Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1033 1035 EN Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences ,Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Editorial https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3352 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3352/3071

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1036 1044 EN Mehri JAFARI-SHOBEIRI Dept. of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Morteza GHOJAZADEH Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Saber AZAMI-AGHDASH Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Mohammad NAGHAVI-BEHZAD Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Reza PIRI Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Yasmin POURALI-AKBAR Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Raheleh NASROLLAH-ZADEH Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Parvaneh BAYAT-KHAJEH Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Marzieh MOHAMMADI Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Gestational Diabetes (GD) is one of the major public health issues. The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk factors and prevalence rate of this disorder in Iran. Methods: This systematic review and meta- analysis article was prepared using the databases of Science Direct, Pub-Med, Scopus, Magiran, Iranmedex and SID, Google search engine, Gray Literature, reference lists check and hand searching using keywords such as "prevalence", "gestational diabetes mellitus", "GDM", "risk factor*", "Iran" and "Postpartum Diabetes". The selected papers were fully reviewed and the required information for the systematic re-view was extracted and summarized using extraction table in Microsoft Office Excel software. Results: Twenty-four of 1011 papers were quite relevant to the objectives of the review so they were included. The mean age of the participants was 29.43±4.97 yr and the prevalence of GDMwas 3.41% (the highest and the lowest prevalence rates were 18.6% and 1.3% respectively). Among the influential factors mentioned in the literature, poten-tial causes of GDM are gestational age, history of gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, body mass index, abortions and parity, and history of macrosomia. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of postpartum diabetes and its related factors in Iran, strategic planning for disease prevention and reduction is inevitable. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3353 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3353/3072

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1045 1052 EN Yansong ZHENG Health Science Center, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, FuXing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China. Guilan ZHANG The Central Hospital of Xiaogan Health Examination, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan , Hubei, 432000, China. Zhilai CHEN Health Science Center, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, FuXing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China. Qiang ZENG Health Science Center, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, FuXing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China AND International Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of seven common inflammatory diseases with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Chinese Mainland population. Methods: Participants were recruited from a great swathe of mainland from 2009 to 2013 for the cohort study. The demographic characteristics between patients with T2D or with inflammatory diseases, including age, sex, smoking status, hypertension etc. were analyzed using the χ2 test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to de-termine the independent effects of diabetes on the risks of any types of inflammatory diseases in the model and age, sex, hypertension and gout adjusted were used after that. Results: A total of 39367 participants were enrolled in the study and 1634 (4.2%) subjects with missing information on T2D and the inflammatory diseases were excluded. Compared to those without diabetes, after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and gout, the incidences of asthma, chronic hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic gastritis or ulcer in diabetic patients were independently higher, with odd ratios of 0.235 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.117-0.473), 0.845 (95% CI, 0.731-0.976), 0.585 (95% CI, 0.540-0.634), 0.875 (95% CI, 0.806-0.951), 0.843 (95% CI, 0.787-0.903) respectively. Only inflammatory hemorrhoid did not show any clinical significance. Conclusion: There was a decreased incidence of inflammatory diseases in the diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Except for inflammatory hemorrhoid, asthma, chronic hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic gastro-enteritis, chronic gastritis and ulcer were associated with T2D of Chinese individuals, independently of hypertension and gout, and T2D might reduce the risk of these diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3354 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3354/3073

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1053 1060 EN Slavica KONEVIC Dept. of Specialist Consultancy Services, Rakovica Community Health Center, Belgrade, Serbia. Jelena MARTINOVIC Laboratory Dept., Rakovica Community Health Center, Belgrade, Serbia. Nela DJONOVIC Dept. of Hygiene and Ecology Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia AND Dept. of Health Promotion, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Sedentary lifestyle represents a growing health problem and considering that there is already a range of unhealthy habits that are marked as health risk factors and the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyle worldwide, we aimed to investigate association of sedentary way of living in suburb, working class local community with socioec-onomic determinants such as educational level, occupation and income status. Methods: In this community-based cross-sectional study, 1126 independently functioning adults were enrolled into the study. The study protocol included a complete clinical and biochemical investigation revealing age, gender, lipid status, height, weight and blood pressure. Trained interviewers (nurses) collected information from patients about cur-rent state of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension) smoking, medication and other socioeconomic data. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square and logistic regression were performed as statistical calculations. Results: Patients with elementary school were seven times more likely to be classified in category with sedentary life-style compared to patients with college or faculty degree. Being retired and reporting low income were significantly associated with higher odds of sedentary behavior when compared with students and patients with high-income status, respectively. Conclusions: The significance of this study lies in the fact that our results may help to easier identification of patients who may have a tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3355 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3355/3074

