Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 1 5 Dariush. D FARHUD Genetic Clinic, Vallie Asr Sq, Tehran, Iran AND School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan ZARIF YEGANEH Genetic Clinic, Vallie Asr Sq, Tehran, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sci¬ences, Tehran, Iran Hosein SADIGHI Genetic Clinic, Vallie Asr Sq, Tehran, Iran Shahram ZANDVAKILI Genetic Clinic, Vallie Asr Sq, Tehran, Iran 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) or testicular feminization is a partial or complete inability of cell response to androgen. The cause is enzymatic defect in synthesis of testosterone, resulting sexually immature phenotypically female, with primary amenorrhea. There are three categories of AIS, complete, partial and mild, depending on the degree of external genital masculinization. The aim of this study was to find out chromosomal abnormalities, and correlation between AIS and maternal/paternal age, parents' consanguineous marriage, family history and clinical observation, in Iranian AIS patients.   Method: This study includes a retrospective data analysis of 72,000 families' medical records in the Genetic Clinic in Tehran, during a 30-yr period (1984-2014). The essential basis for the patients' referral to the clinic by gynecologists was primary amenorrhea. Cytogenetic abnormalities has been confirmed by chromosome G-banding and conventional staining methods. Results: Seventy AIS female patients with 46XY pattern were cytogenetically diagnosed and the frequency of AIS syndrome was estimated about 0.05% (~70/140000). The results showed no association between AIS and maternal or paternal age nor were the marital pattern of the parents. The clinical findings illustrated that primary amenorrhea had the highest indication for referral of AIS patients for genetic counseling and cytogenetic study. Conclusion: No correlation was observed between AIS and maternal or paternal age or consanguineous marriages. Amenorrhea is the most clinically observed sign of AIS patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5836 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5836/5271

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 5835 5835 Dariush D FARHUD 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5835 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5835/4685

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 102 103 Moon Seok KWON Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-Si, Korea Taikyeong Ted. JEONG Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5851 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5851/5285

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 6 13 Yunfeng YE Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China Siheng ZHANG Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China Jiaming RAO Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China Haiqing WANG Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China Yang LI Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China Shengyong WANG Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China Xiaomei DONG Center for Injury Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 Background: This study provides a national profile of major work safety accidents in China, which cause more than 10 fatalities per accident, intended to provide scientific basis for prevention measures and strategies to reduce major work safety accidents and deaths. Methods: Data from 2003-2012 Census of major work safety accidents were collected from State Administration of Work Safety System (SAWS). Published literature and statistical yearbook were also included to implement information. We analyzed the frequency of accidents and deaths, trend, geographic distribution and injury types. Additionally, we discussed the severity and urgency of emergency rescue by types of accidents. Results: A total of 877 major work safety accidents were reported, resulting in 16,795 deaths and 9,183 injuries. The numbers of accidents and deaths, mortality rate and incidence of major accidents have declined in recent years. The mortality rate and incidence was 0.71 and 1.20 per 106 populations in 2012, respectively. Transportation and mining contributed to the highest number of major accidents and deaths. Major aviation and railway accidents caused more casualties per incident, while collapse, machinery, electrical shock accidents and tailing dam accidents were the most severe situation that resulted in bigger proportion of death. Conclusion: Ten years’ major work safety accident data indicate that the frequency of accidents and number of deaths was declined and several safety concerns persist in some segments.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5838 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5838/5272

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 104 105 Kuang Hock LIM Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Chien Huey THE Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Hui Li LIM Manipal Medical College, Malacca, Malaysia Yi Yi KHOO Institute of Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Keng Joo LAU School of Health Sciences, Universitiy Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia Chan YY Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sumarni MOHD GHAZALIG Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Chee Cheong KEE CC Manipal Medical College, Malacca, Malaysia Kuang Kuay LIM Manipal Medical College, Malacca, Malaysia Normala IBRAHIM Psychiatric Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Fadhli Mohd YUSOFF Manipal Medical College, Malacca, Malaysia 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5852 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5852/5286

