Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 1 17 AH Mahvi School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2015 10 03 Ultrasonic technology as an innovative technology may be used for water and wastewater treatment for pollution removal. This technology acts as an advanced oxidation process. Application of this technology leads to the decomposition of many com­plex organic compounds to much simpler compounds during physical and chemical compounds during cavitation proc­ess. In this article review, some applications of this valuable technology are presented. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3184 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3184/2983

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 18 26 A Eslami Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Rese S Nasseri Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Rese B Yadollahi Dept. of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Iran A Mesdaghinia Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Rese F Vaezi Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Rese R Nabizadeh Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Rese 2015 10 03 Background: Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been commercially used as an octane enhancer to replace tetraethyl lead in gasoline since 1979. The high mobility, water solubility, and resistance to natural attenuation associated with MTBE may re­sult in contamination of ground and surface waters. In this investigation the degradation of aqueous MTBE at relatively high concentrations was studied by UV-vis/TiO2/O2 photocatalytic process. The effect of important operational parameters such as pH, oxygen flow, catalyst loading, and irradiation time were also studied. Methods:Concentration of MTBE and intermediates such as tert-butyl formate (TBF) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were meas­ured using a gas chromatograph equipped with flam ionization detector and combined with headspace sampler. Results: The time required for complete degradation increased from 15 to 150 min, when the initial concentration was in­creased from 10 to 500 mg/L. The first order rate constant for degradation of MTBE from the hydroxyl radical was esti­mated to be 0.266 to 0.033 min-1 as the concentration increased from 10 to 500 mg/L. Study on the overall mineralization moni­tored by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis showed that in the initial concentration of 100 mg/L MTBE, complete min­eralization was obtained after 110 min under UV-vis/TiO2/O2 photocatalytic process. Conclusion: The data presented in this paper clearly indicate that UV/TiO2/O2 advanced oxidation process provides an effi­cient treatment alternative for the remediation of MTBE contaminated water.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3185 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3185/2984

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 27 36 A Hossein-nezhad National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Bio Technology, Tehran, Iran Gh Ahangari National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Bio Technology, Tehran, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To evaluate VDR gene variation and its interaction with immune regulatory molecules in osteoporosis. Methods: Totally 205 pre and postmenopausal women were recruited in the study. After an overnight fast, peripheral blood was taken and centrifuged to sprat serum for measurement of serum parathyroid hormone, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, osteocal­cin and cross laps. The FokI polymorphism in exon 2 of the VDR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP. Expression of osteopro­tegrin, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and β-actin genes were quantified by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase. To design the experimental model we randomly selected five participants of each genotype groups. PBMC were cultured and induced with vitamin D. At several times, cells were harvested and total RNA was extracted .Then expression of target genes evaluated by real time PCR. Results: The frequencies of Ff, FF and ff genotypes were 34.2%, 56.5% and 9.2%. The mean of bone mineral density in FF genotype was higher than other genotypes. Also in this genotype, mean of serum inflammatory cytokines was lower than other genotypes. The expressions of the VDR and osteoprotegrin were up regulated by 1, 25(OH)2D3 in PBMC from participants with FF genotype. PBMC from healthy control comparison to osteoporotic patients had a clearly better response to vitamin D3 incubation. Conclusion: Inflammation may important role in osteoporosis whereas osteoporotic patients have elevated pro-inflamma­tory profile. This cytokine profile and gene expressions of VDR and Osteoprotegrin were different in VDR genotype groups.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3186 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3186/2985

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 37 43 F Agha-Hosseini Dept. of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical S M Khalili Dept. of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical B Rohani Dept. of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical S 2015 10 03 Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory muco-cutaneous disease classified among the potentially malignant lesions of oral mucosa. In this study we evaluated tissue expression of p53، ki-67 in OLP com­pared to normal oral mucosa. Methods: Specimens (formalin-fixed and paraffin- embedded) of 44 lesions of OLP and 30 controls referred to immuno­histochem­istry (IHC) analysis for p53 and ki-67. Results of immunohistochemistry were statistically evaluated by means of Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Kruskal- Wallis and t-test. The level of statistical significance was established at P< 0.05. Results: This study included 44 patients with OLP (27 females and 17 males) and 30 subjects as control group (18 females and 12 males).The mean expression of p53 in patients with OLP was greater than subjects in control group. The mean expres­sion of ki- 67 in patients with OLP was more than people in control group. These differences were statistically signifi­cant (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Since p53 and ki-67 extensively accepted as important biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of malig­nant and premalignant lesions, therefore high degree of presence of these biomarkers in chronic premalignant lesion like OLP can be a great helpful in its prognosis and suggested treatments. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3187 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3187/2986

