Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 1 3 A Montazeri Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran J Sadighi Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran S Omidvari Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran F Farzadi Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran F Maftoon Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: This was a population-based study to examine whether the campaign for World AIDS Day 2005 in Iran was suc­cessful. Methods: A random sample of the general population was asked whether they had seen the campaign and knew the mes­sage. They were also asked whether it was attractive; there was anything offensive, whether the campaign could raise aware­ness, and how they rated the campaign. In all 1215 individuals were approached and 1014 agreed to take part in the study. Results:  Only 43% (n= 435) said that they had seen the campaign. Of those who had seen the campaign 79% knew the sub­ject and 24% acknowledged the main message correctly. Only 27% said it was very attention getting or eye-catching, 64% said the campaign could raise awareness but 75% said the message was unclear, and confusing. A few respondents (23%) rated that the campaign overall looked good or very good. Conclusion: The findings suggest that if the World AIDS Day is an opportunity to give visibility to the problem, then there is an urgent need to think seriously to choose other approaches for raising global awareness on the state of the epidemic in Iran and elsewhere. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3203 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3203/3002

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 4 9 M Ghandehari Motlagh Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Bahaminpour Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Aref Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran SJ Pourhashemi Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry,Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Shahrabi Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AR Nazarian Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran R Raoofian Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Mahbubinejad Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Heidari Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is an inherited tooth disorder. Despite the fact that up to now, several gene muta­tions in MMP20, ENAM, AMELX and KLK4 genes have been reported to be associated with AI, many other genes sug­gested to be involved. The main objective of this study was to find the mutations in three major candidate genes including MMP20, ENAM and KLK4 responsible for AI from three Iranian families with generalized hypoplastic phenotype in all teeth. Methods: All exon/intron boundaries of subjected genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to direct sequencing. Results: One polymorphisms was identified in KLK4 exon 2, in one family a homozygous mutation was found in the third base of codon 22 for serine (TCG>TCT), but not in other families. Although these base substitutions have been occurred in the signaling domain, they do not seem to influence the activity of KLK4 protein. Conclusion: Our results might support the further evidence for genetic heterogeneity; at least, in some AI cases are not caused by a gene in these reported candidate genes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3204 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3204/3003

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 10 17 M Mirzaee Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran MR Pourmand Dept. of Pathobiology, School Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Chitsaz Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran S Mansouri Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Organisms producing CTX-M-β-lactamase are emerging around the world as a source of resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins such as cefotaxime. However, the laboratory detection of these strains is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of known CTX-M-β-lactamases genes in clinical isolates of  Escherichia coli from hospitals of Tehran. Methods: During six months (September to February, 2006), 160 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli collected from three university hospitals of Tehran.  Phenotypic screening and confirmation tests for ESBL detection was according to CLSI advised. All of the ESBL-producing isolates were examined by PCR for presence of bla CTX-M genes. Results: Primary phenptypic tests revealed that %56.69 (n=89) of E. coli isolates produced ESBLs. In confirmatory tests by use of clavulanic acid, ESBL production were confirmed (P+C+) in %96.7 (n=86) of isolates with primary positive test. The presence of an ESBL was not confirmed (P+C-) in 3.3% (n=3) of the screen positive. Of all screen positive isolates, 34 (35.78%) were positive for bla CTX-M genes from the CTX-M-I group, indicating CTX-M-1-like β-lactamases and Two (2.1%) were positive for bla CTX-M genes from the CTX-M-III group, indicating CTX-M-3-like β-lactamases. The remainder 59 (62.2%) were negative for bla CTX-M genes. Conclusions: The levels of resistance to ceftazidim were remarkably varible among CTX-M producers. This study provides futher evidence of the global dissemination of  CTX-M type ESBLs and emphasize the need for their epidemiological monitoring. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3205 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3205/3004

