Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 4246 4246 Dariush D Farhud 2015 10 15 - https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4246

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 1 5 Sanadhya Sudhanshu 1. Dept. of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital , Rajasthan, India. Aapaliya Pankaj 2. Dept. of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College And Hospital , Rajasthan, India. Jain Sorabh 3. Dept. of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Rajasthan, India. Sharma Nidhi 4. Dept. of Periodontics, Jaipur Dental College and Hospital , Rajasthan, India. 2015 10 15 Background Industrial growth is occurring exponentially, for unimpeded growth, industrial workers are recruited on a large scale globally. There are various sectors of industries present for which laborers are trained in accordance to their requirements. As workers possess the general health risk of occupational hazards, various labor laws, schemes and policies are undertaken by the government which are implemented by industries, but very few attention for oral health is being given because of which laborers are more progressing towards hidden adverse oral effects which can affect their working efficacy. Various studies on different sector workers were carried out focusing their oral health status but for acid factory workers it is neglected and therefore unrevealed to the society. For this purpose, in this article, though, paucity of literature, still, tries to enlighten the oral health status in acid factory industrial workers with available resources. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4266 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4266/3919

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 6 15 Hyun Kyung Lee 1. Seoul National Hospital , Seoul, South Korea. Seung Hee Lee 2. Dept. of Nursing, Ulsan University , Ulsan, South Korea. 2015 10 15 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between diabetes and depression and investigate the effects of comorbid diabetes and depression on healthcare utilization.The study sample included 10,179 Korean adults aged ≥ 45 years. The presence of diabetes was assessed by asking participants if the participants had ever been diagnosed with diabetes. Depression was measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale. Healthcare utilization was assessed by self-report. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.Diabetes was positively associated with depression after controlling socioeconomic and health variables. Diabetic patients who had low socioeconomic status, who were obese, who were smokers, and who had higher numbers of chronic diseases had a higher depression risk. Diabetes and depression was associated with increased healthcare utilization. People with both diabetes and depression had significantly increased odds of multiple physician visits, multiple hospital admissions, and prolonged hospitalization compared with individuals with neither diabetes nor depression. Patients with both diabetes and depression had greater odds of multiple hospital admissions than patients with diabetes alone.We found a positive association between diabetes and depression. Depression in persons with diabetes is associated with increased multiple hospital admissions. More research is warranted to clarify an association between co-occurring depression with diabetes and increased healthcare utilization. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4265 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4265/3918

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 16 27 Mostafizur Rahman 1. Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Asma Ahmad Shariff 2. Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Aziz Shafie 3. Dept. of Geography, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Rahmah Saaid 4. Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Rohayatimah Md Tahir 2. Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia. 2015 10 15 Caesarean section (c-section) rates have been increasing dramatically in the past decades around the world. This increase has been attributed to multiple factors such as maternal, socio-demographic and institutional fac-tors. Therefore, this study examines the impact of maternal, socio-demographic and relevant characteristics on caesar-ean delivery in the northern region of Bangladesh.This study is based on a total of 1142 delivery cases from four private hospitals and four public hospitals during the period of January to March 2010. The study was carried out using a cross-sectional design where data were collected by simple random sampling. In order to data analysis, first, an initial bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square and Fisher exact test. Secondly, the risk factors which are associated with c-section identify by logistic re-gression model. Finally, a stepwise regression analysis was carried out to isolate the most influential risk factors.Among the 17 risk factors, nine were found significantly associated with type of delivery. Eight of the risk factors i.e. previous c-section, pregnancy-induced swollen of leg, prolonged labour, maternal education status, mater-nal age more than 25 years, low birth order, length of baby more than 45cm and irregular intake of a balanced diet remained independently significant for caesarean delivery. The value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Maternal complications were found to be more significant in public hospitals than in private ones and conversely for the demographic characteristics.The findings of this study suggested that the above factors may influence the health-seeking behaviour of women in the northern region of Bangladesh. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4264 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4264/3917

