Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1077 1084 Ana Muntean 1. Social Work Department, West University of Timisoara , Timisoara, Romania. Mihaela Tomita 1. Social Work Department, West University of Timisoara , Timisoara, Romania. Roxana Ungureanu 2. Research Centre for Child-Parent Interaction, West University of Timisoara , Timisoara, Romania. 2015 10 15 Population health, as defined by WHO in its constitution, is out "a physical, mental and social complete wellbeing". At the basis of human welfare is the human dignity. This dimension requires an integrated vision of health care. The ecosystemical vision of Bronfenbrenner allows highlighting the unexpected connections between social macro system based on values and the micro system consisting of individual and family. Community nurse is aimed to transgression in practice of education and care, the respect for human dignity, the bonds among values and practices of the community and the physical health of individuals. In Romania, the promotion of community nurse began in 2002, through the project promoting the social inclusion by developing human and institutional resources within community nursery of the National School of Public Health, Management and Education in Healthcare Bucharest. The community nurse became apparent in 10 counties included in the project. Considering the respect for human dignity as an axiomatic value for the community nurse interventions, we stress the need for developing a primary care network in Romania. The proof is based on the analysis of the concept of human dignity within health care, as well as the secondary analysis of health indicators, in the year of 2010, of the 10 counties included in the project. Our conclusions will draw attention to the need of community nurse and, will open directions for new researches and developments needed to promote primary health in Romania. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4405 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4405/4054

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1085 1091 Wen Peng 1. Dept. of Emergency, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , China. Qing-Yi Zhu 2. Dept. of Cardiovascular, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , China. Xiang-Hong Zhou 1. Dept. of Emergency, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , China. Xiang-Ping Chai 1. Dept. of Emergency, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , China. 2015 10 15 A simple emergency risk prediction tool should be developed for clinicians to quickly identify the prognosis of patients with acute aortic dissection.We enrolled 280 patients with acute aortic dissection admitted to emergency department between May 2010 and February 2013. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital death.The in-hospital mortality of our patients with acute aortic dissection was 32.5%, in-hospital deaths with surgery less than the survived (34.1% VS 54.5%). Multivariate analysis identified that age (≥65 years old), Type A, blood pressure (mean systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg), neutrophil percentage (≥ 80%) and serum D-dimer (≥ 5.0 mg/L) were significant predictors of death. With the simple emergency risk prediction tool, scores of all in-hospital deaths were ≥ 3, whereas almost all of the survivors (97.9%) had scores < 15. A score of 10 offered the best threshold value, with the highest sensitivity (81.3%) and specificity (86.8%).The in-hospital mortality rate of patients with acute aortic dissection is high and can be predicted. Early surgery would be beneficial for in-hospital survive. This tool should be available for clinicians in the emergency department to quickly identify the prognosis of patients with acute aortic dissection. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4403 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4403/4052

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1092 1098 Masood Jawaid 1. Dept. of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi, Pakistan. Shaukat Ali Jawaid 2. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences , Karachi, Pakistan. 2015 10 15 The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and views of faculty members on criteria for authorship by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), their current practice of choosing the authors, views on gift authorship and problems they had faced concerning authorship.It was a cross sectional survey from January 2011 to July 2011 among faculty members of various private and public sector medical institutions of Pakistan through a self-administered questionnaire. Main outcome measures included awareness and use of ICMJE criteria, which contribution to research merit authorship and their perceptions about gift authorship.Two hundred eighteen faculty members (180 males, 38 females) participated in the study. One hundred twenty eight (58.7%) were from surgery and allied disciplines. Ninety six percent had published between one to five papers while 60(27.5%) had six to ten papers to their credit. One hundred eleven (50.9%) claimed they were aware about the authorship criteria, only twenty two (19.8%) could name this document. Only four (1.8%) could correctly state this. Only one hundred twenty (55.0%) said that all three criteria's must be met to be eligible for authorship. Ninety three (42.7%) said that they were not included as authors though they deserved it while sixty three said they did not merit but were still included. Forty two (19.3%) said that they were not aware when they were listed as authors.A vast majority of young faculty members are not aware of the existence of authorship criteria and gift authorship is quite common. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4401 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4401/4050