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 18 24 H Mirzahoseini Dept. of Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran E Omidinia Dept. of Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran M Shams-Ghahfarokhi Dept. of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran G Sadeghi Dept. of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran M Razzaghi-Abyaneh Dept. of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: In the present study, a PCR-RFLP based molecular technique was designed to rapid identification of der­matophytes in clinical specimens. Skin scrapings obtained from human cases suspected to dermatophytosis were studied in or­der to identify involved etiological fungi. Methods: In this experimental study, the specimens (skin scrapings) of patients referred to Mycology Department of Pas­teur Institute of Iran were inoculated on Petri dishes contained selective agar for pathogenic fungi (SAPF) and incubated at 25º C until visible growth of fungal colonies. The colonies were examined for standard morphological characteristics after visi­ble growth on the agar medium. A small portion of each fungal colony was further studied by restriction fragment length poly­morphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). PCR amplicons were electrophoresed on 2% agarose gel after digesting by different restriction enzymes including MvaI, HinfI and HaeIII. Results: Among 160 clinical samples examined, 6 dermatophyte species including  Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. ru­brum, T. verrucosum, T. tonsurans, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum were finally identified based on the col­ony morphology and microscopic criteria. Specific PCR products and RFLP patterns for MvaI, HinfI and HaeIII en­zymes allowed the rapid identification and reliable differentiation of isolated dermatophytes at the genus or species level for 5-10 day-old colonies. Conclusions: The results showed that PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS region of rDNA is a rapid and reliable tool which al­lows identification of major pathogenic dermatophytes isolated in this study at species level in young 5-10 day-old colonies.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3206 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3206/3005

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 25 33 H Moallaei Dept. of Medical Basic Sciences Sabzevar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran F Zaini Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scie S Rezaie Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scie F Nourbakhsh Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te G Larcher Groupe d’Etude des Interaction Hộte-Parasite, UPRES-EA 3142, Laboratorie de Parsitologie-Mycologie, 2015 10 03 Background: Subtilisin -like proteases are the group of proteases including keratinases found in dermatophytes which de­graded keratin. Determination of the proteases activity of Trichophyton vanbreuseghemii isolates which were obtained from soil and clinical and soil isolates of Microsporum gypseum in Iran and characterization of their genome were aim of present study. Methods: Ezymatic activity was determined by use of chromogenic substrates. The genes, which coded subtilisin-like pro­teases in above-mentioned dermatophytes, was identified and amplified by using specific primers in PCR. Results:  The highest yield of enzyme production was observed in only one isolate of T. vanbreuseghemii Ir-84 whereas low enzyme activity was observed in M. gypseum isolates. Homology study of obtained nucleotide as well as amino acid sequences indicated different rates of homology with other subtilisin-like proteases genes in other pathogenic dermato­phytes. Conclusion: Intra-strain differences were observed in production of serine proteinases and molecular characterization of genes encoding such enzymes could be of great interest for studies on pathogenicity and other purposes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3207 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3207/3006

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 34 40 AR Mesdaghinia Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci K Naddafi Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci R Nabizadeh Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci R Saeedi Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci M Zamanzadeh Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci 2015 10 03 Background: Hospitals generate relatively large quantities of wastewater that may contain various potentially hazardous ma­terials; therefore the proper management of hospital wastewater is essential. Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, the quality and quantity of wastewater in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medi­cal Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran, were studied and the suitable method for wastewater management in the hospitals was determined. Results: Monitoring of pH, TSS, BOD5, COD and total coliforms indicated that the quality of wastewater in the hospitals was similar to domestic wastewater. The wastewater production in the hospitals was determined to be in the range of 398 to 1090 L/d/(occupied bed). The study on wastewater treatment and disposal methods demonstrated that discharge to munici­pal wastewater collection system is the best alternative for wastewater management in the hospitals, but this approach is not ap­plicable for all of the hospitals. Baharloo, Cancer Institute, Children, Farabi, Imam Khomeini, Razi, Roozbeh, Shariati and Valiasr hospitals can be connected to municipal wastewater collection system at present. Conclusion: It is recommended that these hospitals' wastewater be discharged to municipal wastewater collection system. Amir Alam, Bahrami, Mirza Koochak Khan and Sina hospitals will be able to discharge their wastewater into sewerage net­work at second phase of Tehran sewerage project (in 2010) and Arash Hospital will be able to discharge its wastewater into sew­erage network at third phase of Tehran sewerage project (in 2015). These hospitals have to select onsite separate waste­water treatment alternative.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3208 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3208/3007

