Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 146 157 Peian LOU Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Peipei CHEN Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Pan ZHANG Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Jiaxi YU Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Yong WANG Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Na CHEN Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Lei ZHANG Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Hongmin WU Dept. of Respiratory Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou China Jing ZHAO Dept. of Respiratory Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou China 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Depression and smoking decrease health status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. This study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with COPD. Methods: A prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with COPD was conducted in seven rural communities from May 2008 to May 2012. The relationships between the BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index and depression and nicotine addiction were assessed. The product of depression and smoking was added to the logistic regression model to evaluate the multiplicative interaction and relative excess risk of interaction (RERI). The Attributable Proportion (AP) of interaction and the synergy index (S) was applied to evaluate the additive interaction of two factors. Results: The severity of COPD in patients with depressive symptoms who never smoked was increased 1.74-fold and in smoking patients it increased by 6.08-fold. Highly addicted smokers with depressive symptoms had a nearly 40-fold increase in severity (all P<0.001). The increased values of the BODE index, HADS-D and Fagerström score also correlated positively (P<0.001). The co-presence of depressive symptoms and smoking significantly increased the BODE index by 11.99-fold with significant biological interactions, relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) was 12.12, the biological interactions were increased with increasing nicotine addiction. Conclusions: Patients with depressive symptoms who also smoke have an increased risk of severity from COPD interaction effects. The risk for severity of COPD and depressive symptoms increased with increasing the severity of nicotine addiction.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6099 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6099/5298

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 122 133 Seong-Hi PARK Dept. of Nursing, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea Hea Shoon LEE Dept. of Nursing, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: The purpose of this study was to present a scientific reason for pressure ulcer risk scales: Cubbin& Jackson modified Braden, Norton, and Waterlow, as a nursing diagnosis tool by utilizing predictive validity of pressure sores. Methods: Articles published between 1966 and 2013 from periodicals indexed in the Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL, and other databases were selected using the key word “pressure ulcer”. QUADAS-Ⅱ was applied for assessment for internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Seventeen diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 5,185 patients, were included. In the results of the meta-analysis, sROC AUC of Braden, Norton, and Waterflow scale was over 0.7, showing moderate predictive validity, but they have limited interpretation due to significant differences between studies. In addition, Waterlow scale is insufficient as a screening tool owing to low sensitivity compared with other scales. Conclusion: The contemporary pressure ulcer risk scale is not suitable for uninform practice on patients under standardized criteria. Therefore, in order to provide more effective nursing care for bedsores, a new or modified pressure ulcer risk scale should be developed upon strength and weaknesses of existing tools. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6096 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6096/5295

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 249 254 Shokouh azam SARRAFZADEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam MAHLOOJIRAD Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam NOURIZADEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jean-Laurent CASANOVA Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA AND Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France Zahra POURPAK Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jacinta BUSTAMANTE Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Mostafa MOIN Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare inheritance syndrome, characterized by a disseminated infection with mycobacterium in children following BCG vaccination at birth. Regarding the vaccination program in Iran, it may consider as a public health problem. The pathogenesis of MSMD is dependent on either insufficient production of IFN-gamma (γ) or inadequate response to it. Here, we want to introduce three cases including two siblings and one girl from two unrelated families with severe mycobacterial infections referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), from 2013 to 2015; their MSMD was confirmed by both cytokine assessment and genetic analysis. Regarding the clinical features of the patients, cell proliferation against a mitogen and BCG antigen was ordered in a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) setting. ELISA was performed for the measurement of IL-12p70 and IFN- γ in whole blood samples activated by BCG + recombinant human IFN-γ and BCG + recombinant human IL-12, respectively. In contrast to mitogen, the antigen-dependent proliferation activity of the patients’ leukocytes was significantly lower than that in normal range. We identified a homozygous mutation in IL12RB1 gene for two kindred who had a homozygous mutation affecting an essential splice site. For the third patient, a novel frameshift deletion in IL12RB1 gene was found. The genetic study results confirmed the impaired function of stimulated lymphocytes to release IFN-γ following stimulation with BCG+IL-12 while the response to rhIFN-γ for IL-12p70 production was relatively intact. Our findings show that cellular and molecular assessments are needed for precise identification of immunodeficiency disorders especially those without clear-cut diagnostic criteria.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6110 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6110/5309