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1099 1105 Mateusz Cybulski 1. Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak 1. Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. Paweł Sowa 2. Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. Magda Orzechowska 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. Katarzyna Van Damme-Ostapowicz 1. Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. Emilia Rozwadowska 1. Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. Andrzej Guzowski 1. Dept. of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok, Poland. 2015 10 15 Aging is becoming a more noticeable phenomenon in Poland and Europe. We analysed the perception of youth by elderly and compared attitudes of students of the University of the Third Age (SU3A) with nursing homes residents (NHR) to young people.Our questionnaire was distributed to 140 people over the age of 50 (70 SU3A and 70 NHR).85.0% of all respondents answered positively to the question "Do you enjoy contact with young people?", even though their contacts are usually limited and mostly confined to a few s a year. Vast majority of NHR (62.9%) and almost half SU3A (48.6%) believe that there is a need to integrate seniors and youth to achieve mutual benefits.Young people would benefit from the life experience of the elderly; the elderly could become more active in many areas of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4399 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4399/4048

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1106 1116 Ameneh Setareh Forouzan 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Dept. of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå International School of Public Health, Umeå University , Umea, Sweden. Mehdi Ghazinour 3. Dept. of Social Work, Umea University , Umea, Sweden. Masoumeh Dejman 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Hassan Rafeiey 4. Dept. of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Monir Baradaran Eftekhari 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Miguel San Sebastian 2. Dept. of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå International School of Public Health, Umeå University , Umea, Sweden. 2015 10 15 Mental disorders are known to be an important cause of disabilities worldwide. Despite their importance, about two thirds of mentally ill people do not seek treatment, probably because of the mental health system's inability to decrease the negative side effects of the interaction with the mental health services. The World Health Organization has suggested the concept of responsiveness as a way to better understand the active interaction between the health system and the population. This study aimed to explore the expectations of mental health service users and providers.Six focus group discussions were carried in Tehran, the capital of Iran. In total, seventy-four participants comprising twenty-one health providers and fifty-three users of mental health system were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The coding was synchronized between the researchers through two discussion sessions to ensure the credibility of the findings. The results were then discussed with two senior researchers to strengthen plausibility.Five common domains among all groups were identified: accessibility, quality of interpersonal relationships, adequate infrastructure, participation in decisions, and continuity of care. The importance of cultural appropriateness of care was only raised by service users as an expectation of an ideal mental health service.Both users and providers identified the most relevant expectations from the mental health care system in Iran. More flexible community mental health services which are responsive to users' experiences may contribute to improving the process of care for mental health patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4397 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4397/4046

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1117 1125 Mohamad Tavakol Dept. of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Naserirad Dept. of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 There is a good literature confirming the effects of social capital on different health domains. The increase in different types of cancer has caused scientists to encounter a number of issues regarding the reasons of affliction by this disease. The aim of this empirical research was to study the causal aspects of social capital of Iranian patients with cancer.The study was a causal-comparative study conducted in the spring and summer of 2010 in Tehran. The sample consists of 212 people selected based on affliction or no affliction to cancer. Social capital emphasizes two dimensions of structure and cognition. Social participation, social trust and sense of social solidarity are considered as different dimensions of social capital. The focus has been on personal social capital.The effect and association of social capital are not significant with any of stomach and colon cancers. The effect and association of social trust are not significant with any of stomach, colon and breast cancers.People with similar social capital in their life have different experiences of cancer-related stress and unhealthy behaviors. Thus a specific feature of a stressful social determinant is not a reliable criterion to determine the degree of stress and the extent of its effect on affliction to cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4395 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4395/4044

