Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 4777 4777 Dariush D Farhud 2015 10 15 - https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4777

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 1 6 Dariush D Farhud School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Tehran Genetic Clinic, 22 Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran. Marjan Zarif Yeganeh 2015 10 15 The evolution of human blood groups, without doubt, has a history as old as man himself. There are at least three hypotheses about the emergence and mutation of human blood groups. Global distribution pattern of blood groups depends on various environmental factors, such as disease, climate, altitude, humidity etc. In this survey, the collection of main blood groups ABO and Rh, along with some minor groups, are presented. Several investigations of blood groups from Iran, particularly a large sampling on 291857 individuals from Iran, including the main blood groups ABO and Rh, as well as minor blood groups such as Duffy, Lutheran, Kell, KP, Kidd, and Xg, have been reviewed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4769 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4769/4407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 7 15 Xujun Zhang Southeast University Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China ; Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA. Hongyan Yao Guoqing Hu Mengjing Cui Yue Gu Huiyun Xiang 2015 10 15 This study is to report characteristics of people killed in road traffic crashes and to describe major patterns of traffic crashes in China.Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Road traffic death national data, population denominator data and motor vehicles data of 2009 were obtained from the Bureau of Traffic Management at Ministry of Public Security and National Bureau of Statistics. The association between the fatalities from road traffic crashes and selected demographic factors, the time distribution, crash patterns, crash causes, and road user category were assessed in χ(2) analyses.ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES IN CHINA DISPROPORTIONABLY AFFECTED THE FOLLOWING POPULATIONS: males, persons 21-65 yr of age and adults aged more than 65 yr, persons living in rural areas, pedestrians, passengers, motorcyclists and bicyclists. Approximately 50% of fatalities of road traffic crash occurred in Eastern regions. The number of road traffic deaths was higher in daytime than in nighttime. Road traffic deaths in frontal crashes, side-to-side crash and crashes with an object or a person were more common than in rear-end crashes. In about 92% of road traffic deaths, auto drivers were believed to be responsible for the fatal crash. Major crash causing factors were speeding, careless driving, driving without a license, driving in the wrong lane, and driving after drinking alcohol.Road traffic deaths accounted for about 70,000 premature deaths in China which should be taken into account. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4762 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4762/4400

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 16 24 Ahsana Shah Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ruqaiya Hussain Mohd Fareed Mohammad Afzal 2015 10 15 Color blindness is a common X-linked genetic disorder. However, most of color blinds remain undetected due to absence of proper screening. Our study was to determine the prevalence of red-green color vision defects among Manipuri Muslim males and females. The study could help in decreasing birth of children with this disorder as Muslims commonly perform consanguineous marriage among themselves.Unrelated individuals of both sexes (Male-1352, Female-1302) belonging to six different populations were randomly selected and screened for red-green color vision defects using the Ishihara (pseudo-isochromatic plates) test from the area of Imphal East and Imphal west districts of Manipur, which is a small hilly state, situated in the north eastern extreme corner of India sharing an international boundary with Myanmar (Burma).About 8.73% of males and 1.69% of females were found to be color blind. Among six different populations studied the males of Meitei population shows the highest frequency i.e. 14.93% while Naga population shows the least frequency of 3.75%. Among females, Meitei population again shows the highest frequency of 2.5% and least frequency is shown by Mughal and Naga populations 0.00% as not a single female color blind was found.Present study shows higher prevalence rate of color blindness as compared to other reported rates of India. Deuteranomaly cases occur in higher percentage than other types of color blindness. The higher prevalence rate observed in Muslims may be due to the hidden effect of consanguineous marriages. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4765 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4765/4403

