Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 539 44 Ramya Ramamoorthi 1. School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Rama Jayaraj 2. National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Leonard Notaras 2. National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Mahiban Thomas 3. Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. 2015 10 15 Alcohol - related violence among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (also called as "Indigenous") is a major public health concern in Northern Territory of Australia. There is dearth of epidemiological data that link three contributing epidemics: alcohol misuse, violence, and trauma in the Northern Territory. In this review, we aimed to concentrate on how these epidemics intersect among the Indigenous people in the Northern Territory. In our descriptive review, we have searched published papers, publicly available government and health department reports web sites reporting relevant data on these three risk factors in the Northern Territory. The high rate of family and domestic violence and assaults in the Australian Territory indicates an increased correlation with high risk alcohol use compared to unintentional injuries. Heavy drinking pattern and harmful use of alcohol among Indigenous people are more likely to be associated with the incidence of violent assaults and physical injuries in the Northern Territory. We are trying to emphasize our understanding of co-occurring risk factors on the alcohol - violence relationship and urging a need for interventional approaches to reduce the public health issues in the Northern Territory. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4123 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4123/3781

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 545 55 Saber Azami-Aghdash 1. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Morteza Ghojazadeh 2. Liver & Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Nima Dehdilani 3. Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Marzieh Mohammadi 4. Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Ramin Asl Amin Abad 5. Food & Drug Organization Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 15 Unfortunately, the prevalence of cesarean section has increased in recent years. Whereas awareness of the prevalence and causes is inevitable for planning and effective interventions, so aim of this study has designed and conducted for reviewing of systematic Prevalence and caesarean causes in Iran. In this meta-analysis, the required information have been collected using several keywords which are Cesarean section rate, Cesarean section prevalence, delivery, childhood, childbirth, relative causes, relative frequency, Iran and their Persian equivalents have been collected from databases such as CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Iranmedex. Finally, we found 706 related articles and selected 34 articles among them for studying of cesarean Prevalence. We used CMA software with random model for Meta-Analysis. The prevalence of Cesarean was estimated48%. Using content analysis, Factors influencing the incidence of cesarean section were divided to 3 categories including social and demographic factors, obstetric-medical causes and non-obstetric-medical causes. Maternal education and grand multiparity in the field of demographic and social factors, previous cesarean in the field of obstetric-medical causes and fear of normal-vaginal delivery (NVD) and doctor's suggestion in the field of non-obstetric-medical causes were major causes of Cesarean. According to the high prevalence of caesarean section and it upward development, it seems to be essential designing and implementing of programs and interventions effectiveness including providing of Possibility of painless childbirth and education and psychological interventions, increasing of quality of natural delivery services, proper culture and prohibiting of doctors from Personal opinions and profit. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4109 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4109/3767

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 556 60 Sadegh Khodavaisy 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. Ensieh Zibafar 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Seyed Jamal Hashemi 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 3. Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Hanar Narenji 2. Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. Roshanak Daie Ghazvini 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, primarily of genus Actinomyces, which colonize the mouth, colon and vagina. Mucosal disruption may lead to infection virtually at any sites in the body. The aim of this study was to underline different features of actinomycosis and to represent total data about etiologic agents, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches these infections. From a total of 38 case reports or series, ninety one cases were obtained by using of relevant articles reported as recorded cases in Iran (1972 to 2012). Analyzed data represented 21 cases of oral-servicofacial (23.1%), 7 cases of thoracic (7.7%), 17 cases of abdominal (18.7%), 21 cases of disseminated forms (23.1%) and 25 cases of others (27.5%). Findings indicated more common of these infections in men (61.5%). Actinomyces naeslundii (21 cases) was found as the most common causative agents in comparison with A. Israeli (15 cases), A. viscosus (3 cases) and A. bovis (1 case). The most patients had been successfully treated with penicillin although some cases needed surgery along with antibiotic therapy. Since some clinical features of actinomycosis are similar to malignancies, so the differential diagnosis of invasive forms must be considered. This report emphasizes on the importance of differential diagnosis of actinomycosis from similar diseases by clinicians. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4107 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4107/3765