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1126 1133 Peymaneh Alizadeh Taheri Dept. of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Behdad Navabi Dept. of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Efat Khatibi Dept. of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Susceptibility pattern of organisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in neonate would potentially improve the clinical management by enabling clinicians to choose most reasonable first line empirical antibiotics. This study aimed to this end by studying isolated organisms from neonates with UTI in an inpatient setting.Current retrospective study has recruited all cases of neonatal UTI diagnosed through a suprapubic/catheterized sample, admitted to Neonatal Division of Bahrami Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from June 2004 to June 2012.Escherichia coli was the dominant (64.4%) bacteria among a total of 73 cases (69.9% boys and 30.1% girls; aged 14.14 ± 7.68 days; birth weight of 3055.85 ± 623.00 g) and Enterobacter (19.2%), Klebsiella (12.3%), and Staphylococcus epidermdisis (4.1%) were less frequent isolated bacteria. E. coli was mostly resistant to ampicillin (93.6%), cefixime (85.7%) and cephalexin (77.3%), and sensitive to cefotaxime (63.6%). Enterobacter found to be most resistant to amikacin (100%), ampicillin (92.85%), and most sensitive to ceftizoxime (71.4%).A high ratio (> 92.85%) of resistance toward ampicillin was observed among common neonatal UTI bacterial agents. Having this finding along with previous reports of emerging resistance of neonatal uropathogensto ampicillin could be a notion that a combination of a third generation cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside would be a more reasonable first choice than ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4393 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4393/4042

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 10 2013 10 15 1134 1138 Abbas https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4070 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4070/3729

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 760 8 Ayan Myssayev 1. Surgery and Orthopedic department, Semey State Medical University , Semey, Kazakhstan. Serik Meirmanov 2. Public Health Management, College of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University , Beppu, Japan. Tolebay Rakhypbekov 3. Semey State Medical University , Semey, Kazakhstan. Tolkyn Bulegenov 4. Department of surgery internship, Semey State Medical University , Semey, Kazakhstan. Yuliya Semenova 5. Pharmacology and evidence-based medicine, Semey State Medical University , Semey, Kazakhstan. 2015 10 15 Kazakhstan, a developing middle-income country, has the highest road traffic collision (RTC) mortality in the European Region. The aims of this study were to determine main characteristics of road traffic fatalities in Semey region, Kazakhstan and to compare findings with National data and middle-income European countries.This descriptive surveillance study assesses RTC mortality rates and epidemiology in the Semey Region of East Kazakhstan Oblast. Data of all 318 road traffic fatalities form the Semey Regional Center for Forensic Medicine were analyzed for the 5-year period of January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2010.Over the study period, the average road traffic mortality in the Semey Region was 12.1 per 100,000 population with downward trend by 35.1% (p=0.002). The victims mean age was 37.1 (SD=17) years. Males predominated at 74.5%. Vehicle fatality was the most common mode of fatality at 61.3%. The majority of collisions, 53.1%, occurred on highways. Most victims, 67.3%, have died at the scene of collision; in 67.3% of fatalities, autopsies identified multiple injuries as cause of death. The high number of fatal collisions took place in "no snow" season (P<0.001), with an overall 5-years downward dynamic.High proportion of males, pedestrians and car occupants among road traffic fatalities; high proportion of death on scene in case of highway collisions are specifics for Semey region, Kazakhstan. These findings can be used to formulate preventive strategies to reduce fatalities and to improve the medical care system for road traffic fatalities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4068 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4068/3727

