Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 1 11 A Mirzazadeh Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Sadeghirad Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran AA Haghdoost Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Bahreini Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Rezazadeh Kermani Medical Student Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: There is a great deal of descriptive studies on obesity in Iran, mostly assessed the prevalence and its relation­ship with various risk factors and chronic diseases. In order to obtain/give a better insight into the epidemiology of obesity in Iran in recent years and assess its heterogeneity around the country, we reviewed systematically all available studies and ana­lyzed their findings using Meta-analysis. Methods: All published papers in Iranian and international journals, final reports of research projects, papers in relevant con­gresses, proceeding books and dissertations of students were reviewed. Those findings, which published between 1997 and 2007 and met eligible criteria, were entered in meta-analysis (Random Model). Results: Fifty eight eligible papers (out of 219) including 132864 individuals were entered into analysis. The overall preva­lence of obesity for adults (>18 yr) and children (<18y) was 21.5% (CI95% 17.4-25.6) and 5.5% (CI95% 4.5-6.4), respec­tively. The prevalence of obesity in boys and girls (<18y) was 5.3% (CI95% 4.1-6.4) and 4.8% (CI95% 4.0-5.7), respec­tively. It increased in both adult men and women to 13.7% (CI95% 10.9-16.7) and 27.3% (CI95% 21.3-33.4), respectively. Meta regression indicated that only age explained a considerable proportion of the observed heterogeneity among women. Conclusion: In overall, the risk of obesity was greater in women, but even in adults, the prevalence was less than that in devel­oped countries. The percentage of obesity was increased by aging, especially in women. There were large variations in the re­ported prevalence of obesity in Iran; it is mainly because of the different in the distributions of age and sex among the sub­jects. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3164 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3164/2963

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 12 16 N Parvaneh Dept. of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran Universit B Pourakbari Dept. of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran Universit KH Daneshjoo Dept. of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Ashraf Dept. of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran Universit A Salavati Dept. of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran Universit S Mamishi Dept. of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran Universit 2015 10 03 Background: Cytokines and specially interferon-gamma (IFN-g) are largely responsible for the regulation of the protective im­mune response against mycobacterial infections. Several studies have clarified the importance of common variants of IFN-g gene regarding the susceptibility to tuberculosis. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine that is used to prevent se­vere forms of tuberculosis could produce local and systemic side effects. In this study we hypothesized that the IFN-g (+874T/A) polymorphism was associated with development of BCG adenitis. Methods: Thirty patients with BCG adenitis (18 males and 12 females) and 30 age and sex-matched healthy children, vacci­nated with BCG during the first two days of life were chosen. All the patients and controls were of Iranian Fars origin and the study was conducted from 2005 to 2007. DNA samples were obtained from 30 patients with BCG adenitis and 30 age and sex matched healthy vaccinees. Polymorphism at +874 was identified using allele specific polymerase chain reac­tion. Allele and genotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared using the χ2 test and odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: The minor allele (T) frequency was significantly lower in patients with BCG adenitis compared to controls (35% vs. 55%, P= 0.02, OR= 0.441, 95% CI= 0.211-0.919). The Armitage trend test revealed a gradually increasing protection from the AA genotype through AT to TT (common odds ratio= 0.49; P= 0.037). Conclusion: Our data suggest that in an Iranian population, the IFN-g (+874T/A) polymorphism is associated with develop­ment of BCG adenitis in the vaccinees. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3165 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3165/2964

