Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 449 557 Roberta Altomare Course on Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy. Francesco Cacciabaudo Giuseppe Damiano Vincenzo Davide Palumbo Maria Concetta Gioviale Maurizio Bellavia Giovanni Tomasello Attilio Ignazio Lo Monte 2015 10 15 The Mediterranean tradition offers a cousine rich in colors, aromas and memories, which support the taste and the spirit of those who live in harmony with nature. Everyone is talking about the Mediterranean diet, but few are those who do it properly, thus generating a lot of confusion in the reader. And so for some it coincides with the pizza, others identified it with the noodles with meat sauce, in a mixture of pseudo historical traditions and folklore that do not help to solve the question that is at the basis of any diet: combine and balance the food so as to satisfy the qualitative and quantitative needs of an individual and in a sense, preserves his health through the use of substances that help the body to perform normal vital functions. The purpose of our work is to demonstrate that the combination of taste and health is a goal that can be absolutely carried out by everybody, despite those who believe that only a generous caloric intake can guarantee the goodness of a dish and the satisfaction of the consumers. That should not be an absolute novelty, since the sound traditions of the Mediterranean cuisine we have used for some time in a wide variety of tasty gastronomic choices, from inviting colors and strong scents and absolutely in line with health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4556 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4556/4203

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 458 466 Seyyedeh Zahra Masoumi Dept. of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Jalal Poorolajal Afsaneh Keramat Seyyed Abbas Moosavi 2015 10 15 Several studies have been conducted in Iran in order to investigate the prevalence of depression among infertile couples. However, there is a remarkable diversity among the results. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate an overall prevalence rate of depression among infertile couples in Iran.International and national electronic databases were searched up to June 2011 including MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, SID, MagIran, and IranMedex as well as conference databases. Furthermore, reference lists of articles were screened and the studies' authors were contacted for additional references. Cross-sectional studies addressing the prevalence of depression among infertile couples were included in this meta-analysis. We assessed 12 separate studies involving overall 2818 participants of which 1251 had depression.Overall prevalence rate of depression among infertile couples was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.55). The prevalence rate of depression was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.56) during 2000 to 2005 and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.57 during 2006 to 2011. The prevalence rate of depression was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.53) among women and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.54) among men.Not only the prevalence of depression in infertile couples was high but also had increasing growth in recent years. Furthermore, despite many studies conducted addressing the prevalence of depression in infertile couples, there is however a remarkable diversity between the results. Thus, one can hardly give a precise estimation of the prevalence rate of depression among infertile couples in Iran now. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4554 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4554/4201

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 467 471 Hafzan Yusoff Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Wan Nudri Wan Daud Zulkifli Ahmad 2015 10 15 This study was carried out to compare the effect between nutrition education intervention and non-nutrition education intervention on awareness regarding iron deficiency among schooling adolescents in Tanah Merah, one of rural district in Kelantan, Malaysia.This study which was started in year 2010 involved 280 respondents (223 girls, 57 boys, age: 16 yr) from schools in Tanah Merah. The selection criteria were based on hemoglobin level (Hb = 7 - 11.9 g/dL for girls; Hb = 7 - 12.9 g/dL for boys). They were divided into 2 groups. The first group received nutrition education package (Nutrition education, NE), whereas another group was entitled to receive non-nutrition education intervention (Non-Nutrition Education, NNE) (supplement only). Both interventions were implemented for 3 months. The changes in awareness among respondents of both groups were evaluated using multi-choices questionnaire.Nutrition education receiver group (NE) demonstrated improvement in awareness at post-intervention. No substantial improvement was demonstrated by the counterpart group (NNE).Multimedia nutrition education program conducted at school setting was in fact practical and effective in improving awareness on iron deficiency among anemic adolescents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4552 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4552/4199