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 769 77 Yudong Miao 1. School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China. Ting Ye 2. School of Medicine and Health Management of Tongji Medical College of Huazpong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China. Dongfu Qian 1. School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China. Jinlong Li 1. School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China. Liang Zhang 2. School of Medicine and Health Management of Tongji Medical College of Huazpong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China. 2015 10 15 Primary care physicians' visit services for diabetes management are now widely delivered in China's rural public health care. Current studies mainly focus on supply but risk factors from patients' view have not been previously explored. This study aims to present the utilization of rural primary care physicians' visit services for diabetes management in the last 12 months in southwestern China, and to explore risk factors from patients' view.This cross sectional study selected six towns at random and all 385 diabetics managed by primary care physicians were potential participants. Basing on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 374 diabetics were taken as valid subjects and their survey responses formed the data resource of analyses. Descriptive indicators, χ2 contingency table analyses and Logistic regression were used.54.8% respondents reported the utilization of visit services. According to the multivariate analysis, the positive factors mainly associated with utilization of visit services include disease duration (OR=1.654), use of diabetic drugs (OR=1.869), consulting diabetes care knowledge (OR=1.602), recognition of diabetic complications (OR=1.662), needs of visit services (OR=2.338).The utilization of rural primary care physicians' visit services still remains unsatisfactory. Mass rural health policy awareness, support, and emphasis are in urgent need and possible risk factors including disease duration, use of diabetic drugs, consulting diabetes care knowledge, recognition of diabetic complications and needs of visit services should be taken into account when making rural health policy of visit services for diabetes management in China and many other low- and middle-income countries. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4066 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4066/3725

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 778 86 Abbas Rahimi Foroushani 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Fereshteh Farzianpour 2. Dept. of Health Management and Economic, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Afshin Tavana 2. Dept. of Health Management and Economic, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Javad Rasouli 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Shayan Hosseini 3. Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering, Science & Research branch of Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The present study aimed to explore some risk factors affected the mean of the number of tuberculosis (TB) in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran between 2001 and 2010.Our time series study analyzed the data of 2,560 TB patients as registered with TB Patients Care System in West Azerbaijan Province from early 2001 to 2010. A checklist was prepared for collecting the data and they were then analyzed in SPSS V.16 software.The percentage of male and percentage of female were close to each other (52.2% against 47.8%, respectively). A significant increasing trend of TB rate was found over the years of 2001and 2010 with a pick at 2008 (P<0.001). A Poisson log-linear analysis showed that the most important risk factor of the trend of rate was the level of education so that people with primary level or with illiterate level had a statistically significant TB rate of 5.21 (4.66-5.81), adjusted for years. The next risk factor was type of TB and place of residency, i.e., pulmonary TB cases had higher rate than External pulmonary TB cases (RR=1.67; (1.54-1.80). The last factor with the lowest risk was BCG with RR=1.29 (1.20-1.40) for people who received BCG compared to the people who had not received it.Although the co morbidity of AIDS and TB was not a major problem, it is necessary that special attention be paid to the way of implementing the TB control program based on the demographic risk factors of the study population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4064 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4064/3723