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 17 23 M Aarabi Dept. of Reproductive Genetics and Biotechnology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesin K Saliminejad Dept. of Reproductive Genetics and Biotechnology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesin MR Sadeghi Dept. of Reproductive Genetics and Biotechnology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesin H Soltanghoraee Avesina Infertility Clinic, Avesina Research Institute, Tehran, Iran N Amirjannati Avesina Infertility Clinic, Avesina Research Institute, Tehran, Iran MH Modarressi 2015 10 03 Background: Deletions of the DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) genes within the human Y chromosome's AZFc region are the most common cause of spermatogenesis failure. These deletions are usually assessed by analyses of genomic DNA ex­tracted from peripheral leukocytes. DAZ genes are expressed in male germ cells. In this prospective study, we investigated DAZ expression and deletion in 102 consecutive infertile men presenting with non-obstructive azoospermia in Avesina Re­search Institute, Tehran, Iran during 2005-6. Methods: In this prospective study, we extracted genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes for detection of DAZ dele­tions and testicular biopsies for histopathological assessment and analyses of DAZ expression level by reverse transcrip­tion polymerase chain reaction. DAZ levels were normalized to expression of the housekeeping Phosphoglu-comu­tase 1 gene. Results:  In four out of 102 patients (3.9%), we found DAZ deletion. DAZ expression was observed in 60 (61.2%) of 98 other patients. Expression was not detected in patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome, but observed in 37 of 40 (92.5%) pa­tients with maturation arrest and 20 of 26 (76.9%) with hypospermatogenesis. Conclusion: The absence of DAZ expression could result in quantitative reduction of germ cells and might be observed de­spite of normal genomic DNA constitution. We recommend to check DAZ testicular expression and genomic DNA deletion, in non-obstructive azoospermia. This is more recommended to avoid transmission of genetic abnormalities which might lead to infertility in male offspring, when assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are  performed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3166 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3166/2965

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 24 30 MR Abbaszadegan Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad Univers H Asadzadeh Aghdayi Internal Medicine Ward, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran F Rastin Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, MUMS, Mashhad, Iran E Dadkhah Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad Univers M Lotfalizadeh N Mohamadian Roshan M Farzadnia A Velayati A A'rabi 2015 10 03 Background: This study was designed to determine the frequency of Microsatellite Instability (MSI) in young Iranian pa­tients with endometrial carcinoma and to evaluate its association with histopathologic and clinical features of disease. Methods: Microsatellite status was analyzed in 23 patients with endometrioid type endometrial cancer who were less than 55 years. Clinicopathologic characteristics such as age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetric (FIGO) grad­ing and staging of tumor, family history of Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), oral conception (OC) consump­tion, number of pregnancies, fertility, menstrual cycles and underlying disease were considered. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to find the significant relationships. Results: MSI analysis showed 8 patients (34.8%) were MSS (Microsatellite Stable), 15 patients (62.5%) were MSI positive. Among cases with MSI phenotype, 4 cases (17.4%) had low instability (MSI-L) and 11 cases (47.8%) had high instability (MSI-H). Three cases with MSI-H had family history of HNPCC related cancers. Five cases (21.7%) had infertility in which 4 of them (80%) had MSI phenotype. There was no statistically significant relationship between MSI phenotype and tumor grade and stage. Conclusion: Few studies reported high frequency of MSI among young patients. Some studies mentioned similar results in endo­metrioid type of tumor. This study showed even higher frequency (65%) when MSI analyzed in young endometrioid type endometrial patients. Most cases with infertility had MSI-H phenotype. It may suggest that beside women with family his­tory of HNPCC, EC screening using MSI would be beneficial in infertile women too.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3167 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3167/2966

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 31 38 JC Nmor Dept. of Global Health Development Policy Science, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki Universi JO Onojafe Dept. of Zoology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria BA Omu Dept. of Zoology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria 2015 10 03 Background: The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and the anthropogenic risk factors of 978 ran­domly selected primary school children from Igbede community in Isoko South Local Government Area of Delta State Southern Nigeria were evaluated. Methods: Subjects were screened for the presence of STH using direct smear method and kato-katz techniques. This study was conducted between April and December, 2007 and comprised of 516 (52.76%) males and 462 (47.24%) females be­tween the age of 5 and 13 years. Results: Nine hundred and seven (92.74%) of the subjects were infected by soil-transmitted helminthes (STH). The overall prevalence by species was Ascaris lumbricoides (76.89%), Hookworm (54.60%) and Trichuris Trichiura (29.24%). Three hundred and eight two (39.40%) were infected with two or more STH. The prevalence and intensity of all species of STH significantly varied with age (P< 0.05), with highest prevalence in age group 5-7 years. The sex related prevalence showed that males were more infected for all species of STH than females, but this was only statistically significant for hookworm (P< 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis for the epidemiological variable showed that walking barefoot was the only risk factor for hookworm infection while licking of fingers as well as drinking from well and surface tank was risk factors for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of STH observed from this study, establishment of sustainable and regular deworming programme in the community coupled with health education messages on good hygienic practices are highly essential. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3168 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3168/2967

