Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 263 72 Bala Murali Sundram Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Maznah Dahlui Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Karuthan Chinna Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2015 10 15 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of individual-focused stress management training namely Deep Breathing Exercise (DBE) on self-perceived occupational stress among male automotive assembly-line workers.A quasi-experimental study was conducted at 2 automotive assembly plants in Malaysia over 9 months, from January 2012 to September 2012. Assembly-line workers from Plant A received DBE training while Plant B acted as a control by receiving pamphlets on stress and its ill-effects. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted among the self-voluntary respondents in Plant A (n=468) and Plant B (n=293). The level of stress was measured using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) stress subscale.Significant favorable intervention effects were found in Plant A (Effect size=0.6) as compared to Plant B (Effect size=0.2) at the end of the study in those receiving DBE. Time and group interaction effects were examined using the repeated measure ANOVA test in which there was a significant group *time interaction effect [F (1, 1) = 272.45, P<0.001].The improvement in stress levels showed the potential of DBE training as part of Employee Assistance Program in the automotive assembly plant. Future studies should be carried out to assess the long term effects of an on-site relaxation training to provide stronger evidence for the introduction of DBE among assembly-line workers as a coping strategy to alleviate occupational stress. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4202 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4202/3859

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 273 81 Frank F C Pan Research Center on Medical Tourism & Hospitality, Tajen University, Taiwan. 2015 10 15 Nurses have long been relied as the major labor force in hospitals. Featured with complicated and highly labor-intensive job requirement, multiple pressures from different sources was inevitable. Success in identifying stresses and accordingly coping with such stresses is important for job performance of nurses, and service quality of a hospital. Purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of nurses' capabilities.A modified Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted. Overall, 105 nurses from several randomly selected hospitals in southern Taiwan were investigated to generate factors. Ten experienced practitioners were included as the expert in the AHP to produce weights of each criterion. Six nurses from two regional hospitals were then selected to test the model.Four factors are then identified as the second level of hierarchy. The study result shows that the family factor is the most important factor, and followed by the personal attributes. Top three sub-criteria that attribute to the nurse's stress-coping capability are children's education, good career plan, and healthy family. The practical simulation provided evidence for the usefulness of this model.The study suggested including these key determinants into the practice of human-resource management, and restructuring the hospital's organization, creating an employee-support system as well as a family-friendly working climate. The research provided evidence that supports the usefulness of AHP in identifying the key factors that help stabilizing a nursing team. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4200 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4200/3857

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 282 90 Yongzhi Lun 1. Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University Dalian, China. Chongbo Xu 1. Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University Dalian, China. Qing Chi 1. Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University Dalian, China. Xuelei Wang 1. Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University Dalian, China. Wen Sui 1. Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University Dalian, China. Sujuan Jiang 2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian, China. 2015 10 15 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA polymerase transactivated protein 1 (HBVDNAPTP1) is a novel protein transactivated by HBV DNA polymerase, screened by suppression subtractive hybridization technique (GenBank accession no: AY450389). The biological function of HBVDNAPTP1 was investigated in this study.We constructed a vector pcDNA3.1 (-)/myc-His A-HBVDNAPTP1 and used it to transfect acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. HBVDNAPTP1 expression was detected by western blot analysis in the cells. A cDNA library of genes transactivated by HBVDNAPTP1 in THP-1 cells was made in pGEM-T Easy using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). The cDNAs were sequenced and analyzed with BLAST search against the sequences in GenBank.Some sequences, such as CIP4, might be involved in apoptosis development. mRNA and protein expression of CIP4 was identified by Real time RT-PCR and western blot in THP-1 cells. HBVDNAPTP1 could down-regulate the expression of CIP4 at both transcription and translation levels.HBVDNAPTP1 may be involved in the positive regulation on the initiation of monocyte apoptosis. The result contribute to reveal the HBVDNAPTP1 biological functions and provide new evidences for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of HBVDNAPTP1. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4198 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4198/3855