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 255 256 Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6111/5310

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 158 169 Mi YU College of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Transition into parenthood is a major developmental life event and is very significant because development in infanthood is affected by the transition process of mothers parenting an infant. This study aimed to develop the assessment tool for transition process of high risk infant’s caregiver in Korea. Methods: The participants were 246 mothers of premature infant born with gestational age (< 37 weeks) or low birth weight (< 2500 gm), of less than 24 months of age. Preliminary items were derived from transition process scale for parent of children with autism. Factor analysis was performed to test construct validity of the scale, the correlation between transition processes and parenting efficacy was used for testing predictive validity. Results: The final scale was composed of 23 items divided into 5 factors: wandering (7 items), devotion (5 items), acceptance (4 items), denial (4 items), frustration (3 items). The total variance for validity described by the 5 factors was 60.8% and the reliability of the scale was total Cronbach’s α 0.90 and wandering 0.85, devotion 0.78, acceptance 0.72, denial 0.72, and frustration 0.71. Correlation between transition process and parenting efficacy was statistically significant; wandering(r=-0.61, P <.001), devotion (r=-0.60, P<.001), acceptance (r=0.30, P <.001), denial (r=-0.31, P <.001) and frustration (r= -0.27, P <.001). Conclusion: This final assessment scale will be used to investigate high-risk infant caregiver’s transition process and provide basic data for program development to provide differentiated support and care at each process.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6100 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6100/5299

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 134 145 Mohammad Jamal KHAN School of Management, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Shankar CHELLIAH School of Management, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Mahmod Sabri HARON School of Management, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Role of information source, perceived benefits and risks, and destination image has significantly been examined in travel and tourism literature; however, in medical tourism it is yet to be examined thoroughly. The concept discussed in this article is drawn form well established models in tourism literature. Methods: The purpose of this research was to identify the source of information, travel benefits and perceived risks related to movement of international patients and develop a conceptual model based on well-established theory. Thorough database search (Science Direct, utmj.org, nih.gov, nchu.edu.tw, palgrave-journals, medretreat, Biomedcentral) was performed to fulfill the objectives of the study.  Results: International patients always concern about benefits and risks related to travel. These benefits and risks form images of destination in the minds of international patients. Different sources of information make international patients acquaint about the associated benefits and risks, which later leads to development of intention to visit. This conceptual paper helps in establishing model for decision-making process of international patients in developing visit intention. Conclusion: Ample amount of literature is available detailing different factors involved in travel decision making of international patients; however literature explaining relationship between these factors is scarce.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6098 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6098/5297

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 257 259 Irma SIREGAR Dept. of Dental Nurse, Health Polytechnic of Semarang, Semarang - Indonesia Ratnawati HENDARI Dept. of Dental Nurse, Health Polytechnic of Semarang, Semarang - Indonesia 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6112 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6112/5311

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 170 178 Peng ZHOU Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Ran WEI Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Zhenkui GUO Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China Haining ZHU Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong, China Desmond CAMPBELL Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (H.K.S.A.R.), China Qi LI Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (H.K.S.A.R.), China Xiaoqun XU Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Junfu WANG Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Meng LUAN Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Xing CHEN Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Gang CHEN Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous entity of monogenic disorders characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven genes were related, including HNF4α, GCK, HNF1α, IPF1, and HNF-1β, and various mutations are being reported. Methods: To help the overall understanding of MODY-related pathologic mutations, we studied a large MODY family found in 2012, in Shandong, China, which contained 9 patients over 3 generations.DNA was extracted from the periphery blood samples of (i) 9 affected members, (ii) 17 unaffected members, and (iii) 1000 healthy controls. Three pooled samples were obtained by mixing equal quantity ofDNA of each individual within the each group. Totally 400 microsatellite markers across the whole genome were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. The known MODY-related gene near the identified marker was sequenced to look for putative risk variants. Results: Allelic frequency of marker D17S798 on chromosome 17q11.2 were significantly different (P<0.001) between the affected vs. unaffected members and the affected vs. healthy controls, but not between the unaffected members vs. healthy controls. MODY5-related gene, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) on 17q12 near D17S798 became the candidate gene. A single nucleotide variant (SNV) of C77T in the non-coding area of exon 1 of HNF-1β was found to be related to MODY5. Conclusion: This novel SNV of HNF-1β contributes to the diabetes development in the family through regulating gene expression most likely. The findings help presymptomatic diagnosis, and imply that mutations in the non-coding areas, as well as in the exons, play roles in the etiology of MODY.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6101 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6101/5300