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 561 71 Abdallah I A Yagub Dept. of Policy and Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa. 2015 10 15 North Darfur State has been affected by conflict since 2003 and the government has not been able to provide adequate curative health services to the people. The government has come to rely on Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to provide curative health services. This study was conducted to examine the existing collaboration between government and NGOs in curative health service delivery in North Darfur State, and to identify the challenges that affect their collaboration.Documentary data were collected from government offices and medical organizations. Primary data were obtained through interviews with government and NGOs representatives. The interviews were conducted with (1) expatriates working for international NGOs (N=15) and (2), health professionals and administrators working in the health sector (N= 45).The collaboration between the government and NGOs has been very weak because of security issues and lack of trust. The NGOs collaborate by providing human and financial resources, material and equipment, and communication facilities. The NGOs supply 70% of curative health services, and contribute 52.9% of the health budget in North Darfur State. The NGOs have employed 1 390 health personnel, established 44 health centres and manage and support 83 health facilities across the State.The NGOs have played a positive role in collaborating with the government in North Darfur State in delivering curative health services, while government's role has been negative. The problem that faces the government in future is how health facilities will be run should a peaceful settlement be reached and NGOs leave the region. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4121 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4121/3779

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 572 8 Zhaoxin Wang 1. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , China ; 2. School of Medicine, Tongji University , China. Rui Liu 1. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , China. Ping Li 3. Zhou Pu Hospital, Shanghai , China. Chenghua Jiang 2. School of Medicine, Tongji University , China. Mo Hao 4. Fudan University , China. 2015 10 15 Given limited health sources, how to make DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups) more feasible is a big question in developing countries. This study contributes to the debate on how to bridge the pay-for-service and DRGs during the transitional period of payment reform.From 2008 to 2012, 20740 patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease were chosen as sample. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the interrelationships between the total medical expenses of the inpatients, and age, gender of the inpatients, length of stay (LOS), region and economic level of the hospitals were examined.The main findings were 1) length of stay (LOS) and the economic level of treatment location had a statistically significant impact on patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease. Meanwhile gender is not a significant factor for both of them. 2) Under the premise of limited resources, developing countries should first narrow down to screen for common and frequently occurring diseases, then study the key factors which affect the treatment cost of the diseases.Based on picking out common diseases and their key factors, Simplification of the DRGs setting process will greatly increase the efficiency of implementing DRGs in the developing world. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4105 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4105/3763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 579 89 Ha-Na Kim Dept. of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea. Sang-Wook Song Dept. of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea. 2015 10 15 We conducted this cross-sectional study to examine the relationships between problematic alcohol drinking, unhealthy habits and socio-demographic factors based on the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV).We analyzed a total of 13,488 participants based on the data collected from the KNHANES IV performed between 2007 and 2009.The frequency of binge and heavy drinking was significantly higher in men and the married participants with intermediate income. The frequency of binge drinking was higher in younger adults and individuals with at least high school graduates. After the adjustment of socio-demographic factors, the odds of current smoking (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.11, 95% CI 3.35-5.03), abdominal obesity (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.48), stress (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.261.68), and depressed mood (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58) were greater in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers. The odds of current smoking (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.42-2.09 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 4.95, 95% CI 4.25-5.77 for frequent binge drinking), obesity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.46-1.85 for frequent binge drinking), and abdominal obesity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.36-1.77 for frequent binge drinking) were increased with the increased frequency of the binge drinking.Our results would be of help for screening a specific subgroup of individuals who are vulnerable to alcohol drinking by establishing effective population-based strategies to reduce the problematic drinking. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4103 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4103/3761