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 28 34 Muhammad Sadik Memon 1. Dept. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Shamsuddin Solangi 2. Dept. of Medicine, Isra University Hospital , Hyderabad, Pakistan. Shabana Lakho 1. Dept. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Zain Islam Arain 2. Dept. of Medicine, Isra University Hospital , Hyderabad, Pakistan. Farukh Naz 2. Dept. of Medicine, Isra University Hospital , Hyderabad, Pakistan. Madiha Zaki 2. Dept. of Medicine, Isra University Hospital , Hyderabad, Pakistan. 2015 10 15 Malaria is the second most frequent clinically suspected disease entity after acute respiratory tract infection in developing countries. Active malarial transmission occurs throughout the year, while aggressive out bursts of disease are seen mainly during and after the 'monsoon' season. This study aimed to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria during flood at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad.This prospective observational study was done at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad during monsoon flooding from July 2011 to October 2011. All 883 patients presented with symptoms of malaria (fever, headache, and vomiting) were evaluated and diagnostic tool ICT-MP was used for the detection of malaria parasite among them.Seventy four (8.38%) patients diagnosed for malaria. The mean age and SD was 30.11 ± 1.67 years. Overall mortality due to malaria observed (18.9%). Mortality rate significantly observed high in pregnant women (0.005) and in those patients who developed complications such as, pneumonia (P = 0.04), renal failure (P = 0.04), Unconsciousness (P = 0.001), and Septicemia (P = 0.001).A Significant increase in the morbidity and mortality in patients with malaria after flood noticed. The probability of getting poor outcome is also associated when patient develop complications. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4263 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4263/3916

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 35 41 Yan Li Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Ningbo Uni-versity, Ningbo, China. Qiaoyan Gao Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Ningbo Uni-versity, Ningbo, China. Mingcai Li Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Ningbo Uni-versity, Ningbo, China. Mengyang Li Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Ningbo Uni-versity, Ningbo, China. Xueming Gao Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Ningbo Uni-versity, Ningbo, China. 2015 10 15 The environmental pollution is one of the factors contributing to the decrease of sperm quality for human beings. The aim of this study was to assess cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) concentration of man in environmental pollution site, and explore relationships between men exposure to Cd, Cr, and Cu and semen-quality parameters in environmental pollution site.Ninety five men were recruited through pollution area and controls in 2011. We measured semen quality using Computer-aided Semen Quality Analysis, and Cd, Cr, and Cu levels in seminal plasma using Graphite Gurnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between Cd, Cr and Cu concentration in seminal plasma and semen quality.The mean of seminal plasma Cd, Cr, and Cu values in pollution area was higher than the controls. Seminal plasma Cr values displayed a significant negative correlation with total motility and normomorph sperm rate. Seminal plasma Cu values also displayed a negative correlation with normomorph sperm rate.Male reproductive health may be threatened by environmental pollution, and it may be influence local population diathesis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4262 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4262/3915

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 42 9 Nazish Jabeen Human Genetics Program, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad,Pakistan. Sajid Malik Human Genetics Program, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad,Pakistan. 2015 10 15 The advancement in the healthcare systems, stringent interventions for infectious diseases and improved diet has significantly shifted the patterns of morbidities, and consequently hereditary and congenital anomalies (CA) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. In Pakistan, there is no systematic health surveillance system to assess the impact of such diseases particularly on the young and adult populations.In order to glean into the health and morbidity profile of Azad Jammu and Kashmir we have carried out an epidemiological study in Bhimber District in the north-east of Pakistan. A total of 1,731 female subjects of age 12-75 yr originating from Bhimber were recruited through a cross-sectional study.There were 74 cases (and 15 types) of CA with a prevalence estimate of 42.75/1,000. CA was significantly higher in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Pahari language and belonged to rural areas and nuclear families. Additionally, there were 104 cases (and 21 types) of NCDs (prevalence 60.08/1,000). NCDs were observed to have higher prevalence in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Punjabi language, and belonged to higher age groups and nuclear families.This study explores the types and dynamics of morbidity across the major socio-demographic parameters of adult females of Bhimber and would be helpful in estimating the impact of morbidity in this population. A comprehensive country-wide study is the need of the time to identify specific risk factors associated with certain morbidity types and help prioritize areas for interventions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4261 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4261/3914

