Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1316 23 Božidar Banović Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. Veljko Turanjanin Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. 2015 10 15 Background Euthanasia is one of the most intriguing ethical, medical and law issues that marked whole XX century and beginning of the XXI century, sharply dividing scientific and unscientific public to its supporters and opponents. It also appears as one of the points where all three major religions (Catholic, Orthodox, and Islamic) have the same view. They are strongly against legalizing mercy killing, emphasizing the holiness of life as a primary criterion by which the countries should start in their considerations. Studying criminal justice systems in the world, the authors concluded that the issue of deprivation of life from compassion is solved on three ways. On the first place, we have countries where euthanasia is murder like any other murder from the criminal codes. Second, the most numerous are states where euthanasia is murder committed under privilege circumstances. On the third place, in the Western Europe we have countries where euthanasia is a legal medical procedure, under requirements prescribed by the law. In this paper, authors have made a brief comparison of the solutions that exist in some Islamic countries, where euthanasia is a murder, with Western countries, where it represents completely decriminalized medical procedure. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3896 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3896/3559

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1324 34 Fatemeh Hosseini 1. Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nikmatul Adha 1. Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Rosilawati Zainol 1. Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Marzuki Isahak 1. Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nahid Nemati 2. Dept. of Geography, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The main objective was to find association between basal cortisol and neighborhood-level stress. Systematic searches, including electronic and hand searches, were conducted. The most recent date of the search was July 26, 2013. Primary observational studies included if they considered stress related outcomes in the neighborhood context. Using the EndNote X7 advanced search option; the authors examined the abstracts and titles of the 18,092 articles to exclude obviously irrelevant studies, gray literature, discussion papers, reviews and, studies with no complete data. Two authors independently extracted data from the original reports into pre-designed data extraction forms based on the Data Extraction Template of the Cochrane Consumer and Communication Review Group (CCCRG). Ten studies with a total of 2,134 participants were synthesized and analyzed. Two studies out of ten received expanded meta-analysis. The overall effect size (95% CI) for cortisol level for residents in neighborhoods with lower stress compared to inhabitants from higher was 0.12 (0.01, 0.23). This review is demonstrating a link between psychosocial or physical stress and cortisol obtained from saliva. However, living in high disorder neighborhoods results in higher level of cortisol. This represents a biological indicator of psychosocial/physical stress exposure (i.e., neighborhood disorder) that reflects variances in stress exposure levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3890 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3890/3553

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1335 44 Naimeh Seyedfatemi 1. Dept. of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Center for Nursing Care Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Mahvash Salsali 2. Tehran, Iran. Nasrin Rezaee 2. Tehran, Iran. Zahra Rahnavard 2. Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 It is necessary to identify unidentified or less- concentrated issues in women's health dimension through an extended study. This study is done to identify different dimensions of women's health among qualitative research.The present meta-synthesis study is done through a systematic review. The main criteria were to use qualitative studies issued in the same language and researches in which their participants were women. All the published and indexed articles related to women's health in Iran at SID, Magiran and Iranmedex databases from 2001 to 2013 were scrutinized. Search in these databases was done using key words "health" and "women". Finally, 29 qualitative articles were chosen. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis.Generally, concepts extracted from women's health dimension are classified in three main categories including personal, familial and social dimensions. Each category includes some subcategories, too. Personal factors consist of physical, psychological -emotional and spiritual; familial factors consist of fertility, husband's support and women's fundamental roles, and social factors consist of cultural, socioeconomically support, and women's management issues.In this meta-synthesis study, there was an effort to present a new interpretation of the previous studies. This study helped attain a more comprehensive and deeper knowledge about women's health concept and reveal its different aspects, which are not assessed in the country. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3888 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3888/3551

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1345 55 Liya Liu 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, China . ; 2. Dept. of Medical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua, China. Lizhang Chen 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, China . Zhanzhan Li 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, China . Liang Li 3. Medical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya, Central South University , Changsha, China. Jian Qu 4. The Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha, China. Jing Xue 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, China . 2015 10 15 There are much heterogeneity in the genetic variation of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of seven novel genetic loci identified in a recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with T2D in Chinese Dong populations.A case-controlled study was performed in individuals of Chinese Dong nationality. The genotypes of PARD3B (rs849230), LOC729993 (rs149228), EPHA4 (rs16862811), HNT (rs3099797), PTPRD (rs17584499 and rs649891), TOMM7 (rs2240727) genes were determined using Multiplex PCR-SNaPshot. The independent association between each polymorphism and T2D was assessed using unconditional binary logistic regression analysis (BLR).A total of 136 cases of T2D and 136 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The polymorphism of rs2240727 in TOMM7 gene was associated with T2D (odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, per copy of the risk T allele, P = 0.004). In addition, CT and TT were risk genotypes for T2D (OR (95% CIs):2.64 (1.28-5.45) and 3.42 (1.58-7.41) respectively). After correcting for multiple testing, the above results remained significant (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for the confounders of age, gender, and BMI, the association between T2D and rs2240727 remained significant (P < 0.01). There were significantly statistical difference in levels of fasting plasm glucose(FPG) among genotypes of rs2240727 in controls and patients, the levels of FPG were significantly higher in CT and TT genotypes than in CC genotype in both groups (all P < 0.05).The rs2240727 genetic variant in TOMM7 was associated with T2D of Chinese Dong individuals, and might enhance the risk of T2D by affecting the level of FPG. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3886 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3886/3549

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1356 63 Salem Alkoshi 1. Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kacey Ernst 2. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, the University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona State, USA. Namaitijiang Maimaiti 3. International Institute for Global Health, United Nations University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Maznah Dahlui 1. Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2015 10 15 Rotavirus is a common infection causing 450,000 deaths annually primarily in children 5 years and below. Despite the high burden of disease, little is known about the epidemiology of rotavirus in Libya. The aim of this study was to estimate the rotavirus disease burden among Libyan children.A cross-sectional study was carried out prospectively among children 5 years old and below between August 2012 and April 2013. Stool samples of children with diarrhea attending the outpatient department or admitted to the pediatric wards, at three public hospitals within the northwestern region of Libya were tested for rotavirus. The seasonality, symptomology demographics and outcomes of rotavirus cases were determined and compared to other diarrhea illnesses. An estimated incidence rate per 100,000 children aged 5 years and below was determined.A total of 545 children with diarrhea were identified for participation. Results of rotavirus immunoassays determined 57% of cases were caused by rotavirus. Inpatients were more likely to be rotavirus positive than outpatients (58% vs. 53%, P<0.05), Most rotavirus positive cases (86%) were found among children below 2 years of age. Rotaviral cases peaked in the winter, constituting 76% of diarrheal illness in February and very few rotavirus cases in the summer months. The incidence rate of rotavirus diarrhea was estimated at 640/100,000 children aged 5 years and below.Rotavirus infection poses a significant disease burden in Libya. Preventive measures such as proper hygiene should be emphasized. Introduction of vaccination against rotavirus into the national immunization program should be examined, as it would likely be a cost-effective investment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3884 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3884/3547

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1364 71 Mojgan Aryaeipour 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Soheila Rouhani 2. Dept. Of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Mojgan Bandehpour 2. Dept. Of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Hadi Mirahmadi 1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Bahram Kazemi 2. Dept. Of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Bagher Rokni 3. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 4. Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 The aim of this study was to detect the genotype of Fasciola spp. in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran in different hosts using PCR-RFLP.The parasite hosts included cattle, and sheep. Overall, 70 adult flukes from livers of slaughtered animals were collected from the abattoirs of aforementioned area. The included 35 samples from infected sheep and 35 samples from 35 infected cattle. PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of the first nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS 1) region from Fasciola species were used to conduct the study.The fragment of approximately 700bp in all of the Fasciola samples was amplified. PCR products of ITS 1 were subjected for digestion by restriction enzyme. RsaI restriction enzyme was selected for RFLP method that caused the separation specifically of Fasciola species. Amplicons with the sequences of F. hepatica had a pattern of about 360, 100, and 60 bp band size, whereas F. gigantica worms had a profile of 360, 170, and 60 bp in size, respectively. Results based on PCR-RFLP analysis were confirmed by sequence analysis of representative ITS 1 amplicons. No hybrid forms were detected in the present study. All sheep were infected with F. hepatica but cattle were infected with both species.Both species of Fasciola are present in Ardabil. The method described here can be valuable for identification of Fasciola species in endemic parts for fasciolosis, regions with intermediate species and in that overlapping distribution area. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3882 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3882/3545

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 10 2014 10 15 1372 9 Maliheh Arab 1. Dept. of Gynecology-Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Giti Noghabaei 2. Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Female cancer, especially breast and gynecologic cancers are considered multistage disease, highly influenced by risk and protective factors and/or screening preventive modalities. Consequences of all these factors result in the trend of change over time.In this comparative study, based on data of national cancer registry of Iran 2004 published by Iranian Ministry of Health, age - standard incidence rate (ASR) according to the world population was calculated in all reported gynecologic and breast cancers. Source of all subjects are pathologic based. In the next step, the calculated ASR of Iran and those of the other countries in 2004 were compared to GLOBOCAN ASR reports of 2008.In Iran ASR of breast cancer 2004 (24.93) changed to 18.4 in 2008. Ovarian cancer ASR of 2004, 3.07 was 3.1 in 2008. Endometrial cancer ASR in 2004 (2.29) was 1.7 in 2008. Cervical cancer ASR of 1.71 in 2004 was 2.2 in 2008.In Iran incidence trend of breast and endometrium are decreasing in the samesherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 788 796 Feng Wei Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China Qin Li Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 2022 02 28 2022 04 13 Background: Patients with leukemia easily develop negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression, during their treatment. To improve the available mental intervention measures for patients with tumors, we explored the influences of mental nursing based on Rosenthal effect on the post-traumatic growth, negative emotions, and coping style of patients after undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia. Methods: A total of 90 patients who underwent chemotherapy for leukemia in The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into the control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45). Patients in the observation group received mental nursing based on Rosenthal effect. The post-traumatic growth, negative emotions, and coping styles of these two groups were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Results: After the intervention, patients in the observation group show higher scores in the dimensions of reflections on life, individual power, new possibilities, and self-transformation in PTGI, and their total scores are overall higher than those of the control group. The observation group also receive lower scores in SAS and SDS compared with the control group. While the observation group also receive significantly higher scores in some dimensions in MCMQ compared with the control group, the former received significantly lower scores in retreating and succumbing. Conclusion: Mental nursing based on Rosenthal effect can positively promote the physical and psychological health of patients after receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28021 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28021/7561

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 733 745 Emine Ergin Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkey Belgin Akın Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey Deniz Kocoglu-Tanyer Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 2020 12 20 2021 05 06 Background: One of the best ways to maintain and develop physical and psychosocial health is to make regular home visits. This meta-analysis aimed to determine (by subgroups) the effects of interventions based on nurses’ home visits on physical and psychological health outcomes of older people. Methods:  This search was carried out using the The CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Turkish databases. Experimental and observational studies were included. Results: The meta-analysis included 26 (with subgroups 50) out of 13110 studies. The minimum and maximum values of the effect size (Hedges g) were g = -0.708 and g = 0.525, respectively. The average effect size was g = 0.084 (SD = 0.21). Conclusion: Home visit interventions are effective in reducing the frequency of hospitalization in the older adults, and improving physical and psychosocial health. They are negatively effective on falls and have no significant effect on the quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23258 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23258/7556

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 961 963 Jae Hee Choi Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea Ki Dong Ko Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea In Cheol Hwang Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea Hong Yup Ahn Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea 2019 10 16 2019 11 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18667 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18667/7581

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 797 807 Siwipa Pruitikanee Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Jinda Kongcharoen Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Supattra Puttinaovarat Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Thotsaphon Yaifai Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Sasikorn Chaitada Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand 2020 11 15 2021 03 06 Background: Cerebrovascular diseases or stroke tend to cause high mortality in Thailand. An essential responsibility of a hospital is the development of medical care to support the safety of patients. For this purpose, a smartphone application was developed for the risk assessment and emergency system for stroke treatment in a hospital in Thailand.  Methods: The proposed application involved the risk assessment related to the occurrence of stroke evaluated by the health status and face image using analytical geometry and face detection technology. The social network Application Programming Interface (API), LINE Notify API, and Global Positioning System (GPS) were used to inform the Stroke team in the Suratthani hospital about emergency cases, followed their requirement in 2020. Results: From the testing, the facial angulation classification, calculated using a support vector machine (SVM), had 92.38% accuracy. The system also provided an emergency call and text messaging that includes patient’s current location and personal information to the stroke team directly, which gave an opportunity for the patient to receive treatment quickly. Conclusion: The emergency system can help quickly perform the risk assessment of stroke. Our proposed system provides automated management. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22879 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22879/7562

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 746 757 Jinhang Zhang Department of General Surgery, Fenghua TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Fenghua, Zhejiang 315500, China Jing Yang Department of Urology, Yuyao People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, China 2021 07 17 2022 01 08 Abstract Background: Intake of allium vegetables may modify the risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association between allium vegetables intake and breast cancer risk via a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were electronically searched up to June 2021 to identify relevant studies. We used random-effect models to calculate pooled risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of breast cancer with allium vegetables intake. Results: A total of 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis on the association of total allium vegetables, garlic and onion intake with breast cancer risk. The combined risk estimate of breast cancer for the highest vs lowest category of total allium vegetables, garlic and onion intake was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49-0.91, P < 0.001), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.93, P = 0.016) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53-0.98, P < 0.001), respectively. A significant heterogeneity was found among studies for all three pooled analyses. Conclusion: High intake of allium vegetables may be protective against the development of breast cancer. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.   Keywords: ; ; ; ;     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25598 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25598/7557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 964 966 Hyejin Park Department of Health Sciences, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea Kisok Kim College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea 2019 08 01 2019 08 21 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17948 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17948/7582

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 808 813 Zhihui Xia Department of Nursing, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China Youping Tan Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China Cui Ru Continuing Education Center, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017010, China 2021 09 23 2021 11 29 Background: To study the application effect of doctor-nurse collaborative and hierarchical management combined with nursing risk management in nursing management of patients with postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: Overall 200 patients with postpartum hemorrhage treated in Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (Guangzhou, China) from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019 were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received the nursing model of doctor-nurse collaborative and hierarchical management combined with nursing risk management while the control group received nursing risk management to compare the satisfaction, medical record quality before and after nursing, incidence of nursing risk events and treatment effect between the two groups. Results: After nursing management, the bleeding volume in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The quality score of nursing records in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The occurrence of nursing risk events in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The overall nursing satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). The treatment effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Doctor-nurse collaborative and hierarchical management combined with nursing risk management had a significant effect in the nursing management of patients with postpartum hemorrhage, which is worthy of promotion and application. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26365/7563

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 758 769 Reza Ramazani Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbaas Ostadtaghizadeh Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo Yari Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2. Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Soltani Iran-Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Health Management in Mass Gathering, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran Shah Bakhti Rostami Payam-e-Noor Alborz University, Karaj, Iran Ahad Heydari Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2021 06 29 2021 10 27 Background: We aimed to identify the indicators and criteria to locate temporary shelters for conflict refugees. Methods: This systematic review evaluated the full-text of the related articles in international electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochran, and Google Scholar from the beginning and without time limit to 1 June 2019. In addition, this search was based on a strategy developed by the researchers. The studies were selected regardless of their methods and two data extraction forms were used to extract the most relevant and important information. Results: Among 10124 cases of primary documents, 38 articles were selected, and 25 articles were analyzed in full-text. Totally, 45 indicators were identified and classified into two main categories of physical and non-physical indicators with six subcategories of land ownership, host government, access to infrastructures, site safety, land characteristics, and economic, social, and cultural considerations. Conclusion: The selection of temporary shelters for the conflict refugees requires the identification of all the specific influential factors not properly addressed. The final indicators obtained in our review could be incorporated into the development of the models required in this regard. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25411 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25411/7558

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 814 820 Xiaosu Ni Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Xiao-Wen Rui Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Jing Wu Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Wenwen Zhao Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Suyun Jiang Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Rongjie Wang Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Lichun Wang Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China 2021 09 28 2021 11 29 Background: To probe into the influence of evidence-based nursing (EBN) on clinical recovery and prognosis of patients with arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Totally, 240 AMI patients with arrhythmia treated in Taizhou People's Hospital（Jiangsu, China） from July 2019 to December 2020 were collected and randomly divided into the study group (n = 120) and control group (n = 120). The control group was received routine nursing, while the study group carried out EBN. The following indicators were evaluated and compared between the two groups: length of hospital stay, symptom disappearance time, cardiac function, psychological status, and incidence of adverse events after 6 months of follow-up were. Results: Compared to the control group, the length of hospital stay, symptom disappearance time, LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), LVEDD (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter), SAS (self-rating anxiety scale) score and SDS (self-rating depression scale) score in the study group were significant improves (P < 0.05), and the incidence of adverse events after 6-month follow-up in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: EBN intervention for AMI patients with arrhythmia can significantly improve the length of hospital stay and symptom disappearance time, adjust cardiac function and psychological status, and reduce the incidence of adverse events. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26412 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26412/7564

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 821 830 Gulbarshyn Mukasheva Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Madina Abenova Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Askhat Shaltynov Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Oxana Tsigengage Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Zhanna Mussabekova Department of General Medical Practice, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Tolkyn Bulegenov Department of Hospital and Pediatric Surgery, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Gulnara Shalgumbaeva Department of Family Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Yuliya Semenova Department of Neurology, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan 2019 11 22 2021 03 06 Background: We aimed to evaluate the impact of national health programs implemented in Kazakhstan from 2011 on CVD incidence and mortality. Methods: Incidence and mortality rates from CVD were studied in Kazakhstan from 2004 to 2017. The official data obtained from “Medinform” company were analyzed based on the annual population statistics. Results: There was an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease among the population of Kazakhstan from 1845.4 per 100,000 in 2004 to 2597.5 per 100,000 in 2017. This might be attributed to the implementation of the national health programs, which improved early CVD identification. Incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was grown almost in all provinces of Kazakhstan during the study period. The mortality from cardiovascular disease had a considerable decline over the study period, in particular after 2010, it might be influenced by early diagnosis and provision of timely treatment. Conclusion: The experience of Kazakhstan national health programs shows improved identification of CVD and IHD and timely treatment for cardiovascular disease. A significant variation in incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease was observed between the country provinces. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18974 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18974/7565

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 831 838 Lijuan Guo Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China Xiaorong Yin Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China Xiaoqi Zeng Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China Lu Tang Department of Information System, Chengdu Library and Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan, China Dengsuo Zhang Department of Information System, Chengdu Library and Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan, China 2021 09 22 2021 11 29 Background: To explore the application of nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode in standardized training and teaching for newly recruited nurses in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and its impact on their emergency response ability and competence. Methods: From Jan 2019 to Jan 2020, a total of 120 PACU nurses with professional qualification certificates in West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China were enrolled and randomized into group A (n=60) and group B (n=60). Conventional standardized PACU training and teaching was applied in group B, and nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode was applied in group A. After training for 12 weeks, the examination scores, competence and emergency response ability in the two groups were compared. Results: After training, the scores of theoretical examination, comprehensive scene simulation and nursing document in group A were conspicuously higher than those in group B (P<0.001). After training, the competence and emergency response ability in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.001). Conclusion: With a better training effect, nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode can enhance the emergency response ability and competence for nurses in PACU, which should be promoted in practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26354 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26354/7566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 839 850 Dariush D. Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Marjan Zarif-Yeganeh 1. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran 2. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefeh Mehrabi Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Ali-Reza Afshari Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohammad Bagher Rokni School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Keyvan Majidi Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran Maryam Jalali Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Amir Zargar Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolfattah Sarafnejad 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Sadeghipour 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh Zokaei Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Farideh Khosravi 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Jalali 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Khazeni Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 04 14 Background: Calcium is a necessary mineral for life to keep the body and bones healthy. Various factors including hormones, diet, age, and gender affect serum calcium status. The aim of this sturdy was to assess the serum calcium level (SCL) of Tehran population, which has about 10 million multi-Ethnic populations and represents from the whole country. Methods: In this retrospective study, the measured SCL of 105,128 individuals referred to different laboratories of Tehran, Iran were evaluated and its relationship with the age, gender, seasons, and different years during 2009-2018, were analyzed. Results: After excluding outliers, 91,257samples remained, which 61162 (58.64%) and 30,095 (41.36%) were female and male, respectively.  The mean SCL was 9.36 (9.35, 9.37) mg/dl (95%CI). The highest and lowest SCLs were 3.1 and 18.2mg/dl, respectively. From the total study population, 74127 (81.23%) had normal SCLs, 14110 (15.46%) had hypocalcemia, and 3020 (3.31%) had hypercalcemia. SCLs were normal in 83.6% of men and 79.66% of women. Women had a significantly higher frequency of hypocalcemia compared to men (17.2% vs. 12.83%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Normal and abnormal SCLs were significantly different in age groups and in both genders. It means that gender and age affect SCLs. Every year of increasing age, reduces the chance of hypercalcemia by 40%, significantly. Age seems to affect hypercalcemia more than hypocalcemia. Age in men increases the risk of hypocalcemia, and reduces the risk of hypocalcemia in women. Therefore, it is recommended to encourage dietary calcium intake among premenopausal women and older men. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28446 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28446/7567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 851 859 EN Minoo Heidari Almasi Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for E