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 787 92 Ali Akbari Sari 1. Dept. of Health Management& Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Knowledge Utilization Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Leila Doshmanghir 3. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 4. Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Zahra Neghahban 1. Dept. of Health Management& Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Maryam Ghiasipour 1. Dept. of Health Management& Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Zeinab Beheshtizavareh 1. Dept. of Health Management& Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 This study aimed to estimate the rate of pressure ulcers in intensive care units (ICUs) and medical and surgical wards of Iranian hospitals and compare the performance of methods of medical record review as well as direct observation for their detection.The research team visited 308 patients in medical and surgical wards of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences and a further 90 patients in their ICUs between March 2009 and April 2010. In addition 310 patient records were randomly selected from patients discharged from the ICUs between March 2009 and April 2010. And a further 600 patient records were randomly selected from the patients that were discharged from medical and surgical wards between March 2010 and April 2011. These 910 selected records were retrospectively reviewed to identify pressure ulcers. Data were collected by a structured checklist.In ICUs 24 of 90 patients (26.7%, 95% CI: 17.56 to 35.84) that were directly observed and 59 of 310 patients (19.0%, 95% CI: 14.63 to 23.37) that were studied by retrospective review of medical records had pressure ulcers. In medical and surgical wards, 5 of 308 patients (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.20 to 3.00) that were directly observed had pressure ulcers, but no pressure ulcer was detected by review of 600 medical records.Pressure ulcers are significantly more frequent in ICUs than in medical and surgical wards and a significant proportion of pressure ulcers are not reported. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4062 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4062/3721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 793 9 Hamid Shirkhanloo 1. Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI), Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (OEHRC) , Tehran, Iran. Farideh Golbabaei 2. Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Hamid Hassani 2. Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Farrokh Eftekhar 1. Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI), Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (OEHRC) , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Javad Kian 1. Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI), Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (OEHRC) , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Exposure to mercury (Hg) as a heavy metal can cause health effects. The objective of this study was to assess occupational exposure to Hg in a chlor-alkali petrochemical industry in Iran by determining of Hg concentrations in air, blood and urine samples.The study was performed on 50 exposed subjects and 50 unexposed controls. Air samples were collected in the breathing zone of exposed subjects, using hopcalite sorbents. Analysis was performed using a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CV-AAS) according to NIOSH analytical method 6009. For all participants, blood and urine samples were collected and then transferred into sterile glass tubes. After micro-extraction with ionic liquid and back extraction with nitric acid, Hg concentrations in blood and urine samples were determined by CV-AAS.The mean concentration of air Hg was 0.042± 0.003 mg/m(3). The mean concentrations of Hg in blood and urine samples of exposed subjects were significantly higher than unexposed controls (22.41± 12.58 versus 1.19± 0.95 μg/l and 30.61± 10.86 versus 1.99± 1.34 μg/g creatinine, respectively). Correlation of air Hg with blood Hg, urine Hg and blood Hg-urine Hg ratio were significant statistically (P< 0.05).The values of Hg in blood and urine samples of chlor-alkali workers were considerably high. Correlation coefficients showed that blood Hg and blood Hg-urine Hg ratio are better indicators than urine Hg for assessing occupationally exposed workers in terms of current exposure assessment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4060 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4060/3719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 800 8 Ali Zare Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Mahmoodi Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Kazem Mohammad Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Hojjat Zeraati Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Hosseini Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Kourosh Holakouie Naieni Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Gastric cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men and the third most prevalent cancer among women in Iran. Its most important reason for death is its belated diagnosis at the advanced stages of the disease. Various factors can be effective on the survival of these patients after surgery, which are the major concern in this study.Data from 330 patients with Gastric cancer who had undergone surgery at Iran Cancer Institute from 1995 to 1999 were analyzed. The Survival Time of patients was determined after surgery and the effect of individual and demographic; clinical and diagnostic; and treatment and post-surgical factors on patients' survival was studied. For data analysis, Kaplan- Meier, Log-Rank test and Proportional Hazards Model were used.The median of survival time was 16.33 months. The one-year, three-year, and five-year survival rates were, 0.66, 0.31, and 0.21. Based on univariate analysis results of age(P<0.001), metastases(P=0.012), disease stage(P=0.016), and number of renewed treatments(P<0.001), as well as multivariate analysis which was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of influencing variables on patients' survival showed that age(61-70:HR=1.40,>70:HR=2.08), marital status(HR=0.39), number of renewed treatments(1:HR=0.54, 2:HR=0.30, 3:HR=0.22), relapse(HR=1.51), type of gastrectomy (Subtotal: HR=1.12, Distal:HR=0.49, Partial:HR=0.94, Proximal:HR=0.52), liver metastases (HR=1.79), distance metastases(HR=1.84), and disease stage(II:HR=1.28, III:HR=2.12, IV:HR=1.90) variables had a significant effect on patients' survival.Patients who call on doctors in early stages of disease will have a higher survival rate due to early diagnosis whereas disease progression will increase the risk and will decrease the survival. Identifying factors affecting patients' survival and improving diagnostic methods can prevent disease progression and increase survival rate. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4058 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4058/3717

