Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 146 157 Peian LOU Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Peipei CHEN Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Pan ZHANG Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Jiaxi YU Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Yong WANG Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Na CHEN Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Lei ZHANG Dept. of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Xuzhou Unit for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China Hongmin WU Dept. of Respiratory Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou China Jing ZHAO Dept. of Respiratory Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou China 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Depression and smoking decrease health status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. This study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with COPD. Methods: A prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with COPD was conducted in seven rural communities from May 2008 to May 2012. The relationships between the BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index and depression and nicotine addiction were assessed. The product of depression and smoking was added to the logistic regression model to evaluate the multiplicative interaction and relative excess risk of interaction (RERI). The Attributable Proportion (AP) of interaction and the synergy index (S) was applied to evaluate the additive interaction of two factors. Results: The severity of COPD in patients with depressive symptoms who never smoked was increased 1.74-fold and in smoking patients it increased by 6.08-fold. Highly addicted smokers with depressive symptoms had a nearly 40-fold increase in severity (all P<0.001). The increased values of the BODE index, HADS-D and Fagerström score also correlated positively (P<0.001). The co-presence of depressive symptoms and smoking significantly increased the BODE index by 11.99-fold with significant biological interactions, relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) was 12.12, the biological interactions were increased with increasing nicotine addiction. Conclusions: Patients with depressive symptoms who also smoke have an increased risk of severity from COPD interaction effects. The risk for severity of COPD and depressive symptoms increased with increasing the severity of nicotine addiction.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6099 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6099/5298

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 122 133 Seong-Hi PARK Dept. of Nursing, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea Hea Shoon LEE Dept. of Nursing, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: The purpose of this study was to present a scientific reason for pressure ulcer risk scales: Cubbin& Jackson modified Braden, Norton, and Waterlow, as a nursing diagnosis tool by utilizing predictive validity of pressure sores. Methods: Articles published between 1966 and 2013 from periodicals indexed in the Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL, and other databases were selected using the key word “pressure ulcer”. QUADAS-Ⅱ was applied for assessment for internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Seventeen diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 5,185 patients, were included. In the results of the meta-analysis, sROC AUC of Braden, Norton, and Waterflow scale was over 0.7, showing moderate predictive validity, but they have limited interpretation due to significant differences between studies. In addition, Waterlow scale is insufficient as a screening tool owing to low sensitivity compared with other scales. Conclusion: The contemporary pressure ulcer risk scale is not suitable for uninform practice on patients under standardized criteria. Therefore, in order to provide more effective nursing care for bedsores, a new or modified pressure ulcer risk scale should be developed upon strength and weaknesses of existing tools. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6096 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6096/5295

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 249 254 Shokouh azam SARRAFZADEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam MAHLOOJIRAD Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam NOURIZADEH Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jean-Laurent CASANOVA Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA AND Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France Zahra POURPAK Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jacinta BUSTAMANTE Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France AND Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France AND Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France AND St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Mostafa MOIN Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare inheritance syndrome, characterized by a disseminated infection with mycobacterium in children following BCG vaccination at birth. Regarding the vaccination program in Iran, it may consider as a public health problem. The pathogenesis of MSMD is dependent on either insufficient production of IFN-gamma (γ) or inadequate response to it. Here, we want to introduce three cases including two siblings and one girl from two unrelated families with severe mycobacterial infections referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), from 2013 to 2015; their MSMD was confirmed by both cytokine assessment and genetic analysis. Regarding the clinical features of the patients, cell proliferation against a mitogen and BCG antigen was ordered in a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) setting. ELISA was performed for the measurement of IL-12p70 and IFN- γ in whole blood samples activated by BCG + recombinant human IFN-γ and BCG + recombinant human IL-12, respectively. In contrast to mitogen, the antigen-dependent proliferation activity of the patients’ leukocytes was significantly lower than that in normal range. We identified a homozygous mutation in IL12RB1 gene for two kindred who had a homozygous mutation affecting an essential splice site. For the third patient, a novel frameshift deletion in IL12RB1 gene was found. The genetic study results confirmed the impaired function of stimulated lymphocytes to release IFN-γ following stimulation with BCG+IL-12 while the response to rhIFN-γ for IL-12p70 production was relatively intact. Our findings show that cellular and molecular assessments are needed for precise identification of immunodeficiency disorders especially those without clear-cut diagnostic criteria.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6110 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6110/5309

