threshold among vehicle service technicians in Malaysia.   Keywords: Chemical exposure, VPT, Vehicle service technicians https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6151 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6151/4625

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 35 43 Ayuni Nabilah ALIAS Karmegam KARUPPIAH Shamsul Bahri MOHD TAMRIN Emilia ZAINAL ABIDIN Umi Kalsom MOHD SHAFIE Sivasankar SAMBASIVAM 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Motorcycle has been one of the vital modes of transportation worldwide. It is quite difficult to identify the risk factors that affect muscular discomfort among motorcyclist due to not much research having been carried out on the motorcyclist. The purpose of this study was to have a better understanding of the risk factors of muscular discomfort among motorcyclist due to motorcycle riding. Method: Five databases were searched based on keywords that related to the risk factors might cause discomfort among motorcyclist. The research screened covered years between 1973 until 2013. In order to identify and classify research studies, specific keywords were identified and used in order to guide the discovery of relevant studies. Result: As overall, five risk factors were identified that might affect the muscle activity and cause discomfort on various parts of body among motorcyclist. Risk factors such as biological, environmental, vehicle, physiological and life activities factors were related to each other and might contribute to the discomfort among motorcyclists during riding process. Conclusion: This review was done to relate risk factors of muscular discomfort among motorcyclist, as there is currently not much information available on the riding and muscular discomfort of motorcyclists in Malaysia.   Keywords: Risk factors, Muscle, Discomfort, Motorcyclist, Motorcycle https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6152 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6152/4626

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 44 51 Baba Mohd DEROS Mohd Hafiz ALI Darliana MOHAMAD Dian Darina Indah DARUIS 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: This study was an investigation conducted at two oil palm plantations in Slim River District, Perak, Malaysia on the prevalence of back pain among workers in the Malaysian oil palm industry. Many manual handling activities and tasks performed were not designed ergonomically, thus a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found among oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) manual workers. The three main objectives of this study were to determine the level of employee awareness on health and safety of manual handling tasks; to recognize the musculoskeletal symptom on the workers body parts; and to analyze their working postures and identify the relevant risk factors. Methods: Modified Nordic questionnaire was used to collect data in 2012 at two oil palm plantations located in Slim River District, Perak, Malaysia. Later, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) analysis was conducted for high risk working postures. Seventy workers participated in the study. Results: 81.4% of workers were aware on the correct methods to perform the manual handling tasks. The upper back and lower back pain were experienced by 87.1% and 94.3% of the workers respectively. Conclusion: Manual workers have high level (81.4%) health and safety awareness on manual handling tasks but failed to practice it. As a result, 87.1% of them are sufferring from lower back and 94.3% from upper back pain. FFBs loading activity into the lorry is a high risk and changes needed to be done immediately. The two major risk factors identified were awkward lifting postures and repetitive lifting of FFBs.   Keywords: Oil palm industry, Ergonomics, Posture, Musculoskeletal pain, workers https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6153 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6153/4627

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 52 60 Baba M. DEROS Dian D.I. DARUIS Sivadass THIRUCHELVAM Rohayu OTHMAN Dzulkarnain ISMAIL Nor Faezah RABANI Mohd F.M. HATTA Amar HASSAN Nur Iznie M. ZAKARIA 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Injuries or pains occurred at various body's joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, limbs, back and neck are classified as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A single forceful exertion or repeated exposure to force, vibration or awkward posture can result in MSDs. This study was carried out by evaluating the relevant physical measurements of Class B ambulance used in Malaysia. The two main objectives of the study are to evaluate on the ambulance physical dimensions and workstation design and to conduct a Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to examine ambulance’s emergency medical service (EMS) workers’ activities and their associated MSDs risk factors. Methods: The two methodologies adopted for the study conducted in 2014 were direct measurement of the ambulance physical dimensions and workstation layout; and in-depth interviews of five EMS workers that provides patient care during transporting patient to a public hospital in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. REBA was conducted on seven commonly performed activities by EMS workers for identifying postural risks. Results: The study found ambulance width is too narrow and workstation layout may exposed EMS workers to MSDs risks. REBA scores for the seven commonly performed activities in the ambulance ranges from medium to very high.  Conclusion: Seven important MSDs risk factors to be considered in the design of the Class B ambulance for performing patient care activities that may lead towards EMS workers’ injury are awkward posture, bumping, instability, narrow workspace dimension, inappropriate arrangement of storage cabinet, inappropriate arrangement of medical equipment, inadequate railing and seat, and inappropriate stretcher.   Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, Ambulance, EMS, Workers, REBA, Risks https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6154 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6154/4628