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 809 20 Peivand Bastani 1. Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran ; 2. Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran. Nazanin Abolhasani 3. Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Nasrin Shaarbafchizadeh 4. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 5. University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The important role of electronic health as well as importance of health care systems awareness and readiness may lead to develop the essential infrastructures for electronic health especially in developing countries. This study aims to investigate goals, gains, applications, challenges and other important issues related to success performance of electronic health.This research proposed a grounded theory in a qualitative design and a purposive sampling was used to select participants which consisted of 28 hospital managers and staff field managers working in deputy of health and curative affairs of Medical Science Universities in south of Iran. Semi structured interviews were conducted using a topic guide and intended themes derived from the results using Max QDA software during five steps.Nine themes through interviewees" viewpoints were made up as followed: Electronic health definition, necessity and importance of electronic health, electronic health advantages, relationship between electronic health and internet, physicians" opposition to electronic health, prerequisites for electronic health, solutions for applying electronic health plan, factors affecting electronic health acceptance in society and electronic health system challenges.It seems that there are good circumstances in the south medical universities about settlement and implementations of electronic health and their managers are aware of its advantages, importance and necessities. The present findings implicate that these organizations should consider the user friendly and probable resistances of the present clients, in this regard it is suggested that the used technology must be accepted by users, having standard base, inexpensive and simple enough while less vulnerable in response to changes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4056 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4056/3715

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 821 7 Arezoo Jahanbin 1. Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. Nadia Hasanzadeh 2. Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. Faraneh Abdolhoseinpour 3. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. Ariane Sadr-Nabavi 4. Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad-Ali Raisolsadat 5. Dr. Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. Khosro Shamsian 6. Jahade Daneshgahi of Mashhad , Mashhad, Iran. Farnaz Mohajertehran 7. Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. Hamidreza Kianifar 8. Dept. of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. 2015 10 15 Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities of the orofacial region with a multifactorial etiology. The present study aimed to investigate the association of two common polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (c.677C>T and c.1298A>C) with the occurrence of nsCL/P in an Iranian population.Forty-five nsCL/P patients, 43 mothers of patients, and 101 unrelated controls participated in the present study. Analysis of c.677C>T and c.1298A>C polymorphisms in MTHFR gene was conducted using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestions.There was no statistical difference in genotype and allele frequencies for c.677C>T variants between patients or their mothers and the control group. However, differences in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of c.1298A>C polymorphism were statistically significant between patients and control group (P=0.01 for alleles and P=0.005 for genotypes). The odds ratios (OR) for the CC versus AA homozygotes were 6.1 (95% CI 1.8-20.5) and 4.2 (95% CI 1.1-15.4), in patients and mothers, respectively.We found no association between genetic polymorphism of MTHFR c.677C>T and the risk of nsCL/P in the population studied. Yet the results suggested that c.1298A>C polymorphism of MTHFR gene may be a risk factor for the occurrence of nsCL/P in the Iranian population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4054 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4054/3713

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 6 2014 06 15 828 34 Jila Sadighi 1. Family Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR , Tehran, Iran. Ali Montazeri 2. Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR , Tehran, Iran. Katayoun Jahangiri 1. Family Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The aim of present study was to investigate the relation between the perception of population on healthy diet and lifestyle related behaviors.As part of national study on Iranian Health Perception, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Iran, 2010. A multistage sampling approach was applied to include a representative sample of population aged between 18 and 65 in the study. To collect data a designed questionnaire was administered.In all 27,883 individuals (50.4% women, 48.8% men) were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 34.6 years (SD = 12.8) and most were married (61%). The findings indicated that Iranian population often pay attention to healthy diet (39.5%), never smoke (74.9%), sometimes were doing exercise (29.5%), felt happy to some extent (39.5%), often care about themselves (47.1%) and rated their health as good (54.5%). Further analysis of the data showed that increased paying attention to healthy diet was associated with reduced smoking, more exercise, more self-care and happiness, and a better self-rated health st