Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 77 81 Farzaneh ZAHEDI Bagher LARIJANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 The clinical potentials of stem cells in cell-based therapies have raised great hopes in diabetes mellitus as well. However, there are complex ethical, legal, and socio-cultural issues surrounding the subject. In this paper, we intend to review in brief the main ethical issues for endocrinologists and other clinicians who are interested and work in the field of cell therapy and research.   Keywords: Cell therapy, Diabetes mellitus, Stem cell, Ethics   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4918 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4918/4493

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 1 5 Ali TOOTEE Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI Bagher LARIJANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4909 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4909/4484

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 6 15 Rowshanak ABBASI Bagher LARIJANI Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI Mostafa GHOR­BANI Camelia RAMBOD Ramin HESHMAT 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 Background: Stem cell therapy is a new treatment option for different diseases. The aim of this systematic review is assessing the articles that focus on SCT in Iran and evaluate the amount of their success, failure and complication. Methods: Systematic search was conducted for finding English and Persian papers (controlled trials and cohort studies with follow up) published before March 2015. We searched PubMed, ISI, and SCOPUS as the main international electronic data sources, as well as Iranmedex, Irandoc, andSID as the main domestic databases. Quality assessment of clinical trial and cohort study was performed based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) check lists respectively. Results: The 19 published articles in this systematic review included 2 cohort, 13 clinical trial, 3 open label clinical trial and 1 clinical trial pilot study. The stem cell types for transplantation were Mesenchymal (63.15%), mononuclear (31.6%), and fetal liver cell suspension (5.6%). The most SCT was performed at Tehran (68.42%), Shiraz (15.8%), Kerman & Isfahan hospitals (5.26%). The main diseases were decompensated cirrhosis and myocardial infarction (26.31%), MS (15.78%), DM (10.52%), Burger disease, neuroblastoma, sub-acute spinal cord injury and osteoarthritis (5.26%). Conclusion: The most of cells transplantation are performed successfully in Iran. Cell transplantation may be safely administered to treat patients with disabling disease.   Keywords: Clinical Trial, Cohort, Stem Cell Transplantation, Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4910/4485

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 16 26 Farideh RAZI Ali TOOTEE Bagher LARIJANI Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 Background: The purpose of the current study was to present an overview of different types of stem-cells and their application for treatment different degenerative disorders with specific focus on ongoing clinical trials. Methods: For the purpose of the current narrative review article, a comprehensive search was carried out on the existing literature in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus using the keywords: stem-cell (fetal and mesenchymal), regenerative. Relevant articles published from 1957 to 2013 are extracted and presented. Results: During the past decades, different types of stem-cells (including adult and fetal) have been used for treatment of a wide range of immunologic (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, Di George syndrome), neurologic (Parkinson’s disease, Huntington Chorea, Cerebral Palsy), musculoskeletal (ALS), and cardiovascular diseases (heart failure and cardiomyopathies) as well as chronic and acute ulcers, and diabetes. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that during the past decades, stem-cell technology has been applied for treatment of a wide range of degenerative disorders with considerable success. The current ongoing clinical trials clearly demonstrate a great potential and a promising future for the technology in terms of offering curative treatment for a wide range of hitherto-incurable diseases.   Keywords: Stem cell, Transplantation, Treatment, Review Article   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4911 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4911/4486