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 14 19 Farzad ALLAMEH Dept. of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza POURMAND Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali BOZORGI Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh NEKUIE Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshad NAMDARI Dept. of Urology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum levels of androgens and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in an Iranian population. Methods: Male individuals admitted to Tehran Heart Center and Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2011-2012 were categorized into CAD and control groups based on selective coronary angiography. Baseline demographic data, including age, BMI, diabetes, and a history of hypertension were recorded. Patients were also assessed for their serum levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepi and rosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). Data analysis was carried out chi-square and ANOVA tests as well as logistic regression analysis. Results: Two hundred patients were in the CAD group and 135 individuals in control group. In the CAD group, 69 had single-vessel disease, 49 had two-vessel diseases, and 82 had three-vessel diseases. Statistically significant differences were observed between the individuals in the two groups with respect to age (P<0.0001), diabetes (P<0.0001), and a history of hypertension (P=0.018). The serum levels of free testosterone (P=0.048) and DHEA-S (P<0.0001) were significantly higher in the control group than in the CAD group; however, the serum level of SHBG was higher in the CAD group than in the control group (P=0.007). Results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that only age (P=0.042) and diabetes (P=0.003) had significant relationships with CAD. Conclusion: Although the serum levels of some of the androgens were significantly different between the two groups, no association was found between androgenic hormone levels and the risk of CAD, due mainly to the effect of age and diabetes.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5839 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5839/5273

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 5853 5853 Thorakkal SHAMIM Dept. of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Malappuram, India 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5853 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5853/5287

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 20 26 Lei HE Dept. of Hepabiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Maohu LIN Dept. of Urological Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing100051, China Wensheng FAN Dept. of Gynecology and Obstetrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853,China Yunxi LIU Dept. of Nosocomial Infection and Disease Control, PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853,China Jijiang SUO Dept. of Nosocomial Infection and Disease Control, PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853,China Yubin XING Dept. of Nosocomial Infection and Disease Control, PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853,China Ning JIA Dept. of Nosocomial Infection and Disease Control, PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853,China 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 Background: During recent years, infection of Acinetobacter baumanii showed a rapid growth in hospitals and community. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most important pattern recognition receptors, which play a critical role during recognizing invading pathogens by the natural immune system. Our objective was to determine the associations of TLRs polymorphisms with the susceptibility to A. baumanii infection in a Chinese population. Methods: We carried out a case-control study, genotyping 13 polymorphisms of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5 and TLR-9 genes on 423 A. baumanii-infected patients and 385 exposed controls. Thirteen SNPs at the TLR-2 (rs3804099, rs7656411 and rs76112010), TLR-4 (rs1927914, rs10759932 and rs11536889), TLR-5 (rs1341987, rs1640827, rs1861172, rs2241097, rs5744174 and rs17163737) and TLR9 (rs187084) genes were analyzed. SNP genotyping was performed using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. Results:  The SNP of TLR-9, rs187084, was related to A. baumanii-infection significantly under recessive model (G/G, to A/A + G/A, P = 0.0064, OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40-0.86) after adjustment with agto Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran, Iran, in 2015. He suffered from scalp seborrhea. Concurrent gastrointestinal symptoms and the changes in the clinical symptoms after consumption of the polyherbal traditional drug called Triphala are discussed. The scalp sebum was measured with a Sebumeter SM815. Gastrointestinal symptoms were followed using a valid questionnaire. After two months of treatment, scalp sebum secretion had decreased substantially. The patient also experienced remarkable improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms. Considering the positive effect of this known and safe polyherbal drug on skin sebum, it is an appropriate option for detailed large-scale clinical trials.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14050/6045

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1039 1040 Samir MANIĆ Faculty of Law, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia Sabina ZEJNELAGIĆ Faculty of Law, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Strict Product Liability of Medical Employees for Damage Caused by the Use of Medical Means with Deficiency in the USA Law https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14053 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14053/6048

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 958 966 Shanshan GENG Dept. of Children and Adolescents Health Care, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China AND MOE and Shanghai Key Lab of Children’s Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Jingqiu MA Dept. of Children and Adolescents Health Care, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China AND MOE and Shanghai Key Lab of Children’s Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanshan LIU Dept. of Children and Adolescents Health Care, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China AND MOE and Shanghai Key Lab of Children’s Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Jie ZHANG Dept. of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Xiaoyang SHENG Dept. of Children and Adolescents Health Care, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China AND MOE and Shanghai Key Lab of Children’s Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Background: Although the prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese infants has decreased, micronutrient deficiency is still common. This study aimed to describe and compare the status of micronutrient deficiency and its association with dietary variety and socio-demographic features among infants from urban and rural China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1200 children aged 18-month-old from rural villages in Yunnan and an urban city in Shanghai. Information on food intake was obtained from a 24-h dietary recall technique. Anthropometric measures, dietary diversity score (DDS), food variety score (FVS), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated and compared. Correlations between DDS, FVS, MAR, NAR, and anthropometric measures were examined. Results: Compared with urban area, DDS, FVS, and NAR of most micronutrients of infants from rural areas were significantly lower. These data corresponded to significant lower Z-scores of physical growth in rural infants. DDS, FVS, and NAR were positively correlated to anthropometric measures. Conclusion: Infants from rural areas consumed a significantly lower amount of micronutrient and had worse anthropometric measures. Both DDS and FVS could be used in dietary assessment studies on children. This is the first research quantified the difference in dietary diversity and micronutrient status of infants in rural and urban areas of China. Our work can potentially serve as a guide to infant feeding recommendations.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14037 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14037/6036