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 590 600 Kang-Ok Cho Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea. 2015 10 15 The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of physical activity levels with sleep duration (SD), and self-rated health (SRH) using the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 and 2011.Overall, 12,188 Korean people were evaluated in relation to meeting guidelines for vigorous PA (MVPA), moderate PA (MMPA), and low PA (MLPA) associated with SD and SRH.The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of males who slept seven hours with MMPA (AOR=0.84) and MLPA (AOR=0.85) and eight hours with MMPA (AOR=0.76) and MLPA (AOR=0.78) significantly decreased compared to subjects who sleep 6 hours/day. In females, an AOR of less than 5 (AOR=1.40) and 6 hours (AOR=1.12) with MVPA was significantly increased compared to 7 hours sleep/day, while sleeping more than 8 hours/day was significantly decreased with MLPA (AOR=0.73). Compared to the very good SHR, the AORs of more negative SHR status with MVPA, MMPA, and MLPA in males and with MMVP and MLVP in females decreased significantly.Sleeping 6-8 hours/day for MMPA and MLPA in males and 7-8 hours/day for MVPA and MLPA in females, and a very good SRH for MVPA, MMPA, and MLPA in males and for MMPA and MLPA in females are recommended to participate physical activity for the Korean population. We therefore, the independent association between PA levels and SD or SRH according to gender supports public health program to participate physical activity for the Korean population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4101 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4101/3759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 601 9 Nurbek Igissinov 1. Republican Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education , Astana, Kazakhstan ; 2. PA "Central Asian Cancer Iy of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Yan Lin CHEN Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Xiao Fang LI Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Chen Yang BIAN Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Li Na TANG Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Si Jin MENG Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, Wuhan, P.R. China Yi Zhen YU Dept. of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Treadmill Measurement of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in  Untrained Students Aged 9-18 Year https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9923 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9923/5721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 612 619 Ioana SCROBOTĂ Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania AND Dept. of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania AND Dept. of Radiobiology and Tumour Biology, ”Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, România Grigore BĂCIUȚ Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania Adriana Gabriela FILIP Dept. of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Bianca TODOR Dept. of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Florin BLAGA Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Mihaela Felicia BĂCIUȚ Dept. of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: The mapping of the malignization mechanism is still incomplete, but oxidative stress is strongly correlated to carcinogenesis. In our research, using fuzzy logic, we aimed to estimate the oxidative stress related-cancerization risk of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Methods: Serum from 16 patients diagnosed (clinical and histopathological) with oral potentially malignant disorders (Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, ”Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania) was processed fluorometric for malondialdehyde and proton donors assays (Dept. of Physiology,”Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania). The values were used as inputs, they were associated linguistic terms using MIN-MAX method and 25 IF-THEN inference rules were generated to estimate the output value, the cancerization risk appreciated on a scale from 1 to 10 - IF malondialdehyde is very high and donors protons are very low THEN the cancer risk is reaching the maximum value (Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania) (2012-2014). Results: We estimated the cancerization risk of the oral potentially malignant disorders by implementing the multi-criteria decision support system based on serum malondialdehyde and proton donors' values. The risk was estimated as a concrete numerical value on a scale from 1 to 10 depending on the input numerical/linguistic value. Conclusion: The multi-criteria decision support system proposed by us, integrated into a more complex computerized decision support system, could be used as an important aid in oral cancer screening and establish future medical decision in oral potentially malignant disorders.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9909 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9909/5705

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 713 714 Ammar NH ALBUJEER Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain AND Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq Abbas TAHER Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq AND Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Dental Education and Oral Health Service in Iraq https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9928 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9928/5722

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 620 625 Chun Mei WANG Bright New District Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Xiao Jing ZHANG Dept. of Pathology, Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Ying Jun MA Bright New District Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Xia LI Bright New District Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Mitochondria are autonomous cellular organelles that oversee a variety of functions such as metabolism, energy production, calcium buffering, and cell fate determination. Most recently, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial mutations played important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the frequency of mitochondrial tRNA mutations in asthma is largely unknown. Methods: Overall, 200 patients with asthma and 100 healthy control subjects were recruited between Jan 2015 and Dec 2015 at the Guangming New District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. We first performed PCR amplification of the mitochondrial tRNA genes and subsequently sequenced the PCR products, and we used the pathogenicity scoring system to evaluate the potential role of these mutations. Results: Two patients carrying the tRNAThr G15927A mutation, three patients carrying the tRNAAla T5655C mutation and one patient carrying the tRNAGlu A14693G mutation, these mutations were absent in healthy controls. Moreover, these mutations located at positions highly conserved between different species, and may cause a failure in mitochondrial tRNA metabolism, consequently result in mitochondrial dysfunction that responsible for asthma. In addition, the pathogenicity scoring system showed that these mutations should be regarded as “pathogenic”. Conclusion: Mitochondrial tRNA mutations caused the mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Thus, this study provided novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying mitochondrial tRNA mutations in asthma. Moreover, screening for the mitochondrial tRNA mutations was advised for the diagnosis of patients with asthma.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9910/5706

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 715 716 Amjad MIRANI International Campus, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kourosh HOLAKOUIE-NAIENI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza MAJDZADEH Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad NEMATOLLAHI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saima BAIG Dept. of Media Studies Social Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Pakistan 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Polio Vaccination of the https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9924 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9924/5723

