Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 1 5 X Ying Zh Song Ch Zhao Y Jiang 2015 10 03 Background: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young Chinese population and assess the as­sociation between HOMA-IR and different components of MetS in young Chinese men. Methods: Overall 5576 young Chinese subjects (age range [19-44 yr], 3636 men) were enrolled in, who visited our Health Care Center for a related health checkup from March to December 2008. The international diabetes federation (IDF) definition for MetS was used. The SPSS statistical package, version 11.5 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 21.81% in young men and 5.62% in young women. According to suffering from dif­ferent numbers of MetS components, the male subjects were divided into four groups. Numbers of MetS components were more and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher. In this male population, the quartile of HOMA-IR was higher, values of triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pres­sure(DBP) and waist circumference (WC) were all significantly higher, as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) value was significantly lower (P= 0.000). In Spearman's correlation analysis, HOMA-IR was positively corre­lated with TG, FBG, SBP, DBP and WC, and negatively correlated with HDL-C (r= 0.460, 0.464, 0.362, 0.346, 0.586, -0.357, respectively, all P value= 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS in these young Chinese men was obviously high. Insulin resistance played an impor­tant role in occurrence and development of MetS. Waist circumference was the best correlation with HOMA-IR among all components of MetS. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3044 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3044/2844

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 6 10 SF Tee PY Tang HC Loh 2015 10 03 Background: Molecular components of the dopamine receptor (DRD3) play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism and SCZ but the results have been inconclusive. Method: In this study, we investigated this controversial association between the Ser9Gly (A/G) polymorphism and SCZ using Malay cases-control (261 cases/157 controls) samples. PCR-RFLP was performed to genotype the distribu­tion of the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism. Results: Both healthy control and SCHZ patient groups were in of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the analyzed ge­netic variability. There was a significant association between the genotype distribution DRD3 polymorphisms and SCZ (χ2= 9.359; df= 2; P= 0.009). Conclusion: We believe that further studies are required to examine the association between others dopamine-related genes and the behavioral phenotypes of SCZ.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3045 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3045/2845

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 11 17 A Chiabi BG Kamga E Mah S Nguefack P Fokam W Tafen PF Tchokoteu 2015 10 03 Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of breast-feeding in the West re­gion of Cameroon. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in two health facilities on 195 mother-infant pairs, seen at the out patient and vaccination units of the Bafoussam Regional Hospital over a period of one month from 1st to 30th Septem­ber 2008. The socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, knowledge on breastfeeding and the practice of breastfeed­ing were studied. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software. The chi square and student t- test were used for com­parison and results considered significant for P< 0.05. Results: Breastfeeding was practised by 99.48% of the mothers. Only 33.8% of the mothers knew that they had to exclu­sively breastfeed up to 6 months, and 20% effectively breastfed up to 6 months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 5.06 months and negatively correlated with the number of children and the profession of the mother. In 69.74% of the women, nothing was given to the baby before the first breastfeed. Discontinuation of breastfeeding was done averagely around 15.24 months and earlier in married women and in those with a higher educational level. Conclusion: Although the majority of parents practised breast feeding, only a minority understood its benefits, so more should be done to educate the community on the benefits of exclusive breast-feeding for up to six months.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3046/2846

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 18 24 HR Aghaei Meybodi M Hemmat-abadi R Heshmat M Rezaei Homami S Madani M Ebrahimi H Adibi B Larijani 2015 10 03 Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health concern around the world. It has been shown that bone mineral den­sity is correlated to anthropometric measures like height and weight, but this association may vary depending on ethnic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify probable relations between anthropometric measures and bone mineral density. Methods: In this population-based study, we compiled the data collected from Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study to assess the possible associations between different anthropometric indices and bone mineral density at femur and lumbar spine. The gathered data was analyzed using t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Data was available for 4445 subjects, consisting 1900 males (42.7%) and 2545 females (57.3%). We observed statistically significant correlations between bone mineral density and height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumfer­ence, waist to hip ratio and body mass index (BMI). Based on the result of linear regression modeling studies, BMI could be considered an independent predictor of bone mineral density. Conclusion: Iranian population shows similar measures compared to analogous studies in other populations. Lower weight should be carefully considered as a predisposing factor for bone loss and osteoporosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3047 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3047/2847