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 44 50 S Alimoradi Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sc H Hajjaran Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sc M Mohebali Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sc F Mansouri Health Center of Kermanshah Province, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Characterization of Leishmania parasites is necessary for epidemiological objectives such as documenting the distri­bution of predominant species and designing appropriate control measures. In this study, we aimed to identify Leishma­nia species isolated from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients, using RAPD-PCR method. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed against 20 Leishmania spp. which were confirmed by para­si­tological examination, isolated from 30 suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, referred to Health Centers of Kerman­shah Province from August 2006 to December 2007. All desirable samples were characterized by RAPD-PCR method using five selected oligoprimers (AB1-O7, A4, 327, 329 and M13). Electrophoresis patterns from each isolate were com­pared with reference strains of L. tropica, L. major and L. infantum. Results: Eighty nine percent and 11% of isolates were similar to L. major and L. tropica reference strain, respectively.  Five of the isolates were identified as L. major using RAPD-PCR, induce ulcers at the base tail of Balb/c mice, 4-6 months after inocula­tion. Conclusion: L. major is dominant in the studied areas and it seems that some parts of the Kermanshah Province to be pro­ba­bly considered as zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in the middle west of Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3188 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3188/2987

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 51 57 M Hajiabdolbaghi Det. of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran S Jafari Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AR Esteghamati Center for Diseases Control of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran MN Dadras Center for Diseases Control of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran MM Gouya Center for Diseases Control of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran S Jam Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Emadi Koochak Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Kheirandish Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran S Shahriari Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Moradmand Badie Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To assess the frequency and type of adverse events after influenza vaccination in Iranian adults. Methods: Health care workers in 7 medical centers received the influenza vaccine from October 2006 to February 2007 and fol­lowed by phone regarding symptoms experienced after vaccination. Results: Of 897 adults who participated in the study, local and systemic reactions were reported by 187 (20.8%) and 198 (22.1%) persons, respectively. The most common local reaction was pain (20.2%), while myalgia (15.8%) was the most com­mon systemic reaction. One case of Guillain-barre syndrome was reported. Conclusion: Inactivated influenza vaccine administration did not result in potential adverse events in healthy adults. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3189 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3189/2988

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 58 64 S Senemar Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Fa H Ganjekarimi Paramedical School of Shiraz University of medical science (SUMS), Iran M Fathzadeh Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Fa S Senemar Center of Blood Transfusion of Shiraz, Iran B Tarami Dept. of Mathematics, Yasuj University, Iran M Bazrgar Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Fa 2015 10 03 Background: Classic phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disorder that results from a deficiency of a liver enzyme known as phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). In this study, we researched about PKU epidemiological factors and health quality of patients after the neonatal screening program. Methods: Neonatal screening for PKU was conducted by one neonatal screening center in Fars Province, in Shiraz Paramedical University. All Fars infants must refer only to this center, in which a heel prick blood sample  of each infant was collected at 72 hours postnatal on to standard filter paper and asked questions from the children's parent's and the doctor examined the patients receiving phenylalanine- free milk through examining the children's development. PKU was screened by Fluorometric method. Results: Totally of 70477 newborns screened for PKU, 15- cases of PKU detected with an incidence of 1:4698. In "Eghlid", that is a city in Fars Province. The prevalence of the disease is 1:382 of newly born babies. The frequency of familial marriage in these children's parents is 86.6%. Twenty nine percent of them were observed among those who had married their close relatives. Mean rate of normal development in PKU patients was 95%. Conclusion: Consanguineous marriage is a major cause in that pattern particular in Iranian. The treatment of PKU after newborn screening is used. With special diet in above of 90% newborn is satisfactory. Now screening should be executed for all of family that they have familial history of PKU in Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3190 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3190/2989

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 65 78 M Tozun Institute/Deparment: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health/ E A Unsal tprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c, and reduce adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in the number and quality of the included studies, the conclusion still requires further verification from more high-quality RCTs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38401 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38401/8591

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1555 1557 EN Ani Manukyan Department of Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia 2025 01 20 2025 07 08 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37902 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37902/8611

