Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 1 5 X Ying Zh Song Ch Zhao Y Jiang 2015 10 03 Background: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young Chinese population and assess the as­sociation between HOMA-IR and different components of MetS in young Chinese men. Methods: Overall 5576 young Chinese subjects (age range [19-44 yr], 3636 men) were enrolled in, who visited our Health Care Center for a related health checkup from March to December 2008. The international diabetes federation (IDF) definition for MetS was used. The SPSS statistical package, version 11.5 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 21.81% in young men and 5.62% in young women. According to suffering from dif­ferent numbers of MetS components, the male subjects were divided into four groups. Numbers of MetS components were more and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher. In this male population, the quartile of HOMA-IR was higher, values of triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pres­sure(DBP) and waist circumference (WC) were all significantly higher, as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) value was significantly lower (P= 0.000). In Spearman's correlation analysis, HOMA-IR was positively corre­lated with TG, FBG, SBP, DBP and WC, and negatively correlated with HDL-C (r= 0.460, 0.464, 0.362, 0.346, 0.586, -0.357, respectively, all P value= 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS in these young Chinese men was obviously high. Insulin resistance played an impor­tant role in occurrence and development of MetS. Waist circumference was the best correlation with HOMA-IR among all components of MetS. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3044 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3044/2844

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 6 10 SF Tee PY Tang HC Loh 2015 10 03 Background: Molecular components of the dopamine receptor (DRD3) play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism and SCZ but the results have been inconclusive. Method: In this study, we investigated this controversial association between the Ser9Gly (A/G) polymorphism and SCZ using Malay cases-control (261 cases/157 controls) samples. PCR-RFLP was performed to genotype the distribu­tion of the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism. Results: Both healthy control and SCHZ patient groups were in of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the analyzed ge­netic variability. There was a significant association between the genotype distribution DRD3 polymorphisms and SCZ (χ2= 9.359; df= 2; P= 0.009). Conclusion: We believe that further studies are required to examine the association between others dopamine-related genes and the behavioral phenotypes of SCZ.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3045 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3045/2845

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 11 17 A Chiabi BG Kamga E Mah S Nguefack P Fokam W Tafen PF Tchokoteu 2015 10 03 Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of breast-feeding in the West re­gion of Cameroon. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in two health facilities on 195 mother-infant pairs, seen at the out patient and vaccination units of the Bafoussam Regional Hospital over a period of one month from 1st to 30th Septem­ber 2008. The socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, knowledge on breastfeeding and the practice of breastfeed­ing were studied. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software. The chi square and student t- test were used for com­parison and results considered significant for P< 0.05. Results: Breastfeeding was practised by 99.48% of the mothers. Only 33.8% of the mothers knew that they had to exclu­sively breastfeed up to 6 months, and 20% effectively breastfed up to 6 months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 5.06 months and negatively correlated with the number of children and the profession of the mother. In 69.74% of the women, nothing was given to the baby before the first breastfeed. Discontinuation of breastfeeding was done averagely around 15.24 months and earlier in married women and in those with a higher educational level. Conclusion: Although the majority of parents practised breast feeding, only a minority understood its benefits, so more should be done to educate the community on the benefits of exclusive breast-feeding for up to six months.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3046/2846

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 18 24 HR Aghaei Meybodi M Hemmat-abadi R Heshmat M Rezaei Homami S Madani M Ebrahimi H Adibi B Larijani 2015 10 03 Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health concern around the world. It has been shown that bone mineral den­sity is correlated to anthropometric measures like height and weight, but this association may vary depending on ethnic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify probable relations between anthropometric measures and bone mineral density. Methods: In this population-based study, we compiled the data collected from Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study to assess the possible associations between different anthropometric indices and bone mineral density at femur and lumbar spine. The gathered data was analyzed using t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Data was available for 4445 subjects, consisting 1900 males (42.7%) and 2545 females (57.3%). We observed statistically significant correlations between bone mineral density and height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumfer­ence, waist to hip ratio and body mass index (BMI). Based on the result of linear regression modeling studies, BMI could be considered an independent predictor of bone mineral density. Conclusion: Iranian population shows similar measures compared to analogous studies in other populations. Lower weight should be carefully considered as a predisposing factor for bone loss and osteoporosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3047 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3047/2847