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 25 32 Wi-Young So Dept. of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea. 2015 10 15 The purpose of this study was to examine whether the frequency of breakfast consumption was related to academic performance in healthy Korean adolescents.We analyzed data from the seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2011, in which 75,643 adolescents from school grades 7-12 participated. We assessed the association between the frequency of breakfast consumption (per week) and academic performance using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates such as age, body mass index, frequency of smoking, frequency of drinking, parents' education level, family economic status, frequency of vigorous physical activity (PA), frequency of moderate PA, frequency of muscular strength exercises, and level of mental stress.For male adolescents, the odds ratios (ORs) for achieving average or higher academic performance according to the breakfast frequency per week were once per week, 1.004 (P=0.945); twice per week, 0.915 (P=0.153); 3 days per week, 0.928 (P=0.237); 4 days per week, 1.087 (P=0.176); 5 days per week, 1.258 (P<0.001); 6 days per week, 1.473 (P<0.001); and every day, 1.700 (P<0.001), compared to no breakfast per week. For female adolescents, the ORs for achieving average or higher academic performance according to the breakfast frequency were once per week, 1.068 (P=0.320); twice per week, 1.140 (P=0.031); 3 days per week, 1.179 (P=0.004); 4 days per week, 1.339 (P<0.001); 5 days per week, 1.449 (P<0.001); 6 days per week, 1.768 (P<0.001); and every day, 1.922 (P<0.001), compared to no breakfast per week.The frequency of breakfast consumption is positively correlated with academic performance in both male and female healthy adolescents in Korea. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4775/4413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 33 38 Hossein Masoumi Asl Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran ; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Mehdi Gouya Mahmood Nabavi Nooshin Aghili 2015 10 15 Typhoid fever is one of the most important infectious diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water. This study aimed at epidemiological features of disease during the last five decades, over the period from 1962-2011.A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using typhoid fever national surveillance data.The highest incidence of typhoid fever was registered in 1965 with 133.4 /100,000 cases/year and the lowest in 2011 with 0.52/100,000 cases/year. Typhoid fever incidence in Iran had three phases. Before the year 1969, with high incidence >100 (phase 1), the period between 1969-1996 with medium (10-100), (Phase 2) and the phase 3 has inaugurated from 1996 until now with low incidence rate less than 10 /100,000. Kermanshah Province was the most infected area. Most cases were occurred in warm months in 2010. Of 196 (31%) cases were under 15 years old whom were more affected. 53.6% of total cases in 2010 were female and 56.6% stayed in rural area. In 2010, 27.8% cases were confirmed. Among positive cases, the sources of culture were 46.8% stool, 37.2% blood, 14.6% urine and 1.2% bone marrow. Following treatment, 97.8% of cases were recovered completely and in 1.6% of cases had experienced complications and only 0.6% of confirmed cases have been died.As a result of development in socio-economic condition in Iran, the typhoid fever incidence has been dramatically declined from high (133.4/100,000 cases/year) in 1965 to low (0.52/100,000 cases/year) in 2011. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4781 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4781/4417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 39 47 Hossein Akbari Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Reza Majdzadeh Abbas Rahimi Foroushani Ahmad Raeisi 2015 10 15 We aimed to evaluate the timeliness of reporting of malaria surveillance system and understanding the existing problems.The timeliness of malaria surveillance system of Iran was evaluated in four provinces of Iran including Sistan & Baluchistan, Hormozgan, Kerman (as provinces with local malaria transmission) and Khuzestan (without local malaria transmission). In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study two levels of Primary Health Care service providers including first level (Health Houses) and second level (Urban or Rural Health care units) were evaluated with regard to reporting of malaria surveillance system.Forms number 1 (87% reported within one day) and number 2 (reporting median: 2 days) are reported from first level to second level, and forms number 4 (median: 4 days), number 3 (median: 6 days), number 7 (median: 9 days), number 5 (median: 11 days) and number 6 (median: 19 days) are reported from second level to the third level respectively in a shorter time. Independent variables such as distance, local malaria transmission level, and case finding type, are the factors affecting the reporting delay.Reporting in the first level compared to the second level is done with lower delay. In the areas where there is a deadline set for reporting, reporting is done more timely. Whatever number of malaria cases is decreased, sensitivity and subsequently timeliness reduced. It is recommended that the studies of timeliness be done with sensitivity and usefulness analysis of surveillance system. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4761 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4761/4399