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1452 1461 Gökben Anıl Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey Neslihan Çetin Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey Hande Seven Avuk Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey 2024 05 03 2025 06 01 Background: Depression is not only a mental health condition, but also a complex disorder that affects eating behaviors and food choices, leading to changes in body weight. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index, eating behaviors, food choices, and depression levels in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Istanbul from Apr to Jun 2022 included 208 adults aged 18 to 65 yr (mean 30.84±9.21 yr). A questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic information, Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied. Height and body weight were measured. Results: Of the participants were 9.6% underweight, 48.1% normal, 30.8% overweight, and 11.5% obese. Underweight individuals had significantly lower weight control scores compared to normal and overweight, and their restrictive eating scores were significantly lower than those of normal, overweight, and obese (P=0.001). Compliance scores affecting food choice were significantly lower in individuals with minimal depression than in those with mild and moderate depression (P=0.018). Emotional and external eating were higher in moderately depressed individuals than in those with minimal depression (P=0.001; P=0.018, respectively). Restrictive eating was significantly lower in individuals with minimal depression than in those with moderate and severe (P<0.001). Mood, appropriateness, natural content, weight control, and ethical concern affecting food choice were associated with eating behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Body weight and depression levels were important factors in food choice and eating behaviors in adults. Our findings emphasize the importance ofDepression considering eating behaviors and depression levels in individuals' food choice motivations. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35394 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35394/8600

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1364 1376 Bayram Deleş Department of Child Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye Neriman Aral Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye 2025 01 13 2025 03 19 Background: The Father Role Perception Scale (FRPS) is a widely used tool to assess fathers' perceptions of their parenting roles. Understanding the consistency of its measurement across different studies is crucial for reliable interpretation of research findings. Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified 317 studies on fathering roles. Applying inclusion criteria, 32 studies with 9,987 participants were selected for meta-analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficients, an indicator of internal consistency reliability, were extracted from each study and analyzed to determine the overall reliability of the FRPS. Results: The meta-analysis revealed an average Cronbach's alpha value of 0.80 for the FRPS, indicating generally acceptable reliability. However, variability in reliability was observed across studies, potentially attributable to sample characteristics, data collection methods, or cultural differences. Conclusion: While the FRPS demonstrates acceptable reliability for assessing fathers' perceptions of their parenting roles, researchers should conduct reliability analyses within their specific study groups and consider potential influencing factors when interpreting results. This meta-analysis contributes valuable information for researchers and practitioners in family and child health, aiding in the understanding of fatherhood experiences and the development of supportive programs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37815 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37815/8592

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1558 1560 Yeowon Jeong Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dongguk University WISE Campus, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeong-sangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea Jung-Ha Kim Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dong-A University, 32 Daeshingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea 2024 10 28 2024 12 15 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37046/8612

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1462 1471 EN Dan Li College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Kai Li School of Finance and Taxation, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou, China 2025 05 26 2025 07 08 Background: As an important psychological antecedent of smartphone addiction, loneliness may have a far-reaching effect on the mental health of teenagers, especially their psychological depression. Interpersonal trust, which is an important psychological trait of individuals in social interaction, may play multiple mediating roles between loneliness and psychological depression. Methods: Overall, 691 adolescent smartphone addicts in Henan Province, China were surveyed by a group questionnaire. Relevant data were collected via loneliness scale, psychological depression scale, and interpersonal trust scale (including overall trust, emotional trust, and reliableness). The effect of loneliness on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts was discussed via statistical analysis, and the multiple mediating roles played by interpersonal trust in this relationship were tested. Results: Loneliness has a significantly positive effect on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts (P<0.01). Overall trust and emotional trust play a partial mediating role in the influence of loneliness on psychological depression, whereas reliableness plays a masking role in this influence relationship. Significant differences are observed in the influence of two factors—the length of smartphone use and the age—on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts (P<0.01). Conclusion: This study reveals the effect of loneliness on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts and the mediating role of interpersonal trust. To reduce the risk of adolescent psychological depression, psychological health intervention measures should attach importance to the enhancement of interpersonal trust, especially overall and emotional trust. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39269 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39269/8601