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 25 33 A Ameryoun M Meskarpour-Amiri M Lorgard Dezfuli-Nejad HR Khoddami-Vishteh Sh Tofighi 2015 10 03 Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inequality of geographical distribution of non-cardiac intensive care beds in Iran using the Gini coefficient. Methods: The population information of Iran's provinces in 2006 was obtained from The Statistical Center of Iran and the number of non-cardiac intensive care beds (including ICU, PostICU and NICU beds) in all provinces was taken from published information of Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran in the current year. The number of beds per 100,000 populations of each province and the Gini coefficients for each bed were calculated. Results: Iran's population was 70,495,782. The total number of ICU, PostICU and NICU beds were 3720, 291 and 1129, respectively. Tehran had the highest percentage of each bed among all provinces. The number of each bed was 5.3, 0.4 and 1.6 per 100,000 populations of country, respectively. The calculated Gini coefficients for each bed were 0.17, 0.15 and 0.23, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that, according to the Gini coefficients, non-cardiac intensive care beds have an almost equal geographical distribution throughout the country. However, the numbers of beds per population are less than other countries. Since such studies can be used as a base for health systems planning about correction of ine­quality of health services distribution, similar studies in other health care services are recommended which can be con­ducted at the national or provincial level. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3048 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3048/2848

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 34 38 MA Tabatabaiefar F Alasti M Montazer Zohour L Shariati E Farrokhi DD Farhud GV Camp MR Noori-Daloii M Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori 2015 10 03 Background: Hearing loss (HL) is the most frequent sensory birth defect in humans. Autosomal recessive non-syn­dromic HL (ARNSHL) is the most common type of hereditary HL. It is extremely heterogeneous and over 70 loci (known as DFNB) have been identified. This study was launched to determine the relative contribution of more frequent loci in a cohort of ARNSHL families. Methods: Thirty-seven Iranian families including 36 ARNSHL families and 1 family with Pendred syndrome each with ≥ 4 affected individuals, from seven provinces of Iran, were ascertained. DFNB1 contribution was initially studied by DNA sequencing of GJB2 and linkage analysis using the relative STR markers. The excluded families were then sub­jected to homozygosity mapping for fifteen ARNSHL loci. Results: Sixteen families were found to be linked to seven different known loci, including DFNB1 (6 families), DFNB4 (3 families +1 family with Pendred syndrome), DFNB63 (2 families), DFNB2 (1 family), DFNB7/11 (1 family), DFNB9 (1 family) and DFNB21 (1 family). DNA sequencing of the corresponding genes is in progress to identify the pathogenic mu­tations. Conclusion: The genetic causes were clarified in 43.2% of the studied families, giving an overview of the causes of ARNSHL in Iran. DFNB4 is ranked second after DFNB1 in the studied cohort. More genetic and epigenetic investiga­tions will have to be done to reveal the causes in the remaining families.    https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3049/2849

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 06 15 49 56 I Sharifi N Nakhaei MR Aflatoonian M Hakimi Parizi AR Fekri H Safizadeh MR Shirzadi MM Gooya A Khamesipour A Nadim 2015 10 03 Background: The recent devastating earthquake of December 26 in Bam, 2003 created various risk factors; caused a sharp increase in incidence of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and reached to an epidemic proportion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of ACL cases five years before the earthquake compared to the cases occurred five years after the earthquake (1999-2008). Methods: Status of disease was assessed retrospectively for the five years before the earthquake and prospectively for the five years after the earthquake. Identification was confirmed by smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The mean annual incidence of ACL for the period from 1999 to 2003 was 1.9 per 1000 comparing to post earthquake period, which was 7.6 per 1000. Most of the infection was in individuals of <20 years, more frequently in females before the earthquake, whilst in contrast, there was a progressive rise in the number of cases, significantly in male individuals of >20 years (P< 0.0001) in post earthquake era. The anatomical distribution of lesions considerably changed during the two periods. Most of the cases were limited to three zones within the city prior to the earthquake, whereas it was spread throughout different zones after the earthquake. PCR indicated that the CL was due to Leishmania tropica in the city. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that in natural disasters such as earthquakes various precipitating factors in favor of disease will be created, which in turn provide a suitable condition for propagation of the vector and the transmis­sion of the parasite. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3050 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3050/2850

