Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 539 44 Ramya Ramamoorthi 1. School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Rama Jayaraj 2. National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Leonard Notaras 2. National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Mahiban Thomas 3. Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. 2015 10 15 Alcohol - related violence among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (also called as "Indigenous") is a major public health concern in Northern Territory of Australia. There is dearth of epidemiological data that link three contributing epidemics: alcohol misuse, violence, and trauma in the Northern Territory. In this review, we aimed to concentrate on how these epidemics intersect among the Indigenous people in the Northern Territory. In our descriptive review, we have searched published papers, publicly available government and health department reports web sites reporting relevant data on these three risk factors in the Northern Territory. The high rate of family and domestic violence and assaults in the Australian Territory indicates an increased correlation with high risk alcohol use compared to unintentional injuries. Heavy drinking pattern and harmful use of alcohol among Indigenous people are more likely to be associated with the incidence of violent assaults and physical injuries in the Northern Territory. We are trying to emphasize our understanding of co-occurring risk factors on the alcohol - violence relationship and urging a need for interventional approaches to reduce the public health issues in the Northern Territory. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4123 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4123/3781

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 545 55 Saber Azami-Aghdash 1. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Morteza Ghojazadeh 2. Liver & Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Nima Dehdilani 3. Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Marzieh Mohammadi 4. Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Ramin Asl Amin Abad 5. Food & Drug Organization Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 15 Unfortunately, the prevalence of cesarean section has increased in recent years. Whereas awareness of the prevalence and causes is inevitable for planning and effective interventions, so aim of this study has designed and conducted for reviewing of systematic Prevalence and caesarean causes in Iran. In this meta-analysis, the required information have been collected using several keywords which are Cesarean section rate, Cesarean section prevalence, delivery, childhood, childbirth, relative causes, relative frequency, Iran and their Persian equivalents have been collected from databases such as CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Iranmedex. Finally, we found 706 related articles and selected 34 articles among them for studying of cesarean Prevalence. We used CMA software with random model for Meta-Analysis. The prevalence of Cesarean was estimated48%. Using content analysis, Factors influencing the incidence of cesarean section were divided to 3 categories including social and demographic factors, obstetric-medical causes and non-obstetric-medical causes. Maternal education and grand multiparity in the field of demographic and social factors, previous cesarean in the field of obstetric-medical causes and fear of normal-vaginal delivery (NVD) and doctor's suggestion in the field of non-obstetric-medical causes were major causes of Cesarean. According to the high prevalence of caesarean section and it upward development, it seems to be essential designing and implementing of programs and interventions effectiveness including providing of Possibility of painless childbirth and education and psychological interventions, increasing of quality of natural delivery services, proper culture and prohibiting of doctors from Personal opinions and profit. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4109 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4109/3767

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 556 60 Sadegh Khodavaisy 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. Ensieh Zibafar 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Seyed Jamal Hashemi 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 3. Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Hanar Narenji 2. Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. Roshanak Daie Ghazvini 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, primarily of genus Actinomyces, which colonize the mouth, colon and vagina. Mucosal disruption may lead to infection virtually at any sites in the body. The aim of this study was to underline different features of actinomycosis and to represent total data about etiologic agents, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches these infections. From a total of 38 case reports or series, ninety one cases were obtained by using of relevant articles reported as recorded cases in Iran (1972 to 2012). Analyzed data represented 21 cases of oral-servicofacial (23.1%), 7 cases of thoracic (7.7%), 17 cases of abdominal (18.7%), 21 cases of disseminated forms (23.1%) and 25 cases of others (27.5%). Findings indicated more common of these infections in men (61.5%). Actinomyces naeslundii (21 cases) was found as the most common causative agents in comparison with A. Israeli (15 cases), A. viscosus (3 cases) and A. bovis (1 case). The most patients had been successfully treated with penicillin although some cases needed surgery along with antibiotic therapy. Since some clinical features of actinomycosis are similar to malignancies, so the differential diagnosis of invasive forms must be considered. This report emphasizes on the importance of differential diagnosis of actinomycosis from similar diseases by clinicians. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4107 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4107/3765