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 25 33 A Ameryoun M Meskarpour-Amiri M Lorgard Dezfuli-Nejad HR Khoddami-Vishteh Sh Tofighi 2015 10 03 Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inequality of geographical distribution of non-cardiac intensive care beds in Iran using the Gini coefficient. Methods: The population information of Iran's provinces in 2006 was obtained from The Statistical Center of Iran and the number of non-cardiac intensive care beds (including ICU, PostICU and NICU beds) in all provinces was taken from published information of Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran in the current year. The number of beds per 100,000 populations of each province and the Gini coefficients for each bed were calculated. Results: Iran's population was 70,495,782. The total number of ICU, PostICU and NICU beds were 3720, 291 and 1129, respectively. Tehran had the highest percentage of each bed among all provinces. The number of each bed was 5.3, 0.4 and 1.6 per 100,000 populations of country, respectively. The calculated Gini coefficients for each bed were 0.17, 0.15 and 0.23, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that, according to the Gini coefficients, non-cardiac intensive care beds have an almost equal geographical distribution throughout the country. However, the numbers of beds per population are less than other countries. Since such studies can be used as a base for health systems planning about correction of ine­quality of health services distribution, similar studies in other health care services are recommended which can be con­ducted at the national or provincial level. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3048 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3048/2848

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 34 38 MA Tabatabaiefar F Alasti M Montazer Zohour L Shariati E Farrokhi DD Farhud GV Camp MR Noori-Daloii M Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori 2015 10 03 Background: Hearing loss (HL) is the most frequent sensory birth defect in humans. Autosomal recessive non-syn­dromic HL (ARNSHL) is the most common type of hereditary HL. It is extremely heterogeneous and over 70 loci (known as DFNB) have been identified. This study was launched to determine the relative contribution of more frequent loci in a cohort of ARNSHL families. Methods: Thirty-seven Iranian families including 36 ARNSHL families and 1 family with Pendred syndrome each with ≥ 4 affected individuals, from seven provinces of Iran, were ascertained. DFNB1 contribution was initially studied by DNA sequencing of GJB2 and linkage analysis using the relative STR markers. The excluded families were then sub­jected to homozygosity mapping for fifteen ARNSHL loci. Results: Sixteen families were found to be linked to seven different known loci, including DFNB1 (6 families), DFNB4 (3 families +1 family with Pendred syndrome), DFNB63 (2 families), DFNB2 (1 family), DFNB7/11 (1 family), DFNB9 (1 family) and DFNB21 (1 family). DNA sequencing of the corresponding genes is in progress to identify the pathogenic mu­tations. Conclusion: The genetic causes were clarified in 43.2% of the studied families, giving an overview of the causes of ARNSHL in Iran. DFNB4 is ranked second after DFNB1 in the studied cohort. More genetic and epigenetic investiga­tions will have to be done to reveal the causes in the remaining families.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3049/2849

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 49 56 I Sharifi N Nakhaei MR Aflatoonian M Hakimi Parizi AR Fekri H Safizadeh MR Shirzadi MM Gooya A Khamesipour A Nadim 2015 10 03 Background: The recent devastating earthquake of December 26 in Bam, 2003 created various risk factors; caused a sharp increase in incidence of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and reached to an epidemic proportion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of ACL cases five years before the earthquake compared to the cases occurred five years after the earthquake (1999-2008). Methods: Status of disease was assessed retrospectively for the five years before the earthquake and prospectively for the five years after the earthquake. Identification was confirmed by smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The mean annual incidence of ACL for the period from 1999 to 2003 was 1.9 per 1000 comparing to post earthquake period, which was 7.6 per 1000. Most of the infection was in individuals of <20 years, more frequently in females before the earthquake, whilst in contrast, there was a progressive rise in the number of cases, significantly in male individuals of >20 years (P< 0.0001) in post earthquake era. The anatomical distribution of lesions considerably changed during the two periods. Most of the cases were limited to three zones within the city prior to the earthquake, whereas it was spread throughout different zones after the earthquake. PCR indicated that the CL was due to Leishmania tropica in the city. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that in natural disasters such as earthquakes various precipitating factors in favor of disease will be created, which in turn provide a suitable condition for propagation of the vector and the transmis­sion of the parasite. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3050/2850

