Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 539 44 Ramya Ramamoorthi 1. School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Rama Jayaraj 2. National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Leonard Notaras 2. National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. Mahiban Thomas 3. Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory , Australia. 2015 10 15 Alcohol - related violence among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (also called as "Indigenous") is a major public health concern in Northern Territory of Australia. There is dearth of epidemiological data that link three contributing epidemics: alcohol misuse, violence, and trauma in the Northern Territory. In this review, we aimed to concentrate on how these epidemics intersect among the Indigenous people in the Northern Territory. In our descriptive review, we have searched published papers, publicly available government and health department reports web sites reporting relevant data on these three risk factors in the Northern Territory. The high rate of family and domestic violence and assaults in the Australian Territory indicates an increased correlation with high risk alcohol use compared to unintentional injuries. Heavy drinking pattern and harmful use of alcohol among Indigenous people are more likely to be associated with the incidence of violent assaults and physical injuries in the Northern Territory. We are trying to emphasize our understanding of co-occurring risk factors on the alcohol - violence relationship and urging a need for interventional approaches to reduce the public health issues in the Northern Territory. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4123 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4123/3781

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 545 55 Saber Azami-Aghdash 1. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Morteza Ghojazadeh 2. Liver & Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Nima Dehdilani 3. Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Marzieh Mohammadi 4. Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. Ramin Asl Amin Abad 5. Food & Drug Organization Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 15 Unfortunately, the prevalence of cesarean section has increased in recent years. Whereas awareness of the prevalence and causes is inevitable for planning and effective interventions, so aim of this study has designed and conducted for reviewing of systematic Prevalence and caesarean causes in Iran. In this meta-analysis, the required information have been collected using several keywords which are Cesarean section rate, Cesarean section prevalence, delivery, childhood, childbirth, relative causes, relative frequency, Iran and their Persian equivalents have been collected from databases such as CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Iranmedex. Finally, we found 706 related articles and selected 34 articles among them for studying of cesarean Prevalence. We used CMA software with random model for Meta-Analysis. The prevalence of Cesarean was estimated48%. Using content analysis, Factors influencing the incidence of cesarean section were divided to 3 categories including social and demographic factors, obstetric-medical causes and non-obstetric-medical causes. Maternal education and grand multiparity in the field of demographic and social factors, previous cesarean in the field of obstetric-medical causes and fear of normal-vaginal delivery (NVD) and doctor's suggestion in the field of non-obstetric-medical causes were major causes of Cesarean. According to the high prevalence of caesarean section and it upward development, it seems to be essential designing and implementing of programs and interventions effectiveness including providing of Possibility of painless childbirth and education and psychological interventions, increasing of quality of natural delivery services, proper culture and prohibiting of doctors from Personal opinions and profit. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4109 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4109/3767

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 556 60 Sadegh Khodavaisy 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. Ensieh Zibafar 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Seyed Jamal Hashemi 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 3. Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Hanar Narenji 2. Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran. Roshanak Daie Ghazvini 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, primarily of genus Actinomyces, which colonize the mouth, colon and vagina. Mucosal disruption may lead to infection virtually at any sites in the body. The aim of this study was to underline different features of actinomycosis and to represent total data about etiologic agents, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches these infections. From a total of 38 case reports or series, ninety one cases were obtained by using of relevant articles reported as recorded cases in Iran (1972 to 2012). Analyzed data represented 21 cases of oral-servicofacial (23.1%), 7 cases of thoracic (7.7%), 17 cases of abdominal (18.7%), 21 cases of disseminated forms (23.1%) and 25 cases of others (27.5%). Findings indicated more common of these infections in men (61.5%). Actinomyces naeslundii (21 cases) was found as the most common causative agents in comparison with A. Israeli (15 cases), A. viscosus (3 cases) and A. bovis (1 case). The most patients had been successfully treated with penicillin although some cases needed surgery along with antibiotic therapy. Since some clinical features of actinomycosis are similar to malignancies, so the differential diagnosis of invasive forms must be considered. This report emphasizes on the importance of differential diagnosis of actinomycosis from similar diseases by clinicians. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4107 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4107/3765