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 255 256 Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6111/5310

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 158 169 Mi YU College of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Transition into parenthood is a major developmental life event and is very significant because development in infanthood is affected by the transition process of mothers parenting an infant. This study aimed to develop the assessment tool for transition process of high risk infant’s caregiver in Korea. Methods: The participants were 246 mothers of premature infant born with gestational age (< 37 weeks) or low birth weight (< 2500 gm), of less than 24 months of age. Preliminary items were derived from transition process scale for parent of children with autism. Factor analysis was performed to test construct validity of the scale, the correlation between transition processes and parenting efficacy was used for testing predictive validity. Results: The final scale was composed of 23 items divided into 5 factors: wandering (7 items), devotion (5 items), acceptance (4 items), denial (4 items), frustration (3 items). The total variance for validity described by the 5 factors was 60.8% and the reliability of the scale was total Cronbach’s α 0.90 and wandering 0.85, devotion 0.78, acceptance 0.72, denial 0.72, and frustration 0.71. Correlation between transition process and parenting efficacy was statistically significant; wandering(r=-0.61, P <.001), devotion (r=-0.60, P<.001), acceptance (r=0.30, P <.001), denial (r=-0.31, P <.001) and frustration (r= -0.27, P <.001). Conclusion: This final assessment scale will be used to investigate high-risk infant caregiver’s transition process and provide basic data for program development to provide differentiated support and care at each process.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6100 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6100/5299

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 134 145 Mohammad Jamal KHAN School of Management, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Shankar CHELLIAH School of Management, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Mahmod Sabri HARON School of Management, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Role of information source, perceived benefits and risks, and destination image has significantly been examined in travel and tourism literature; however, in medical tourism it is yet to be examined thoroughly. The concept discussed in this article is drawn form well established models in tourism literature. Methods: The purpose of this research was to identify the source of information, travel benefits and perceived risks related to movement of international patients and develop a conceptual model based on well-established theory. Thorough database search (Science Direct, utmj.org, nih.gov, nchu.edu.tw, palgrave-journals, medretreat, Biomedcentral) was performed to fulfill the objectives of the study.  Results: International patients always concern about benefits and risks related to travel. These benefits and risks form images of destination in the minds of international patients. Different sources of information make international patients acquaint about the associated benefits and risks, which later leads to development of intention to visit. This conceptual paper helps in establishing model for decision-making process of international patients in developing visit intention. Conclusion: Ample amount of literature is available detailing different factors involved in travel decision making of international patients; however literature explaining relationship between these factors is scarce.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6098 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6098/5297

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 257 259 Irma SIREGAR Dept. of Dental Nurse, Health Polytechnic of Semarang, Semarang - Indonesia Ratnawati HENDARI Dept. of Dental Nurse, Health Polytechnic of Semarang, Semarang - Indonesia 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6112 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6112/5311