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 39 45 L Yazdanpanah F Shidfar JA Moosavi H Heidarnazhad H Haghani 2015 10 03 Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a major public health problem in the world. Weight loss, muscle and fat mass depletion are common nutritional problems in COPD patients and are determinant factors in pul­monary function, health status, disability and mortality. In the present study, we assessed nutritional status in COPD pa­tients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Rasul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran on 63 COPD patients with mean age (SD) of 67.6 (9.4) years. All subjects were diagnosed by a pulmonary specialist and based on a spirometry test. They were divided into three groups (2, 3, 4 stages of disease). Anthropometric and biochemical indices, body composition analy­ses by bioelectric impedance, spirometry test and determination of disease severity were performed for all subjects. All analy­ses were performed using the SPSS 14. All data presented as means (± sd).  Results: Reduction of body mass index (BMI), Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) were ob­served alongside an increase in disease severity but it was not significant. Significant reduction of Fat Mass (FM) (P= 0.007), Fat Mass Index (FMI) (P= 0.03) and biochemical indices like Albumin (P= 0.000) and Total Protein (P= 0.04) were associ­ated with an increase in disease stages. Conclusion: It is suggested that in addition to BMI, other nutritional status indices like MAMC, FFM and FM should be used for early diagnosis of malnutrition before weight loss occurs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3169 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3169/2968

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 3 2009 09 15 46 53 F Zaini M Mahmoudi ASA Mehbod P Kordbacheh tprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c, and reduce adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in the number and quality of the included studies, the conclusion still requires further verification from more high-quality RCTs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38401 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38401/8591

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1555 1557 EN Ani Manukyan Department of Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia 2025 01 20 2025 07 08 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37902 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37902/8611

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1452 1461 Gökben Anıl Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey Neslihan Çetin Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey Hande Seven Avuk Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey 2024 05 03 2025 06 01 Background: Depression is not only a mental health condition, but also a complex disorder that affects eating behaviors and food choices, leading to changes in body weight. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index, eating behaviors, food choices, and depression levels in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Istanbul from Apr to Jun 2022 included 208 adults aged 18 to 65 yr (mean 30.84±9.21 yr). A questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic information, Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied. Height and body weight were measured. Results: Of the participants were 9.6% underweight, 48.1% normal, 30.8% overweight, and 11.5% obese. Underweight individuals had significantly lower weight control scores compared to normal and overweight, and their restrictive eating scores were significantly lower than those of normal, overweight, and obese (P=0.001). Compliance scores affecting food choice were significantly lower in individuals with minimal depression than in those with mild and moderate depression (P=0.018). Emotional and external eating were higher in moderately depressed individuals than in those with minimal depression (P=0.001; P=0.018, respectively). Restrictive eating was significantly lower in individuals with minimal depression than in those with moderate and severe (P<0.001). Mood, appropriateness, natural content, weight control, and ethical concern affecting food choice were associated with eating behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Body weight and depression levels were important factors in food choice and eating behaviors in adults. Our findings emphasize the importance ofDepression considering eating behaviors and depression levels in individuals' food choice motivations. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35394 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35394/8600