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 626 633 Shazia IRFAN Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Asima RANI Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Naila RIAZ Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Muhammad ARSHAD Principal, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus, Lahore, Pakistan Syed KASHIF NAWAZ Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Exposure to heavy metals in development of many diseases has been investigated previously, specially created by oxidative stress. The etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still not fully understood but oxidative stress created by heavy metals may have role in development of RA. The aim of present study was to compare serum level of heavy metals in RA and healthy control individuals. Methods: Blood samples of 100 RA patients were collected from different hospitals in district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan and 100 control individuals from Dec 2013 to May 2014.The serum samples were analyzed for determination of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni through Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 6600 Shimadzu). Results: Statistically highly significant difference was observed between RA patients and healthy control individuals for Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni level (P<0.01). The difference between the means of both sexes was not significant for Pb and Cd concentrations (P>0.01). For Cr the difference between the means of both sexes was statistically not significant in RA +ve patients and highly significant difference was observed between both sexes in healthy control group (P<0.01). The difference between the means of both sexes for Ni was statistically non-significant in healthy control group while significant difference was observed between both sexes in RA +ve group (P<0.05). Statistically non-significant difference for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni level was found among the all three age groups of RA and healthy control individuals (P>0.01). Conclusion: Concentration of heavy metals in serum samples of RA patients and healthy control individuals differ significantly, which shows that heavy metals may contributes towards development of RA.   Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Heavy metals, Serum, Pakistan   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9911 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9911/5707

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 717 718 Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shahab REZAEIAN Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Challenges of Achieving Tuberculosis Elimination by 2050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9925 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9925/5724

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 634 639 Lingna SUN Dept. of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China Yan Yu Dept. of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China Xiaoxia QI Dept. of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child-care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: We aimed to evaluate an approach to induced abortions during early pregnancies that controls the suction pressure and restricts the duration of the procedure. Methods: Three hundred patients programmed for induced early pregnancy abortions, hospitalized in the Shandong Provincial Maternity & Child care Hospital from October 2013 to October 2015, were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either research or control group. In the research group, operation pressure was controlled at 400 mmHg and operation time in the uterine cavity was kept at less than 75 s. In the control group, pressure ranged from 400-500 mmHg. Clinical variables were recorded for each patient until the fourth month after surgery, correlation and multivariate analyses were carried. Results: Compared with control group, anesthesia and intervention durations and the suction pressure were significantly lower and the endometrial thickness of the first late follicular phase after operation was significantly larger in the research group (P<0.05). In the first postoperative month, the number of patients who reported menstruation flow decreased by more than 1/3 of its normal volume was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). In the third postoperative month, the thickness of the late follicular phase endometrium was significantly larger than that in the control group (P<0.001). The mean intraoperative pressure and intrauterine operation duration both influenced the endometrial thickness of follicular phase. Conclusion: Controlling the suction pressure and time for vacuum aspiration abortions during early pregnancies can reduce the incidence of intrauterine adhesions and better protect the endometrium.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9912 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9912/5709

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 719 720 Reza DEHNAVIEH Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hamed RAHIMI Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Basic Health Insurance Package in Iran: Revision Challenges https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9926 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9926/5725

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 640 649 Fatemeh ZAREI Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahnaz SOLHI Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Effat MERGHATI-KHOEI Iranian National Center of Addiction Studies (INCAS), Sexual and Family Health Division, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein TAGHDISI Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davoud SHOJAEIZADEH Dept. of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ann Rosemary TAKET Center for Health Through Action on Social Exclusion, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Razieh MASOOMI Dept. of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saharnaz NEDJAT Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Divorce, especially in women, could be assessed from socio-cultural perspective as well as psychological viewpoint. This assessment requires cultural adopted as well as valid and reliable questionnaire. This study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a questionnaire in order to address social consequences in Iranian divorced women. Methods: This was an exploratory mixed method study conducted during 2012 to 2014. According to the grounded theory approach in the first phase, social exclusion was extracted as a core of understanding process in participants. Based on, 47 preliminary generated items reliability and validity were assessed. In the second phase, the divorced women were recruited from a safe community center in Tehran through convenience sampling. Results: Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the questionnaires of 150 divorced women with mean age 41.76±8.49 yr, in that, indicated five dimensions, discriminative marital status, economic dependence on marital status, exclusionary marital status, and traumatic marital status health risks and, frightening marital status that jointly accounted for the 64% of the variance observed. An expert panel approved the face and content validity of the developed tool. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient were found to be 0.70 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provided a valid and reliable measure as Social Exclusion Questionnaire in Iranian divorced women (SEQ-IDW) to address social post-divorce consequences, which might help to improve women’s social health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9913 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9913/5710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 721 723 Peyman REZAEI-HACHESU Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Leila ZYAEI Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hadi HASSANKHANI Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Determining the Requirements and Barriers for Using Barcode Technology in the Hospitals of Tabriz, Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9927 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9927/5726