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 260 262 Jihane BELAYACHI Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Ilham RKAIN Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Hanane RKAIN Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Naoufel MADANI Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Fatiha AMLAIKY Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Aicha ZEKRAOUI Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Tarek DENDANE Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Khalid ABIDI Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Amine Ali ZE­GGWAGH Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Redouane ABOUQAL Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco AND Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco 2016 02 28 2016 02 28   No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6113 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6113/5312

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 186 193 Sara EMAM GHOLIPOUR SEFIDDASHTI Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Enayatollah HOMAIE RAD Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shima BORDBAR Dept. of Health Management, School of Health Management and Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Female labor supply has been changed dramatically in the recent yr. In this study, we examined the effects of development on the relationship between fertility and female labor supply. Methods: We used data of population and housing census of Iran and estimated three separate models. To do this we employed Logistic Regressions (BLR). Results: The estimation results of our study showed that there was a negative relationship between fertility rate and female labor supply and there are some differences for this relationship in three models. Conclusion: When fertility rate increases, FLS would decreases. In addition, for higher fertility rates, the woman might be forced to work more because of the economic conditions of her family; and negative coefficients of the fertility rate effects on FLS would increase with a diminishing rate.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6103 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6103/5301

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 263 265 Oprica LACRAMIOARA Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania Manzu CIPRIAN Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6114 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6114/5313

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 194 202 Hassan HASHEMI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran AND Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Abbasali YEKTA Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Ebrahim JAFARZADEHPUR Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hadi OSTA­DIMOGHADDAM Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Koorosh ETEMAD Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir ASHARLOUS Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Payam NABOVATI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Mehdi KHABAZKHOOB Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: The latest WHO report indicates that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in 7 yr old children in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2013 with multistage cluster sampling, first graders were randomly selected from 8 cities in Iran. All children were tested by an optometrist for uncorrected and corrected vision, and non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction. Refractive errors in this study were determined based on spherical equivalent (SE) cyloplegic refraction. Results: From 4614 selected children, 89.0% participated in the study, and 4072 were eligible. The prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were 3.04% (95% CI: 2.30-3.78), 6.20% (95% CI: 5.27-7.14), and 17.43% (95% CI: 15.39-19.46), respectively. Prevalence of myopia (P=0.925) and astigmatism (P=0.056) were not statistically significantly different between the two genders, but the odds of hyperopia were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01-2.05) times higher in girls (P=0.011). The prevalence of with-the-rule astigmatism was 12.59%, against-the-rule was 2.07%, and oblique 2.65%. Overall, 22.8% (95% CI: 19.7-24.9) of the schoolchildren in this study had at least one type of refractive error. Conclusion: One out of every 5 schoolchildren had some refractive error. Conducting multicenter studies throughout the Middle East can be very helpful in understanding the current distribution patterns and etiology of refractive errors compared to the previous decade.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6104 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6104/5302

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 266 267 Walid ABU RAYYAN Dep. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia 2016 02 28 2016 02 28   No abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6115 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6115/5314

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 203 213 Allahbakhsh JAVID School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Amir Abbas HAMEDIAN Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed GHARIBI School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mohammad Hos­sein SOWLAT Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: In the past few decades, Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a primary concern to the point. It is increasingly believed to be of equal or greater importance to human health compared to ambient air. However, due to the lack of comprehensive indices for the integrated assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ), we aimed to develop a novel, Fuzzy-Based Indoor Air Quality Index (FIAQI) to bridge the existing gap in this area. Methods: We based our index on fuzzy logic, which enables us to overcome the limitations of traditional methods applied to develop environmental quality indices. Fifteen parameters, including the criteria air pollutants, volatile organic compounds, and bioaerosols were included in the FIAQI due mainly to their significant health effects. Weighting factors were assigned to the parameters based on the medical evidence available in the literature on their health effects. The final FIAQI consisted of 108 rules. In order to demonstrate the performance of the index, data were intentionally generated to cover a variety of quality levels. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the index. Results: The FIAQI tends to be a comprehensive tool to classify IAQ and produce accurate results. Conclusion: It seems useful and reliable to be considered by authorities to assess IAQ environments.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6105 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6105/5303