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 Supple 1 2016 03 02 61 67 Shamsul Bahri TAMRIN Nur Fitriyah AKIR Ng Yee GUAN Vivien HOW Nur Zuhair­iza ZOLKIFLI 2016 03 02 2016 03 02 Background: Workstation design has shift from using single monitor screen to dual monitor screens, which may impose some impacts towards the muscles activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of using dual monitor screen computer to the neck-shoulder muscle activity among computer user. Method: This experimental study was conducted in 2015 among 28 healthy students in University Malaysia Per 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 988 995 Andreja Kvas 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia. Janko Seljak 2. Faculty of Administration, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia. Janez Stare 2. Faculty of Administration, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia. 2015 10 15 The efficiency of the health care system is significantly dependent on the appropriate leadership and guidance of employees. One of the most frequently used new approaches in human resources management is the study of competencies and competency models. The aim of this research is to develop a competency model for leaders in nursing, and to compare it with the leadership competency model for state administration.A survey was conducted among 141 nurse leaders in Slovenia. The respondents were asked to complete questionnaire with 95 leadership behaviours that form the leadership competency model for leaders in nursing. The data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant differences test.The levels of competencies set for themselves by leaders at the third leadership level in nursing (leaders of small units and teams) are significantly lower than those set by all other leaders, both in nursing and in state administration. Statistically significant differences were apparent in the majority of areas.Within the context of the comparison of competency models, the greatest need for training can be observed at the third level of leadership in nursing. A comparison of models formulated in this way enables the exchange of good practices among leaders from various professional groups and easier identification of the training needs of individual groups of leaders in public administration. The proposed concept is designed to significantly simplify and unify the building of competency-based leadership models in public sector. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4396 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4396/4045

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 996 1006 Azmawati Mohammed Nawi Dept. of Community Health, UKM Medical Centre , Malaysia. Aniza Ismail Dept. of Community Health, UKM Medical Centre , Malaysia. Syazana Abdullah Dept. of Community Health, UKM Medical Centre , Malaysia. 2015 10 15 Child with Down's syndrome is an individual who is suitable and eligible to receive early intervention services. This study aimed to measure the family outcome among parents of Down syndrome children, on the impact of receiving early intervention and identify the factors influencing it.A cross sectional was conducted from April 2009 until January 2010 with a total of 125 parents of children with Down syndrome. There are five domains of family outcomes that has been studied which are understanding the strengths, abilities and special needs of children, knowing the rights and talk on children behalf, assisting the child to grow and learn, having a support system and be involved in the community. Children with Down syndrome aged four to 15 years was chosen as the respondents when they were accompanying their children in seven rehabilitation centers or during house visits.Family outcomes among parents of Down syndrome children who receive early intervention is better, 67.3 percent, compared to parents of Down syndrome children who receive late intervention, 41.4 percent. There are significant relationship between the acceptance level of intervention, parents education level, family income and the family outcomes. Parents of children who receive early intervention were more positive in understanding the strengths, abilities and special needs of their children compared to other family outcomes.Families whom children received early intervention had indirectly proved the importance and benefit of early intervention, not only for children with special needs, but for their family as well. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4394 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4394/4043

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 1007 1015 Mahmood Moosazadeh 1. Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran. Mahmood Nekoei-Moghadam 2. Research Center for Health Services Administration, Institute of Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran. Maryam Aliram-Zany 3. Dept. of Cardiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran. Mohammadreza Amiresmaili 4. Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 15 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is one of the most common genetic deficiencies, which approximately 400 million people in the world suffer from. According to authors' initial search, numerous studies have been carried out in Iran regarding molecular variants of this enzyme. Thus, this meta-analysis presented a reliable estimation about prevalence of different types of molecular mutations of G6PD Enzyme in Iran.Keywords "glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase or G6PD, Mediterranean or Chatham or Cosenza and mutation, Iran or Iranian and their Persian equivalents" were searched in different databases. Moreover, reference list of the published studies were examined to increase sensitivity and to select more studies. After studying titles and abstracts of retrieved articles, excluding the repeated and unrelated ones, and evaluating quality of articles, documents were selected. Data was analyzed using STATA.After performing systematic review, 22 papers were entered this meta-analysis and 1698 subjects were examined concerning G6PD molecular mutation. In this meta-analysis, prevalence of Mediterranean mutation, Chatham mutation and Cosenza mutation in Iran was estimated 78.2%, 9.1% and 0.5% respectively.This meta-analysis showed that in spite of prevalence of different types of G6PD molecular mutations in center, north, north-west and west of Iran, the most common molecular mutations in people with G6PD deficiency in Iran, like other Mediterranean countries and countries around Persian Gulf, were Mediterranean mutation, Chatham mutation and Cosenza mutation. It is also recommended that future studies may focus on races and regions which haven't been taken into consideration up to now. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4392 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4392/4041

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 1016 1020 Mahtab Ordooei 1. Dept. of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran. Azar RABIEi 1. Dept. of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran. Reza Soleimanizad 2. Dept. of Ophtalmology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran. Fatemeh Mirjalili 3. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran. 2015 10 15 Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency. Approximately 1 in 4000 newborn infants has a deficiency of thyroid function. The aim of this study is determination of the prevalence of permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Yazd, Iran.From May 2006 to June 2008, 35377 newborns were screened by measuring serum TSH obtained by heel prick. The neonates who had a TSH≥5mU/L were recalled for measurement of serum T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in venous samples. Based on the results of the secondary measurements (between days 7 and 28), neonates were considered hypothyroid if their T4 was <6.5 mg/dl and their TSH was ≥10mIU/L. In 22 primarily diagnosed as cases of CH, treatment was discontinued at age 3 years for 4 weeks and T4 and TSH were measured again. Permanent or transient CH was determined from the results of these tests; Patients with TSH levels ≥5 mIU/l were diagnosed with permanent CH.The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism was found to be 1:1608 with a female to male ratio of 0.69:1. In 22 patients with CH, 10 patients were diagnosed with permanent CH (45.5%) and 12 with transient hypothyroidism (54.5%). Permanent CH was associated with higher TSH levels at first measurement than transient hypothyroidism (P-value=0.041).The rate of transient CH in our study was higher than the comparable worldwide rate, so more and larger studies are needed to find clear information about the etiologic factors of this disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4390 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4390/4039