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 170 178 Peng ZHOU Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Ran WEI Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Zhenkui GUO Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China Haining ZHU Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong, China Desmond CAMPBELL Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (H.K.S.A.R.), China Qi LI Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (H.K.S.A.R.), China Xiaoqun XU Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Junfu WANG Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Meng LUAN Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Xing CHEN Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Gang CHEN Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunity and Genetic Engineering of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous entity of monogenic disorders characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven genes were related, including HNF4α, GCK, HNF1α, IPF1, and HNF-1β, and various mutations are being reported. Methods: To help the overall understanding of MODY-related pathologic mutations, we studied a large MODY family found in 2012, in Shandong, China, which contained 9 patients over 3 generations.DNA was extracted from the periphery blood samples of (i) 9 affected members, (ii) 17 unaffected members, and (iii) 1000 healthy controls. Three pooled samples were obtained by mixing equal quantity ofDNA of each individual within the each group. Totally 400 microsatellite markers across the whole genome were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. The known MODY-related gene near the identified marker was sequenced to look for putative risk variants. Results: Allelic frequency of marker D17S798 on chromosome 17q11.2 were significantly different (P<0.001) between the affected vs. unaffected members and the affected vs. healthy controls, but not between the unaffected members vs. healthy controls. MODY5-related gene, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) on 17q12 near D17S798 became the candidate gene. A single nucleotide variant (SNV) of C77T in the non-coding area of exon 1 of HNF-1β was found to be related to MODY5. Conclusion: This novel SNV of HNF-1β contributes to the diabetes development in the family through regulating gene expression most likely. The findings help presymptomatic diagnosis, and imply that mutations in the non-coding areas, as well as in the exons, play roles in the etiology of MODY.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6101 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6101/5300

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 260 262 Jihane BELAYACHI Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Ilham RKAIN Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Hanane RKAIN Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Naoufel MADANI Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Fatiha AMLAIKY Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Aicha ZEKRAOUI Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Tarek DENDANE Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Khalid ABIDI Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Amine Ali ZE­GGWAGH Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Redouane ABOUQAL Medical Emergency Dept., Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco AND Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco 2016 02 28 2016 02 28   No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6113 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6113/5312

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 186 193 Sara EMAM GHOLIPOUR SEFIDDASHTI Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Enayatollah HOMAIE RAD Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shima BORDBAR Dept. of Health Management, School of Health Management and Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Female labor supply has been changed dramatically in the recent yr. In this study, we examined the effects of development on the relationship between fertility and female labor supply. Methods: We used data of population and housing census of Iran and estimated three separate models. To do this we employed Logistic Regressions (BLR). Results: The estimation results of our study showed that there was a negative relationship between fertility rate and female labor supply and there are some differences for this relationship in three models. Conclusion: When fertility rate increases, FLS would decreases. In addition, for higher fertility rates, the woman might be forced to work more because of the economic conditions of her family; and negative coefficients of the fertility rate effects on FLS would increase with a diminishing rate.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6103 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6103/5301

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 263 265 Oprica LACRAMIOARA Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania Manzu CIPRIAN Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6114 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6114/5313

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 194 202 Hassan HASHEMI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran AND Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Abbasali YEKTA Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Ebrahim JAFARZADEHPUR Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hadi OSTA­DIMOGHADDAM Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Koorosh ETEMAD Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir ASHARLOUS Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Payam NABOVATI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Mehdi KHABAZKHOOB Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: The latest WHO report indicates that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in 7 yr old children in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2013 with multistage cluster sampling, first graders were randomly selected from 8 cities in Iran. All children were tested by an optometrist for uncorrected and corrected vision, and non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction. Refractive errors in this study were determined based on spherical equivalent (SE) cyloplegic refraction. Results: From 4614 selected children, 89.0% participated in the study, and 4072 were eligible. The prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were 3.04% (95% CI: 2.30-3.78), 6.20% (95% CI: 5.27-7.14), and 17.43% (95% CI: 15.39-19.46), respectively. Prevalence of myopia (P=0.925) and astigmatism (P=0.056) were not statistically significantly different between the two genders, but the odds of hyperopia were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01-2.05) times higher in girls (P=0.011). The prevalence of with-the-rule astigmatism was 12.59%, against-the-rule was 2.07%, and oblique 2.65%. Overall, 22.8% (95% CI: 19.7-24.9) of the schoolchildren in this study had at least one type of refractive error. Conclusion: One out of every 5 schoolchildren had some refractive error. Conducting multicenter studies throughout the Middle East can be very helpful in understanding the current distribution patterns and etiology of refractive errors compared to the previous decade.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6104 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6104/5302

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 266 267 Walid ABU RAYYAN Dep. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia 2016 02 28 2016 02 28   No abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6115 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6115/5314