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 561 71 Abdallah I A Yagub Dept. of Policy and Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa. 2015 10 15 North Darfur State has been affected by conflict since 2003 and the government has not been able to provide adequate curative health services to the people. The government has come to rely on Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to provide curative health services. This study was conducted to examine the existing collaboration between government and NGOs in curative health service delivery in North Darfur State, and to identify the challenges that affect their collaboration.Documentary data were collected from government offices and medical organizations. Primary data were obtained through interviews with government and NGOs representatives. The interviews were conducted with (1) expatriates working for international NGOs (N=15) and (2), health professionals and administrators working in the health sector (N= 45).The collaboration between the government and NGOs has been very weak because of security issues and lack of trust. The NGOs collaborate by providing human and financial resources, material and equipment, and communication facilities. The NGOs supply 70% of curative health services, and contribute 52.9% of the health budget in North Darfur State. The NGOs have employed 1 390 health personnel, established 44 health centres and manage and support 83 health facilities across the State.The NGOs have played a positive role in collaborating with the government in North Darfur State in delivering curative health services, while government's role has been negative. The problem that faces the government in future is how health facilities will be run should a peaceful settlement be reached and NGOs leave the region. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4121 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4121/3779

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 572 8 Zhaoxin Wang 1. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , China ; 2. School of Medicine, Tongji University , China. Rui Liu 1. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , China. Ping Li 3. Zhou Pu Hospital, Shanghai , China. Chenghua Jiang 2. School of Medicine, Tongji University , China. Mo Hao 4. Fudan University , China. 2015 10 15 Given limited health sources, how to make DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups) more feasible is a big question in developing countries. This study contributes to the debate on how to bridge the pay-for-service and DRGs during the transitional period of payment reform.From 2008 to 2012, 20740 patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease were chosen as sample. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the interrelationships between the total medical expenses of the inpatients, and age, gender of the inpatients, length of stay (LOS), region and economic level of the hospitals were examined.The main findings were 1) length of stay (LOS) and the economic level of treatment location had a statistically significant impact on patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease. Meanwhile gender is not a significant factor for both of them. 2) Under the premise of limited resources, developing countries should first narrow down to screen for common and frequently occurring diseases, then study the key factors which affect the treatment cost of the diseases.Based on picking out common diseases and their key factors, Simplification of the DRGs setting process will greatly increase the efficiency of implementing DRGs in the developing world. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4105 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4105/3763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 579 89 Ha-Na Kim Dept. of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea. Sang-Wook Song Dept. of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, South Korea. 2015 10 15 We conducted this cross-sectional study to examine the relationships between problematic alcohol drinking, unhealthy habits and socio-demographic factors based on the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV).We analyzed a total of 13,488 participants based on the data collected from the KNHANES IV performed between 2007 and 2009.The frequency of binge and heavy drinking was significantly higher in men and the married participants with intermediate income. The frequency of binge drinking was higher in younger adults and individuals with at least high school graduates. After the adjustment of socio-demographic factors, the odds of current smoking (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.11, 95% CI 3.35-5.03), abdominal obesity (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.48), stress (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.261.68), and depressed mood (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58) were greater in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers. The odds of current smoking (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.42-2.09 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 4.95, 95% CI 4.25-5.77 for frequent binge drinking), obesity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.46-1.85 for frequent binge drinking), and abdominal obesity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43 for infrequent binge drinking and aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.36-1.77 for frequent binge drinking) were increased with the increased frequency of the binge drinking.Our results would be of help for screening a specific subgroup of individuals who are vulnerable to alcohol drinking by establishing effective population-based strategies to reduce the problematic drinking. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4103 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4103/3761