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1364 1376 Bayram Deleş Department of Child Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye Neriman Aral Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye 2025 01 13 2025 03 19 Background: The Father Role Perception Scale (FRPS) is a widely used tool to assess fathers' perceptions of their parenting roles. Understanding the consistency of its measurement across different studies is crucial for reliable interpretation of research findings. Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified 317 studies on fathering roles. Applying inclusion criteria, 32 studies with 9,987 participants were selected for meta-analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficients, an indicator of internal consistency reliability, were extracted from each study and analyzed to determine the overall reliability of the FRPS. Results: The meta-analysis revealed an average Cronbach's alpha value of 0.80 for the FRPS, indicating generally acceptable reliability. However, variability in reliability was observed across studies, potentially attributable to sample characteristics, data collection methods, or cultural differences. Conclusion: While the FRPS demonstrates acceptable reliability for assessing fathers' perceptions of their parenting roles, researchers should conduct reliability analyses within their specific study groups and consider potential influencing factors when interpreting results. This meta-analysis contributes valuable information for researchers and practitioners in family and child health, aiding in the understanding of fatherhood experiences and the development of supportive programs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37815 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37815/8592

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1558 1560 Yeowon Jeong Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dongguk University WISE Campus, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeong-sangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea Jung-Ha Kim Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dong-A University, 32 Daeshingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea 2024 10 28 2024 12 15 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37046/8612

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1462 1471 EN Dan Li College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Kai Li School of Finance and Taxation, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou, China 2025 05 26 2025 07 08 Background: As an important psychological antecedent of smartphone addiction, loneliness may have a far-reaching effect on the mental health of teenagers, especially their psychological depression. Interpersonal trust, which is an important psychological trait of individuals in social interaction, may play multiple mediating roles between loneliness and psychological depression. Methods: Overall, 691 adolescent smartphone addicts in Henan Province, China were surveyed by a group questionnaire. Relevant data were collected via loneliness scale, psychological depression scale, and interpersonal trust scale (including overall trust, emotional trust, and reliableness). The effect of loneliness on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts was discussed via statistical analysis, and the multiple mediating roles played by interpersonal trust in this relationship were tested. Results: Loneliness has a significantly positive effect on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts (P<0.01). Overall trust and emotional trust play a partial mediating role in the influence of loneliness on psychological depression, whereas reliableness plays a masking role in this influence relationship. Significant differences are observed in the influence of two factors—the length of smartphone use and the age—on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts (P<0.01). Conclusion: This study reveals the effect of loneliness on the psychological depression of adolescent smartphone addicts and the mediating role of interpersonal trust. To reduce the risk of adolescent psychological depression, psychological health intervention measures should attach importance to the enhancement of interpersonal trust, especially overall and emotional trust. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39269 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39269/8601

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1377 1388 Jacob Attah Public Health Department, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom Martha Attah 1. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus 3. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria 2024 05 16 2025 02 06 Background: The results of the risk factors associated with tobacco use is a public health concern that slows global progress in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 to ensure healthy lives. This is more pronounced in low-income countries like Nigeria where tobacco use remains prevalent leading to various types of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to review systematically relevant literature to unravel the effects of interventions and policies geared towards tobacco control within Nigeria. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and ProQuest central databases, including an exploration of Google Scholar was carried out from 2012-22 for relevant studies within the last decade. The final selected studies were screened based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and their quality critically appraised. Six articles were included in the final review, 2 were cross-sectional studies, and 4 were experimental. Results: Thematic and narrative synthesis of reports showed that tobacco price increase led to lower tobacco demand and use as the price elasticity of tobacco demand estimated in different target groups provided. Moreover, health education interventions positively affected tobacco control as there was a change in knowledge, attitude and practice in groups that had received interventions in Nigeria. Conclusion: The chosen interventions and policies were effective in promoting tobacco control. There should therefore be an intentional drive to ensure enactment of policies based on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. A global effort also must also be put to tackle prevalent health inequalities especially in developing countries like Nigeria. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35539 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35539/8593

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1561 1562 Shabnam Ghasemyani Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Med-ical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2025 01 28 2025 06 08 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38000 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38000/8613