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1061 1071 EN Si ZHANG Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China AND Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fengtai District of Beijing City, Beijing, China. Zhaolian LU Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China. Hongmei LIANG Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China. Ximei FU Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China. Yan ZHANG Dept. of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China. Xin LIU Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China. Genshu BAO Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China Tao JING Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China Xuan WANG Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China AND Suqian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China. Meng WANG Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China AND Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China. Julong WU Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China AND Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China. Gen CHEN Pathogens Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China AND Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Gansu, China. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: 5-Fluorouracil could lead to a decline in fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans. The aim of this study was to describe the mechanisms underlying such an altered fertility phenotype and to illustrate the specific genes and path-ways that are involved in the related phenotypic changes in C. elegans. Methods: We isolated total RNA from the samples and used a new method called Digital Gene Expression (DGE), which can rapidly identify genes with altered transcript levels. The random genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Results: We analyzed the results of two methods to draw conclusions based on a comparison between C. elegans and other harmful parasites. Compared with controls, 1147 genes were up-regulated, and 1067 were down-regulated. Overall, 101 up-regulated genes had a log2 ratio higher than 8, whereas the log2 ratio of 141 down-regulated genes was higher than 8. After mapping to the reference database, 4 pathways were confirmed to be involved in this phe-nomenon, with statistically significant participation from 19 genes. Conclusion: For the first time, the transcript sequence of 5-Fu-treated worms and controls was detected. We found that 4 possible pathways, i.e., ECM-receptor interaction pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Focal adhesion and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, may be involved in the number decline in the embryos of C. elegans. Specifically, the ECM-receptor interaction pathway and Focal adhesion may be very important pathways that alter the reproduction of C. elegans. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3356 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3356/3075

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1072 1083 EN Neda KAFFASH-CHARANDABI GIS Dept., K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Abolghasem SADEGHI-NIARAKI GIS Dept., K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Geoinformatic Eng., Inha University, Incheon, South Korea. Dong-Kyun PARK U-Healthcare Center, Gachon University, Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Cardiac arrest is a condition in which the heart is completely stopped and is not pumping any blood. Although most cardiac arrest cases are reported from homes or hospitals, about 20% occur in public areas. Therefore, these areas need to be investigated in terms of cardiac arrest incidence so that places of high incidence can be identi-fied and cardiac rehabilitation defibrillators installed there. Methods: In order to investigate a study area in Petersburg, Pennsylvania State, and to determine appropriate places for installing defibrillators with 5-year period data, swarm intelligence algorithms were used. Moreover, the location of the defibrillators was determined based on the following five evaluation criteria: land use, altitude of the area, econom-ic conditions, distance from hospitals and approximate areas of reported cases of cardiac arrest for public places that were created in geospatial information system (GIS). Results: The A-P HADEL algorithm results were more precise about 27.36%. The validation results indicated a wider coverage of real values and the verification results confirmed the faster and more exact optimization of the cost func-tion in the PSO method. Conclusion: The study findings emphasize the necessity of applying optimal optimization methods along with GIS and precise selection of criteria in the selection of optimal locations for installing medical facilities because the selected algorithm and criteria dramatically affect the final responses. Meanwhile, providing land suitability maps for installing facilities across hot and risky spots has the potential to save many lives. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3357 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3357/3076

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1084 1094 EN Tao TIAN College of Ecal attitude, physical stress, and psychological stress across the menstrual cycle. Methods: This study was conducted from Apr to Jun 2021 in the Gyeonggi Province of Korea. Women aged ≥20 yr were divided into premenstrual (n=17), menstrual (n=8), and postmenstrual periods (n=23). Menstrual symptoms and menstrual attitudes were assessed using questionnaires. Quantitative electroencephalography was used to assess the physical stress indices (left and right), and the psychological stress indices (left and right), with brainwave parameters quantified by frequency series power spectrum analysis. Data were compared using the non-parametric tests. Results: More menstrual symptoms were experienced in the menstrual period than in the premenstrual period (Z=2.16, P=.031). Menstrual attitudes did not significantly differ among menstrual periods (Z=1.20, P=.231). Physical stress indices were high (≥10 μV) throughout the menstrual cycle and there were significant differences among the three periods (left: χ2=4.00, P=.035, right: χ2=5.78, P=.046). Psychological stress indices were >1 μV during the premenstrual and menstrual periods. Conclusion: Women experience more severe and diverse menstrual symptoms in the menstrual period than in other periods. Objective investigations are needed to inform an effective approach for addressing negative menstruation-related experiences.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30335 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30335/7954