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 291 9 Muhammad Asif Asghar Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex , Karachi, Pakistan. Javed Iqbal Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex , Karachi, Pakistan. Aftab Ahmed Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex , Karachi, Pakistan. Mobeen Ahmed Khan Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex , Karachi, Pakistan. 2015 10 15 The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of an economically-important class of mycotoxins, the aflatoxins (AFs) in Pakistani Brown Rice.A total of 262 of brown rice samples were collected from different vendors during July 2006 to June 2011. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique.AFB1 was detected in 250 (95.4%) samples, whereas AFB2 was detected in 20 (7.6%) samples. Furthermore, AFG1 and AFG2 were not found in any sample. The contamination range of AFB1 and AFB2 was found 1.07-24.65 μg/kg and 0.52-2.62 μg/kg, respectively. Total AFs were quantified in 250 (95.4%) samples with an average of 3.89 μg/kg and contamination range was noted to be between 1.07-27.27 μg/kg. The overall results indicated that in 12 (4.6%) samples, AFs were not found within detectable limits. Furthermore, in 188 (71.7%) samples, AFs level was found below than maximum tolerated levels (MTL) as recommended by the European Union (4 μg/kg). Moreover, in 61 (23.3%) samples, AFs range was found between 4-20 μg/kg, which were fit for human consumption as per MTL (20 μg/kg) assigned by USA (FDA and FAO) and Pakistan (PSQCA). While only one sample (27.27 μg/kg) exceeded the above mention regulation limits.Low level of AFs occurs frequently in brown rice, and can be improved using proper harvesting practices, storage and transportation conditions. The small quantities of AFs warrant performing further investigation, monitoring and routine analysis on regular basis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4196 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4196/3853

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 300 9 Ping Hu 1. Public Health & Management College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China. Lingli Han 1. Public Health & Management College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China. Manoj Sharma 2. Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, USA. Huan Zeng 2. Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, USA. Yong Zhang 1. Public Health & Management College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China. Hui Li 1. Public Health & Management College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China. Yong Zhao 1. Public Health & Management College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China. 2015 10 15 There have been many studies that evidence the health hazards of sunlight exposure, but less study on sun safe intervention model, especially in China. Our aim was to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral effects of a peer education model-based intervention to sun safe in children.Cluster random control intervention was conducted in one district in Chongqing, China. Two primary schools, selected through stratified clustered sampling approach (two grades in each school, three classes in each grade) were designated as intervention (n=304) and control schools (n=305) randomly. 36 students, selected as peer educators in intervention group, were trained for one month. Educational activities such as discussions were organized by peer educator for one month. There was no sun safe education to participants in control school during the project period. The evaluation of changes of sun safe knowledge (the primary outcome), attitude and behavior (the secondary outcome measures) were conducted before intervention and at months of 0, 1 and 6 of the intervention to two groups using quantitative and qualitative methods.After the intervention, sun safe knowledge score which gained by the students from intervention group has been remarkably improved, compared to baseline survey (24.48±6.17 vs. 29.51±6.75) (P<0.001), and it kept this high level (29.02±7.96 and. 28.65±8.96), while control group students' scores have made no difference (P=0.410). Most of students have changed their sun safe behavior after the intervention.Peer education program is somewhat effective in some dimensions for improving children's understanding of sun safe knowledge and behavior. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4194 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4194/3851

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 310 5 Salma Teimoori 1. WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand ; 2. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Aliakbar Sabour Yaraghi 3. Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health , Tehran, Iran. Mahsa Sadat Makki 2. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Farideh Shahbazi 2. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Shahrokh Nazmara 4. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mohhamad Bagher Rokni 2. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Alireza Mesdaghinia 4. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Abdoreza Salahi Moghaddam 5. Dept. of Pathobiology, Bandar Abbas Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS) , Iran. Mostafa Hosseini 6. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical sciences , Tehran, Iran. Arash Rakhshanpour 2. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Gholamreza Mowlavi 2. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of helminths to absorb heavy metals in comparison with that of the host tissues.We compared the concentration of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in urban rats and in their harboring helminthes -Moniliformis moniliformis, Hymenolepis diminuta and larval stage of Taenia taenaeiformis (Cysticercus fasciolaris). The heavy metal absorption was evaluated in 1g wet weight of parasites and tissues digested in nitric acid, using Inductivity Coupled Plasma (ICP_OES).A higher concentration of heavy metals was revealed in the helminths than in the host tissues. Bioconcentration factor (BF= C in parasite/C in tissue) for both Cd and Cr absorption was more than 10-fold higher in M. moniliformis than in the three compared host tissues. The BF of Cd in M. moniliformis compared to the liver, kidney and muscle of the host was 9.16, 14.14 and 17.09, respectively. BF in Cr in the same parasite and the same host tissues ranged from 10.67, 7.06 and 4.6. High level of absorption in H. diminuta was significantly likewise; the individual BF of Cd and Cr in H. diminuta compared to the liver, kidney and muscle of the hosts was 4.95, 5.94 and 4.67 vs. 2.67, 11.56 and 5.59. The mean concentration of Cd and Cr in C. fasciolaris was also significantly higher than that in the rat livers (P<0.007 and P<0.004, respectively).This study claims that parasites of terrestrial animals exposed to heavy metals can be more accurate indicators than the host tissues as new environmental monitoring agents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4192 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4192/3849