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 1 2014 01 15 50 5 Arash Rakhshanpour 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Mohebali 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Behnaz Akhondi 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Taghi Rahimi 3. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, Iran. Mohammad Bagher Rokni 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is considered as a parasitic disease caused by the species of Leishmania donovani complex which is intracellular parasites. This systemic disease is endemic in some parts of provinc-es of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of VL in Qom Province, central Iran using di-rect agglutination test (DAT).Overall, 1564 serum samples (800 males and 764 females) were collected from selected subjects by random-ized cluster sampling in 2011-2012. Sera were tested and analyzed by DAT. Before sampling; a questio 2017 02 12 268 269 Ilankoon IMPS Dept. of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Goonewardena CSE Dept. of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Fernandopulle RC Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Perera PPR Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 An Insight to How Estate Women in Sri Lanka Manage  Abnormal Vaginal Discharge https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9060 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9060/5613

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 186 191 Yanfei ZHU Dept. of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China Shuxuan ZHANG Dept. of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China Wenxian SHAN Dept. of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China Ming HU Dept. of Nursing, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221002, China 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: We studied the possible advantages of feed-forward control nursing model in the treatment of placenta previa. Methods: We enrolled 60 pregnant women who were receiving treatment for expectant placenta previa between January 2010 and January 2016 and randomly divided them into the control group and the observation group with 30 cases in each group. In the control group, we offered specialist nursing which included examination, body positioning, vaginal bleeding record, psychological consultation and medication observation. Feed-forward control nursing was applied in the observation group which included establishing feed-forward control nursing improvement team, conducting quality control of nursing defects and putting forward ideas for improvements and verifying improvement outcomes. Results: The observation group got significantly higher success rate and lower complication rate compared with control group. Gestational age and fetal weights improved apparently in the observation group. When we compared the amount of postpartum bleeding and pregnancy bleeding in two groups we did not find any statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Patients’ satisfaction rate toward our nursing services was much higher in the observation group and the rate of nursing errors was significantly lower in this group. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Application of feed-forward control nursing model in the expectant treatment of placenta previa can improve treatment success rate, decrease complications and upgrade nursing quality.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9047 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9047/5600

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 270 271 Jae-Woo KIM Dept. of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Kwang Suk CHA Division of Sport Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Changes in Blood Lactate Levels after a 40-km Endurance March Depend on Fluid Replacements: A Case Study on Korean  Military Academy Cadets https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9061 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9061/5614

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 192 198 Yuanyuan CHEN Dept. of Nursing, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China Xiaodao HAN Dept. of Gynecologic Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, PR China Yongjie XU Hekou District People’s Hospital of Dongying City, Shandong, PR China Weihua LI Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Nursing project management is widely used in different aspects of the society. However, whether the nursing project management can control the infections in the operation room (OR) is rarely reported. We evaluated the outcomes of surgical patients after implementing a nursing project management program to provide new scientific ways to manage the OR infections. Methods: Overall, 382 patients, who underwent surgical treatment in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China from May 2015 to January 2016, were enrolled as observation group. Besides, 347 cases were selected as control group. Patients in the observation group were treated with the nursing project management plan, while patients in the control group were treated with the routine operation-room nursing measures. The infection control rates in the OR, and the patient satisfaction with the nursing team postoperatively were both compared between the two groups of patients. Results: The OR air, the surgical and personnel’s hands surfaces were sampled for colony forming units, and all were found to be significantly of better quality (indicated by less colony forming units) in the observation group (P<0.001). In addition, there were 3 cases (0.79%) of post-operation infections in the observation group, while 12 cases (3.46%) occurred in the control group. The overall infection rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.011); and the satisfaction of patients with the nursing team in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the patients in the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: It is worth popularizing and applying a good nursing project management plan for surgical patients in hospitals.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9048 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9048/5601

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 272 273 Muhammad Ali SYED Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Choosing from Whole Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines-  Dilemma for the Developing Countries https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9062 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9062/5616