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 472 479 Weilan Wang Dept. of Pharmaceutical Care, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Man Zhu Daihong Guo Chao Chen Dongxiao Wang Fei Pei Liang Ma 2015 10 15 To evaluate off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in a major Chinese hospital.Totally 1122 patients were selected from July to December 2011. Then, the off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs were analyzed.In 798 of 1122 patients (71.12%), drugs were used for off-label. In 317 of 1122 patients (28.25%), the drugs were prescribed for off-label and off-NCCN guidelines. 2591 medical orders for 1122 patients, 1051/2591 (40.56%) medical orders were off-label; 445/2591(17.17%) medical orders were off-label and off-NCCN guidelines. In 445 off-label and off-NCCN medical orders, 399 (89.66%) were unapproved indications, 38 (8.54%) were unapproved drug concentration and 12 (2.70%) were unapproved route of administration. Percentage of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses in male was higher than that in female (21.92% vs. 11.39%, P<0.01). Compared with other lines of treatment, percentage of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses in postoperative adjuvant was the smallest (P<0.01) and percentage in three or multi-line treatments was the highest (P<0.01). The pancreatic cancer possessed the highest percentage (38.74%) of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses among all types of cancer (P<0.01).Off-label uses of antineoplastic drugs are generally common in China hospitals based on NCCN guidelines. The fact suggests that anti-tumor treatment was relatively standard in China. Off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses were mainly for individual treatment. Doctors should fully consider the adverse drug reaction, contraindication, cautions and increase the drug security monitoring. Uncorrected drug concentration should be avoided for drug risk. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4550 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4550/4197

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 480 488 Junqing Wu Dept. of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research/WHO Collaborating Center on Human Reproductive Health, Shanghai, China ; Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jingchao Ren Yuyan Li Yinjie Wu Ersheng Gao 2015 10 15 The aim of the study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the association of birth weight with later body mass index (BMI) from the biochemical markers related to metabolism and the Apa I polymorphism in IGF-II gene.A total of 300 children were selected randomly from the Macrosomia Birth Cohort in Wuxi, China. The height and weight were measured and blood samples were collected. Plasma concentrations of 8 biochemical markers were detected. Apa I polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Biochemical markers were detected for 296 subjects and 271 subjects were genotyped for the Apa I polymorphism. No association was found between birth weight and 8 biochemical markers. In boys, the BMIs of AA, AG and GG genotypes were 16.10 ± 2.24 kg/m(2), 17.40 ± 3.20 kg/m(2), 17.65 ± 2.66 kg/m(2). And there was statistical difference among the three genotypes. But in girls, there was no statistical difference. The birth weights of AA, AG and GG genotypes were 3751.13 ± 492.43 g, 3734.00 ± 456.88 g, 3782.00 ± 461.78 g. And there was no statistical difference among the three genotypes.Biochemical markers are not associated with birth weight. Apa I polymorphism may be related to childhood BMI, but it may be not associated with birth weight. Therefore, biochemical markers and Apa I polymorphism might not play a role in the association of birth weight and BMI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4548 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4548/4195

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 489 496 Daniel Goon Centre for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa. Lateef Amusa Dorothy Mhlongo Lunic Khoza Felix Anyanwu 2015 10 15 Whilst there seem to be available data on blood pressure profiles of South African children, especially in urban areas, few data exist on rural children. The aims of this study were to determine the blood pressure profiles of rural South African children residing in Thohoyandou; and to examine the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure among the children.The study involved 296 (134 boys and 135 girls) children aged 7-13 years. Body weight and height were measured using standard procedures. Overweight was defined by body mass index (BMI) for gender and age. Blood pressure was monitored in each child thrice using validated electronic devices (Omron 7051T). Hypertension was determined as the average of three separate blood pressure readings where the systolic or diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex.Overweight among the girls (4.7%) was higher compared with the boys (3.9%). Both systolic and diastolic pressures (SBP and DBP) increase with age in both sexes. The proportion of children with > 90th percentile occur at only ages 12 and 13 years. The incidence of hypertension (SBP > 90th percentile) was 0.4% and 0.2% in boys and girls, respectively. The SBP and DBP pressures significantly (P<0.05) correlate with age; body mass, height and BMI.Elevated blood pressure is prevalent among rural South African children residing in this region. Also, blood pressure increased with age in both boys and girls, and this positively correlated with age, body weight, height and BMI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4546 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4546/4193