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1377 1388 Jacob Attah Public Health Department, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom Martha Attah 1. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus 3. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria 2024 05 16 2025 02 06 Background: The results of the risk factors associated with tobacco use is a public health concern that slows global progress in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 to ensure healthy lives. This is more pronounced in low-income countries like Nigeria where tobacco use remains prevalent leading to various types of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to review systematically relevant literature to unravel the effects of interventions and policies geared towards tobacco control within Nigeria. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and ProQuest central databases, including an exploration of Google Scholar was carried out from 2012-22 for relevant studies within the last decade. The final selected studies were screened based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and their quality critically appraised. Six articles were included in the final review, 2 were cross-sectional studies, and 4 were experimental. Results: Thematic and narrative synthesis of reports showed that tobacco price increase led to lower tobacco demand and use as the price elasticity of tobacco demand estimated in different target groups provided. Moreover, health education interventions positively affected tobacco control as there was a change in knowledge, attitude and practice in groups that had received interventions in Nigeria. Conclusion: The chosen interventions and policies were effective in promoting tobacco control. There should therefore be an intentional drive to ensure enactment of policies based on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. A global effort also must also be put to tackle prevalent health inequalities especially in developing countries like Nigeria. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35539 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35539/8593

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1561 1562 Shabnam Ghasemyani Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Med-ical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2025 01 28 2025 06 08 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38000 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38000/8613

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1472 1481 Navien Arul Raj Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Juliana Usman 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2. Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Siew-Li Goh Sport Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Khin Wee Lai Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Saad Jawaid Khan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology, and Management, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan 2024 03 11 2024 12 22 Background: Musculoskeletal problems among drivers sourced from severe traffic congestion have become a substantial public health issue. Prominent driving risk exposures were deemed to inflict symptoms such as discomfort and ache among drivers that subsequently contribute to fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between frequency and period of getting stuck during driving through stop-go motion towards the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems. Moreover, several combined effects of parameters were investigated towards the experience of knee pain among drivers. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey method. The survey conducted in 2021 was randomly sampled among 18-year-old and above Malaysian drivers with valid driving license and the survey conducted through social media via an online Google form. To analyse the association and outcomes of the survey, Chi-Square and Binary Logistic Regression tests were used respectively. Results: Overall, 320 drivers were recruited in this study. Data of 180 drivers who frequently stuck during peak hours in congestion was analysed with chi-square test that showed no significant relationship for both the driving exposure variables with the prevalence of knee pain during stop-go motion. Nevertheless, 92 (51.11%) drivers reported commonly experiencing knee pain symptoms from prolonged repetitive driving motion. The total sample of this study tested using regression analysis for combined effects of the parameters showed a significant (P<0.05) correlation of the drivers’ experience of knee pain while driving in heavy traffic. Conclusion: Generally, there are combined variables that contributed towards the occurrence of knee pain during stop-go driving in this study. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34874 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34874/8602

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1389 1398 Abbas Heydari Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amir Mirhaghi Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Kavian Ghandehari Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Rajabpour Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2024 08 18 2025 01 25 Background: Accurately identifying the relationship between infection and the readmission of stroke patients leads to emphasis more the corresponding strategies. We aimed to determine the relationship between infection and readmission in stroke patients. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "stroke," "readmission," "recurrence," "re-hospitalization," and "infection" up to 2024. The rate of readmissions due to infection, along with the Odds Ratio (OR) for infection, was calculated using a random effects model via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2 software. Results: Based on the reviewed studies, the 30-day readmission rate of stroke patients due to infection ranged from 6.5% to 30.0% and the one-year readmission rate ranged from 5.1% to 24.5%. Also, infection is an important risk factor in the readmission of stroke patients based on cohort studies (RR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.16-1.65, P<0.001), case-control (OR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16-2.42, P= 0.006) and descriptive-analytical (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.59, P= 0.008). Conclusion: The readmission rate of stroke due to infection is high and tackling infection-related readmissions in stroke patients necessitates a holistic strategy that combines clinical care, technological advancements, and education. More studies are needed in this field. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36411 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36411/8594

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1482 1492 Ye Hoon Lee Division of Global Sport Industry, College of Culture & Technology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Hyungseok Seo Graduate School of Global Sports, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sejin Park Graduate School of Global Sports, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ju-Hee Hwang 1. Graduate School of Global Sports, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of 2024 11 13 2025 04 06 Background: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of health belief model-based nudge messaging on engagement in stretching that was either threat-based or benefit-based. Methods: A quasi-experimental design allocated the participants (N=69) into three groups: the threat nudge group, which received messages emphasizing perceived susceptibility and severity; the benefit nudge group, which received messages on the advantages of stretching; and the control group, which received no messages. The study was conducted in South Korea from October to November 2024. Participants’ engagement in stretching was measured over a six-week period using the health application, which provided the stretching exercise sessions and tracked and recorded their duration. Results: The threat nudge group exhibited the largest increase in stretching behavior, significantly outperforming both the benefit nudge group and the control group. The benefit nudge group showed an improvement but it tended to be a generally smaller and less dramatic effect than the threat nudge group. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in stretching time across groups (F2,67 = 26.43, P=.000; ηp2 =0.44), with post-hoc tests indicating that the threat nudge group significantly outperformed both the benefit nudge and the control group in stretching duration. Conclusion: One implication of these findings was that, as suggested by the health belief model, perceived threat can be a strong motivator for behavior change in the short term while perceived benefits alone may not be sufficient to drive immediate action. Practically, threat-based messaging can be particularly useful in the short term for physical activity instructors and app developers to motivate clients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37190 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37190/8603