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 650 658 Aymen ELSOUS Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Quality Improvement and Infection Control Office, Shifa Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine Ali AKBARI SARI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud RADWAN Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samah MOHSEN Quality Improvement and Infection Control Office, Shifa Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine Hatem A BU ZAYDEH Al Mustaqbal Research Center, Gaza Strip, Palestine 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: The Jefferson Scale of Attitude toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC) has been used to measure the attitude regarding collaboration between nurses and physicians. The aim of this preliminary study was to test the reliability and validity of an Arabic version of the questionnaire and adapt it for use in Palestine. Methods: Forward-backward translation of guidelines provided in the literature was followed. Content validity was examined by nine health experts and reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s coefficient alpha; test-retest reliability. Construct validity was explored with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by means of survey among 414 physicians and nurses worked at Shifa Medical Complex in the Gaza Strip in 2015. Results: Response rate was 65% and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 73.2 for the entire sample. Test-retest reliability was 0.79 measured by Pearson correlation. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation revealed four factors explained 60.5% of the variance in the responses labeled as physician-nurse collaboration, doctor’s authority, Shared education and Nursing role in-patient care. Goodness of fit indices from the CFA showed a satisfactory model of fit; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.89; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.03; and Hoelter index = 206. Conclusion: The Arabic version of JSAPNC is psychometrically sound tool with satisfactory measurement characteristics including validity and internal consistency reliability. Future research is required to replicate these findings with larger and representative sample. Generalization to Arab speaking countries can be considered but with caution.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9914 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9914/5711

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 659 670 Mansoor ALETAHA Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Dept. of Pathobiology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Behzad MANSOORI Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Ali MOHAMMADI Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehdi FAZELI Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Behzad BARADARAN Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer among women in the world. Snail1 plays a role in the development of the invasive phenotypes of cancer, neural cell differentiation, cell division and apoptosis in tumor cells. Traces of snail1 in metastasis of breast cancer to bone are observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of specific snail1 siRNAs on the proliferation, migration, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of MDA-MB-468 cells. Methods: In 2015, this experimental study was performed on the MDA-MB-468 cell lines in Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. After the design and construction of siRNA, transfection was performed with transfection reagent. The expression levels of mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The survival of cells was determined by using MTT assay cells, apoptosis using Tunel assay, Cell migration using scratch assay, Cell cycle analysis by Propidium Iodide (PI) DNA staining method using flow cytometry on the MDA-MB-468. Results: Transfection with siRNA significantly suppressed the expression of snail1 gene in dose-dependent manner after 48 h (P<0.0001). Surprisingly, treatment with snail1 siRNA arrested cell cycle in S phases (P<0.0001). Moreover, siRNA transfection had effects on breast adenocarcinoma cells and inhibited the migration (P<0.0001), proliferation (P<0.0001) and induced apoptosis (P<0.0016). Conclusion: The snail1 can be considered as a potent adjuvant in breast cancer therapy.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9915 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9915/5712

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 5 2017 05 09 671 676 Hedayat SALARI Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran AND Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Abbas MOTEVALIAN Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad ARAB Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefeh ESFANDIARI Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Ali AKBARI SARI Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 09 2017 05 09 Background: Injuries and fatalities from road traffic Injuries are global public health concerns, and a major problem in the Iran. This study aimed to explore strategies to control road traffic Injuries (RTI) in Iran. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study to explore possible ways to reduce the occurrence of road traffic Injuries in Iran in 2016. Interviewees were purposively sampled from various sectors due to multidisciplinary nature of RTIs. Participants were mainly representatives from the police, Ministry of Road, Municipal, emergency services and Ministry of Health. Besides, public health authorities, researchers, and university professors were interviewed. We conducted in-depth interviews using generic guides. Data was analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software. Through content analysis, we interpreted core themes relevant to the accomplishment of our study objectives. Results: Themes that emerged from our study include; road traffic management, governance, education, improving accident database, enforcement, driving license restrictions, and construction of pedestrian overpass. Conclusion: This study revealed key informants’ views regarding available and affordable solutions to reduce RTIs in Iran. Many applicable strategies are identified in the control of RTIs in Iran. Although some solutions such as highway construction and/or expanding rail transportation have been suggested as effective measures for reducing accident, but they are costly and may not be fully applied in developing countries like Iran.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/9916 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/9916/5713