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 590 600 Kang-Ok Cho Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea. 2015 10 15 The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of physical activity levels with sleep duration (SD), and self-rated health (SRH) using the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 and 2011.Overall, 12,188 Korean people were evaluated in relation to meeting guidelines for vigorous PA (MVPA), moderate PA (MMPA), and low PA (MLPA) associated with SD and SRH.The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of males who slept seven hours with MMPA (AOR=0.84) and MLPA (AOR=0.85) and eight hours with MMPA (AOR=0.76) and MLPA (AOR=0.78) significantly decreased compared to subjects who sleep 6 hours/day. In females, an AOR of less than 5 (AOR=1.40) and 6 hours (AOR=1.12) with MVPA was significantly increased compared to 7 hours sleep/day, while sleeping more than 8 hours/day was significantly decreased with MLPA (AOR=0.73). Compared to the very good SHR, the AORs of more negative SHR status with MVPA, MMPA, and MLPA in males and with MMVP and MLVP in females decreased significantly.Sleeping 6-8 hours/day for MMPA and MLPA in males and 7-8 hours/day for MVPA and MLPA in females, and a very good SRH for MVPA, MMPA, and MLPA in males and for MMPA and MLPA in females are recommended to participate physical activity for the Korean population. We therefore, the independent association between PA levels and SD or SRH according to gender supports public health program to participate physical activity for the Korean population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4101 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4101/3759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 601 9 Nurbek Igissinov 1. Republican Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education , Astana, Kazakhstan ; 2. PA "Central Asian Cancer ISciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 191 192 George IMATAKA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2020 01 07 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19382 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19382/6647

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 181 185 Alireza BADIRZADEH Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saber RAEGHI Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Vahid FALLAH-OMRANI Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila ROUHANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The main objective of the current study was to investigate on the cryopreservation of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus, a causative agent of cystic hydatidosis in man. Methods:  This study was conducted on isolated protoscoleces from hydatid cysts infected livers collected from slaughterhouse of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by dye test. Cryopreservation of isolated protoscoleces in the presence of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol using a three-step cooling protocol involving an initial period at -20 °C, -80 °C and liquid nitrogen was performed. Results: The mean viability rate of 10% DMSO and 15% glycerol were 9% and 8% respectively. The protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus have been successfully thawed and recovered after 6 months storage in liquid nitrogen. Conclusion: Cryopreservation method needs to be improved for each species of helminthes and can be useful for other immunological and laboratorial studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19377 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19377/6644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 37 45 Qing LU Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, P.R. China 2020 01 07 Background: Continuously deeper reform of public hospitals has put forward the need to innovate the philosophy and system of large medical equipment operation and management, and the phenomenon featuring “more attention to purchasing and less attention to management” need to be turned around. Methods: This research took use of information management to set up ID fields (unique number) for target stand-alone equipment; integrated statistics functions of HIS, PACS, LIS, RIS and equipment management system to get the basic operation data; informationized the work flow and reform technology to set up a post evaluation indictor system for the performance of stand-alone equipment; compared the service condition of newly purchased equipment with the feasibility application of relative department from various dimensions; designed objective post-evaluation indicators from various angles to scientifically manage existing medical equipment and support decision-making of new application for purchasing medical equipment. Results: Application performance of stand-alone equipment and clinical departments were ranked in a standardized manner. Decision-making mode based on data case of stand-alone equipment was set up. Net present value was evaluated. However, re-purchasing the instrument did not continuously increase the contribution of each instrument. The laboratory can purchase new instruments again, while the imaging department is not recommended to purchase. Conclusion: The performance evaluation mechanism based on information construction for large stand-alone medical equipment and its support for decision-making of purchasing is of great significance to improve the service life of equipment, exert the maximum effect and reduce economic waste. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19357 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19357/6628

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 193 195 Ahasanul HAQUE Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Naila ANWAR Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Farzana YASMIN Faculty of Science, Lincoln University, Jalan Stadium, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia Arun KUMAR TAROFDER Faculty of Business Management and Professional Studies, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Nazmul Mohammad Hassan MAZIZ Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS, Perdana, Malaysia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19384/6648

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 46 55 Se-Young JU Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea 2020 01 07 Background: The quality of out-of-home foods is an increasingly important issue due to increasing popularity of eating out. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of eating-out frequency with general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes among Korean adults. Methods: This study collected data from 2010- 2015 KNHANES. The total number of participants was 33,427 Korean adults aged 19 years and older. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software version 9.3.  Results: Eating-out more frequently was associated with younger, unmarried, employed, urban resident, higher income, higher education, and being male. Regarding dietary behavior, subjects with skipping breakfast and taking snack behavior showed a tendency to eat out more frequently. Meanwhile, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium intake were higher in subjects with ≥ 5/week eating-out frequency than those in subjects with < 5/week eating-out frequency. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the effect of targeted public health education and policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19359/6629