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 199 206 Tamar JAPARIDZE Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javachishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia Jenara KRISTESASHVILI Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javachishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Unintended pregnancy (UPr) with high rates of subsequent abortions remains an important problem around the world. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of UPrs in Georgia, their outcomes, and use of modern and traditional methods of contraception in women who terminated their UPrs by induced abortion (IAb) and identify potentially associated factors. Methods: A Cross-sectional study, using stratified multistage sampling design, was conducted from Oct 2010 through Feb 2011. By secondary data analysis in selected group of women (n=2692) association of predictor variables: area of residence, age, level of education, economic status of woman, ethnicity, and religion with independent variables: UPr, termination of UPr by IAb and prior usage of modern and traditional methods of contraception were examined. Descriptive statistics methods and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used. Results: In Georgia, from the 2692 interviewed women who had a pregnancy, 1068(39.7%) had a UPr in 2005-2010; the majority (n=913; 85.5%) of these UPr ended in an IAb. 31.4% (n=287) of those women used any method of contraception, with the majority (n=213; 74.2%) using a traditional method. With UPr were associated area of residence, level of education and age (P>0.05); with termination of UPr by IAb-ethnic origin (P<0.05); with use of contraception –area of residence, age, level of education, ethnicity and religion and with use of modern methods of contraception – age (P<0.05). Conclusion: Low rates of modern contraception use prior UPrs, terminated by IAb demands attention by healthcare providers. Factors associated with these outcomes shall be used to identify target group of women.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9049/5602

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 274 275 Gülseren KESKİN Atatürk Medical Technological Vocational Training School, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey 2017 02 07 2017 02 07       Please provide alternate text for this image to ensure accessibility for users with text-only browsers or assistive device https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9064 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9064/5700

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 207 215 Hassan HASHEMI Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Abbasali YEKTA Dept. of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ebrahim JAFARZADEHPUR Dept. of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Hadi OSTADIMOGHADDAM Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amir ASHARLOUS Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran AND Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Payam NABOVATI Dept. of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Mehdi KHABAZKHOOB Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the National Vision Screening Program for 7 yr old children in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, eight cities in Iran were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Selected cities were Sari, Birjand, Ardabil, Mashhad, Bandar Abbas, Dezful, Yazd, and Arak, in Iran in 2013. Totally, 4614 schoolchildren were selected, 4106 of which participated in the study. An optometrist at the school site conducted all vision tests. Results were compared against those recorded on each child’s health card. Those with an uncorrected visual acuity worse than 20/25 in at least one eye screened positive for a vision problem. Results: 8.49% [95% confidence interval, 7.65 to 9.39] of the examinees had a vision problem. The sensitivity rate of the school entry screening was 38.15% (95% CI, 33.01 to 43.50) and the specificity rate was 93.11 (95%CI 92.25 to 93.90). The positive and negative predictive values were 33.93 (29.24 to 38.88) and 94.19 (93.39 to 94.93), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity rates did not significantly differ between boys and girls. For the uncorrected visual acuity tested by public health care workers compared to optometrists, the area under the ROC surface was 0.741 (P<0.001). The best-associated criterion was an uncorrected visual acuity more than 0.05 LogMAR with 67.3% sensitivity and 74.7% specificity. Conclusion: The validity of the school entry vision screening by health workers is low. To reduce false negative rates, some supplementary examinations such as refraction and near visual acuity measurements as well as further training of screeners should be considered.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9050/5603

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 276 277 Kamran BAGHERI LANKARANI Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Sulmaz GHAHRAMANI Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Behnam HONARVAR Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 A Study on Hospitalized Patients’ Payment in South of Iran after the First Round of Health Sector Reform https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9065 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9065/5618

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 216 221 Nazanin ARJOMAND FARD Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Nakisa TABRIZIAN Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Reza MIRZAEI Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamshid HADJATI Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh TOFIGHI ZAVAREH Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Reza SALEHI NODEH Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas MIRSHAFIEY Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: The expanse of dendritic cells (DC) differentiation plays an important role in determining immune response. DC-based immunosuppressive drugs have notable side effects in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers. G2013, as a novel anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, has been tested in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to conduct the safety property of G2013 on dendritic cells biology. Methods: The effect of G2013 on differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells was examined at Tehran University in 2014. To investigate how G2013 affects human dendritic cells (DC) in a defined inflammatory environment, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy blood. Monocytes were then purified using anti-CD14 microbeads. Monocytes were treated with G2013 in two different doses (6 and 12 μg/well) along with adding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 for inducing monocytes to immature DC and adding lipopolysaccharide for running DC maturation. Differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells were examined with flow cytometry and ELISA. Results: G2013 therapy had no significant effect on CD83, CD86 and DR expression, as well as IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine levels and it, has no remarkable side on differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells in immature DC and mature DC process in vitro. Conclusion: G2013 is a safe agent with no adverse effect on differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells. It may be recommended as a novel immunosuppressive agent with no or little side effect in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9051 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9051/5604