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17366 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17366/6425

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1177 1179 Assiya TURGAMBAYEVA Department of Public Health №1, Medical University NJSC, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aigul ISMAILOVA Department of Ecology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulzhan DOSSYBAYEVA Department of General Practitioner N2, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Chimkent, Kazakhstan Gulnaz NUSKABAEVA Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, International Kazakh-Turkish University Named after Khoja Akhmet Yassawi, Turkestan, Kazakhstan Nurlan NAURYZOV Department of Morphology and Physiology, Medical University NJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Zauresh MUKHAMETZHANOVA Department of Morphology and Physiology, Medical University NJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Karlygash KAIYRBEKOVA Department of Morphology and Physiology, Medical University NJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Sona SARGSYAN Department of ENT Diseases, Medical University Named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia Ani MATEVOSYAN Department of Children's Policlinic N9, Yerevan, Armenia Nargiz ZULKHASH Department of Public Health №1, Medical University NJSC, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aiman MUSINA Department of Hygiene, Medical University NJSC, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2019 06 03 Medical and Demographic Analysis of Health Status of the Population of Some Countries Worldwide https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17370 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17370/6428

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1033 1042 Yuhui DAI Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China AND Dongfang College, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Haining, China Zhidong TAN Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China Jianhua TAN Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China Lina YAN Accounting School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China 2019 06 02 Background: Environmental pollution seriously damages not only the ecosystem but also the well-being of residents. There is an association between air pollution and residential health expenditures. The aim of this study was to identify the association between pollution control and residents’ health expenditures. Methods: Using the pilot project of the regional cooperative pollution control in 28 cities required by the Chinese government as the quasi-natural experiment setting and the panel data of residents’ health expenditures in China from 2014 to 2017, the impact of pollution control on residents’ health expenditures was systematically explored through difference-in-difference approach. Results: Air quality of the 28 cities that adopted the regional cooperative pollution control policy improves significantly, thus indicating that this policy effectively solves the self-interest issue of local governments in pollution control, and residents’ health expenditures consequently decrease. Conclusion: This study enriches the paradigm that analyzes the relationship between air pollution and residents’ health expenditures and reveals the mechanism through which the regional cooperative pollution control reduces residents’ health expenditures.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17339 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17339/6407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1169 1173 Mahmoud RAHDAR Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sharif MARAGHI Abadan Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2019 06 03 Norwegian scabies (hyperkeratosis scabies) is an acute form of skin disease seen in immune-compromised patients. This study aimed to describe two cases of Norwegian scabies from Ahvaz, southwest of Iran in 2015. Two patients included a 55 year old man with renal transplant history and a 49 yr old man with diabetic mellitus and autoimmune disease, complained of dermatitis lesions and itching with sever hyperkeratosis, several macula and papules on neck and armpits for one-month duration were referred to a Iran Zamin Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in Ahvaz, Southwestern Iran in 2015. Patients were referred for fungal examination. Scraping from the crusted lesions of skin and slide preparation with 20% KOH was done. Microscopic examination presented that huge infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei in all forms of parasite included adult female, nymph stage and eggs. One of the patients spouse was also infested by Sarcoptes and appeared mild clinical symptoms. The disease was diagnosed with Norwegian scabies and the patients were successfully treated with topical 5% permethrin ointment for two weeks continuously. Overall, Norwegian scabies should be considered in immune- compromised patients with contaminated areas.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17367/6426