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 561 71 Abdallah I A Yagub Dept. of Policy and Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa. 2015 10 15 North Darfur State has been affected by conflict since 2003 and the government has not been able to provide adequate curative health services to the people. The government has come to rely on Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to provide curative health services. This study was conducted to examine the existing collaboration between government and NGOs in curative health service delivery in North Darfur State, and to identify the challenges that affect their collaboration.Documentary data were collected from government offices and medical organizations. Primary data were obtained through interviews with government and NGOs representatives. The interviews were conducted with (1) expatriates working for international NGOs (N=15) and (2), health professionals and administrators working in the health sector (N= 45).The collaboration between the government and NGOs has been very weak because of security issues and lack of trust. The NGOs collaborate by providing human and financial resources, material and equipment, and communication facilities. The NGOs supply 70% of curative health services, and contribute 52.9% of the health budget in North Darfur State. The NGOs have employed 1 390 health personnel, established 44 health centres and manage and support 83 health facilities across the State.The NGOs have played a positive role in collaborating with the government in North Darfur State in delivering curative health services, while government's role has been negative. The problem that faces the government in future is how health facilities will be run should a peaceful settlement be reached and NGOs leave the region. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4121 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4121/3779

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 572 8 Zhaoxin Wang 1. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , China ; 2. School of Medicine, Tongji University , China. Rui Liu 1. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , China. Ping Li 3. Zhou Pu Hospital, Shanghai , China. Chenghua Jiang 2. School of Medicine, Tongji University , China. Mo Hao 4. Fudan University , China. 2015 10 15 Given limited health sources, how to make DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups) more feasible is a big question in developing countries. This study contributes to the debate on how to bridge the pay-for-service and DRGs during the transitional period of payment reform.From 2008 to 2012, 20740 patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease were chosen as sample. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the interrelationships between the total medical expenses of the inpatients, and age, gender of the inpatients, length of stay (LOS), region and economic level of the hospitals were examined.The main findings were 1) length of stay (LOS) and the economic level of treatment location had a statistically significant impact on patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease. Meanwhile gender is not a significant factor for both of them. 2) Under the premise of limited resources, developing countries should first narrow down to screen for common and frequently occurring diseases, then study the key factors which affect the treatment cost of the diseases.Based on picking out common diseases and their key factors, Simplification of the DRGs setting process will greatly increase the efficiency of implementing DRGs in the developing world. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4105 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4105/3763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 579 89 Ha-Na Kim Dept. of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea. Sang-Wook Song Dept. of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea. 2015 10 15 We conducted this cross-sectional study to examine the relationships between problematic alcohol drinking, unhealthy habits and socio-demographic factors based on the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV).We analyzed a total of 13,488 participants based on the data collected from the KNHANES IV performed between 2007 and 2009.The frequency of binge and heavy drinking was significantly higher in men and the married participants with intermediate income. The frequency of binge drinking was higher in younger adults and individuals with at least high school graduates. After the adjustment of socio-demographic factors, the odds of current smoking (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.11, 95% CI 3.35-5.03), abdominal obesity (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.48), stress (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.261.68), and depressed mood (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58) were greater in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers. The odds of current smoking (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.42-2.09 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 4.95, 95% CI 4.25-5.77 for frequent binge drinking), obesity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.46-1.85 for frequent binge drinking), and abdominal obesity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.36-1.77 for frequent binge drinking) were increased with the increased frequency of the binge drinking.Our results would be of help for screening a specific subgroup of individuals who are vulnerable to alcohol drinking by establishing effective population-based strategies to reduce the problematic drinking. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4103 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4103/3761