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1041 1043 Kewwan KIM Division of Sport Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea David MULLINEAUX School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom Kyoungkyu JEON Division of Sport Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea AND Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Exercise Rehabilitative Approach to Functional Improvement in Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Functional Movement Screen-based Program https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14054 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14054/6049

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 967 972 Arezoo BOZORGOMID Dept. of Microbiology, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran.Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naser NAZARI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Eshrat Beigom KIA Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Homa HAJARAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Peyman HEYDARIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Yazdan HAMZAVI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Sara NEMATI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Bagher ROKNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in the definitive hosts (human and livestock) and intermediate (Lymnaea snails) hosts in Kermanshah Province, western Iran from 2014-2016. Methods: The study on animals was descriptive and retrospective one. All daily records of animals slaughtered in the abattoirs were analyzed. For the study of human fascioliasis, 975 serum samples were collected from different parts of Kermanshah Province and analyzed using ELISA based on excretory-secretory antigens. Moreover, 4400 Lymnaea snails were collected from 25 habitats. The snails were identified and examined for presence of cercariae by shedding method. Results: Fasciolosis was diagnosed in 1.7% of slaughtered animals, which was significantly greater than the other species (P<0.005). There was significant difference (P<0.001) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and seasonal pattern. As for human cases, five cases (0.5%) were positive for fascioliasis. Regarding the seropositivity to fasciolosis, no significant differences were found for age groups, sex, level of education and occupation. No Fasciola infection was seen in snails of the family Lymnaeidae. Conclusion: The prevalence of Fasciola parasite was lower compared to other provinces. This is probably due to sequential decline in rainfall and hot climate that makes conditions difficult for the snail intermediate host snails and the larval stages of fasciolid trematodes. The habitual food of people is another important point.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14039 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14039/6037

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1044 1046 Ee-Gyeong KIM Dept. of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea Sarah CHUNG Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Min Gyo CHUNG Dept. of Computer Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Effects of Food Consumption on Self-rated Health: Evidence from Korean Adolescents https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14055 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14055/6050

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 973 979 Chao SHEN Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China AND The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Suzhou Industry Park, SuZhou, China Wei FAN Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China Hui-Jian XIE Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China Ming WU Center for Disease Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China Zheng-Yuan ZHOU Center for Disease Control of Changshu, Suzhou, China Zhi-Rong GUO Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China Chen DONG Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 2018 07 16 2018 07 16   Background: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is more likely to be genetically determined according to the increasing evidence of epidemiologic and clinical studies in recent years. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, the ligand-activated transcription factors, was considered as an indispensable role in the process of lipid metabolism. This study was designed to explore the associations of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the haplotypes of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ gene with the level of Lp(a). Methods: Participants were recruited under the framework of the PMMJS (The Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Multi-metabolic Disorders in Jiangsu Province of China Study) from Apr 1999 to Jun 2004. Overall, 644 subjects were randomly selected and 3 SNPs of PPARγ gene (rs10865710, rs1805192, rs4684847) were genotyped. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, waist circumference and body mass index, rs4684847 was significantly associated with Lp (a). The presence of the rs4684847 T allele (CT+TT) have a lower level of Lp (a) than the allele (CC) in the dominant model, mean difference was -27.30 (95%CI:-52.88~-1.73) mg/L, P<0.05. G-P-T and G-A-T haplotype were associated with lower levels of Lp (a) (P=0.0041 and<0.0001), mean difference was 49.79(95%CI:-97.52~-2.06) mg/L and 17.75(95%CI:-25.75~-9.75) mg/L. Conclusion: PPAR gamma polymorphisms (rs10865710, rs1805192, rs4684847) and haplotypes may be the genetic risk factors for Lp (a) level.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14041 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14041/6038

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1047 1049 So-Hyung KANG Dept. of Sports and Wellbeing, Arts & Sports, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Korea 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Effect of Competitive and Non-competitive Exercise on Serotonin Levels in Adolescents with Various Levels of Internet Gaming Addiction https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14056 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14056/6051