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 1 2009 03 15 41 47 S Milani Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran Z Sharifi Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran M Hosseini Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran M Mahmoodian Shooshtari Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causative agents of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide and is believed to be responsible for a malud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile AND Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay José Carmelo ADSUAR Dept. of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain AND Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain Eugenio MERELLANO-NAVARRO Instituto de Actividad Fisica y Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality characterized by progressive airflow obstruction and inflammation in the airways, which has an impact on health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D-5L is one of the most used preference-based, health-related quality of life questionnaire. The objective of this study was to provide normative values of EQ-5D-5L for Spanish people suffering from COPD. Methods: Data were extracted from the Spanish National Health Survey (2011/2012). Overall, 1130 people with COPD participated in this survey. The utility index of EQ-5D-5L and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score were defined by gender, region, and age. Results: Mean (SD) EQ-5D-5L utility index and VAS score for Spanish people with COPD were 0.742 (0.309) and 60.466 (21.934) respectively. In general, men reported better health status than women. Ceiling effect of the whole sample was 30.35%. Conclusion: The current study provides normative values of EQ-5D-5L for Spanish people affected by COPD. Ceiling effect was high and better results were observed in men compared with women.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10603 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10603/5250

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1145 1146 Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Somayeh KHAZAEI Dept. of Para-Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Kamyar MANSORI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Erfan AYUBI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Please provide alternate text for this image to ensure accessibility for users with text-only browsers or assistive devices https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10619 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10619/5265

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1054 1061 Yin-Qing HU Dept. of Nursing, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Yi-Fan WU Dept. of Nursing, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Li-Li HOU Dept. of Nursing, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2017 07 17 2017 07 17   Background: Lung cancer is a serious threat to human health and life worldwide. Anxiety is common amongst palliative care patients with lung cancer and adversely affects quality of life. Acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment method used for the treatment of depressive mood status. We aimed to assess the influence of electrical acupuncture stimulation on self-reported anxiety in palliative care among patients with lung cancer. Methods: This pilot study had an experimental, 3-group, research plan. A total of 188 participants were enrolled from the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China from 2014-2015. This pilot study had an experimental, 3-group, research plan. In TEAS group, participants received standardized palliative care and electrical acupuncture stimulation in Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Hegu acupoints. Group MS received standardized palliative care and muscle stimulation nearby nonacupoint. Controlled group received standardized palliative care. The patients maintained their assigned acupuncture stimulation for 7 days. Demographic Instrument, Karnofsky Performance Scale Index, SF-16 health questionnaire and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used. Results: The mean SAS scores in TEAS Group before and after electrical intervention in palliative care intervention were 31.17±7.55,34.58±13.98 and 27.86±6.73, (P=0.00) QoL score showed elevation from 57.13 in 8th day to 60.12 in 28th day, rising further to 5%. Comfort Score showed continuous elevation trend for 28 days. Conclusion: Electric acupuncture stimulation could reduce the anxiety of patients, promote rehabilitation and increase the quality of life among patients with lung cancer in palliative care.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10604/5251

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1147 1148 Peyman REZAEI-HACHESU Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Reza SAFDARI Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan GHAZISAEEDI Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Taha SAMAD-SOLTANI Dept. of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17       Please provide alternate text for this image to ensure accessibility for users with text-only browsers or assistive devices https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10621 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10621/5266