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 1021 1025 Majid Golestani Eraghi 1. Dept. of Anesthesiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran. Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi 2. Dept. of Anesthesiology and intensive care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Ali Akbar Soleimani 3. Dept. of Anesthesiology and intensive care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh 4. Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The aim of present study was to determine the impact of two different ICU management model, open and semi closed, on resources utilization in intensive care unit.Retrospective cohort analysis using data from hospital database was applied to compare the effect of ICU management model on ICU length of stay and bed disposition of 1064 patients admitted to the general ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran during the two consecutive 12-month periods from Mar, 2009 to Feb, 2010.In open and semi closed interval 380 and 684 patients were admitted to ICU respectively. There was no significant difference in age, gender and severity of illness (based on APACHE-II score) and nurse to bed ratio between two groups. Average ICU length of stay, net mortality rate and bed turnover rate were lower in semi closed model than open model management significantly (P https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4388/4037

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 1026 1033 Zahra Arefnasab 1. Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Dept. of Psychology, Payame Noor University , Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Ghanei 1. Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Ali Noorbala 3. Dept. of Psychology, Tehran university of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Alipour 2. Dept. of Psychology, Payame Noor University , Tehran, Iran. Farhang Babamahmoodi 4. Anti-microbial Drug Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, Iran. Abdolreza Babamahmoodi 5. Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Maryam Salehi 1. Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Studies have shown that Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has positive effect on physical and psychological dimensions of chronic illnesses. In this study for the first time we examine the effect of this new technique on quality of life and pulmonary function in chemically pulmonary injured veterans who have chronic pulmonary problem, psychological problems and low quality of life.Forty male pulmonary injured veterans were randomly replaced in two groups with 20 participants (MBSR and control Wait List (WL)). Then MBSR group received 8-weekly sessions intervention. We evaluate quality of life (used SF-36 questionnaire) and Spirometry parameters two times; before and after intervention in two group. We used "mixed factorial analyses of variance" test for analyzing data in each dependent variables. Then if we have significant interactional effect, we used -paired- sample t-test" for comparing before and after intervention data of each group, and "Independent-Sample t-test" for comparing after intervention data of two groups.The MBSR compare to WL group improved SF-36 total score, (F (1, 38) =12.09, P=0.001), "Role limitations due to physical problems"(F(1,38)= 6.92, P=0.01), "Role limitations due to emotional problems"(F(1,38)= 7.75, P=0.008), "Social functioning"(F(1,38)= 9.89, P=0.003), "Mental health"(F(1,38)= 15.93, P=0), "Vitality"(F(1,38)= 40.03, P≤0.001), and "Pain"(F(1,38)= 27.60, P≤0.001). MBSR had no significant effect on "FEV1" (F (1, 38) = 0.03, P=0.85),"FVC" (F (1, 38) = 0.16, P=0.69) and "FEV1/FVC" (F (1, 38) = 2.21, P=0.14).MBSR can improve individual's quality of life but not lung function in chemically pulmonary injured veterans. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4386/4035

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 9 2013 09 15 1034 1042 Mohammad Jalili 1. Dept. Of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Gholamreza Sadeghipour Roodsari 1. Dept. Of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Anahita Bassir Nia 2. Rouzbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Emergency physicians are at risk of burnout, which can affect their mental health, as well as patient care. We assessed burnout level among Iranian emergency physicians and investigated demographic, work-related factors and stressors associated with higher burnout.In a cross-sectional study, we surveyed all 188 emergency medicine residents and practitioners in Iran. We measured burnout using 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory assessing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, also demographic factors, work related factors and sources of stress in emergency department using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis to evaluate association with higher score of burnout, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict high burnout in 3 subscales was performed.Totally, 165 questionnaires were filled (response rate: 88%; mean age: 33.6 years, 91% male). Mean burnout scores were 22.94 for emotional exhaustion (95% CI=20.78-25.01; moderate), 9.3 for depersonalization (95% CI=8.24-10.36; moderate to high), and 31.47 for personal accomplishment (95% CI=29.87-33.07; moderate to high). Frequent reported sources of stress were shortage of equipment, problem with work physical environment, and relationship with other services. All 19 sources of stress were associated with higher score of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; while twelve out of 19 were significantly associated with lower level of personal accomplishment. In logistic regression model, the significant predictors for high emotional exhaustion were work overload, feeling of insecurity for future career and difficulties to balance professional and private life.B