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1170 1180 Wei Wei Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China Xuan Wei Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510520, China Xin Xie Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China 2022 12 02 2023 04 07 Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a widely known esophageal disease, severely affects people's health. Numerous investigations demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) performed key jobs inside a wide scope of organic cycles and stand out in malignant growth. Our study planned to investigate the roles and mechanisms of linc01614 in ESCC. Methods: A Total of 60 ESCC tissue samples including 30 patients with cisplatin sensitivity and 30 patients with cisplatin resistance, who received DDP-based treatment, were obtained from Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai City during 2021. These tissues were frozen and saved in a -80 ℃ ultra-low temperature freezer. We performed CCK-8, clone formation, flow cytometry assays to determine the effect of linc01614 on ESCC progression, and explored the specific mechanism of linc01614 in ESCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance. Results: linc01614 expression was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells compared with non-tumor tissues and human normal esophageal epithelial cells (Het-1A). Knockdown of linc01614 repressed cell expansion, chemotherapy opposition, and advanced cell apoptosis in ESCC. Besides, linc01614 regulated the expression of miR-4775 as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Conclusion: The linc01614/miR-4775 axis played an important role in ESCC progression and drug resistance, revealing that linc01614 is a promising target in ESCC treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30529 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30529/7955

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1181 1189 Aleksandra Nikolic Clinic for Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sonja Djuric Gentext Research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Vladimir Biocanin Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bussines Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia Katarina Djordjevic Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marko Ravic Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandra Stojanovic Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olivera Milovanovic Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jasmina Skerlic Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia Radisa Pavlovic Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tamara Nikolic Turnic 1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation 2021 12 27 2022 05 07 Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is one of the leading causes for developing major cardiovascular events and still represents a major public health challenge worldwide. We aimed to provide data on predictors of poor adherence to medication in hypertensive patients in Serbia. Methods: Observational, analytical study was undertaken at a group of 388 patients who refilled their medications in the Pharmacy Institution, “Apoteka Kragujevac”, Kragujevac, Serbia between Jan and Mar 2019. Afterward, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the influence of the variables associated with the adherence. We used a self-developed questionnaire and SF-36 to assess the influence of the quality of life on medication adherence. Results: Results revealed four independent predictors of non-adherence: increased number of medications, living in a city, forgetfulness of the dosing regimen and low energy. The odds of non-adherence were the highest among the participants living in the city and the low energy was the only factor inversely associated with the level of non-adherence. Conclusion: Many factors were associated with the non-adherence to medication. Further studies are needed to find the most appropriate protocol to promote adherence. The four risk factors (increased number of medications, living in a city, forgetfulness of the dosing regimen and low energy) are associated with non-adherence in adult hypertensive patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27311 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27311/7956

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1190 1198 EN Chunjing Tu School of Teacher Education, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China Yuxuan Tu Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Chongmin Jiang China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China Sanhua Zhang College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China 2022 12 22 2023 04 25 Background: We aimed to establish the cut-off value of weight-for-height for preschool children in China, and to explore the influence of overweight and obesity on the physical performance of preschool children. Methods: Data from 31 provinces in China monitored in 2010 and 2014, the standard deviation unit curves of WFH were established by using GAMLSS (generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape) method preschool children in China, and then the cut-off values of normal weight, overweight and obesity were divided. The research group tested 5 physical performance indicators of 5154 preschool children from April 2018 to June 2019 in Beijing and Zhejiang in China. We then compared physical performance differences between the normal-weight group and the overweight-obesity group. Results: A smooth and effective standard deviation unit curve of WFH was established. The overweight and obesity of Chinese preschool children were at a high level. Being overweight and obese reduced preschool children's relative strength, speed, sensitivity, coordination, and balance ability, but did not reduce preschool children's flexibility. In general, the physical performance of preschool children in the normal weight group was better than that in the overweight and obesity group. Conclusion: It is suggested to use the WFH criteria in this study to evaluate overweight and obesity in Chinese preschool children, and strengthen physical activity and take in energy substances properly of preschool children, to control the spread of overweight and obesity， to improve physical performance level.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30742 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30742/7957