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1062 1070 Gaukhar KAYUPOVA Dept. of Healthcare Policy and Management, SD Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Botagoz TURDALIYEVA Dept. of Healthcare Policy and Management, SD Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Kazbek TULEBAYEV Dept. of Healthcare Policy and Management, SD Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Tuyen Van DUONG School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Peter Wushou CHANG School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan AND National Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan Diana ZAGULOVA Baltic International Academy, Riga, Latvia 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: This study aimed to evaluate health literacy levels of patients in Almaty City, Kazakhstan and to identify socio-demographics and socio-economic factors related to their health literacy. Methods: An international survey instrument HLS-EU-Q developed by the European Health Literacy Consortium was used in a cross-sectional study with 1000 citizens in the Almaty City at the age of 18 and over who visited the outpatient departments in the polyclinics between Feb and Oct 2014. Results: There were 552 women and 446 men completed the survey, with mean ages as (41.8 ± 13.9) and (44.7 ± 15.2) yr old respectively, and women were significantly younger than men (P<0.001). Their general health literacy was (34.0 ± 8.6) for men and (33.49 ± 9.4) for women, without significant difference. In them, 15.5% or 30.0% were with inadequate or problematic health literacy. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that higher general health literacy was positively and significantly associated with high self- assessed social status (B=3.86, P<0.001), ability to pay for medications (B=3.42, P<0.001), low frequency of watching health related TV programs (B=2.37, P<0.001), moderate community involvement (B=2.23, P=0.03). Conclusion: Specific demographic and socio-economic determinants related to health literacy were identified the first time in Kazakhstan. This would facilitate programs to improve health outcomes in Kazakhstan.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10605 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10605/5252

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1149 1151 Morteza NASIRI School of Paramedicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Azam ARSANJANI SHIRAZI School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran Omid SADEGHI School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdieh BAGHERI BIDAKHAVIDI School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 dentify agencies (a person, an organization, or a service) that made contributions to the content or provided funding or support for the work presented in this submission. Separate them with a semi-colon (e.g. John Doe, Metro University; Master University, Department of Computer Science) https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10622 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10622/5267

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1071 1078 Manel BEN-HADJ-MOHAMED Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Souhir KHELIL Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Mokhles BEN DBIBIS Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Latifa KHLIFI Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Hend CHAHED Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Salima FERCHICHI Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Elyes BOUAJINA Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia Abdelhédi MILED Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease that causes chronic synovial inflammation eventually leading to joint destruction and disability. The aim of this study was to determine the variations of hepatic proteins, myeloperoxidase, and iron in rheumatoid arthritis Tunisian patients and their implications in inflammation and in iron metabolism. Methods: Overall, 172 patients from the Rheumatology Department of the University Hospital “Farhat Hached”, Sousse-Tunisia between 2011 and 2012, with rheumatoid arthritis (97.1% women, average age: 48±13 yr) and 147 healthy volunteers (70.1% women, average age: 46± 7 yr) were included in this study. Serum hepatic proteins (high-sensitive C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, albumin, transferrin, α-1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin) were assessed by immunoturbidimetry (COBAS INTEGRA 400, Roche) and ferritin was measured by a microparticulate immunoenzymatic technic (AxSYM, ABBOTT, Germany), Plasma myeloperoxidase was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Serum iron was measured according to a colorimetric method at 595 nm (CX9-BECKMANN Coulter-Fuller-Ton, CA). Results: Significantly higher levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, α-1-acid glycoprotein, Haptoglobin and myeloperoxidase in patients compared to controls (P<10-3). Albumin and iron rates were significantly decreased in patients compared to healthy group (P=0.026 and P<10-3, respectively). There were no differences between cases and controls for levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin and ferritin (P=0.782, P=0.808, and P=0.175, respectively). Conclusion: The high-sensitive C-reactive protein, α-1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin increased in acute phase proteins in rheumatoid arthritis disease. The pro-inflammatory cytokines affect iron metabolism leading to the iron deficiency and rheumatoid anemia, which influenced Tf and ferritin levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10606 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10606/5253

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1152 1153 Seyed Ramin RADFAR Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Los Angeles, USA Pardis NEMATOLLAHI Dept. of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ali FARHOUDIAN Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza NOROOZI Dept. of Neuroscience and Addiction, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Please provide alternate text for this image to ensure accessibility for users with text-only browsers or assistive devices. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10623 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10623/5268