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 203 213 Allahbakhsh JAVID School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Amir Abbas HAMEDIAN Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed GHARIBI School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mohammad Hos­sein SOWLAT Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: In the past few decades, Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a primary concern to the point. It is increasingly believed to be of equal or greater importance to human health compared to ambient air. However, due to the lack of comprehensive indices for the integrated assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ), we aimed to develop a novel, Fuzzy-Based Indoor Air Quality Index (FIAQI) to bridge the existing gap in this area. Methods: We based our index on fuzzy logic, which enables us to overcome the limitations of traditional methods applied to develop environmental quality indices. Fifteen parameters, including the criteria air pollutants, volatile organic compounds, and bioaerosols were included in the FIAQI due mainly to their significant health effects. Weighting factors were assigned to the parameters based on the medical evidence available in the literature on their health effects. The final FIAQI consisted of 108 rules. In order to demonstrate the performance of the index, data were intentionally generated to cover a variety of quality levels. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the index. Results: The FIAQI tends to be a comprehensive tool to classify IAQ and produce accurate results. Conclusion: It seems useful and reliable to be considered by authorities to assess IAQ environments.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6105 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6105/5303

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 268 269 Azarmidokht ROKNI Persian Language and Literature School, Payam Noor University, Ahvaz, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28   No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6116 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6116/5315

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 214 222 Ibrahim ABDOLLAHPOUR School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali BESHARAT Dept. of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Bayan HOSSEINI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yahya SALIMI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) has recently been considered as one of the necessary elements for success and achievement in medical fields. The present study was conducted in Iran to compare the EI in medical and non-medical students adjusted for the other relevant factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 to January 2012 on 872 students of medicine, paramedical and non-medical groups in Tehran University and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran selected by multi-stage weighted cluster sampling. The Farsi version of revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence (FEIS) was used to estimate emotional intelligence. Results: The mean of total EI was equal to 124.9 (SD=8.4) out of 205 and the means for its dimensions were as follows: regulation of emotions 39.3 (SD=5.1), utilization of emotions 26.7 (SD=3.6) and appraisal of emotions 33.5 (SD=5.3). While the paramedical and non-medical students' total EI score was significantly higher than the medical students', in the utilization of emotions dimension, the medical students scored significantly higher than the other two groups. Conclusions: The lower levels of the medical students' total EI score in comparison with paramedical and non-medical students in this study demands the relevant authorities to pay even more attention to the selection and training of medical students.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6106 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6106/5304

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 270 271 Mahshid GHONCHEH Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shahin SOLTANI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid SALEHINIYA Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6117 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6117/5316

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 223 229 Seyed Jafar ADNANI SADATI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali FARAHNAK Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bagher MOLAEI RAD Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolfazl GOLESTANI Dept. of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ESHRAGHIYAN Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: Hydatid cysts are formed in human body can be treated clinically by surgery or drugs such as albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole (MBZ). The purpose of this study was comparing the effects of ABZ and MBZ on glutathione-S-transferase, alkaline phosphatase and protease enzymes activities in protoscoleces of hydatid cyst. Methods: The culture supernatants containing the parasite Excretory / Secretory (E/S) products were collected every 12 h for 72 h. The E/S products of treated samples with 1µg/ml ABZ and MBZ and the control one were collected and after centrifugation then protein concentrations were measured according to Bradford method. GST, ALP and protease activities of E/S products were assessed photometrically. Results: The mean of GST specific activity level in treated protoscoleces with ABZ and MBZ and in control group were obtained 69.44, 132.83 and 225.47U/mg/protein/ml respectively. The mean ALP activity level in treated protoscoleces with ABZ and MBZ and in control group were detected 19.22, 22.27 and 27.85 U/mg/protein/ml respectively. The protease activity level in treated protoscoleces with ABZ and MBZ were not detected. While the mean of protease activity level in control group was 7.61U/mg/proteins. Statistical analysis showed the significant difference between protein concentrations, the specific activities of GST, ALP and protease enzymes in treated protoscoleces in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Also, the significant difference were seen between specific activities of GST and ALP enzymes in treated protoscoleces with ABZ in comparison with treated group with MBZ (P<0.05). Conclusion: ABZ is more effective on the enzymes activities (GST and ALP) as compared with MBZ.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6107 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6107/5305