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 48 55 Abolfazl Mohammadi Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behrooz Birashk Banafsheh Gharaie 2015 10 15 The cognitive behavioral interventions based on the transdiagnostic approach for emotional disorders have received useful empirical supports in recent years. Most of the researches on this area have been conducted without any control group. Moreover, little information about comparative effectiveness has reported. The current study was compared transdiagnostic group therapy with classical cognitive group therapy.Thirty three collages students with anxiety and depressive symptoms participated in eight two-hour sessions in Akhavan Hospital, Tehran, Iran during May and June 2011. The results were analyzed by The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale in pre and post intervention.Both groups showed the significant difference in research variables pre and post test. However, there was no significant difference in the results analysis using ACOVAs except for anxiety symptoms.The effectiveness of transdiagnostic group therapy was confirmed in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Implications of the study are discussed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4770 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4770/4408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 1 2013 01 15 56 62 Seyed Abas Hassani Dept. of Management and Resource Development, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Mobaraki Maboubeh Bayat Shiva Mafimoradi 2015 10 15 In this paper the real role and place of human resource (HR) in health system reform will be discussed and determined within the whole system through the comprehensive Human Resource Management (HRM) model.Delphi survey and a questionnaire were used to 1) collect HR manager ideas and comments and 2) identify the main challenges of HRM. Then the results were discussed in an expert panel after being analyzed by content analysis method. Also, a deep focus study of recorded documents related to Health Human Resource Management was done. Then based on all achieved results, a rich picture was drawn to illustrate the right place of HRM in health sector. Finally, the authors revitalize the missed function of HRM within the hee> Najari 1. Centre for Collective Reflection & Implementation of Ideas, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran. Masoud Yousefvand 2. Deputy of Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 This study represents scientific production of Iran in medical sciences field at recent years, and the correlation between scientific productions with the number of indexed journals.Data extracted from SCOPUS database between years 2000 and 2011, and Iran's performance measured in terms of different Scientometrics indexes including self-citations, percent of cited articles, number of articles with international collaboration and contribution of Iran in medical sciences in Middle East and world. Moreover correlation between the number of articles, citations, self-citations, and H-index and number of indexed journals for 50 countries in all fields is included.In 2011 year, Iran contributed 32.77 percent of the Middle East, and accounted for 1.57 percent of the world scientific production. The most frequent document type was original journal article published in English. Retrieved records revealed preferred subject areas, including medicine miscellaneous (14.53 percent of Iran publications in 2011 year). In 2011, according to the number of articles and citations to them, Iran was at 17th and 23th position between 226 countries, respectively. After adjustment for 19708 journals from 50 countries, Iran's rank based on the number of journals in medical sciences was 24th.The number of indexed journals with number of articles, citations, self-citations, and H-index of each country showed significant correlation (P-value<0.01). In recent years, by favoring quality over quantity of researches, the new rules have proven to be more effective for discriminating Iranian scientific productions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4391 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4391/4040