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 590 600 Kang-Ok Cho Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea. 2015 10 15 The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of physical activity levels with sleep duration (SD), and self-rated health (SRH) using the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 and 2011.Overall, 12,188 Korean people were evaluated in relation to meeting guidelines for vigorous PA (MVPA), moderate PA (MMPA), and low PA (MLPA) associated with SD and SRH.The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of males who slept seven hours with MMPA (AOR=0.84) and MLPA (AOR=0.85) and eight hours with MMPA (AOR=0.76) and MLPA (AOR=0.78) significantly decreased compared to subjects who sleep 6 hours/day. In females, an AOR of less than 5 (AOR=1.40) and 6 hours (AOR=1.12) with MVPA was significantly increased compared to 7 hours sleep/day, while sleeping more than 8 hours/day was significantly decreased with MLPA (AOR=0.73). Compared to the very good SHR, the AORs of more negative SHR status with MVPA, MMPA, and MLPA in males and with MMVP and MLVP in females decreased significantly.Sleeping 6-8 hours/day for MMPA and MLPA in males and 7-8 hours/day for MVPA and MLPA in females, and a very good SRH for MVPA, MMPA, and MLPA in males and for MMPA and MLPA in females are recommended to participate physical activity for the Korean population. We therefore, the independent association between PA levels and SD or SRH according to gender supports public health program to participate physical activity for the Korean population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4101 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4101/3759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 601 9 Nurbek Igissinov 1. Republican Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education , Astana, Kazakhstan ; 2. PA "Central Asian Cancer Iijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29633/8051

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2230 2231 Jin-Wook Jeon Department of Sports Science, HwaSung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea Ji-Hoon Cho Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea 2023 02 09 2023 08 09 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31180 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31180/8074

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2083 2089 Lana Mahrous Department of Basic Health Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Ri-yadh, Saudi Arabia Nada Benajiba Régional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/AIEA, Ibn Tofail University-CNESTEN, Rabat-Kénitra, Morocco Elizabeth Dodge College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, ME 04103, USA Anoud N. Bakri College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Applied Nutrition Graduate Program, Boston, USA Ghadir Salsa Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, USA Enmanuel Chavarria Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA Basil H. Aboul-Enein Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 2022 07 03 2022 11 12 Background: The Syrian Arab Republic (SAR) is experiencing high rates of malnutrition. While many adults experience overweight and obesity, as a direct result of the continuing conflict, SAR is also noted as one of the most food-insecure regions in the Arab world. To combat the health impacts and outcomes related to diet and dietary behaviors, trained nutrition professionals are needed. We aimed to examine current nutrition-affiliated programs offered in post-secondary institutions in the SAR. Methods: The search was conducted between Jan and Feb 2021. An electronic review of universities and colleges’ websites, department webpages, and academic programs’ homepages and resources of all the private and public universities in SAR was conducted to find programs related to nutrition, nutrition sciences, and dietetics. Results: Only 13%, or 4 out of 30 SAR colleges and universities had bachelor’s programs in nutrition or nutrition science, and none had nutrition programs at the graduate or terminal degree levels. Conclusion: A pathway for integration of graduates from nutrition sciences into the healthcare and public health workforce should be defined and an understanding of the value of those with a degree in nutrition should be cultivated in clinical and community care settings. Partnering with existing or creating independent organizations charged with defining the scope of practice and ensuring educational quality and competence of graduating students, as well as readiness to practice as part of a healthcare team or in a public health nutrition role will be integral to moving the nutrition profession forward in the SAR. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29190 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29190/8055

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2232 2233 Niloofar Etemadi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Romina Habibi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Samadnezhad Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Alishvandi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Gilan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Arina Attaran Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2022 05 01 2022 09 13 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28606 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28606/8075