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 272 273 Toba KAZEMI Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Masood VAFAYENEGHAD Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Gholamreza SHARIFZADEH Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6118 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6118/5317

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 230 238 Elham JAHANMARD Deputy of Food and Drug, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh ANSARI Deputy of Food and Drug, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mansour FEIZI Deputy of Food and Drug, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: The present study was the first attempt for determination and measurement of pesticide residues in tomatoes used in salad production plants in Isfahan, central Iran. Methods: A multiresidue method based on modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation, followed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed and validated for the determination of 15 pesticides (permethrin, primicarb, dichlorvos, diazinone, fenpropathrin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, malathion, chlortalonil, brompropilate, propargit, tetradifone, phosalone, iprodion and endosulfane) from different classes. The recovery yields ranged from 83.84 to 119.73%and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 20.54%. The limits of detection (LODs) were between 1.63to 10.5 mg/kg and the limits of quantifications (LOQs) were between 5.43to35 mg/kg. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 22 tomato samples obtained from salad production plants in Isfahan in Sep to Dec 2014. Results: An amount of 31.81% of samples showed contamination above maximum residue levels (MRLs) with pesticides. In addition, 13.6% of samples had contamination with diazinone and 18.18% of samples with chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: A full consideration is essential for tomatoes used in salad and food productions. It suggests a need for revision of the current trend of supervision for tomatoes and other vegetables presented in wholesale markets. In all, the study confirms that pesticide residue determination in food products, especially in raw fruits and vegetables, is a very demanding task in public health safety and trade.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6108 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6108/5307

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 274 275 Seyyed Meysam MOUSAVI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi HAGHI Dept. of Health Education, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahdi GHARASI MANSHADI Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28  No Abstract.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6119 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6119/5318

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 239 248 Leili TAPAK Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hossein MAHJUB Research Center for Health Sciences and Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Majid SADEGHIFAR Dept. of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Massoud SAIDIJAM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Jalal POOROLAJAL Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 Background: One substantial part of microarray studies is to predict patients’ survival based on their gene expression profile. Variable selection techniques are powerful tools to handle high dimensionality in analysis of microarray data. However, these techniques have not been investigated in competing risks setting. This study aimed to investigate the performance of four sparse variable selection methods in estimating the survival time. Methods: The data included 1381 gene expression measurements and clinical information from 301 patients with bladder cancer operated in the years 1987 to 2000 in hospitals in Denmark, Sweden, Spain, France, and England. Four methods of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, smoothly clipped absolute deviation, the smooth integration of counting and absolute deviation and elastic net were utilized for simultaneous variable selection and estimation under an additive hazards model. The criteria of area under ROC curve, Brier score and c-index were used to compare the methods. Results: The median follow-up time for all patients was 47 months. The elastic net approach was indicated to outperform other methods. The elastic net had the lowest integrated Brier score (0.137±0.07) and the greatest median of the over-time AUC and C-index (0.803±0.06 and 0.779±0.13, respectively). Five out of 19 selected genes by the elastic net were significant (P<0.05) under an additive hazards model. It was indicated that the expression of RTN4, SON, IGF1R and CDC20 decrease the survival time, while the expression of SMARCAD1 increase it. Conclusion: The elastic net had higher capability than the other methods for the prediction of survival time in patients with bladder cancer in the presence of competing risks base on additive hazards model.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6109 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6109/5308

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 2 2016 02 28 276 277 Abotaleb BAY Dept. of Environment Health, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Hashem HESHMATI Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran 2016 02 28 2016 02 28 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6120 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/6120/5319