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1079 1085 Xiliang DANG Dept. of Orthopedics, Weinan Central Hospital, Shaanxi Province, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China Liping LIAN Dept. of Orthopedics, Weinan Central Hospital, Shaanxi Province, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China Dongsheng WU Dept. of Orthopedics, Weinan Central Hospital, Shaanxi Province, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: We aimed to explore the prognosis and risk factors influencing tumor recurrence in surgery-treated patients with primary sacral tumors. Methods: Fifty-six patients between February 2011 and December 2016 in Yishui Central Hospital with primary sacral tumors were selected and treated with radical surgeries. The perioperative outcomes and postoperative neurological functions were observed. After postoperative follow-up, the overall survival time (OS), disease-free survival time (DFS), and recurrence were recorded to analyze the potential risk factors influencing tumor recurrence. Results: The average surgical duration and intraoperative hemorrhagic volume were 3.92 ± 1.46 h and 2, 348.21 ± 813.67 ml, respectively. The postoperative short-term complications included three patients with infection from obstructed drainage and two with skin flap necrosis-induced infection, who recovered after anti-infection therapies; nine with incision-edge necrosis; two with calf muscle venous thrombosis; and one with an endorhachis cerebrospinal fluid fistula, who recovered after conventional treatment. Among patients, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 91.07% (51/56), 82.14% (46/56), and 75.00% (42/56) while the 1-, 2- and 3-year DFS rates were 89.29% (50/56), 78.57% (44/56) and 71.43% (40/56), respectively. Of the 56 patients, 16 had recurrence after surgery, with recurrence rate of 28.57%. It was predicated that surgical methods and local infiltration were the independent risk factors influencing tumor recurrence (P<0.01). Conclusion: The reservation of bilateral S3 or > unilateral S3 nerves can improve quality of life of patients. Surgical methods and local infiltration are the independent risk factors influencing tumor recurrence, and extensive resection can effectively control the recurrence rate.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10607 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10607/5254

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1154 1155 Bang-Sub LEE Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Wooyoung CHUNG Dept. of College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea Eun-Ju CHOI Division of Sport Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Korea 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Please provide alternate text for this image to ensure accessibility for users with text-only browsers or assistive devices. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10624 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10624/5269

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1086 1094 Morvarid ZARIF-YEGANEH Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoor RASTEGARPANAH Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza GARMAROUDI Dept. of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Molouk HADJIBABAIE Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs and Clinical Pharmacy Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hojjat SHEIKH MOTAHAR VAHEDI Emergency Dept., Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17   Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of medication discrepancies and its related factors using medication reconciliation method in patients admitted to the emergency department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 adult patients with at least one chronic disease that used two regular prescription medications were included in 2015. After 24 h of admission, demographic data and patient's home medications were collected. Medication discrepancies were assessed through comparison of a best possible medication history list with the physician's orders. Results: Out of 200 patients (mean age, 61.5 yr; 86 males, 114 women), 77.5% of patients had one or more medication discrepancies. The most common discrepancies were medication omission (35.49%), change (14.22%) and substitution (10.97%), respectively. The relationship between number of comorbid conditions (P=0.025), regular home medications (P=<0.001), high-risk medications (P=0.032), medications pharmacological classes (P=<0.001) and medication discrepancies were statistically significant. Cardiovascular drugs compared to other medications classes showed the highest discrepancies (36.2%). Multiple logistic regression showed that the drug groups, including anti-infective for systemic use (OR=8.43; 95%CI 2.5-28.2; P=0.001), Antineoplastic and Immuno-modulator Agents (OR=0.49; 95%CI 0.27-0.87; P=0.016), Blood and Blood-Forming Organs (OR=0.33; 95%CI 0.21-0.52; P<0.001), Muscular-Skeletal System (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.13-5.1; P=0.022), Nervous-System (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.7-4.4; P<0.001), Respiratory-System (OR=0.38; 95%CI 0.22-0.67; P=0.001) were associated with the drug discrepancy. Conclusion: A medication discrepancy occurs commonly at hospital emergency department. Understanding the type and frequency of discrepancies with using structured medication reconciliation process can help clinicians to prevent them.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10608 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10608/5255