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1199 1206 EN Aasma Munawwar Department of Zoology, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Amna Sajjad Department of Zoology, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Shahla Faisal Department of Statistics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Azhar Rasul Department of Zoology, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Aneeqa Zarbab Department of Zoology, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Afshan Ashraf Government College University Faisalabad Afshan Bibi Department of Zoology, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Adnan Ahmad Department of Zoology, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Salma Siddique Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GCU Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan 2021 11 20 2022 04 30 Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. We aimed to know the past trends of age-specific breast cancer incidence rates in Faisalabad city. Methods: A retrospective study was designed at Allied Hospital Faisalabad (AHF), Pakistan from 2014-2018. Overall, 12742 cancer patients presented throughout these years, out of which 3390 were breast cancer cases. Descriptive statistics were computed and the results were presented as counts and percentage for categorical variables. Means and standard errors were computed for the continuous variables. For testing the association among categorical variables, a chi-square test of independence was used and the p-values less than 0.05 are reported as significant. Results: 84.70% patients were diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma and 15.30% were all other types reported in the Allied Hospital Faisalabad. The incidence of breast cancer was outrageous in the 40-49 year-old age group (1021 patients, 30.12%) and the mean age is 45 in all years. An increase of 34.86% was observed from 2014 to 2018. The comprehensive four-year data (2015 to 2018) were further analyzed for histology, surgery, staging and grading pattern as 2014 files data was insufficient to discuss. The stage III and grade III were most common throughout the years from 2015 to 2018 with 33.9% and 55.71% respectively. Conclusion: Breast cancer is diagnosed more commonly in women than in any other type of cancers in Faisalabad city. There is a need to upgrade the existing hospital facilities to make the women diagnose the cancer at an earlier stage. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26951 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26951/7958

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1207 1214 Jing Liu Department of Pediatric Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University，Chongqing, 404100, China Hongying Nie Department of Pediatrics, Wushan County People's Hospital, Chongqing, 404700, China Fan Rao Department of Pediatric Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University，Chongqing, 404100, China 2023 01 19 2023 04 07  Background: We aimed to assess the effect of life-cycle management on the satisfaction and health outcomes of children with chronic diseases and their parents, as well as the career benefits of healthcare workers. Methods: Participants were children with chronic diseases who received long-term treatment at the Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University from January 2021 to November 2022. From the first admission, compare the children's disease onset, satisfaction and professional benefits of medical staff among "Medical and Nursing Integration" + "Internet plus"-based life cycle management group (n = 221, the experimental group), the routine management group (n = 53, the control group 1) and the "Medical and Nursing Integration" group (n = 67, control group 2). Results: The overall satisfaction of children in the experimental group (100 %) was higher than that in the control group 1 (98.11%) and control group 2 (98.51%). The times of second admission and third admission of patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group 1 were (both P<0.001) and control group 2 (both P<0.01). Nurses' sense of professional benefit, professional identity, and doctor's satisfaction with nurses in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group 1 (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) and control group 2 (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of "Medical and Nursing Integration" + "Internet plus"-based life cycle management in chronic disease nursing management can effectively improve the management on pediatric chronic diseases.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30972 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30972/7959

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1215 1224 Draginja Vuksanovic Stankovic Department of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Nemanja Radojevic 1. Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States 2. Clinical Center of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Batric Vukcevic Clinical Center of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Andrea Jovovic Clinical Center of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro SV Subramanian Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States 2023 03 27 2023 06 13 Background: Domestic violence is defined as the combined pattern of physical, psychological, economic and/or sexual violence against a family member. Intimate partner violence is the most common form. We aimed to present the basic characteristics of the Montenegrin families and family members affected by domestic violence, with the intent to inform the global mosaic of differences related to cultural specificities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using 323 cases judicially processed and officially judged according to Criminal Act from 2015-2017 in Montenegro. Socioeconomic characteristic were investigated followed by analysis of many variables. Results: Demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, and other characteristics of the perpetrators and the victims, as well as characteristics of violent act with posible risk factors, are presented. The results of case-control analyisis of intimate-partner relationships are given, too. Conclusion: A typical example of domestic violence in Montenegro shows an intimate couple with a violent male and a victimized female partner, living in a rented residence in the suburbs, with both partners in the fourth decade of their lives. The most frequent income level was poor, with half of the batterers and nearly three quarters of the victims unsatisfied with their marriage. The increased presence of such factors (both modifiable and unmodifiable) in the partiarchical families suffering from domestic violence should spark interest in public health and government authorities regarding domestic violence screening adapted for patriarchical societies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31574 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31574/7961