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 3 2014 03 15 808 815 Ghasem MOUSAVI Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali ARDALAN Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza KHANKEH Research Center for Disaster Recovery, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad KAMALI Department of Rehabilitation Basic Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas OSTADTAGHIZADEH Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 05 14 Background: Physical rehabilitation, as one of the rehabilitation disciplines, can play a great role in humanitarian reliefs. The effectiveness of physical rehabilitation services is completely dependent on time of intervention, the importance of good timing in providing services during disasters is not well understood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the physical rehabilitation services provided in disasters and emergencies. Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was undertaken from Jan 2000 to Sep 2017. All English studies reporting physical rehabilitation services in natural and man-made disasters were selected regardless of study design. The included studies were analyzed by descriptive and analytical method. Results: Thirteen studies were included after reviewing by title, abstract and full text in this study. Most of the physical rehabilitation studies come back to recent years. Most of the disaster physical rehabilitation services were physiotherapy and occupational therapy. The physical rehabilitation experts have been attended in the affected area from the few first hours until several months after disasters in order to provide the required services to the affected population. Conclusion: There are few studies about physical rehabilitation services provided in the disaster-affected areas and this study showed that the services were limited and at different times. Physical rehabilitation services post disasters should have a comprehensive service model, like other health services. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further studies to achieve this aim.      https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17106 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17106/6375

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 977 979 Su-Youn CHO Department of Physical Education, College of Science in Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Korea National University of Transportation, Chung-ju-si, Korea Hee-Tae ROH Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea 2019 05 15 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17138 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17138/6397

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 14 849 857 Akebe Luther King ABIA Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa Eunice UBOMBA-JASWA Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa AND Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa 2019 05 14 Background: Fomites (including money) can transmit diseases to humans. How the nature of money influences contamination has not been adequately demonstrated. Moreover, such studies in church settings are non-existent. Thus, we studied how money collected from a church could serve as human disease transmission vehicles. Methods: Overall, 284 money samples (currency notes and coins) were collected during two Sundays in the months of Nov and Dec 2015 from a church congregation in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi were investigated using culture (Colilert® method) and molecular methods (Sanger sequencing). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the possible positions of the bacteria on various parts of a currency note. Results: Of the 192 samples (first sampling round), 76 (39.6%) were positive for E. coli. Smaller notes (R10) recorded the highest E. coli counts per note. Of the 92 notes analyzed for potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi (second sampling round), 76 (82%) showed growth on at least one of the six culture media used. Sequencing revealed three bacterial (Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium) and two fungal (Clavispora and Rhodotorula) genera. SEM revealed that microorganisms could enter cracks of creased notes. Conclusion: Unlike previous studies conducted where recent contamination could occur, the current study shows that microorganisms can survive on money; samples were collected from a church, where little or no exchange takes place. Moreover, using SEM demonstrates that aged and creased notes favor attachment of bacteria to money and could be of public health concern by transmitting disease within a given population.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17111/6380

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 14 816 824 Nasrin REFAEE SAEEDI Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hamidreza AGHAMOHAMMADIAN SHARBAF Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Javad ASGHARI EBRAHIMABAD Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hossein KARESHKI Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2019 05 14 Background: Breast cancer is known as one of the most common cancers among women and has severe psychological effects. This study aimed to identify the psychological consequences of breast cancer in previous studies based on meta-analysis. Methods: Meta-analytic procedures were conducted by Prisma guidelines. A literature search was conducted by using following electronic databases including scientific information databases (SID), Magiran, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Medline from 1991 through 2017 regarding the psychological consequences associated with breast cancer in Iran. The content of all articles was evaluated by the Prisma checklist and analyzed meta-analysis in CMA software. Results: The final synthesis was carried out on 56 quantitative studies. Considering the findings of meta-analysis of the psychological consequences of patients with breast cancer in seven classes, anxiety (ES=-0.76), body image (ES=0.199), coping strategies (ES= 0.214), depression (ES=-0.700), fatigue (ES=0.322), quality of life (ES= 0.428), and sexual function (ES=0.355) were achieved. Conclusion: Based on the results of the high level of psychological consequences of breast cancer in women with breast cancer, it is necessary to formulate appropriate therapeutic protocols in order to adjust the psychological consequences.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17107 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17107/6376