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 196 197 Hengjun JIANG Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China Xingling CHEN The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Yuxiu HU The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Feng TAO The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19385/6649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 56 67 Chunyan QIU Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yue ZHANG Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Longhua CHEN Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 2020 01 07 Background: Risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined by genetic predisposition and environmental factors that often co-occur and interact, resulting in diversiform biological reactions. The present study attempted to investigate transcriptome alteration and adaptation associated with CRC progression. Methods: The study consisted of patients who presented at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China with a colonic neoplasm in 1992-2004. Microarray GSE41258 of the study was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus and 253 included microarrays were categorized by groups of normal colon, early primary tumor, lymph node metastases primary tumor, advanced primary tumor and distant metastases. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) was applied to discover tumor grade-dependent gene expression patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to explore functional enrichment of differential expression genes (DEGs). Results: Overall, 2870 significant DEGs were screened out on all groups. Six significant grade-dependent gene expression patterns were statistically significant. DEGs in all significant patterns were mainly assembled in GO terms of metastases and deterioration of tumor, epithelial proteins and cytokines, and protein binding and bridging. DEGs in profile 0 down-regulated with higher tumor grade, prominently enriched in KEGG pathways of metabolism. Conclusion: Besides many well-known colorectal cancer-related pathways, DEGs of profiles especially those down-regulated with CRC progression, clustered in various metabolic pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, as well as xenobiotics biotransformation that link to tumorigenesis, demonstrating the impairment of physiological metabolic pathways in the context of tumor progression. These results gave a high potential for therapeutic strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19360/6630

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 198 200 Yong-Keum CHOI Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science and Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea Jin-Sun CHOI Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19386/6650

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 68 76 Nurbek IGISSINOV Department of Surgical Diseases № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Science and Analytic, International High School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Alma AUBAKIROVA Republican Center for Health Development, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Galiya ORAZOVA Department of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulnur AKPOLATOVA 1. Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2. Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Saltanat URAZOVA Department of General Medical Practice № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Dinar Tarzhanova Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Akmaral ZHANTUREYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Yerlan KUANDYKOV Department of Family Medicine, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 2020 01 07 Background: As a result of the road traffic accidents 1.25 mln. of working-age people die each year on the roads. Frequency of the RTA is 11 times higher in our country than in Europe, that influence on demographic and economic situation in the republic. Creation of the math modeling and prediction of traffic mortality rate in Kazakhstan will allow to develop measure on its decrease. Methods: Short-term dotted prediction of population mortality level of Kazakhstan was used, in particular – methods of regressive analysis. General prognosis throughout the country up to 2021 was made on the basis of data for 1999-2018. The more relevant method for prediction is exponential function taking into account the features of mortality rate level trend. Results: Prediction of traffic fatalities without division into the age-related groups for 2019 is 2132±181 case with a probability 2/3. Expected levels for 2020-2027 cases, for 2021-1927 cases. Annual mortality decrease rate according to the 0-19 age-related at an average is 6.4% among men and 5.8% among women, according to age group as a whole – by 6.2%; from 20 up to 64 age related group – 5.1 % on all population category; older 65 age –group is by 2.2 %, 3.7 % among men, 2.9% among women as a whole. Conclusion: In the foreseeable future the number of traffic deaths in Kazakhstan will tend to decrease at a slower pace. Mortality rates due to road traffic accidents among working-age men will be 3 times higher than women in this age group. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19361/6631

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 201 202 Ammar N.H. ALBUJEER Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq AND School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain AND School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza KHAMI School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alya ALMAHAFDHA School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19387/6651