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 5 2013 05 15 497 503 Nduka Rose Obiezue Parasitology and Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Ikem C Okoye Njoku Ivoke Joy N Okorie 2015 10 15 The incidence and hematological effects of helminth infection during pregnancy were investigated among pregnant women in Isiala, Mbano, Southeast Nigeria.Totally 282 pregnant women were enlisted for the study between October 2011 and September 2012. Stool samples were examined for intestinal helminths using formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) levels were evaluated in venous blood samples using Sahli's and microhaematocrit methods respectively.Forty six (16.3%) subjects were infected with at least one helminth parasite; 24 (8.5%) hookworm, 14(5.0%) and 2(0.7%) A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections respectively. Intestinal helminthiases in pregnant women was significantly associated with age (P<0.05). The prevalence of intestinal helminthiases by parity was also significantly different (P<0.05) with primigravidae having the highest infection rate (27.5%). Hematological assessment showed that the prevalence of anemia among the women was 58.9% (mean±SD = 9.3±1.0). The differences in hemoglobin levels by age groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The contributory effect of gastrointestinal helminths in anemia showed that infected pregnant women had lower mean hemoglobin (8.60±0.22g/dl) than the uninfected (9.72±0.07g/dl). Significant difference (t-value = 5.660, P<0.05) was observed between the Hb of the infected and uninfected pregnant women. In addition, infected pregnant women had mean PCV of 26.09±0.65% while the uninfected had 34.54±2.96%. The mean PCV of infected pregnant women was significantly different (t-value= 0.013, P<0.05) from that of the uninfected.Anti-helminthic therapy after the first trimester should be part of the antenatal programme. Intestinal helminth infection showed significant negative correlation with Hb and PCV and contributed moderately to anemia. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4544 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4544/4191

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3083 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3083/2882

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 78 86 R Hafezi SJ Mirmohammadi AH Mehrparvar H Akbari H Akbari 2015 10 03 Background: Anthropometric data can be used to identify the physical dimensions of equipment, furniture, etc. The use of furni­ture that fails to fulfill the anthropometric data of its users has a negative impact on human health. Specific anthropomet­ric dimensions are necessary to design school furniture. Anthropometric data have been measured in many communi­ties especially among schoolchildren. There are different ethnic groups with probably different anthropometric data in Iran, and anthropometric data can change by time, so gathering data about anthropometric dimensions is important. This study was designed to obtain anthropometric dimensions of Iranian children (Fars ethnicity) aged 7-11 years. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in Yazd, Iran, descriptive statistics as well as key percentiles for 17 static anthropomet­ric data of primary school students (1015 males and 1015 females), were measured and compared between boys and girls. Results: The age of the students was between 6 and 11 years. Mean weight was between 21.56±5.33 kg and 36.63±9.45 kg in boys and between 20.79±3.48 kg and 35.88±9.40 kg in girls. Mean height was between 1187/02±53.98 mm and 1420.83± 69.39 mm in boys and between 1173.90±51.01mm and 1421.27±70.82 mm in girls. There was also some differ­ence in other anthropometric data between two genders. Conclusion: Results of this study showed some differences in anthropometric data with other studies. We also observed signifi­cant gender differences in some dimensions as well.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3084 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3084/2883

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 87 101 MR Kordi AA Fallahi M Sangari 2015 10 03 Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the age- related loss of health-related physical fitness and norma­tive data in healthy population women aged 20-60 years old of Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 healthy women aged 20-60 years old were randomly selected from northern, south­ern, eastern, western and center regions of Tehran. Cardiovascular fitness was determined by Ros and Jakson protocol. Body composition were measured using Jackson and Poolak procedure, flexibility was determined by sit and reach test, muscu­lar strength with a standard dynamometer and muscular endurance were measured with Sit-ups test in one minutes. Results: Cardiovascular fitness (vo2max), body composition, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance remained un­changed in the 20 and 30 year old age groups. Around of 40 years old, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endur­ance began to gradually decline but body composition increased and flexibility unchanged. Data for Vo2max and the other vari­ables in 4-yr groups provide "normative" results.  Result indicated age- related declined in Vo2max (0.43 ml/ kg/min× yr (-1)), muscular strength (0.004 kg/weight ×yr (-1)) and endurance (0.63 repetition ×yr (-1)), and increased in body fat (0.43 % ×yr (-1)) in 30-60 year. One-way ANOVA test showed that all variables significantly differed (P<0.001) among dec­ades except sit and rich test (P< 0.059) between the second and third decades. Vo2max had a significant relationship (P< 0.01) with Age, BMI, body fat percent and muscular strength and endurance. Conclusion: Iranian women have a greater decline in cardiovascular fitness; muscular strength and endurance. The results of this study can be used as reference material for clinical studies in different age groups. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3085 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3085/2884