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1225 1237 EN Xiao Xiao Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Junxiong Peng Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Yong Chen Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Xingshan Lu Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Wei Sun Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Weizhong Xiao Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Mengjuan Yuan Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China Xiaolan Huang Urology Department, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, PR China 2022 03 02 2022 05 19 Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common urinary tract malignancies. Our study aimed to provide promising biomarkers for BCa screening and prognosis. Methods: BCa samples were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed by GO/KEGG analysis. Univariate Cox hazard analysis and Kaplan Meier Curve clarified the relevance of DEGs and survival. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the discrimination ability of DEGs in BCa patient outcome prediction. RT-PCR was used to validate gene expression. Results: Overall, 61 common up regulated and 170 common down-regulated genes in BCa were obtained. DEGs were mainly enriched in proliferation and metastasis processes. CDC20, COL14A1, SPARCL1, TMOD1, RHOJ, FXYD6 and MFAP4 had clinical relevance to survival with high accuracy. CDC20, SPARCL1 and TMOD1 are promising biomarkers of BCa. CDC20, SPARCL1 and TMOD1 are involved in cancer immune infiltration. Conclusion: CDC20, SPARCL1 and TMOD1 are promising biomarkers of bladder cancer. In addition, CDC20, SPARCL1 and TMOD1 are involved in cancer immune infiltration, which provides new targets in immune therapy in bladder cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28039 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28039/7962

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1238 1247 Jagoda Gavrilovic 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija Kovacevic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic 1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija Peulic Center of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandar Gavrilovic 1. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2022 11 02 2023 04 25 Background: We aimed to determine the level of hope in breast cancer patients along with the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the expressed level of hope. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the sample size of 72 female patients with breast cancer diagnosis. The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia from November 2020 until March 2022. Data were collected from the patients in a form of the Sociodemographic Variables Questionnaire (Q-SV). The Herth Hope Index (HHI) was used in assessing the level of hope. Results: The value of the total HHI score was ranging from 14 to 48, whereas the mean value of the HHI score was 40.00±5.92. The significantly higher level of hope was reported in female patients who: searched the Internet for gathering information on their disease (39.24±6.23; P=0.047), were religious (38.77±6.13; P=0.003), believed in God (38.45±5.51; P=0.004), had no formal medical education (38.44±5.75; P=0.036) and after therapy (38.76±6.49; P=0.022). Conclusion: Hope is an existential internal resource possibly affecting the manner in which female patients perceive their own health state and future as well. A better understanding of the meaning of hope during treatment can be of great value in supporting cancer patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30292 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30292/7963

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1248 1258 Huilan Bao The Endocrinology Department, the People’s Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China 2023 03 20 2023 06 13 Background: Message framing is a low-cost and effective intervention method to improve diabetics’ health behaviors. The study aimed to investigate the impacts of positive and negative message framing interventions on the self-management activities and self-efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: Overall, 102 T2DM patients from Jinhua People’s Hospital of China were recruited and divided into three groups: positive and negative message framing intervention groups and a control group. A 12-week experiment was implemented on the first two groups. Then, the differences of the patients’ self-management activities and self-efficacies were analyzed between the experimental and control groups. Finally, the mediating effect of self-efficacy between two types of message framing interventions and patients’ self-management activities was investigated. Results: Both positive and negative message framing interventions could significantly improve the T2DM patients’ self-management activities in diet, blood glucose testing, foot care, and medication taking (P<0.05), meanwhile significantly improving their self-efficacies along the nutrition, physical exercise and weight, medical treatment, blood sugar, and feet check (P<0.05). Results of the difference analysis for both within-group and inter-group showed that, compared with the positive messaging framing intervention, the negative one had more significant effects on enhancing the patients’ self-management activities and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy had only a mediating effect between negative messaging framing intervention and self-management activities (β = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.0934 – 0.456). Conclusion: Negative messaging framing intervention could better enrich T2DM patients’ diabetes knowledge through offering threatening information, thereby enhancing their self-efficacies, and ultimately improve their self-management activities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31523 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31523/7964