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2090 2098 Kyounglee Kim Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea Byung-Ro Seo Korea Department of Global MICE, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea 2023 06 02 2023 08 12 Background: The three-year the pandemic has increased the preference for "safer and healthier" medical tourism destinations at a global level. Busan in South Korea aims to increase its competitiveness as a "medical city" destination. This study aimed to explore the best marketing strategies designed based on country-specific attraction model. Methods: We collected data from surveys with 10 participants of a focus group from the medical tourism field in Busan and 352 participants of doctors, stakeholders, and moderators working in the medical tourism field in Nov and Dec 2022 to investigate key success factors for the medical tourism in Busan. Results: The interview identified key target countries and effective strategies such as ease of visa acquisition, non-face-to-face care, insurance billing systems, foreign language expertise, win-win systems for agencies and healthcare organizations, and international accessibility. When participants were asked about their country-specific attraction for patients, they ranked healthcare quality and tourism resources as both important and satisfactory. Although cultural environment, economic support, and administrative support were ranked important, they were less satisfactory. For Japanese patients, the infrastructure showed high levels of importance and satisfaction. Conclusion: This study identified specific items for a new model of patient attraction customized to target countries. This model was based on cultural background and preferences of each target country. Strategies are needed to strengthen the cultural environment and administrative support. Results of this study can be used to promote medical cities through target specific policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32182 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32182/8056

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2099 2108 Yanpeng Wang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China Yinzhen Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China Changwei Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China Wenjun Cai Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130399, China ZhengYan Wang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China Wenhai Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China 2023 03 31 2023 06 02 Background: Sedentary behavior and physical activity are still ambiguous in their effects on osteoarthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on osteoarthritis to provide a reference for the prevention of osteoarthritis. Methods: This study was conducted in Changchun, China in 2022. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization with the SNP as an instrumental variable to investigate the effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on osteoarthritis. In addition, a two-step Mendelian randomization method was used to test whether mediating factors (BMI, smoking, Apolipoprotein B) were involved in mediating the effects of exposure factors on osteoarthritis. Results: TV watching was causally related to knee osteoarthritis and spine osteoarthritis, and they were positively correlated (knee osteoarthritis: OR=1.162,95 %CI: 1.027-1.315, P=0.017; spine osteoarthritis: OR=1.208,95 %CI: 1.033-1.413, P=0.018). BMI played a mediating role in the process of TV watching with knee osteoarthritis and spine osteoarthritis. ((The proportion of BMI mediating effect: knee osteoarthritis: 47.1% (95% CI: 36.7%~63.2%); spine osteoarthritis: 29.5% (95% CI: 19.3%~40.8%)). The proportion of Smoking mediating effect in the process of TV watching with spine osteoarthritis was 16.1% (95% CI: 3.7% ~ 31.6%). Conclusion: TV watching is a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis and plays a role through modifiable factors such as BMI and smoking, therefore, interventions on these factors have the potential to reduce the burden of osteoarthritis caused by longer TV watching times. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31595/8057

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2109 2116 EN Lucia Mazúchová Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia Mária Murínová Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakiaa Simona Kelčíková Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakiaa Erika Maskálová Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakiaa Nora Malinovská Department of Foreign Languages, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia 2021 10 07 2022 09 15 Background: Assessment of quality of life (QoL) during pregnancy can be a starting point for streamlining and promoting the humanization of evidence-based healthcare. We aimed to determine the life quality in pregnant women and its predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women from Slovakia from March 2020 to January 2021. A method of purposive sampling was used. The research sample consisted of 393 women (age 29.11±4.65) with physiological pregnancy. Questionnaire method was used. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of a set of questions focused on identification items, which also represented the investigated predictors. The second part was the standardized questionnaire “Quality Of Life-Gravidity Questionnaire“(QOL-GRAV), with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.74. The received data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The average life quality score was 18.79±5.04, which oscillates at the level of very good life quality. The lower life quality was recorded in connection with physical changes, satisfaction with social life, concerns about childbirth management failure and a need for physical activity reduction. Education (P=0.008), course of pregnancy (P=0.001), support from healthcare professionals (P=0.003) and concerns about COVID-19 (P=0.001) were the predictors of life quality. Conclusion: The proven significant predictors of life quality of pregnant women have shown that healthcare professionals should pay increased attention to the pregnant women with higher education and with problematic pregnancy, positively support and motivate pregnant women and be even more attentivedue to the current COVID-19 pandemic. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26507 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26507/8059