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 102 113 H Dargahi SH Khosravi 2015 10 03 Background: Health system pharmacies, like other health care professional, practice under a number of mandated stan­dards. Basic concepts of quality assurance (QA) standards should be applied to hospital pharmacy practice. The survey re­ported here is to assess QA system implementation and its standard indicators observation in Tehran University of Medical Sci­ences (TUMS) hospitals' pharmacies in 2007 - 2008. Methods: A cross - sectional, descriptive analytical survey was accomplished. First, a checklist within the framework of QA standard indicators was made to assess TUMS hospitals pharmacies practice. Collected data was saved by Excel soft­ware for recording and analyzed by SPSS version-15. Observation rate of QA standard indicators was classified by inappropri­ate, relatively appropriate, and appropriate. Results: Characteristics of TUMS hospitals pharmacists organizational structure, size, equipment, safety facility and drug require­ment were studied by QA standard indicators. Conclusion: Many of QA standard indicators are observed and implemented in TUMS hospitals pharmacies, but several of these standards are not observed too. It is appropriate that all TUMS hospitals pharmacies are required to advance the profes­sion, often with the same goal of increasing involvement in direct patient care. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3086 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3086/2885

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 114 119 M Solhi D Shojaei Zadeh B Seraj S Faghih Zadeh 2015 10 03 Background: The goal of this study was to determine the application of health belief model in oral health education for 12-year-old children and its effect on oral health behaviors and indexes. Methods: A quasi- experimental study was carried out on twelve-year-old girl students (n-291) in the first grade of secon­dary school, in the central district of Tehran, Iran. Research sample was selected by a multistage cluster sampling. The data was obtained by using a valid reliable questionnaire for measuring the perceptions, a checklist for observing the quality of brush­ing and dental flossing and health files and clinical observation. First, a descriptive study was applied to individual percep­tions, oral behaviors, Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth Index (DMFTI). Then an educa­tional planning based on the results and Health Belief Model (HBM) was applied. The procedure was repeated after six months. Results: After education, based on HBM, all the oral health perceptions increased (P<.05). Correct brushing and flossing are influenced by increased perceptions. A low correlation between the reduction of DMFTI and increased perceived sever­ity and increased perceived barriers are found (r= -0.28, r = 0.43 respectively). In addition, there was a limited correlation be­tween OHI and increased perceived benefits (r = -0.26). Conclusion: Using health belief model in oral health education for increasing the likelihood of taking preventive oral health be­haviors is applicable.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3087 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3087/2886

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 120 125 AR Shamsoddini MT Hollisaz R Hafezi 2015 10 03 Background: . The aim of this study was to investigate of relationship of musculoskeletal symptoms with weight of backpack in Tehran secondary school students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the city of Tehran in 2009. Two hundred thirteen students partici­pated in study. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used, asking about complaints of back, neck, and/or shoulders. Length and weight of the children were determined. Schoolbags were weighed, and the relative weight of the schoolbag was calculated. Results: Most prevalent  discomfort was in shoulders as 38.1%, neck 27.6% and back 16.7%. Average difference of weight of backpack in sample that had musculoskeletal with other samples was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: .   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3088 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3088/2887

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 126 134 M Hosseini N Ataei A Aghamohammadi M Yousefifard Sh Taslimi F Ataei 2015 10 03 Background: The obesity and hypertension are the major risk factors of several life threatening diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) the validated index of adiposity and different aspect of blood pressure (BP). Methods: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and also weight and height of 7 to 18 years old children and adolescent col­lected in 2002 and 2004 respectively. Data was consisted of 14865 schoolchildren and adolescents from representative sam­ple of country. BMI was classified according to CDC 2000 standards into normal (BMI<85th percentile), at risk of over­weight (BMI≥85th and <95th percentile) and overweight (BMI≥ 95th percentile). Then, age-sex specific prevalence of be­ing overweight was derived. ANOVA was used to investigate the effect of BMI on systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure of participants. Results: Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) signifi­cantly increased with BMI (P< 0.0001) and age groups (P< 0.0001), and was significantly (P< 0.0001) higher in boys than girls especially in older ages. (P< 0.0001, interaction of age and BMI level). The proportion of being overweight was signifi­cantly higher in boys than girls was (7.4% vs. 3.6%; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: There is an association between BP and BMI in children and adolescence. SBP, DBP and MAP are associated with rise in BMI and age, which was lower in girls. This data can provide basics for public health policy makers and pri­mary prevention policies in the country. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3089 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3089/2888

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 4 2010 12 15 135 139 N Navabi N Nakhaee A Mirzadeh 2015 10 03 Background: The oral health-related quality of life indicators are increasingly used to measure the impact of the oral condi­tions on quality of life. One of the most used indicators is the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), but it has never been ap­plied in Iran. The aim of this study was to validate the usage of OHIP-14 among Iranians. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Kerman (Iran). A consecutive sample (n= 400) of the Kerman Dental School Clinics attending patients participated in this study. All participants self-completed the translated OHIP-14. Reliabil­ity analyses, validity tests, and responsiveness were