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1095 1103 Nahid RAMEZAN GHORBANI Dept. of Development and Cooperation of Information and Scientific Publications, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Yousef FAKOUR Deputy for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali NOJOUMI Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Researchers and academic institutions need assessment and rating to measure their performance. The criteria are designed to evaluate quality and adequacy of research and welcome by most universities as an international process to increase monitoring academic achievements. The study aimed to evaluate the increasing trend in global ranking of Iranian medical universities websites emphasizing on comparative approach. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving websites of Iranian medical universities. Sampling was conducted by census selecting universities affiliated to the Ministry of Health in webometrics rating system. Web sites of Iranian medical universities were investigated based on the webometrics indicators, global ranking as well as the process of changing their rating. Universities of medical sciences were associated with improved ratings in seven periods from Jan 2012 until Jan 2015. Results: The highest rank was in Jan 2014. Tehran University of Medical Sciences ranked the first in all periods. The highest ratings were about impact factor in universities of medical sciences reflecting the low level of this index in university websites. The least ranking was observed in type 1 universities. Conclusion: Despite the criticisms and weaknesses of these webometrics criteria, they are critical to this equation and should be checked for authenticity and suitability of goals. Therefore, localizing these criteria by the advantages model, ranking systems features, continuous development and medical universities evaluation based on these indicators provide new opportunities for the development of the country especially through online media.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10609 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10609/5256

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1104 1109 Ziba MAJIDI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahmoud DJALALI Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hasan JAVANBAKHT Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba FATHI Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mahnaz ZAREI Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh FOLADSAZ Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers in the world and that use to lifestyle, increasing chemical pollutions, environmental factors and poor nutrition. The most important cause of this cancer is oxidative stress and free radicals so antioxidant activities for the body are so important. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of zinc and (Malondialdehyde) MDA in BCC patients. Methods: This study has been performed on case and control patients from 2013 to 2014. The samples were collected from cell carcinoma patients at Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated the level of zinc with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Besides, we evaluated MDA with colorimetric assay. Results: The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in case group in comparison to control group (P=0.001). In addition, case group had lower concentration of zinc than the control group (P=0.000). There was no correlation between MDA and body mass index (BMI) and between zinc and BMI. Conclusion: All the patients with BCC showed a significant MDA serum in comparison with control group. However, significant decrease in zinc serum of the patients was seen that is because of consuming zinc during oxidative stress process so topical use of zinc in the form of 2+ ions could be effective on antioxidant protection against the sun UV radiation.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10610 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10610/5257

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17 1110 1117 Alireza BARFI QASRDASHTI Dept. of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mina Seied HABASHI Dept. of Endodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Peyman ARASTEH Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran AND MPH Dept., Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mahshid TORABI ARDAKANI Biomaterial Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra ABDOLI Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Sajjad EGHBALI Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2017 07 17 2017 07 17 Background: We evaluated factors that affect malignant transformation of leukoplakia in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: The records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia during a 20-year period from 1989-2009 referred to two of the largest referral centers in southern Iran were studied. Patients that developed malignant transformation were compared with patients that did not have malignant changes. Results: Of 522 patients, female patients, those over 50 yr old and with lesions located on the tongue had the highest rate of malignant changes. Female patients with malignant changes were mostly non-smokers (76.4%), while male patients with malignant changes were mostly smokers (63.8% in non-smokers) (P<0.001). In our univariate analysis, male sex and smoking showed lower chances for malignant transformation (OR: 0.57; CI=0.397-0.822 and OR: 0.025; CI=0.141-0.299, respectively), while age above 50 was a risk factor for malignant transformation (OR: 3.57; CI=2.32-5.42). In the multivariate analysis, smoking (OR: 0.317; 95% CI=0.16–0.626) and morphological presentation as erythroplakia (OR: 0.025; 95% CI=0.005-0.131) had low chances for developing malignant changes, while site of lesion on the tongue (OR: 774; 95% CI=60-9838) and morphological presentation as erythroleukoplakia (OR: 6.26; 95% CI=3.16-12.38) were a risk factor for developing malignant changes Conclusion: A follow-up program and further work-up should be considered for Iranian patients who have a leukoplakia lesion that is flat and are white patch or plaques with red components, in addition for patients who have lesions located on the tongue and for nonsmokers who develops leukoplakia lesions.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10611 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10611/5258

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 8 2017 07 17