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2117 2127 Deshuai Ren Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Xiaoyu Zhuang Hospital Chief Office, Tailai People's Hospital, Qiqihar 161000, China Yanxin Lv Basic Medicine Department, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China Yun Zhang Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Jiazhi Xu Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Fengquan Gao Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Dagang Chen Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Yu Wang Basic Medicine Department, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China 2023 05 10 2023 09 30 Background: Gliomas are the most frequent and dangerous primary cerebral tumors. Therefore, there is a need to develop molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment for glioma. Methods: In September 2020, we retrieved the expression matrix of glioblastoma (GBM) sufferers and pertinent clinical data from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Prognostic differences between various families with sequence similarity 110 member C (FAM110C) expression groups were assessed by Kaplan-Meier with log-rank testversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pedram Rastegari Department of Health, Safety and Environmental, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Noradin Gharari Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 06 28 2023 11 28 Background: Working in hot environments can cause diseases and reduce performance by upsetting the balance of physiological parameters of workers' bodies. Bakers are among the people exposed to heat stress continuously and daily. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on bakers. Methods: In this review study, the related articles based on keywords were reviewed using “IranMedex”, “Science Direct”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science”, “SID”, “Google Scholar”, and “Magiran” databases from the years 2000 to 2021. The used search terms were "Heat stress", "Heat strain", "Heat exposure", "Heat waves", "Workplace", "Baker", and "health effects". In order to extract the required data, all parts of the articles have been reviewed. Results: Out of the 16 studies reviewed in this study, 43.75% were cross-sectional, 25% were descriptive cross-sectional, and 31.25% were performed according to other study designs. In all of the studies, the WBGT index was used to assess ambient heat stress. In most studies, the mean exposure temperature was higher than the WBGT-ACGIH limit, especially among traditional bakery workers. The findings showed that exposure to thermal stress significantly affects some hematological parameters of blood, oxidative stress, heart rate, and body temperature. Conclusion: The situation of heat stress in the bakery environment is worrying in terms of health and reduced productivity of employees. Therefore, it is essential to take the necessary preventive and control measures to reduce heat stress and the resulting strain. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29132 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29132/8106

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2601 2610 Zhengpeng Yang Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Hao Wu Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Defu Dai Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Yufeng Yuan Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Xueqian Shao Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China 2023 05 09 2023 08 12 Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common cancer happened in gastrointestinal tract, with the overall incidence rate of 4%-5% among human beings. Like most malignancies, we uncovered the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer yet. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecules that can be used as diagnostic maker at early stage. In addition, we also need to define the essential factors that related to the prognosis and treatment of the colon carcinoma. Methods: The study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China in September 2020. The R language was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the diagnostic markers for COAD. The machine learning strategy was used to assess the effectiveness of genes in the diagnosis of COAD. The molecular mechanism and prognostic value of genes were explored by bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments. Results: The expression level of heat shock factor 4 (HSF4) was significantly elevated in COAD patients (P=1.89×10-29), according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, survival analysis showed the higher expression level of the HSF4 was correlated with the poor prognosis in COAD. Conclusion: The HSF4 was the target gene of zinc finger protein 692(ZNF692). HSF4 might promote the progression of COAD through the apoptosis pathway. It was diagnostic and prognosis maker of COAD. Furthermore, the upstream gene of HSF4, ZNF692, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating HSF4 expression. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31971 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31971/8113

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2541 2553 Bahareh Shateri Amiri Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran Neda Sabernia Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behdokht Abouali Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Parya Amini Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran Hadi Rezaeeyan Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran 2023 02 01 2023 05 08 Various factors are effective in the development of minimal residual disease (MRD), one of which is MicroRNAsmiRNAs miRNAs and their dysfunction in gene expression have influential role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Nowadays, treatments that lead to the suppression or replacement of miRNAs have been developed. Focusing on the role of miRNAs in managing the treatment of leukemia, in this review article we have investigated the miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in the process of apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as miRNAs with oncogenic function in malignant leukemia cells. Among the studied miRNAs, miR-99a, and miR-181a play an essential role in apoptosis, proliferation and oncogenesis via AKT, MAPK, RAS, and mTOR signaling pathways. miR-223 and miR-125a affect apoptosis and oncogenesis via Wnt/B-catenin, PTEN/PI3K, and STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling pathways. miR-100 also affects both apoptosis and oncogenesis; it acts via IGF1 and mTOR signaling pathways. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31111/8107