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 980 987 Mehdi KAZEMPOUR DIZAJI Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Anoshirvan KAZEMNEJAD Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Payam TABARSI Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farid ZAYERI Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 16 2018 07 16   Background: We conducted this study among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who received treatment, in order to determine the risk factors associated with survival of during treatments. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2005-2015 with newly registered TB patients in the Hospital of Masih Daneshvari Doctor, Tehran, Iran. Overall, 5313 patients met our study's cohort definition, but the analysis was performed on 2299 patients (43.2%) who had a correct address and they could be traced-out by the Medical – registry. Time in days was used in survival model and patients who were still alive (until last follow-up date) considered as censored. To study the effect of risk factors on patients’ survival, the generalized gamma regression model was used. Results: Based on the results of univariate analysis, gender (RR=2 (95% CI: 1.1−3.7), high school education (Relative Risk: RR=0.3 (95% CI: 0.2−0.7), higher education (RR=0.3 (95% CI: 0.1−0.9), smoker (RR=2.5 (95% CI: 1.4−4.2), drug user (RR=2.4 (95% CI: 1.4−4), TB contact (RR=0.5 (95% CI: 0.3−0.8) and HIV positive (RR=4 (95% CI: 1.7−9.2) affected patients’ survival. Moreover, the results of multivariate analysis showed that, gender (RR=5.5 (95% CI: 2.2−13.5), age (RR=1.1 (95% CI: 1−1.1), adverse drug effect (RR=2.5 (95% CI: 1.2−5.4), smoker (RR=3.3 (95% CI: 1.2−9.4), TB contact (RR=0.2 (95% CI: 0.1−0.5), diabetic mellitus (RR=3 (95% CI: 1−8.3), HIV positive (RR=26 (95% CI: 4.6−145.9) and comorbidities (RR=4.9 (95% CI: 2−11.6) were identified as factors affecting patients’ survival. Conclusion: Our data indicated associated risk factors in TB mortality and could suggest way to progressing national tuberculosis program (NTP) for predicating and plan for effective interventional strategies.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14042 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14042/6039

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1050 1051 Małgorzata PAJĄCZEK National Health Fund Central Office, Warsaw, Poland Tatyana HALYTSKA Dept. of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Tomasz KRYCZKA Dept. of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Have We Forgotten the Threat Posed by HIV? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14057 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14057/6052

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 988 993 Yuyuan MU Dept. of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar Heilongjiang, 161000, P.R. China Zhichao WANG Dept. of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, P.R. China Jiexin ZHOU Dept. of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar Heilongjiang, 161000, P.R. China Chenxi TAN Dept. of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar Heilongjiang, 161000, P.R. China Hongjiao WANG Dept. of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar Heilongjiang, 161000, P.R. China 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Background: We aimed to investigate the correlations of the inflammatory response factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), with patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), so as to provide a basis for the treatment and prevention of PSD for patients. Methods: The clinical laboratory data of 60 patients with PSD in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China from July 2016 to July 2017 and those of another 60 stroke patients without PSD admitted in the same period were analyzed retrospectively. The expression levels of inflammatory response factors in the two groups of patients and in PSD patients with different levels of depression were compared and analyzed via statistical methods. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether inflammatory response factors were independent risk factors for PSD patients. Results: The expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in patients with PSD were significantly increased compared with those in patients without PSD, and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.429, t=6.355, t=5.792, P<0.001). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP had statistically significant differences between any two groups of mild, moderate and severe PSD patients (P<0.05). Results of multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) values of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP) were 1.160, 1.099 and 1.248, respectively, and the corresponding p values were 0.020, 0.039 and 0.007 in patients of observation group, indicating the above three inflammatory response factors were independent risk factors for PSD. Conclusion: The clinic control on the expression levels of inflammatory response factors (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP) are extremely important for the treatment and prevention of PSD.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14043 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14043/6040

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 14059 14059 Shaohan WU School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China Haikuan WANG School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Medical Errors, Regrettable Mistakes in Public Health https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14059 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14059/6053

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 994 1000 Faezezeh MOHAMMADI Dep. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Seyed Jamal HASHEMI Dept. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mojtaba SEYEDMOUSAVI Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands Dorna AKBARZADE School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Background: Aspergillus fumigatus is a major cause of allergic syndromes, aspergilloma and life-threatening invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. To date, a wide range of mutations in A. fumigatushave been described conferring azole-resistance, which commonly involves modifications in the cyp51A-gene (substitutions at codons G54, G138, P216, F219, M220, G448 and specifically codon L98 in combination with a 34-bp tandem repeat in the promoter region of the gene), the target for azole antifungals. We investigated the prevalence of azole-resistance in clinical A. fumigatus isolates obtained from patients in Iran during 2010 to 2014. Methods: Overall, 172clinical A. fumigatus isolates obtained from patients with underlying disease including transplantation, granulocytopenia, chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Samples were collected between Jan 2009 and Nov 2014 from five provinces of Iran (Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Khorasan razavi and East Azerbaijan). Antifungal susceptibility test was determined according to EUCAST reference method for itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC) and posaconazole (POS). All isolates were confirmed by amplification of the partial tubulin gene. Results: Of 172 A. fumigatus isolates tested, six isolates (3.5%) had high MIC values of ITC (>16 mg/L) and VRC (≥4 mg/L). All six isolates showed a multi-resistant phenotype with high MICs of ITC and VRC. Conclusion: We determined in-vitro susceptibility a profile of 172 clinically isolates of A. fumigatus against triazole in Iran. Azole-resistance is an emerging problem in A. fumigatus and international surveillance is warranted.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14045 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14045/6041