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1472 1481 Navien Arul Raj Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Juliana Usman 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2. Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Siew-Li Goh Sport Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Khin Wee Lai Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Saad Jawaid Khan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology, and Management, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan 2024 03 11 2024 12 22 Background: Musculoskeletal problems among drivers sourced from severe traffic congestion have become a substantial public health issue. Prominent driving risk exposures were deemed to inflict symptoms such as discomfort and ache among drivers that subsequently contribute to fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between frequency and period of getting stuck during driving through stop-go motion towards the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems. Moreover, several combined effects of parameters were investigated towards the experience of knee pain among drivers. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey method. The survey conducted in 2021 was randomly sampled among 18-year-old and above Malaysian drivers with valid driving license and the survey conducted through social media via an online Google form. To analyse the association and outcomes of the survey, Chi-Square and Binary Logistic Regression tests were used respectively. Results: Overall, 320 drivers were recruited in this study. Data of 180 drivers who frequently stuck during peak hours in congestion was analysed with chi-square test that showed no significant relationship for both the driving exposure variables with the prevalence of knee pain during stop-go motion. Nevertheless, 92 (51.11%) drivers reported commonly experiencing knee pain symptoms from prolonged repetitive driving motion. The total sample of this study tested using regression analysis for combined effects of the parameters showed a significant (P<0.05) correlation of the drivers’ experience of knee pain while driving in heavy traffic. Conclusion: Generally, there are combined variables that contributed towards the occurrence of knee pain during stop-go driving in this study. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34874 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34874/8602

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1389 1398 Abbas Heydari Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amir Mirhaghi Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Kavian Ghandehari Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Rajabpour Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2024 08 18 2025 01 25 Background: Accurately identifying the relationship between infection and the readmission of stroke patients leads to emphasis more the corresponding strategies. We aimed to determine the relationship between infection and readmission in stroke patients. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "stroke," "readmission," "recurrence," "re-hospitalization," and "infection" up to 2024. The rate of readmissions due to infection, along with the Odds Ratio (OR) for infection, was calculated using a random effects model via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2 software. Results: Based on the reviewed studies, the 30-day readmission rate of stroke patients due to infection ranged from 6.5% to 30.0% and the one-year readmission rate ranged from 5.1% to 24.5%. Also, infection is an important risk factor in the readmission of stroke patients based on cohort studies (RR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.16-1.65, P<0.001), case-control (OR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16-2.42, P= 0.006) and descriptive-analytical (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.59, P= 0.008). Conclusion: The readmission rate of stroke due to infection is high and tackling infection-related readmissions in stroke patients necessitates a holistic strategy that combines clinical care, technological advancements, and education. More studies are needed in this field. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36411 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36411/8594

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1482 1492 Ye Hoon Lee Division of Global Sport Industry, College of Culture & Technology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Hyungseok Seo Graduate School of Global Sports, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sejin Park Graduate School of Global Sports, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ju-Hee Hwang 1. Graduate School of Global Sports, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of 2024 11 13 2025 04 06 Background: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of health belief model-based nudge messaging on engagement in stretching that was either threat-based or benefit-based. Methods: A quasi-experimental design allocated the participants (N=69) into three groups: the threat nudge group, which received messages emphasizing perceived susceptibility and severity; the benefit nudge group, which received messages on the advantages of stretching; and the control group, which received no messages. The study was conducted in South Korea from October to November 2024. Participants’ engagement in stretching was measured over a six-week period using the health application, which provided the stretching exercise sessions and tracked and recorded their duration. Results: The threat nudge group exhibited the largest increase in stretching behavior, significantly outperforming both the benefit nudge group and the control group. The benefit nudge group showed an improvement but it tended to be a generally smaller and less dramatic effect than the threat nudge group. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in stretching time across groups (F2,67 = 26.43, P=.000; ηp2 =0.44), with post-hoc tests indicating that the threat nudge group significantly outperformed both the benefit nudge and the control group in stretching duration. Conclusion: One implication of these findings was that, as suggested by the health belief model, perceived threat can be a strong motivator for behavior change in the short term while perceived benefits alone may not be sufficient to drive immediate action. Practically, threat-based messaging can be particularly useful in the short term for physical activity instructors and app developers to motivate clients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37190 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37190/8603