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1139 1144 Mohammad Ahmadpanah 1. Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran. Mehdi Mirzaei Alavijeh 2. Dept. of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd, Iran. Hamid Allahverdipour 3. Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Farzad Jalilian 4. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran. Mohammad Haghighi 1. Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran. Ali Afsar 1. Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran. Hassan Gharibnavaz 5. Dept. of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 One of the most important factors affecting relapse of addiction is craving beliefs of substance use. The goal of the present study was assessment of the effectiveness of coping skills education program to reduce craving beliefs among opium addicts.In a randomized controlled trial, during September 2011 to August 2012, 70 opium addicted men referred to the Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center in Hamadan, western Iran were assigned to intervention group (receiving coping skills education program) and control groups. The study information was analyzed using SPSS software.Regarding craving beliefs for continuing drug use, the two groups had similar scales at the beginning of interventional program, while the level of these beliefs was significantly reduced in the intervention group (P= 0.002), but not in the control group (P= 0.105). Also, a significant correlation was also revealed between taking advantage of the educational program and increase awareness of the signs of relapse in the intervention group (P=0.003) that was not revealed in the control (P= 0.174). On the other hand, executing coping skills education program led to reducecraving beliefs and improve knowledge towards signs of relapse.Our findings demonstrate positive impact of coping skills education program after detoxification process on decrease of craving beliefs among opium addicts. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4389/4038

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1145 1150 Zeinab Khodaverdi 1. Dept. of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University , Tehran, Iran. Abbas Bahram 1. Dept. of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University , Tehran, Iran. Hassan Khalaji 2. Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University , Arak, Iran. Anoshirvan Kazemnejad 3. Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbait Modarres University , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The main purpose of this study was to determine which correlate, perceived motor competence or motor skill competence, best predicts girls' physical activity behavior.A sample of 352 girls (mean age=8.7, SD=0.3 yr) participated in this study. To assess motor skill competence and perceived motor competence, each child completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and Physical Ability sub-scale of Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire. Children's physical activity was assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Multiple linear regression model was used to determine whether perceived motor competence or motor skill competence best predicts moderate-to-vigorous self-report physical activity.Multiple regression analysis indicated that motor skill competence and perceived motor competence predicted 21% variance in physical activity (R(2)=0.21, F=48.9, P=0.001), and motor skill competence (R(2)=0.15, ᵝ=0.33, P= 0.001) resulted in more variance than perceived motor competence (R(2)=0.06, ᵝ=0.25, P=0.001) in physical activity.Results revealed motor skill competence had more influence in comparison with perceived motor competence on physical activity level. We suggest interventional programs based on motor skill competence and perceived motor competence should be administered or implemented to promote physical activity in young girls. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4387/4036

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1151 1157 Reza Ranjbar 1. Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Mirsaeed Ghazi 2. Dept. of Biochemistry, Payam Noor University , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Shigella sonnei is considered as a major cause of diarrheal disease in both developing and developed countries. Iran is one of the endemic areas of shigellosis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic relatedness of S. sonnei strains isolated from pediatric patients in Tehran, Iran.The study included all S. sonnei strains isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea admitted to several hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during 2008-2010. Shigella spp. strains were recovered from patients using standard microbiological methods. S. sonnei strains were further studied by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) - PCR analysis.Eighty nine Shigella isolates were isolated. S. sonnei was themost prevalent Shigella species (60.7%) followed by, S. flexneri (31.5%). Eleven antimicrobial resistance patterns (R1-R11) were identified among S. sonnei isolates. The majority of the strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and streptomycin. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftizoxime and chloramphenicol. All strains were typable by ERIC-PCR. Five ERIC-PCR patterns (E1-E5) were found among S. sonnei isolates; however the half of the isolates was clustered in E4 pattern.The antibiotic resistance rates are increasing among S. sonnei strains. Moreover, a predominant clone or limited clones of S. sonnei were responsible for shigellosis caused by this Shigella species in pediatric patients in Tehran, Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4385/4034