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2611 2620 Hande Bakırhan Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaras Istiklal University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Serap İncedal Irgat Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 2022 11 15 2023 01 15 Background: Dietary pattern may be one of the determinants of cardiovascular health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between a heart-healthy diet, the phytochemical content of a diet, and Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Methods: This study was conducted with healthy volunteers (n=1446) from Turkey between August 2022 and September 2022. As risk assessment systems to determine CVD risks, SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) and ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) were used. We utilized MEDFICTS (Meats, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, Fat in Baked Goods, Convenience Foods, Fats Added at the Table, and Snacks) to establish the suitability of the current diet for heart health, and MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) to examine the Mediterranean diet characteristics of the current diet. The phytochemical content of the diet was determined using the Phytochemical Index method developed by McCarty. Results: The lifetime and 10-year risk scores of SCORE and ASCVD were positively correlated with the MEDFICTS score (r=0.12, P<0.001; r=0.06, P=0.020; r=0.10, P=0.001, respectively). Mediterranean diet characteristics were correlated with lower CVD risk as per the SCORE categories (r=-0.07, P=0.009). A one-unit increase in MEDFICTS scores increased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 1.01 times, while a one-unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score decreased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 0.91 times and 0.95 times, respectively. In addition, high values of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and neck circumference were associated with higher CVD risk (P<0.001). Conclusion: Adopting a Mediterranean diet and a heart-healthy diet may be a good strategy to reduce CVD risks. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30393 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30393/8114

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2621 2629 EN Akram Sadat Ahmadi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Zahra Shafiei–Jandaghi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kaveh Sadeghi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Nejati Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sevrin Zadheidar Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat Mokhtari-Azad Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jila Yavarian 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 28 2023 08 13 Background: Whole viral genome sequencing with next generation sequencing (NGS) technique is useful tool for determining the diversity of variants and mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In this study we have attempted to characterize the mutations and circulating variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran in 2021. Methods: We performed complete genome sequencing of 15 SARS-CoV-2 detected from 15 COVID-19 patients during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic with NGS. Three groups of the patients at the beginning, middle and the end of the 4th wave were compared together. Results: We detected alpha and delta variants during the 4th wave of the pandemic. The results illustrated a dominance of amino acid substitution D614G in spike, and the most frequent mutants were N­-R203K, G204R, S235F, nsp12-P323L, nsp6-G106del, G107del and F108del. Conclusion: The detection of the virus mutations is a useful procedure for identifying the virus behavior and its genetic evolution in order to improve the efficacy of the monitoring strategies and therapeutic measures. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30768/8115

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2630 2642 EN Fatemeh Suri Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdullah Biginaloo School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mehdi Ghadimi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Hossein Dehghan Banadaki Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Hassan Paylakhi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 06 28 2022 09 29 Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a superfamily of extracellular proteinases found in both mammals and invertebrates. Although there is some evidence about the role of ADAMTSs in ocular diseases such as glaucoma and ectopia lentis, but there is little information about the expression patterns of ADAMTS-1-20 and ADAMTS-like (ADAMTSL-1-6 and PAPLN) genes in human ocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiling of ADAMTS(L) superfamily of genes in different ocular tissues based on age. Methods: In 2019, nine human donated eye globes were provided from the Central Eye Bank of Iran, and were divided into three different groups based on age (under 3 yr old, between 20 to 50 and upper 50 yr old). To assess expression patterns of ADAMTS(L) genes in different ocular tissues including trabecular mesh