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 980 982 Eun-Sol KIM Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Eun-Deok JO Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Gyeong-Soon HAN Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2019 05 15 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17139 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17139/6398

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 14 858 863 Liang QIN Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China Caihong CUI Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China Yuling HUO Department of Hepatology, Baoding Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baoding 071000, P.R. China Xincai YANG Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China Yuqian ZHAO Department of Intensive Care Unit, Baoding Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baoding 071000, P.R. China 2019 05 14 Background: To investigate the clinical efficacy of physical factors combined with early psychological intervention in treatment of patients with chronic limb pain. Methods: A total of 132 patients with chronic limb pain admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China from June 2014 to June 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group (n=66) and observation group (n=66) according to the random number table method. Both groups of patients were treated with physical factors, and the patients in the observation group were also treated with early psychological intervention. PHQ-15 pain factor score, visual analog pain score (VAS score), Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups. Results: Difference of PHQ-15 pain factor score, VAS score and HAMD score between two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P=0.091, 0.161, 0.078). At the end of treatment and at 8 weeks of follow-up, PHQ-15 pain factor score, VAS score, and HAMD score of observation group were lower than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.045, 0.014; 0.011, 0.025; 0.030, 0.015). Total clinical effective rates of observation group and control group were 92.43% and 86.37%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.019). Conclusion: Compared with physical factors alone, combination of physical factors and early psychological intervention can significantly alleviate the pain and improve the depression of patients with chronic limb pain. It should be promoted in clinical practices.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17113 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17113/6381

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 983 985 Lida HOSSEINI Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahboubeh GHAYOUR NAJAFABADI Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Amirhossein MEMARI Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ramin KORDI Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 05 15 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17140 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17140/6399

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 864 872 Magdalena ZALEWSKA Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland Elżbieta MACIORKOWSKA Department of Developmental Medicine and Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland 2019 05 15 Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the nutritional status, nutritional habits, and physical activity in the representative population of 18-year-old students. Methods: A total of 1,631 participants aged 18 years, originating from secondary schools/senior high schools in the city of Bialystok, Szpitalna, Bialystok, Poland were enrolled. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires, and their body mass index was assessed. Data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures with Statistical PL 12.0. Results: The analysis showed that consumption of only one to two or three meals was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity—in case of one or two meals among girls, OR=1.78 (P<0.05), in case of one or two meals among boys, OR=2.325 (P<0.01), and in case of three meals, OR=1.771 (P<0.05). First breakfast was consumed by 82.1% of boys with normal BMI and 73.1% overweight and obesity (OR=0.593; P<0.05). 24.5% of the eutrophic compared to only 20.3% of adolescents with elevated BMI reported attending all PE classes. Physical activity undertaken after school was associated with a 35.9% decrease risk of overweight and obesity among girls and 57.7% among boys. Conclusion: A specific pattern of nutritional habits, that is, decreased meal frequency in adolescents, skipping meals, appear the most frequent nutritional mistakes associated with overweight and obesity. Insufficient physical activity and exposure to sedentary behaviors among adolescents are disturbing. The obesity problem requires monitoring, prevention and the change of nutritional habits and physical activity early in childhood.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17121 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17121/6382

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 986 987 Sedigheh ESMAILZADEH Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mouloud AGAJANI DELAVAR Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Sayyed Asghar GHOLAMIAN Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran Amirmasoud AHMADI Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran AND Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran Fatemeh HOSSEINPOUR HAYDARI Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mahbobe POURALI Department of Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2019 05 15 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17141 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17141/6400