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1180 1181 Bojan MASANOVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2019 06 03 Impact of Physical Exercise Programs and Programs of Social Activity on Public Health and Social Inclusion of Young People https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17371 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17371/6429

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1043 1051 Ogunsakin ROPO EBENEZER Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Dur-ban, Siaka LOUGUE Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Dur-ban, South Africa 2019 06 02 Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Breast cancer treatment strategies in Nigeria need urgent strengthening to reduce mortality rate because of the disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the ages at diagnosis and established the prognostic factors of modality of treatment given to breast cancer patient in Nigeria. Methods: The data was collected for 247 women between years 2011-2015 who had breast cancer in two different hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Model estimation is based on Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo. A multilevel model based on generalized linear mixed model is used to estimate the random effect. Results: The mean age of the patients (at the time of diagnosis) was 42.2 yr with 52% of the women aged between 35-49 yr. The results of the two approaches are almost similar but preference is given to Bayesian because the approach is more robust than the frequentist. Significant factors of treatment modality are age, educational level and breast cancer type. Conclusion: Differences in socio-demographic factors such as educational level and age at diagnosis significantly influence the modality of breast cancer treatment in western Nigeria. The study suggests the use of Bayesian multilevel approach in analyzing breast cancer data for the practicality, flexibility and strength of the method.      https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17340 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17340/6408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1182 1183 Jaroslav STANCIAK Trnava University Hospital, Trnava, Slovak Republic AND Pedagogical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Lubica VARECKOVA Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovak Republic Martin SAMOHYL Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2019 06 03 Evaluation on Emergency Medical Services Departure in the Trnava University Hospital, the Slovak Republic https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17372 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17372/6430

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1052 1058 Jiangfeng ZHOU Department of Imaging, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, P.R. China Hongling CHEN Department of Endocrinology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, P.R. China Tao YANG Department of Imaging, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, P.R. China Cuihong XING Department of Medical Ward, The People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, P.R. China Fengxia JIA Department of Neurosurgery, Juxian People’s Hospital, Rizhao 276599, P.R. China 2019 06 02 Background: To investigate the characterizations of CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 264 patients with carotid atherosclerosis underwent CT and MRI in Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China from January 2010 to January 2016. Among them, 142 patients with ischemic stroke were in experimental group (test group), another 122 patients in control group. The lumen stenosis degree, plaque fibrous cap status, calcification information and vascular plaque hemorrhage in the carotid artery fork of patients detected by CT and MRI were collected. Results: The detection rate of the plaque calcification of patients detected by MRI was lower than that detected by CT in the experimental group (P<0.05). Patients in the experimental group had higher average vascular stenosis degree detected by CT and MRI than those in the control group (P<0.01). The average vascular stenosis degree of patients detected by MRI was higher than that detected by CT in the experimental group (P<0.05). Patients in the experimental group had higher unstable fibrous cap number detected by CT and MRI than those in the control group (P<0.01). Patients in the experimental group had significantly higher number of vascular plaque small focus hemorrhage than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with carotid atherosclerotic complicated with stroke have higher plaque calcification number, vascular stenosis degree and unstable fibrous cap number. Both CT and MRI can better predict the risk of stroke.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17341 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17341/6409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 03 1184 1186 Zohre FAKHRIEH KASHAN Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeede SHOJAEE Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein KESHAVARZ Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen ARBABI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mahdi DELAVARI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mahbobeh SALIMI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 03 Vitamin D Deficiency and Toxoplasma Infection https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17373 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17373/6431

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1059 1067 Ling ZHANG 2016 12 21 1521 1522 Shahab REZAEIAN Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Somayeh KHAZAEI Operating Room, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Salman KHAZAEI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2016 11 26 2016 11 26 TB/HIV Co-infection in Iran: Current Situation and the  Modeling Study for Future Policy https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/8359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/8359/5388

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 11 2016 12 21 1465 1472