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 268 269 Azarmidokht ROKNI Persian Language and Literature School, Payam Noor University, Ahvaz, Iran 2016 02 28 2022 08 11 1827 1835 EN Seong-Hi Park School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea Heashoon Lee Department of Nursing, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea 2021 02 02 2021 06 06 Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a chronic disease, is associated with obesity and inflammation. This study investigated the effects of body mass index (BMI), leukocytes, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korean adults. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 5,420 adults’ subject in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ-3, 2018) was performed. The collected data were analyzed by n (%), mean ± SD, t-test, χ2 -test, and multiple logistic regression methods. Results: BMI and leukocytes count were higher in the T2DM-diagnosed group. The probability of T2DM increased by 4.76 times for obesity compared to normal weight, but high obesity was not an influencing factor for T2DM. As the leukocytes increased, the probability of T2DM increased by 1.15 times. However, hs-CRP was not an influencing factor for T2DM. Age was higher in the T2DM-diagnosed group and appeared to be an influencing factor in T2DM. Conclusion: Obesity and inflammation indicators, including WBC, appeared to be risk factors for T2DM. This study presented the basis of diet and exercise interventions for weight loss and white blood cell count in a T2DM prevention and management program. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23735 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23735/7689

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 8 2022 08 11 1836 1846 Leila Sabour Takanlou Deparment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Gulsah Cecener Deparment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Maryam Sabour Takanlou Deparment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Hulya Ozturk Nazlioglu Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Havva Tezcan Unlu Deparment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Ozgen Isik Department of General Surgey, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Unal Egeli Deparment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Berrin Tunca Deparment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Erdem Cubukcu Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Sahsine Tolunay Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Mustafa Sehsuvar Gokgoz Department of General Surgey, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey 2021 03 10 2021 07 01 Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and differences in the expression levels of the ER, PR, and HER2 the triplet of established biomarkers used for clinical decision-making have been reported among breast cancer patients. Furthermore, resistance to anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapies emerges in a considerable rate of breast cancer patients, and novel drug therapies are required. Several anomalous signaling pathways have been known in breast cancer have been known; heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is one of the most plenty proteins in breast cells. The family of ubiquitin ligases such as SIAH1 and SIAH2 is known to specifically target misfolded proteins to the proteasome; also, they have been illustrated to play a role in RAS signaling and as an essential downstream signaling component required for EGFR/HER2 in breast cancer. Methods: The expression of SIAH2, HSP90, and HER2 was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR in 85 invasive ductal carcinoma breast tumor samples at Uludag University Hospital in Turkey during the years 2018–2019, and its association with the clinicopathologic variables of patients was evaluated. Results: HSP90, SIAH1, and SIAH2 were significantly (P=0.0271, P=0.022, and P=0.0311) upregulated tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, this study observed a significant association between the high expression of SIAH2/ HSP90 with ER status, high expression of HSP90 with Recurrence/ Metastasis, and high expression of SIAH2 with Ki-67 proliferation index. Conclusion: The HSP90 and SIAH2 expressions play a significant role in breast cancer development by combining the experimental and clinical data obtained from the literature. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24158 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24158/7690