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1158 1166 Fatemeh Sadat Hoseini 1. Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Eslami 2. Dept. of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran. Mohammed Abbasi 3. Family Planning Office, Gilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran. Fatemeh Noroozi Fashkhami 3. Family Planning Office, Gilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran. Soheila Besharati 3. Family Planning Office, Gilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran. 2015 10 15 We aimed to compare acceptability of Levonorgestrel with the Yuzpe regimen among Iranian women based on their side-effects and resulting changes in the amount and pattern of menses.Five hundred twenty nine participants aged 15-49 having regular menses and one act of unprotected intercourse within 72 h were included in the double-blind, controlled trial in 2006-2007 and randomly assigned into LNG (n=263) and HD (n=266) groups, receiving Levonorgestrel 0.75 mg given 12 h apart and ethinyl estradiol 100 μg plus 0.5 mg Levonorgestrel 0.5 mg repeated after 12 h, respectively.The participants receiving Levonorgestrel experienced significantly lower side-effects in the case of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness (P<0.05). The changes occurred in the amount and pattern of menses were the same for both groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed between the efficiencies of the treatments.Significantly lower side-effects of Levonorgestrel can be considered as greater acceptability and translated to higher efficiency. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4383 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4383/4032

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1167 1173 Masoud Mehrpour 1. Dept. of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Narges Sadat Shams-Hosseini 2. Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Center Research of Occupational Disease; Firoozgar Clinical Research Developmental Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Saeed Rezaali 3. Sina MS Research Center, Sina Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Sahraiian 4. Dept. of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Sara Taki 5. Firoozgar Clinical Research Developmental Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune diseases with an unknown cause. The aim of this study was to explore the link between air quality and MS relapses in patients who suffer from MS.This time-series study was conducted on patients registered at the Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society in 2011-2012. They were randomly selected from patients lived in Tehran in the last five years, and had at least one relapse in the last three years. The link between monthly mean air pollutant levels and the relapses of MS in the participants was studied.Among the registered 160 participants, at least 150 had one attack during 2009 and 2012. Most air pollutants such as NO2, NO and CO are in high levels in the rainy season. Others like Pm10 and Nox are in high levels in the dry season. The correlation between NO2 levels of all markers of air quality and MS relapses (P=0.03, r=0.27) is weak. Best ARIMA model (p,d,q; 1,0,1) was determined between number of monthly relapses and living place, although this model was not significant (P=0.3) (AR; P=0.000, MA;P=0.4).Air pollutants might be regarded as a risk factor for MS relapse. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4381 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4381/4030

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1174 1180 Masoume Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi 1. Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Dept. of Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ashori 2. Dept. of Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran. Seyede Somaye Jalilabkenar 3. Dept. of Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Deafness is a common neural-sensory impairment which leads to lower life quality, withdrawal, social activities reduction, and rejection feeling. So, it is important to plan suitable training programs for mental health promotion of deaf children. Emotional intelligence training is one of these programs. The present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on the mental health of deaf students.In this semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was completed in 40 randomly selected boy deaf students with mean age of (12.48) years old before and after the intervention. The aim of the questionnaire was obtaining information of somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression as well as general health. The students were assigned in experimental and control group randomly and in equal. Experimental group participated in 12 sessions (each session lasts for 50 minutes; twice a week) and were trained by emotional intelligence program, but control group did not. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for analyzing the data.There was a significant difference (P<0.001) between experimental and control group according to somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression and general health as a whole after participation in intervention sessions.There was a significant decrease in somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression and increase in general health of experimental group. Our findings showed that emotional intelligence training program led to promote of general health of boy deaf students. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4379 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4379/4028

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1181 1186 Seyed Hasan Saadat 1. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Khodabakhsh Ahmadi 1. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Fakhruddin Feyzi 1. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Ghanei 2. Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The overwhelming rate of progress in biotechnological research especially in human genetics, as well as the high levels of power these researches provide us to intervene in human lives, brings serious concerns on the ethical problems that may rise from these research endeavors. To address this critical issue in Iran, we conducted a study issuing publishing authors of studies in human genetics from Iran, between years 2005 to 2011.We contacted 116 corresponding authors of articles issuing genetics research on human subjects, asking them that whether they have gotten either informed consent from their study subjects or ethical approval from their institutional ethics committee.Only 13% of the authors presented both documents; 52% had not gotten any of the documents; 19% of authors felt no need for getting the mentioned documents; 13% declared that they onl