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1053 1054 Anam KHURSHID Dept. of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Ahmed USMAN Dept. of Sociology, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Umer FAROOQ University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Traditional Milk Marketing Chain: One of the Leading Causes of Fatal Diseases in Pakistan https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14060 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14060/6054

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1001 1006 Lei GAI Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical Collage, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China Yan TONG Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical Collage, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China Biqing YAN Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical Collage, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Background: We aimed to investigate the application effects of pulmonary physical therapy on the patients with respiratory failure. Methods: Overall, 132 patients with respiratory failure admitted into the Affiliated Hospital of Medical Collage of Ningbo University from 2013-2017 were enrolled and divided into control group (n=66) and observation group (n=66). Patients in the two groups received conventional physical therapy but those in observation group received pulmonary physical therapy additionally. The ventilation and air-exchanging functions, scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and occurrence of complications in patients in the two groups were compared. Results: PaO2, PaCO2, PaO2/FiO2 and estimated FEV2% were greatly improved in patients in the two groups after treatment and those in patients in observation group were better than those in patients in control group; the differences were statistically significant (P=0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of APACHE II in patients in the two groups before treatment and at 2 days and 3 days after treatment. Scores of APACHE II of patients in observation group were obviously lower than those of other group at 4 days and 7 days after treatment and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.015, 0.029). The total incidence rates of complications in patients in observation group and control group were 7.57% and 39.39%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). Conclusion: The treatment of respiratory failure patients with pulmonary physical therapy can greatly improve the ventilation and air-exchanging functions, avoid the occurrence of complications and improve the health condition.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14046/6042

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1055 1057 Bijan PIRNIA Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran AND Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kambiz PIRNIA Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Tehran, Iran Alireza ZAHIRODDIN Dept. of Psychiatry, Behavior Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Auricular Acupuncture for Craving in a Single-subject Case Study of Woman with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Ecstasy Use https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14061 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14061/6055

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1007 1016 Hong-Rong YANG Dept. of Science, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Lei MA Dept. of Science, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Yi-Feng JIANG Dept. of Science, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Yun-Cheng WU Dept. of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Eugene C. LAI Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA Yan-Hong ZHU Dept. of Science, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China AND Health Economic Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University National Institute Hospital Development, Shanghai, China .AND School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of disease management program (DMP) on the patients with first-time ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: A DMP with 4 parts of performance indicators (PIs, including outpatient, emergency department, inpatient and follow-up treatment) was implemented in patients with stroke in 2 hospitals (Hospital T and R) in Shanghai China from 2007-2010. The effect of DMP on the outcome of IS patients was analyzed according to the criteria of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Furthermore, the total effective rate of DMP, average length of stay, hospitalization cost, and cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) between DMP and non-DMP patients were calculated, followed by the cost-effectiveness analysis. Results: The total effective rate of DMP (T: 69.9%; R: 76.6%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of non-DMP (T: 60.8%; R: 62.7%) group in the same hospital. In addition, a significant (P<0.05) difference in effective rate was observed between DMP and non-DMP at the NIHSS score ≥ 7. Furthermore, the average length of stay and hospitalization cost of the patients in DMP group were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in non-DMP group. A superior CER was also found in DMP group than non-DMP group. Conclusion: The implementation of DMP for IS can effectively improve the treatment outcome and reduce the average length of stay and hospitalization cost.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14048 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14048/6043

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1058 1060 Reza JAFARZADEH ESFEHANI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Medical Genetic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahtab DASTPAK Dept. of Genetic, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran AND Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Reza MIRINEZHAD Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Medical Genetic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ariane SADR-NABAVI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Medical Genetic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Dept. of Genetic, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran 2018 07 16 2018 07 16 Complications in Diagnosis of Susceptible Cases of Fragile X Syndrome https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14062 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14062/6056

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 1017 1029 Dazhi DENG Dept. of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China