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 77 85 Mehdi BAGHERI Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mozhgan FAZLI School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Sara SAEEDNIA School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Majid GHOLAMI KHARANAGH Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Naghmeh AHMADIANKIA School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran AND Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: We aimed to assess the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on breast cancer cell migration and also its effect on the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and β-catenin. Methods: This study was performed in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran from 2017- 2018. In this experimental study, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of SFN (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μM) at different time points of 24, 48, and 72 h. The control group was untreated cells. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of SFN on cell migration at different time points were evaluated using scratch assay. Moreover, apoptosis was assessed by using flow cytometric analysis. The expression of βcatenin and EMT markers of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 were determined by real-time PCR. Western blotting analysis of β-catenin was applied to determine its changes after SFN treatment Results: SFN markedly inhibited the migration of cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40µM after 24, 48, and 72 h. At relatively, high concentrations (30, 40µM), SFN induced apoptosis. Moreover, SFN reduced the gene expression of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 after 72 h. The expression of β-catenin revealed a time-dependent decrease at the concentration of 40 µM SFN. Conclusion: Downregulation of EMT markers and β-catenin showed accordance with the inhibition of migration. SFN could be a promising drug candidate to reduce metastasis in breast cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19363 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19363/6632

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 203 205 Arlin ADAM Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia Andi ALIM Department of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia Dedy MAULANA Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19388/6652

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 86 95 Hossein MIRZAEI HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Zhaleh ABDI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham AHMADNEZHAD National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshad GOHRIMEHR National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham ABDALMALEKI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rezvaneh ALVANDI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj HARIRCHI School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of the Iranians following the sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) introduction and the recent health reform implementation in Iran and to compare with those of the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) and global average. Methods: This comparative study used secondary data to investigate socio-demographic and health status indicators. The sources included census, population-based surveys and death registries. Global and regional health status indicators were obtained from international databases including WHO, the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metric and Evaluation (IHME). Results: Life expectancy and human development index improved following the reform implementation. Among causes of death, 74.6% were attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There was an increasing trend in risk factors for NCDs in Iran, while at the same time neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates reduced. Compared to the MENA, Iran has a lower maternal mortality ratio, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality rates, and a higher life expectancy. NCDs and road traffic injuries accounted for a larger portion of disability-adjusted life years in Iran compared to the MENA and worldwide. Conclusion: Actions against communicable diseases and road traffic injuries are required together with continued efforts to address NCDs. Although based on the results, Iran has relatively high rankings, there is a need ‎to develop a roadmap to accelerate achieving global health goals and SDGs targets.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19365/6633

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 206 208 Ensiyeh JENABI Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Salman KHAZAEI Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2020 01 08 NO Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19389/6653

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 96 103 Laleh HOVEIDA Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Behrooz ATAEI Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Nour AMIRMOZAFARI Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra NOORMOHAMMADI Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species and their enterotoxin-encoding genes in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied in some developing countries. This study aimed to assess the frequency of Staphylococcus spp. and their related virulence factors in foodstuffs in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: Overall, 139 foodstuff samples, collected from Isfahan City (center of Iran) from Sep 2015 to Oct 2016, were processed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. using standard bacteriological procedures and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and prevalence of mecA and toxin-encoded genes (sea, seb, sed, see and tsst1) were tested for all of the Staphylococcal isolates. Results: Forty-four Gram-positive cocci were recovered from 139 dairy and meat samples. The most prevalent species were S. vitulinus 25.0% (11/44) and S. aureus 20.5% (9/44); respectively. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance was noted towards penicillin, cefoxitin and tetracycline. The sec, sea, see and tsst1 genes were found in 19%, 9.5%, 3.5%, and 3.5% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Numerous virulence factors were detected in different Staphylococcus spp. isolated from foodstuffs, more attention should be paid to the presence of the bacteria. Proper hygienic and management practices should be considered in order to increase food safety and prevent extra treatment costs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19366 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19366/6634

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 209 210 Fatemeh RAZAVI Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AND Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara SHEIKHOLESLAMI Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan ZARIF YEGANEH Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh NAJI Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi HEDAYATI Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19390 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19390/6654

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 104 113 Shirin DJALALINIA Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran AND Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bagher TALEI Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Abbas NAJJARI Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza BAGHERI Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Shahin AKHONDZADEH Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran AND Psychiatric Rese