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 873 881 Soongyo YEOUM Department of Nursing, Seoil University, Seoul, South Korea Sunah PARK Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, South Korea 2019 05 15 Background: The aims of this study were to develop a hyperthyroidism-specific health status scale of Korea (K-HHSS) and to verify its validity and reliability. Methods: A methodological study was performed with hyperthyroid patients to assess the following properties: content validity, item analysis, Cronbach’s α, intraclass correlation coefficients, and confirmatory factor analysis. The data were obtained from 80 patients with hyperthyroidism given medical care at C university hospital in Seoul in 2017. Results: The construct validity was supported by the item-analysis correlations ranging between 0.31 and 0.82. The internal consistency reliability was from 0.70 to 0.85, and the scale’s stability was confirmed by intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.57 and 0.97. Construct reliability was 0.81 and the average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.72. These inclusion criteria resulted in the selection of 30 items in 7 categories. Conclusion: This scale will be useful as a limited health-measuring index for the nursing assessment of patients with hyperthyroidism in Korea.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17122 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17122/6383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 988 990 Mohammad JAFARI-MODREK Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran AND Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Raheleh HASANZADEH Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Hakim AZIZI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Kareem HATAM-NAHAVANDI Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran 2019 05 15 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17142 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17142/6401

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 882 892 Mahboubeh BAYAT Center for Health Human Resources Research & Studies, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran AND Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran Roghaye KHALILNEJAD Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali AKBARI-SARI Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj HARIRCHI Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamhossein SALEHI ZALANI Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran S. Elmira MIRBAHAEDDIN Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Mahmoud KHODADOST Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim JAFARI POOYAN Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi YASERI Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azad SHOKRI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2019 05 15 Background: Dual practice by surgery specialists is a widespread issue across health systems. This study aimed to determine the level of dual practice engagement and its related factors among Iran’s surgery specialists. Methods: A pre-structured form was developed to collect the data about surgery specialists worked in all 925 Iran hospitals in 2016. The forms were sent to the hospitals via medical universities in each province. The data were merged at the national level and matched using medical council ID codes, national ID codes and eventually a combination of the first name, surname and father's name. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assessing the association between dual practice with study variables. Results: Overall, 14931 surgeons were participated (93% response rate) and 6405 (57% of) engaged in DP on total. Urinary tract & genital and neurosurgery specialties had the highest rank with 69%. DP was more frequent in specialists with higher age and experience, populated provinces, higher deprivation, and share of private hospitals. Faculty physicians (OR=0.69), full-time geographic physicians (OR=0.17), specialists with more than 25 years’ experience (OR=2.59) and age more than 40 yr (OR=1.3) had significant association with dual practice. Conclusion: Multi-approach strategy is needed to control dual practice through tax regulations, income cap, and limitations in work hours and number of visits in private sector.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17123 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17123/6384

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 991 993 Mostafa NADIM Department of History, School of Literature & Humanity Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Arman ZARGARAN Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 05 15 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17143 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17143/6402

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 893 901 Aliyar MIRZAPOUR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Adel SPOTIN Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hamed BEHNIAFAR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hakim AZIZI Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Bahman MALEKI Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Homayon SHAKERAMINIA Department of Nursing School of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran Seyyed Javad SEYYED TABAEI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 05 15 Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as a public health concern is increasingly circulating by causative agents of Leishmania tropica and L. major in Iran. As regard to recent treatment failure and controlling problems, the accurate elucidation of heterogeneity traits and taxonomic status of Leishmania spp. should be broadly addressed by policymakers. This study was designed to determine the genetic variability and molecular characterization of L. major and L. tropica from Iranian CL patients. Methods: One hundred positive Giemsa-stained slides were taken from clinical isolates of CL at Pol-e-Dokhtar County, Southwest Iran, from May 2014 to Sep 2016. DNAs were directly extracted and amplified by targeting ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene following microscopic observation. To identify Leishmania spp. amplicons were digested by restriction enzyme HaeIII subsequent PCR-RFLP technique. To reconfirm, the isolates were directly sequenced to conduct diversity indices and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Based upon the RFLP patterns, 84 and 16 isolates were explicitly identified to L. tropica and L. major respectively. No co-infection was found in clinical isolates. The high genetic diversity of L. tropica (Haplotype diversity 0.9) was characterized compared to L. major isolates (Hd 0.476). The intra-species diversity for L. tropica and L. major isolates corresponded to 3%-3.9% and 0%-0.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate the L. tropica isolates with remarkable heterogeneity than L. major are predominantly circulating at Pol-e-Dokhtar County. Occurrence of high genetic variability of L. tropica may be noticed in probable treatment failure and/or emerging of new haplotypes; however, more studies are warranted from various geographic regions of Southwest Iran, using large sample size.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17124 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17124/6385

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 5 2019 05 15 902 911 Fariba KHALILI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Hossein MAHVI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran