Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 299 307 Iraj Sharifi Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ali Reza Fekri Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Maryam Hakimi Parizi Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Abbas Aghaei Afshar Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ahmad Khosravi Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Fatemeh Sharifi Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Behnaz Aflatoonian Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ali Khamesipour Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Yahya Dowlati Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farrokh Modabber Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiatives (DNDi), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, Geneva, Switzerland. Abolhasan Nadim School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a serious public health concern in Kerman Province, eastern Iran. This study was aimed to conduct a comprehensive review and highlights various aspects of CL in the province of Kerman. Methods: This article mainly focuses on the studies published in the past 26 years on CL in the province. Current data for the present status were obtained through the provincial health system. Results: Bam was the most infected district (63.6%), followed by Kerman (24.7%) and other districts to a less extent. Leishmania tropica is the major causative agent (95.5%) of CL in Kerman province, however, L. major accounts for 4.5% of the total cases. Bam, Kerman and southern districts of Kerman province were purely anthroponotic CL (ACL), while Rafsanjan, Baft, and Sirjan showed both ACL and zoonotic CL (ZCL). In contrast, Orzoieh district was merely endemic to ZCL type. Phlebotomus sergenti was the main vector in ACL foci while Ph. papatasi was the major vector in the ZCL district of Orzoieh. Localized CL was the most prevalent form (80%) of the disease, while leishmaniasis recidivans was the most uncommon clinical manifestation (18.7%). Conclusion: Due to recent rises in CL disease both in regard of increases in incidence rate and expansion of the disease to new foci, and presence of various risk factors in the province, control measures and health strategies should have high priorities to help treat the existing cases and prevent the expansion of the disease to new areas. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3657 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3657/3332

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 308 17 Ji-Su Kim Dept. of Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2015 10 14 Background: This study examined hearing loss prevalence and hearing aid usage rates among Korean elders by comparing the differences between those with and without hearing loss, and between those who used and did not use hearing aids. Methods: This study was based on data collected during the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012). The study sample consisted of 5,447 Koreans aged ≥60 years who received a hearing assessment. Hearing loss was measured using a pure tone audiometry test and classified according to the World Health Organization’s criteria. Hearing aid use was assessed by self-report. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between hearing loss, hearing aid use, and related variables. Results: Hearing loss was found in 16.8% of the elders and only 15.9% of them used a hearing aid. Male (95% CI: 1.27–2.15), tinnitus (95% CI: 1.58–2.32), dizziness (95% CI: 1.05–1.73), and occupational noise exposure (95% CI: 1.32–2.38) were the variables most strongly associated with hearing loss after multivariate adjustment. Tinnitus (95% CI: 1.34–4.13) and occupational noise exposure (95% CI: 1.01–5.02) were strongly associated with hearing aid use after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion: More than half of South Korean elders aged ≥60 and older have hearing loss but the rate of hearing aid use is very low. An aural public health program should address modifiable risk factors, such as tinnitus and noise exposure, and non-modifiable risk factors associated with hearing loss in the elderly https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3655 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3655/3330

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 318 24 Hui Li Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. Haifeng Liu Dept. of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. Jinhong Chen Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. Li Li Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. Huanyu Wang Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. Jing Li Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. Lei Wang Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China. 2015 10 14 Background: Metabolic diseases in China have been on the rise in recent decades, partially due to reduced cereal consumption and excessive intake of low glycemic index (GI) foods such as meat and oil. Although the relationship between dietary glycemic load (GL) and various metabolic diseases has been extensively studied worldwide, it is unclear whether dietary GL is related to blood lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk in Chinese. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between dietary GL and blood lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk in hospitalized Chinese adults. Methods: Dietary GL in 2258 hospitalized Chinese adults was calculated based upon GI, carbohydrate content and daily intake of individual foods. In addition, fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDLC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) data were collected. Multiple regression and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between dietary GL and plasma lipid levels or dyslipidemia risk. Results: Dietary GL remained inversely associated with blood total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P0.01). With increasing dietary GL, risks of hypercholesterolemia and high blood LDL-C were significantly reduced (P0.01). In the meantime dietary GL remained negatively associated with blood triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P0.01), but showed no significant influence on risk of hypertriglyceridemia and low blood HDL-C (P0.05). Conclusion: High GL diet, as represented by traditional Chinese dietary pattern, may contribute to reduced risk of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3653 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3653/3328

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 325 31 Cristina Plamadeala Faculty of Physics, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Iasi, Romania. Andrzej Wojcik Dept. of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Dorina Creanga Faculty of Physics, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Iasi, Romania. 2015 10 14 Background: An experimental study was accomplished to compare estimation methods of ionizing radiations genotoxicity in mammalian cell cultures by means of two cytogenetic parameters with focus on aberrant cells characterized by multiple chromosomal damages. Methods: In vitro study was carried out on the genotoxicity of low-medium doses of 190 kV X-rays absorbed in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. Micronuclei and ten types of chromosomal aberrations were identified with Giemsa dying and optical microscope screening. Results: The first parameter consisting in micronuclei relative frequency has led to higher linear correlation coefficient  than the second one consistent with chromosomal aberrations relative frequency. However, the latter parameter estimated as the sum of all chromosomal aberrations appeared to be more sensitive to radiation dose increasing in the studied dose range, from 0 to 3 Gy. The number of micronuclei occurring simultaneously in a single cell was not higher than 3, while the number of chromosomal aberrations observed in the same cell reached the value of 5 for doses over 1 Gy. Conclusion: Polynomial dose-response curves were evidenced for cells with Ni micronuclei (i=1,3) while nonmonotonic curves were evidenced through detailed analysis of aberrant cells with Ni chromosomal changes (i  (1,5) )- in concordance with in vitro studies from literature. The investigation could be important for public health issues where micronucleus screening is routinely applied but also for research purposes where various chromosomal aberrations could be of particular interest. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3651 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3651/3326

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 332 40 Asiyeh Salehi School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia. Neil Harris School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia. Bernadette Sebar School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia. Elisabeth Coyne School of Nursing and Midwifery, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia. 2015 10 14 Background: Limited studies have examined the relationship between quality of life and lifestyle behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of quality of life among young Iranian women and its association with lifestyle behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 young women selected through a cluster convenience sampling strategy in Shiraz, Iran. WHOQoL-BREF and satisfaction with life scales were used to measure subjective well-being. The International Health and Behavior survey was used for measuring lifestyle behaviors. Results: Young Iranian women were averagely dissatisfied with their life circumstances. The score of psychological quality of life, and social quality of life were below average. According to the findings, higher quality of life is positively related to healthier lifestyle behaviors. Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking and physical activity are the main predictors of quality of life. Findings also demonstrate that diminished quality of life was significantly associated with older age, low income, being single, low level of religiosity, smoking and low levels of physical activity. Conclusion: In order to improve the situation of young Iranian women, the findings that should be sources of concern to policy makers include the average dissatisfaction with circumstances of life particularly in terms of psychological, social and environmental quality of life. While the health system focus is often upon addressing unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, policy initiatives aimed at improving these circumstances of life for young Iranian women would be of substantial medium to long-term benefit to their wellbeing. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3649 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3649/3324

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 341 51 Vahid Yazdi Feyzabadi Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Aliakbar Haghdoost Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Zahra Aminian Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Although theoretically peace affects health, few published evidence for such an association was empirically available. This study aimed to explore the association between peace and life expectancy (LE) among the world countries. Methods: In an ecological study and using random effects regression model, we examined the association between peace and LE among world countries between 2007 and 2012. The LE at birth and global peace index (GPI: a score between 1 and 5, higher score means lower peace) were selected as outcome and main predictor variables, respectively. We adjusted their association for the gross national income (GNI) per capita and education index (EI). Data were obtained from the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Numbers of included countries were 158 based on the available data. Results: GPI had a negative, considerable, and statistically significant effect on LE (standardized coefficient -0.039; 95% CI: -0.058, -0.019). This association was also significant even after the adjustment for EI (-0.019; 95% CI: -0.035, -0.003), GNI (-0.035; 95% CI: -0.055, -0.015), and both EI and GNI (-0.017; 95% CI: -0.033, -0.001). The full model showed that around 0.61 of the variation of LE among countries may be explained by the GPI, EI and GNI per capita. Conclusion: The contribution of peace as a global determinant of LE was empirically considerable even after the adjustment for the economic and education levels of countries. This implies that governments should make efforts to settle peace through implementing good governance based on interactions with both public and other countries. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3647 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3647/3322

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2n locale="en_US">Dept. of Community Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Rotavirus Vaccine Demand in Pakistan https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8642 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8642/5486

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1595 1603 Mei HA School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400020, PR China Xiaoling QIAN The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China Hong YANG School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400020, PR China Jichun HUANG School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400020, PR China Changjiang LIU Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, PR China 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: The public’s cognition of stroke and responses to stroke symptoms are important to prevent complications and decrease the mortality when stroke occurs. The aim of study was to develop and validate the Chinese version of the Stroke Action Test (C-STAT) in a Chinese population. Methods: This study was rigorously implemented with the published guideline for the translation, adaptation and validation of instruments for the cross-cultural use in healthcare care research. A cross-sectional study was performed among 328 stroke patients and family members in the Department of Neurology in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu province, China in 2014. Results: The Chinese version of the instrument showed favorable content equivalence with the source version. Values of Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability of the C-STAT were 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. Principal component analysis supported four-factor solutions of the C-STAT. Criterion-related validity showed that the C-STAT was a significant predictor of the 7-item stroke symptom scores (R = 0.77; t = 21.74, P< 0.001). Conclusion: The C-STAT is an intelligible and brief psychometrical tool to assess individuals’ knowledge of the appropriate responses to stroke symptoms in Chinese populations. It could also be used by health care providers to assess educational programs on stroke prevention.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8651 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8651/5403

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1558 1567 Joanna KRUK Dept. of Prevention and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szcze-cin, Poland Hassan ABOUL-ENEIN Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. The purpose of this study was to provide a brief synthesis the current knowledge for the effects of physical activity (PA) and nutrition on PCa risk. Methods: A systematic review of English languages reviews, meta-analysis, and original articles published from 2009 to 2015 extracted from the following websites: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Health Source, Science Direct, and their references. Results: The review of the literature led to the selection of 12 review or meta-analysis studies and 15 lately published observational studies. Most of studies reported relationship of recreational and occupational PA and vegetables, fruits, vitamins, red/processed meats, and fats consumption with risk of PCa. Decreased risk for PCa associated with exercise was reported in seven of the ten articles on this topic. The inverse association of vegetables and/or fruit intake with PCa risk was reported in eight of 13 papers. The effect of meat/fat intake on PCa was estimated in four articles finding increased risk. There was heterogeneity between studies, and findings are inconsistent. Conclusion: Physical activity does not significantly reduce the risk of PCa; however, vigorous exercise may reduce the risk of aggressive tumor. Besides, there is a lack of definitive evidence supporting the preventive role of diet against PCa. Due to many other benefits of regular moderate-vigorous PA and a diet high in vegetables and fruits and low in red/processed meats and fats, these lifestyle patterns may be recommended.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8630 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8630/5399

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1660 1661 Hua ZHANG Dept. of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Mingdong HUO Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Jianqian CHAO Dept. of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Pei LIU Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Willing to Pay for Antiviral Treatment of Hepa¬titis B Patients https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8643 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8643/5487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1604 1609 Min LI Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Miao ZHANG Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Heng WANG Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Xuefeng PAN Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Wenbin WU Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Qi ZHANG Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Yun LIU Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China Hui ZHANG Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu, Xuzou 221009, People’s Republic of China 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: The objective of the present study was to explore the efficacy of internet-based intervention on quality of life of patients with chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP).   Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 81 patients diagnosed with CPSP after radical resection for lung cancer between January 2013 and July 2014.  They were enrolled either as part of the conventional care group which included 40 cases or the internet-based pain intervention group which included 41 cases. The patients in the conventional care group were treated weekly in the outpatient clinic, while patients in internet-based group were treated via smartphone or the internet.  The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was utilized to assess the quality of life of patients who were suffering from CPSP, 1 month and 3 months after therapy. Results: The patients in the internet-based pain intervention group demonstrated similar health-related qualities of life and overall satisfaction rates compared with the conventional care group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Internet-based pain management is a suitable option to improve the quality of life of patients with CPSP after radical resection for lung cancer.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8634 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8634/5404

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1568 1576 Somaye YOSAEE Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Ewaz School of Health, Larestan School of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Sepideh SOLTANI Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eghbal SEKHAVATI Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shima JAZAYERI Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: Heart disease is one of the most common chronic disease and leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adropin, a newly identified protein, is important for energy homeostasis and maintaining insulin sensitivity, and has been referred to as a novel regulator of endothelial cells. Endothelial dysfunction is a key early event in atherogenesis and onset of HD. Therefore, this review gives a systematic overview of studies investigating plasma adropin level in patient with heart disease. Methods: Data carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google scholar and MEDLINE, from the earliest available online indexing year through 2015. The search restricted to studies conducted in humans. The keyword search was adropin to apply in title, abstract and keywords. References lists of all original published articles were scanned to find additional eligible studies. Results: Heart failure (HF), coronary atherosclerosis acute myocardial infarction and Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX) were type of heart disease acknowledged in this study. Majority of evidences introduced low adropin as an independent risk factor of heart disease. In a case-control study, the plasma level of adropin increased with the severity of HF. Conclusion: Adropinmay be a potential serum biomarker for early diagnosis of HD.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8631 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8631/5400

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1662 1664 Mahtab KARAMI Dept. of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Nasrin HAFIZI Dept. of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 E-game in Healthcare: As an E-intervention to Promote Public Health https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8644 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8644/5488

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1610 1617 Davoud AFSHAR Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza POURMAND Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmood JEDDI-TEHRANI Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar SABOOR YARAGHI Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad AZARSA Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fazel SHOKRI Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: Choline-binding proteins (CBPs) are a group of surface-exposed proteins, which play crucial and physiological roles in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The novel member of CBPs, choline-binding protein M (CbpM) may have binding activity to plasma proteins. This study aimed to clone and express CbpM and demonstrate its interaction with plasma proteins and patients’ sera. Methods: The total length of cbpM gene was cloned in pET21a vector and expressed in BL21 expression host. Verification of recombinant protein was evaluated by Western blot using anti-His tag monoclonal antibody. Binding ability of the recombinant protein to plasma proteins and the interaction with patients’ sera were assessed by Western blot and ELISA methods. Results: The cbpM gene was successfully cloned into pET21a and expressed in BL21 host. Binding activity to fibronectin and fibrinogen and antibody reaction of CbpM to patients’ sera was demonstrated by Western blot and ELISA methods, respectively. Conclusion: CbpM is one of the pneumococcal surface-exposed proteins, which mediates pneumococcal binding to fibronectin and fibrinogen proteins.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8636 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8636/5479

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1665 1666 Jannan GHAPANCHI Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Fahimeh REZAZADEH Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Erfan FAKHRAEE School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Aisa ZAMANI 3.Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Prevalence of Xerostomia in Patients Referred to Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz, Iran during 2006-2013 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8645 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8645/5489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1618 1624 Maryam Beigom MOBASHERI Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza SHIRKOOHI Dept. of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein MODARRESSI Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Cancer/Testis antigens are immunogenic proteins ectopically expressed in human neoplasms. Synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) belongs to cancer/testis genes family involved in meiotic events and spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to express analysis of SYCP3 in breast cancer and validate it as a breast cancer biomarker. Methods: Expression of SYCP3 transcripts in 47 breast tumors, 6 breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, T47D, BT474, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB 468), 5 normal breast and 2 testis tissues was studied by Real Time RT-PCR reaction. The reference genes phosphoglucomutase 1 and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase were used as reactions normalizers. The software tool REST 2009 was applied for statistical analysis of the data. The research was conducted from Apr 2014 to August 2015 in Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Results: All of the studied breast cancer cell lines showed very high levels of SYCP3 overexpression in comparison to normal breast (P=0.001) and even to normal testis (P=0.001), except for MCF7 cell line. Breast tumors showed moderately increasing in transcript changes in comparison to normal breast. Conclusion: SYCP3 is a known testis-specific gene, but interestingly five out of six studied breast cancer of cell lines showed higher expression levels of SYCP3 in comparison to normal testis and normal breast tissues. SYCP3 has critical role in cell division with known interaction with the tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are critical genes in breast cancer.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8637 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8637/5480

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1667 1668 Shahram SAVAD Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh HAMZEHLOU Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jila GHAFFOURIAN ABADI Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Mohammad Hossein MODARRESSI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahab NOORIAN Dept. of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bahonar Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Dizygotic Twins Concordant for Down Syndrome: Implication for Establishing a National Birth Defect Registry in Iran https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8646 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8646/5495

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1625 1635 Elahe MOZAFFARI Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran Abbas DOOSTI Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran Asghar ARSHI Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Mostafa FAGHANI Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: Migraine is a common debilitating primary headache disorder with current head pain attacks, which contributes to physical activity dysfunctions in chronic pain phase. PGE2 and PGI2 are two important prostaglandins synthesised by COX-2 enzymes, involved in migraine pain signals. COX-2 modulation is essential in treatment and pathogenesis of migraine. This study aimed to investigating the association between COX-2 gene polymorphisms with the risk of migraine susceptibility in migraine patients with related and unrelated parents. Methods: This case- control study was based on 100 migraine patients and 100 non-migraine subjects in Bushehr province, Iran in 2013. Genomic DNA of blood samples was extracted and genotyping of COX-2-765G>C (rs20417) and COX-2-1195A>G (rs689466) gene variants was investigated by PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analyses were accomplished using the SPSS software package. Results: There was a significant differences in the frequencies of the COX-2-765G>C and COX-2-1195A>G genotypes between migraine patients and controls (P≤0.05). Conclusion: COX-2-765CC, COX-2-765CG, COX-2-1195GG and COX-2-1195AG genotypes can increase the risk of migraine significantly. As the first study in Iran, we are hopeful to achieve greater results about the relevancy of COX-2 gene, migraine and pain signals pathway by repeating these experiments on more samples.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8638 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8638/5481

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1669 1670 Roksana JANGHORBAN Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Fatemeh AZARKISH Dept. of Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Community Genetic Services in Iran at a Glance https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8647 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8647/5497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1636 1644 Nour El Houda FERDI Dept. of Applied Biology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12002, Algeria Khalida ABLA Dept. of Applied Biology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12002, Algeria Haroun CHENCHOUNI Dept. of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences and Life, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12002, Algeria 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide and particularly in developing countries. In Algeria, this metabolic disorder occurs with a wide variety or atypical forms that linked to multiple risk factors including local habits and traditions. This study aimed to determine the impact of risk factors (metabolic syndrome, social, cultural, physical activity, family history and the treatment used) on the incidence of diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on a random sample from a resident population in Tebessa, Northeast Algeria, which underwent a significant expanding of diabetes prevalence conditioned by profound socio-economic changes. The survey included 200 subjects, randomly selected; with 100 controls and 100 diabetic patients, (26 diabetic subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus ‘T1DM’ and 74 subjects with type two diabetes mellitus ‘T2DM’). Results: Diabetic subjects were significantly affected by all these risk factors, including metabolic syndrome that was higher in women. The most common treatment among surveyed T1DM subjects was insulin, whereas T2DM patients used metformin. In addition, the duration from T1DM onset in the surveyed subjects is older than T2DM onset. The incidence of diabetes is significantly in close relationship between the majorities of these factors of risk. Conclusion: Subjects with a high socioeconomic status can afford a healthier way of life to avoid the risk of developing diabetes compared to subjects with lower social level.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8639 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8639/5482

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1671 1672 Abdolhossein DALIMI Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Behroz MAHDAVI POOR Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Jalil RASHEDI Dept. of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad ASGHARZADEH Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Jalal ABDOLALIZADEH Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Is Hair Lice Still a Public Health Problem? https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8648 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8648/5499

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1645 1651 Mehdi ASSMAR Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Sara YEGANEH Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Fariborz MANSOURGHANAEI Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Nour AMIRMOZAFARI Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Background: This study aimed to determine the role of tumor markers AFP, CA15-3, CA125, CA19-9 and CEA in patients with hepatitis B and C. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from Oct 2012 to Oct 2014. Serum samples of 129 patients with hepatitis B and C referred to Guilan Liver and Digestive Disease Research Center in Rasht, Iran were collected and checked for the existence of the listed tumor markers by ELISA. Results: No increase in serum levels of tumor marker CA19-9, CEA and CA15-3 were seen in patients with hepatitis (P>0.05). In patients with hepatitis B, increase in CA125 were observed (P=0.03). In hepatitis C patients, there was an increase in AFP levels (P=0.03). Conclusion: The levels of AFP and CA125 markers were high in hepatitis C and hepatitis B, respectively. However, the increased levels were not seen is malignancy. Due to the small sample size, further study is necessary to find the reasons of the increase. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8640 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8640/5483

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1673 1674 Mahin GHAFARI Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Mahdi MOHAMMADIAN Dept. of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Ali Asghar VALIPOUR Dept. of Public Health, School of Public Health, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran Abdollah MOHAMMADIAN-HAFSHEJANI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8649 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8649/5501

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 12 2016 12 27 1675 1677 Mahshid GHONCHEH Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hamid SALEHINIYA Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran AND Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 27 2016 12 27 Inequality in the Incidence and Mortality of All Cancers in the World https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8650 https://i