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 9066 9066 Mohammad MESKARPOUR-AMIRI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Abbas ASSARI-ARANI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hosein SADEGHI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Lotfali AGHELI Dept. of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 The Reality behind Informal Health Payments in Iran: “Under the Table Payments” or “On the Table Payments”? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9066 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9066/5619

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 222 228 Mona ENTEZA­M Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akbar AMIRFIROOZI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh TOGHA Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KERAMATIPOUR Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Expansion of GAA trinucleotide repeats is the molecular basis of Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). Precise detection of the GAA expansion repeat in frataxin gene has always been a challenge. Different molecular methods have been suggested for detection of GAA expansion, including; short-PCR, long-PCR, Triplet repeat primed-PCR (TP-PCR) and southern blotting. The aim of study was to evaluate two PCR-based methods, TP-PCR and long-PCR, and to explore the use of TP-PCR accompanying with long-PCR for accurate genotyping of FRDA patients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from six Iranian patients suspected to FRDA, who referred to the Department of Medical Genetics at Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the year 2014. For one of these patients’ four asymptomatic members of the family were also recruited for the analysis. DNA extraction was performed by two different methods. TP-PCR and long-PCR were carried out in all samples. The type of this study is assessment / investigation of methods. Results: Using a combination of the above methods, the genotypes of all samples were confirmed as five homozygous mutants (expanded GAA repeats), two heterozygous and three homozygous normal (normal repeat size). The results obtained by TP-PCR are consistent with long-PCR results. Conclusion: The presence or absence of expanded alleles can be identified correctly by TP-PCR. Performing long-PCR and Fluorescent-long-PCR enables accurate genotyping in all samples. This approach is highly reliable. It could be successfully used for detection of GAA expansion repeats.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9052 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9052/5605

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 279 280 Erfan AYUBI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamyar MANSORI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Comments on Paper Published in IJPH as “Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Macedonian Adolescents ...” https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9067 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9067/5621

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 2 2017 02 12 229 234 Leila FALLAHZADEH-ABARGHOOEI Dept. of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Maryam SAMADAEI-GHADIKOLAIE Dept. of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iraj SAADAT Dept. of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Mostafa SAADAT Dept. of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2017 02 07 2017 02 07 Background: Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) has potent cytotoxic activity in human cancer cells. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a mechanism for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the alteration of mRNA levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in MCF-7 and Jurkat cells after exposure to NaAsO2. Methods: Methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) viability assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity of NaAsO2 in MCF-7 and Jurkat cells. For evaluating the expression levels of the CAT and SOD2, we used two concentrations of NaAsO2 (5 and 15 µM), lower than the concentrations at which 50% of cell viability were lost. The cells were treated with co-treatment of NaAsO2 (15 µM) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC; 5 µM) in the media for 24 h. The control cells were maintained in sodium arsenite free growth medium. The experiments were done triplicate. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CAT and SOD2 were quantified. One sample student’s t test was performed for comparisons of mRNA levels between treatment groups and their corresponding untreated control cells. Results: CAT mRNA level decreased significantly in both cell lines following exposure to NaAsO2 (P<0.05). Expression levels of SOD2 decreased in Jurkat cells and increased in MCF-7 cells after treatment with NaAsO2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: After cells exposure to NaAsO2, CAT mRNA level decreased in both examined cell lines but the alterations of SOD2 mRNA level is cell specific. The NAC modulated the NaAsO2 associated alterations of CAT and SOD2 mRNA levels, therefore, the NaAsO2 might act through inducing reactive oxygen species.