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1399 1410 Mana Shojapour Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Samira Asgharzade 1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2024 09 30 2025 01 25Name> Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2019 01 16 Background: Elderly falls increase dramatically with age and are a leading cause of injury, carrying a risk of loss of independence and death. We studied the effects of a health education program on fall-risk prevention among urban elderly persons in the municipality of Khon Kaen, Thailand. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2 communities. The calculated sample size was 216 individuals: 108 for intervention and 108 for control, all of whom were 60 or older, and registered at the Samlium Primary Care Unit (SPCU). The educational intervention was a fall risk intervention program by an elderly buddy. A structured questionnaire that incorporated questions from the Thai Fall Risk Assessment Tool (Thai-FRAT) was used to collect general and specific information. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and c2, with P<0.05 being statistically significant. Results: The response rate was 94.4%. More than half of the respondents were at risk of a fall. The prevalence of risk of a fall among the intervention group was slightly less than that for those within the control group [Intervention group=52.9% (95%CI: 42.85, 62.81, P<0.001); Control group=60.8% (95%CI: 50.59, 70.15, P=0.016)]. After 6 months of intervention, the balance impairment, medicine usage, and overall proportion with risk of fall were decreased. The difference between the intervention and control groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The provision of a health education program designed for fall risk prevention among the elderly would be a useful public health initiative.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15944 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15944/6259

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 187 188 Fariba KHAYYATI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad ASGHARI JAFARABADI Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Masoud LOTFIZADEH Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Asrin KARIMI Neurosciences Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Khaled RAHMANI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2019 01 16 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15959 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15959/6274

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 112 119 Sheng-Jun WANG Department of Teaching, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Li-Juan LIU Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Guang-Yue JI Department of Logistics Support, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China AND Department of Training, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Xiao-Hua (Andrew) ZHOU Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Washington, America Tian-Jiao JIANG Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Mei-Hua LU Department of Teaching, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China De-Lin YU Department of Medical Administration, Guilin Sanatorium of Guangzhou Military Command Area, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China Qiang GUO Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China Jin-Hai SUN Department of Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China 2019 01 16 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of faculty and research activities of basic stem cell research groups in China. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to persons who knew the information among 46 basic stem cell research groups in China. Multiple linear regression models and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used. Results: Of the 46 groups, 39.1% did not have any faculty recruited from abroad from 2009 to 2013, 37.0% did not have any faculty with junior-level title, 34.8% had ≤25.0% faculty with either M.D. or Ph.D. degree. Papers published in SCI journals per faculty and having faculty recruited from abroad were positively associated with research funding per faculty. The groups with faculty recruited from abroad had significantly higher research funding per faculty over time compared with the group without faculty recruited from abroad. Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed the group with faculty recruited from abroad had significantly higher research funding per faculty over time compared with the group without faculty recruited from abroad. Conclusion: To increase the development of basic stem cell research, some characteristics of human resources should be improved, and the groups should recruit more faculty with overseas experience.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15945 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15945/6260

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 120 125 Can ONER Department of Family Medicine, Kartal Dr Lütfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Binali CATAK Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey 2019 01 16 Background: High-quality prenatal care services could decrease maternal-neonatal mortality and morbidities. The aim of this study was to compare institutional and unplanned home deliveries with regard to the use and content of prenatal care services. Methods: The study was conducted in 2011 with two hundred and twenty-nine mothers with unplanned deliveries at home as study group and 458 mothers having institutional deliveries as controls living in Istanbul. The content of prenatal care was evaluated in accordance with the national ministry of health prenatal care management guidelines and the data was collected by a questionnaire with face to face interview. Results: Women with unplanned deliveries at home use prenatal care services less frequently. Percentage of mothers t