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 8 2022 08 11 1847 1856 Peyman Heydarian Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Vahid Jajarmi Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Adel Spotin Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Keyhan Ashrafi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Mehdi Mohebali Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Aryaeipour Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo Bozorgomid Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Elham Hajialilo Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mandana Fadaei Tehrani Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Mohammad Bagher Rokni Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 11 Background: We aimed to detect the genetic diversity of samples identified morphologically as Fasciola spp. from sheep, cattle and goat from Lorestan Province, western Iran using PCR-RFLP method. Besides, we evaluated the genetic diversity indices, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial gene (ND1 and CO1). Methods: PCR-RFLP analysis of ribosomal ITS1 fragment by RsaI restriction enzyme to investigate the genetic characteristics of Fasciola species obtained from different hosts (18 sheep, 21 cattle, and 17goats) was conducted.  The samples were sequenced. Sequences were evaluated using BLAST software and the parasite species were identified with similarity percentage and overlap with the species registered in the gene bank. Then similarity and diversity of intra-species and intra-species diversity of Fasciola species were calculated. Results: In Lorestan, based on RFLP pattern, 93% (52) of the Fasciola spp. isolates had a RFLP pattern related to F. hepatica and 7% (4) were F. gigantica. No hybrid forms were detected. The CO1 gene could clarify 19 haplotypes against ND1 gene that found 22 haplotypes among livestock. Sequencing results of the mtDNA showed intra-species identity 98. 5%-100% and Intra-species-diversity: 0-1.5% compared to the GenBank sequences. Conclusion: Using PCR-RFLP method, two species of F. hepatica and F. gigantica, were present in Lorestan Province, but F. hepatica was more prevalent. Mitochondrial genes could better test variability indices in different hosts than ribosomal genes, consequently among mitochondrial genes, the ND1 gene could better examine differences and similarities than CO1.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29538 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29538/7691

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 8 2022 08 11 1857 1865 Sara Bigdeli Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Arab Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Moeen Hadian Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Tajvar Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 04 01 2021 06 23 Background: Access to and utilization of eye care services may improve vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) of older people. This study aimed to evaluate the VRQoL of older adults and its associations with access to and utilization of eye care services. Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Tehran, Iran, on 566 older people in 2018. The NEI-25 VFQ was used to measure the VRQoL. Multilevel Linear Regression analysis used to test the study hypotheses. Results: The average score of the VRQoL was 80 out of 100. About 61% of the participants did not utilize the annual routine eye examination and the mean score of overall access to eye care was 85 out of 115. Having a higher physical, socio-cultural and overall access were significantly associated with higher VRQoL, but those with regular utilization had no better VRQoL status compared to non-users. Conclusion: Access to eye care services showed to be very important in improvement of the VRQoL, whereas higher utilization was not found to be associated with better VRQoL statue of older people, as there might have a reverse causality with using more eye services with higher Visual impairment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24393 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24393/7692

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 8 2022 08 11 1866 1874 Mansour Karimifar Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Nafiseh Sereshti Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Rasoul Salehi Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, De-partment of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Maryam Mousavi Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Hadi Karimzadeh Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Amirhossein Salehi Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Bahram Pakzad Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran 2021 04 08 2021 07 18 Background: Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and loci associated with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). rs6445975 (T>G; intronic variant) polymorphism in the PXK gene is one of these loci. However, there was an inconsistency between the results of replicative studies on European and Asia ancestry. This study aimed to assess the possible association between rs6445975 polymorphism with SLE risk in the Iranian population. Methods: Genotype and allele distribution of rs6445975 polymorphism were investigated in 110 patients with SLE and 115 healthy controls in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran in 2019 via real-time PCR high resolution melting method (HRM). Results: GG and TG genotypes, but not TT genotype, were associated with increased risk of SLE (GG vs TT; OR= 7.538; 95%CI [3.47, 17.066] and TG vs TT; OR=2.21; 95%CI [1.06, 4.72]). Inheritance analysis revealed that TG + GG was correlated with the increased risk of SLE disease in the dominant model (OR=3.928; 95%CI [2.056, 7.74]). Moreover, subjects with the G allele were more frequently affected with SLE than individuals with the T allele (OR= 3.55; 95%CI [2.37, 5.36]). The G allele in patients was correlated with serum concentration of CRP, ESR, anti-dsDNA antibody, C3, and C4 and presentation of some clinical manifestations such as kidney involvements and skin lesions (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a substantial association between rs6445975 polymorphism in the PXK gene with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of SLE in the Iranian population.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24502 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24502/7693

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 8 2022 08 11