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1259 1268 Hasti Masihay-Akbar Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa Amiri Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa Naseri Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 09 2022 04 30 Abstract Background: We aimed to investigate the latent smoking classes in men and their association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of themselves, their wives and offspring. Methods: Using Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), 1781 men with marital stability and 8-18-year-old offspring were followed for 15 years (1999-2014). Latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was used to identify men's smoking patterns in 1139 men with at least three non-missing measurements of cigarettes per day (CPD); they had 1908 children (8-18 years at baseline). HRQoL and its physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS) was measured at the last follow-up using the SF-12v2 questionnaire. The associations of men's smoking classes with HRQoL of the family members were examined using generalized linear model. Results: LCGM revealed four trajectories for men's smoking patterns; non/rare smokers, decreasing light, persistent moderate smokers, and persistent heavy smokers. Persistent smoking men, regardless of the amount of smoking (light or heavy), had lower scores in general health (ß= -7.80 for moderate and ß= -10.71 for heavy class) but not overall PCS. Al three trajectories of smoker men had poorer overall MCS than non/rare smokers. Living with persistent heavy smoker men was associated with decreased overall MCS in women (ß= -4.20), in particular role emotional (ß= -8.82) and mental health (ß= -9.42). No significant association was detected between fathers' smoking patterns and offspring HRQoL in young adulthood. Conclusion: Our results show men's heavy and persistent smoking worsens their own and their spouses' HRQoL, mainly in mental health dimensions.   Keywords: ; ; ; ;     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27132 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27132/7965

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1269 1277 EN Parisa Mehdizadeh Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Valiollah Baigi Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Teymourzadeh Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 08 22 2023 06 13 Background: One approach to reducing the burden of diseases can be to identify socioeconomically vulnerable groups. We aimed to estimate the socioeconomic inequality of in-hospital deaths using relative and absolute indices of socioeconomic inequality. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study on Covid-19 patients; age, gender, marital status, education level, date of admission, diagnostic method, and final condition were measured. Socioeconomic inequality in in-hospital death was assessed using three approaches. We used the relative index of inequality (RII) to measure relative inequality. We used two approaches to evaluate absolute inequality: the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (ci). Results: Overall, 587 patients’ data were collected and 42 (7.2%) of these patients died in the hospital. There were statistically significant differences between the case-fatality rates of different levels of education (P<0.001). In addition, all the inequality indices showed that the distribution of COVID-19-related deaths was higher among the lower education levels. Accordingly, after controlling the effect of age, gender, and comorbidities the RII indicated that the case fatality rate in the lowest education level was 9.42 (95% CI: 2.23 to 39.01, P<0.001) times compared to the case fatality rate in the highest level of education. Conclusion: The results of all three approaches indicate considerable education inequality in CFR in favor of groups of high education levels. These results can improve the prioritization and impact of public health interventions, including prevention and diagnosis of Covid-19 in favor of vulnerable groups. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26031 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26031/7966

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 6 2023 06 13 1278 1288 EN Sima Nazarpour Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Afshin Shokati Poursani Department of Chemical Engineering, Health, Safety & Environment, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Masoumeh Simbar Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 05 2022 04 10 Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between air pollution and the Infant mortality rate (IMR) during nearly ten years in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort case using time series analysis. Air pollution monitoring data during the study period (2009-2018) were collected from the information of 23 Air Quality Control Centers in different areas of Tehran. For this purpose, the daily measures of PM10, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2, NO2 were obtained. Data on infant mortality was obtained from the National Statistics Office of Iran and mortality registered in Tehran's main cemetery during the study period. Distributed lag linear and non-linear models were used. Results: A total of 23,206 infant deaths were reported during the study period. Following an increase of 10 ug/m3 in PM10 in an early day of exposure, the risk of mortality increased significantly (RR=1.003, 95%CI:1.001-1.005). There is a pick on lag 5-10 that shows a very strong and immediate effect of cold temperature which means that cold temperatures increase the risk of mortality at an early time. At cold temperate, (var=0 and lag 0) risk of infant mortality was significantly higher than reference temperature (19˚C) (RR=1.1295, %CI: 1.01-1.25). Conclusion: The results show the adverse effects of PM10 exposure on infant mortality in Tehran, Iran. Accordingly, a steady decline in PM10 levels in Tehran may have greater benefits in reducing the Infant mortality rate. https://ijph