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1399 1410 Mana Shojapour Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Samira Asgharzade 1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2024 09 30 2025 01 25Name> Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2019 01 16 Background: Elderly falls increase dramatically with age and are a leading cause of injury, carrying a risk of loss of independence and death. We studied the effects of a health education program on fall-risk prevention among urban elderly persons in the municipality of Khon Kaen, Thailand. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2 communities. The calculated sample size was 216 individuals: 108 for intervention and 108 for control, all of whom were 60 or older, and registered at the Samlium Primary Care Unit (SPCU). The educational intervention was a fall risk intervention program by an elderly buddy. A structured questionnaire that incorporated questions from the Thai Fall Risk Assessment Tool (Thai-FRAT) was used to collect general and specific information. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and c2, with P<0.05 being statistically significant. Results: The response rate was 94.4%. More than half of the respondents were at risk of a fall. The prevalence of risk of a fall among the intervention group was slightly less than that for those within the control group [Intervention group=52.9% (95%CI: 42.85, 62.81, P<0.001); Control group=60.8% (95%CI: 50.59, 70.15, P=0.016)]. After 6 months of intervention, the balance impairment, medicine usage, and overall proportion with risk of fall were decreased. The difference between the intervention and control groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The provision of a health education program designed for fall risk prevention among the elderly would be a useful public health initiative.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15944 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15944/6259

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 187 188 Fariba KHAYYATI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad ASGHARI JAFARABADI Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Masoud LOTFIZADEH Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Asrin KARIMI Neurosciences Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Khaled RAHMANI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2019 01 16 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15959 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15959/6274

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 112 119 Sheng-Jun WANG Department of Teaching, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Li-Juan LIU Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Guang-Yue JI Department of Logistics Support, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China AND Department of Training, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Xiao-Hua (Andrew) ZHOU Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Washington, America Tian-Jiao JIANG Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Mei-Hua LU Department of Teaching, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China De-Lin YU Department of Medical Administration, Guilin Sanatorium of Guangzhou Military Command Area, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China Qiang GUO Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Jin-Hai SUN Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China 2019 01 16 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of faculty and research activities of basic stem cell research groups in China. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to persons who knew the information among 46 basic stem cell research groups in China. Multiple linear regression models and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used. Results: Of the 46 groups, 39.1% did not have any faculty recruited from abroad from 2009 to 2013, 37.0% did not have any faculty with junior-level title, 34.8% had ≤25.0% faculty with either M.D. or Ph.D. degree. Papers published in SCI journals per faculty and having faculty recruited from abroad were positively associated with research funding per faculty. The groups with faculty recruited from abroad had significantly higher research funding per faculty over time compared with the group without faculty recruited from abroad. Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed the group with faculty recruited from abroad had significantly higher research funding per faculty over time compared with the group without faculty recruited from abroad. Conclusion: To increase the development of basic stem cell research, some characteristics of human resources should be improved, and the groups should recruit more faculty with overseas experience.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15945 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15945/6260

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 120 125 Can ONER Department of Family Medicine, Kartal Dr Lütfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Binali CATAK Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey 2019 01 16 Background: High-quality prenatal care services could decrease maternal-neonatal mortality and morbidities. The aim of this study was to compare institutional and unplanned home deliveries with regard to the use and content of prenatal care services. Methods: The study was conducted in 2011 with two hundred and twenty-nine mothers with unplanned deliveries at home as study group and 458 mothers having institutional deliveries as controls living in Istanbul. The content of prenatal care was evaluated in accordance with the national ministry of health prenatal care management guidelines and the data was collected by a questionnaire with face to face interview. Results: Women with unplanned deliveries at home use prenatal care services less frequently. Percentage of mothers that had home deliveries and did not use prenatal care services was 16.2% while this was only 3.4% in women having institutional deliveries (P=0.001). Moreover, all parameters of pre