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 27 35 Maryam GHODSI Farzaneh ABBASI Ali TOOTEE Ramin HESHMAT Camelia RAMBOD Bagher LARIJANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 Background: Cell-based treatments are currently being actively received great attention among scientists and clinicians for a variety of diseases as well as diabetes .The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allotransplantation of fetal liver-derived cell suspension in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes (n=16) aged 6-30 years-old were included in the study. Fetal liver-derived cell suspension was transplanted by the means of intravenous injection patient. Results: In most of patient, blood glucose levels gradually decreased within the first day of infusion. Insulin independence occurred in 3 patients out of the 16 (18.7%) for 4 to 24 months. They showed increasing levels of serum c-peptide along with decreasing of levels of HbA1c level. In other patients, no significant changes in parameters of diabetes control were observed. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that transplantation of fetal stem cells could, although not permanently, be an effective therapeutic intervention in patients with type 1 diabetes. To demonstrate effectiveness of stem-cell therapy for treatment of diabetes, more clinical trials with stricter inclusion criteria, modified protocols, and larger number of patients and are necessary as well as long periods of follow up.   Keywords: Stem cell, Type 1 diabetes, Allotransplantation, Fetal Liver-Derived Cell Suspension, Cell Therapy https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4912 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4912/4487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 36 41 Ali TOOTEE Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI Maryam GHODSI Farideh RAZI Moham­madreza AMINI Bagher LARIJANI Ramin HESHMAT 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 Background: Stem-cell technology has been advocated as a potentially curative option for treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of allotransplantation of fetal liver-derived cells for treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: For the purpose of the current study, 72 patients with recently diagnosed type 1 DM were recruited and fetal liver-derived cell suspension was administered by the means of intravenous injection. Anthropometric measurements and clinical data such as body mass index, duration of the disease, daily insulin requirement were recorded as well as some of laboratory indicators of favorable therapeutic response (hemoglobin A1c, c-peptide) before and after the intention at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following the intervention. Results: Administration of fetal liver-derived fetal stem-cells resulted in significant changes in indicators of diabetes control in the patients. Required daily insulin dose and HbA1c showed significant changes, and c-peptide levels decreased significantly during the first three months of follow up period (P= 0.000) although they started the decrease after that point. Conclusion: Stem-cell therapy resulted in significant changes in indicators of diabetes control and beta-cell function. More studies are required to demonstrate effectiveness of stem-cell therapy for type 1 diabetes.   Keywords: Stem cell, Type 1 diabetes, Therapy, Iran   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4913 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4913/4488

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 42 47 Rezvan RAZMANDEH Ali TOOTEE Farideh RAZI Camelia RAMBOD Bagher LARIJANI Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 Background: Stem-cell therapy plays a preventive role for different complications of diabetes, including diabetes nephropathy. The current phase 3 single-arm clinical trial is designed to investigate the potential protective effect of allotransplantation of fetal liver-derived cell suspension in diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Seventy-four diabetic patients with type 1 were selected according to the inclusion criteria defined and underwent the procedure of transplantation fetal liver-derived stem-cells. Patients were followed for a period on 24 months and indicators of diabetes and diabetes nephropathy (HbA1C, ACR, Cr and GFR) were monitored during the whole time. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS Vers.16 and one-way repeated measure ANOVA was used. Results: The GFR values significantly increased during the 24 months period of follow up. Conclusion: Stem-cell therapy can play a significant protective role in prevention from diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Stem-cell therapy, Diabetic nephropathy, Type 1 diabetes https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4914 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4914/4489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 48 54 Ali TOOTEE Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI Maryam GHODSI Farideh RAZI Hos­sein ADIBI Ramin HESHMAT Bagher LARIJANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 Background: Although the pathogenesis of diabetes type 1 (T1D) is not fully elucidated. Different clusters of lymphocytes such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are involved in it. Moreover, the mechanism of how stem-cell therapy results in significant therapeutic outcomes in diabetes remains obscure. In the current study, we aimed to analyze lymphocyte subsets in patients with T1D before and after treatment with Liver-derived Fetal Stem-cells, and investigated the potential underlying immunological mechanism of therapeutic effects of stem-cell therapy. Methods: Seventy-two patients with T1D were selected for our study and underwent allotransplantation of liver-derived fetal stem-cells. Relative counts of peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte subsets were detected by the means of flow cytometry analysis. Results: Our results demonstrated that administration of fetal liver-derived fetal stem-cells resulted in significant changes in the subpopulations of lymphocytes of the patients, more specifically, levels of CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD19+ lymphocytes. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that different subsets of lymphocytes significantly change following stem-cell therapy for diabetes. As it is demonstrated that immunological mechanisms are involved in pathogenesis of diabetes, these changes can suggest that therapeutic effect of stem-cell therapy for diabetes may be exerted via alternations in different lymphocyte subsets.  Keywords: Diabetes, Fetal stem-cell, Flow cytometry, Lymphocyte   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4915 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4915/4490

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 Supple 2 2015 10 21 55 68 Ensieh NASLI ESFAHANI Ardeshir GHAVAMZADEH Nika MOJAHEDYAZDI SeyyedJafar HASHEMIAN Kamran ALIMOGHADAM Nar­jes AGHEL Behrouz NIKBIN Bagher LARIJANI 2015 10 21 2015 10 21 tion between the TP53 Arg/Arg variant and an increased risk for prostate cancer, other studies have shown a positive correlation between the TP53 Pro/Pro genotype instead. Therefore, to clarify if this polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Iranian men, we conducted a case-control study of 40 sporadic prostate cancer patients and 80 benign prostate hyperplasia cases.The TP53 codon 72 was genotyped using an allele specific PCR.A significant association between the TP53 codon 72 genotype and prostate cancer risk was found (OR = 6.8, 95% CI = [1.8-25.1], P = 0.005). However, the results of this study did not support an association between age, the Gleason score nor TP53 genotype at codon 72 in prostate cancer patients.TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may have a great impact in the development of prostate cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4106 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4106/3764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 4 2014 04 15 460 70 Meghdad Pirsaheb 1. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran. Aliakbar Zinatizadeh 2. Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University , Kermanshah, Iran. Touba Khosravi 3. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran. Zahra Atafar 4. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran ; 5. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Saeed Dezfulinezhad 6. Department of Environmental Protection of Kermanshah , Iran. 2015 10 15 Dust pollution has become a serious environmental problem especially in recent decades. The present study aim was the investigation of the levels of PM10 concentration in Kermanshah, western Iran and also measured five important heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cr) in some samples during 2005 to 2011.A total 2277 samples were collected from air pollution measurement station belonging to the Department of Environment in Kermanshah. Furthermore, four samples were collected during dusty days to determine the selected heavy metals concentration. The samples were analyzed statistically using the SPSS Ver.16.The highest seasonal average concentration in spring was recorded in 2008 with 216.63μg/m(3), and the maximum values of 267.79 and 249.09μg/m(3) were observed in summer and winter in 2009, respectively. The maximum concentration of 127.1μg/m(3) was in autumn in 2010. The metals concentration (Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cr) of samples were 42.32±5.40, 37.45±9.29, 3.51±2.07, 1.88±1.64 and 0μg/g in July, 2009, respectively.According to National Ambient Air Quality of USEPA guidelines, the most days with non-standard, warning, emergency and critical conditions were related to 2009 (120 days) while the least polluted days were recorded in 2006 (16 days). There are concerns about the increasing frequency and intensity trend of dust storms in recent years as a result of special condition in neighboring Western countries which it could endanger public health and environment. All measured heavy metals except mercury was higher than the standard level of WHO and USEPA. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4104 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4104/3762

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 4 2014 04 15 471 9 Mohammad Shahbazi 1. GFATM Project Coordinator against HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Projects, United Nations Development Program, Prisons Organization , Tehran, Iran. Marzieh Farnia 2. Health and Treatment Office of Iranian Prisons Organization , Tehran, Iran. Khaled Rahmani 3. Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Ghobad Moradi 4. Dept. of Epidemiology, Kurdistan Research Center for Social Determinants of Health (KRCSDH), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. 2015 10 15 HIV/AIDS epidemic is concentrated among injecting drug users in Iran. Like many other countries with HIV/AIDS concentrated epidemic, prisons are high risk areas for spreading HIV/AIDS. The aim of this paper was to study the trend of HIV/AIDS prevalence and related interventions administered in prisons of Iran during a 13 years period.This cross sectional study was conducted using the data collected from the sentinel sites in all prisons in the country and it also used the data about Harm Reduction interventions which has been implemented by Iran Prisons Organization. To evaluate the correlation between the prevalence and each of administered interventions in prisons the Correlation Coefficient Test was used for the second half of the mentioned time period.The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in prisons had increased rapidly in the early stages of epidemic, so that in 20