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 2 2011 Dariyana Kulmirzayeva 2. PA "Central Asian Cancer Institute" , Astana, Kazakhstan ; 3. JSC "Astana Medical University" , Astana, Kazakhstan. Raushan Magzumova 3. JSC "Astana Medical University" , Astana, Kazakhstan. Cees Th Smit Sibinga 4. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen , Netherlands. Sholpan Alpeissova 5. National Research Center of Surgery named After Syzganov , Astana, Kazakhstan. 2015 10 15 Each country faces a continuing challenge to collect enough blood to meet the national needs. According to WHO, there should be at least 20 blood donations per 1,000 population for developing countries, in Kazakhstan this indicator was only 16.8 in 2011. Thus, we conducted an epidemiological assessment and drew a map of the regional distribution of blood and plasma donations in Kazakhstan during the years 2000-2011.The retrospective study was conducted from 2000 to 2011. Data on blood and its components donations were acquired from the Ministry of Health (annual statistical reporting form N° 39).During 2000-2011, number of blood donors decreased to 17.4% and blood donations to 6.3%. The proportion of non-remunerated blood donations and donors decreased from 97.6% to 77.9% and 97.9% to 87.7%, respectively. The paid donations had the opposite trend. Number of plasma donors increased in 2.1 times, plasma donations in 2.4 times, nevertheless the proportion of non-remunerated plasma donations decreased from 60.1% to 29.8%. The average number of blood donations per 1,000 population decreased from 19.8 (2000) to 16.8 (2011), plasma donations increased from 1.4 to 3.1. Regionally, annual average rates of blood and plasma donations per 1,000 population over 12 years varied greatly.This is the first study conducted in Kazakhstan to provide detailed information, including the regional characteristics of blood and plasma donations over an extended period of time, which can be used in blood transfusion services work. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4099 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4099/3757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 610 20 Piotr Nowicki Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland. Jolanta Klos Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland. Zenon J Kokot Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland. 2015 10 15 The aim of this study was to determine the monthly DTR mass load of amphetamine-type compounds in Poland as well as an investigation of cyclical behaviour by using time series analysis and especially trends analysis.Amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy) were detected in wastewater samples collected from the main Wastewater Treatment Plant in the city of Poznan using liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Back-calculations used in the sewage epidemiology approach were applied to estimate the DTR mass load level of the drugs analyzed. Trends analysis was performed by fitting the data to a simple linear regression and then by using smoothing by means of a moving average (Mat lab 2013a). Trend analysis displays a steady tendency of increase or decrease throughout time series. When we plot the observation against time, we may notice that a straight line can describe the increase or decrease in the series as time goes on. Simple linear regression and method of last squares to estimate parameters of a straight-line model were used. Additionally, a lagged plot (autocorrelation plot) was used to investigate an appearance of correlation between amphetamines throughout time.Trends analysis showed the slight increase in consumption of amphetamine and decreasing trend in case of ecstasy and methamphetamine within the investigated period. There is also visible, strong correlation between ecstasy and methamphetamine consumption which cannot be stated in case of amphetamine.Trends analysis is a very useful tool to analyse the increasing or decreasing tendency in consumption of illicit drugs based on the DTR mass load data. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4097 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4097/3755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 621 9 Mahbubeh Saei 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of MedicalSciences , Tehran, Iran. Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of MedicalSciences , Tehran, Iran. Ehsan Mostafavi 2. Dept. of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Sahraian 3. Sina MS Research Center, Dept. of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Mahmoodi 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of MedicalSciences , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Mansournia 1. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of MedicalSciences , Tehran, Iran. Ali Hosseini 4. Dept. of Geography and Urban Planning, School of Geography, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease with high disabling disorders and considerable social and economic impacts. This study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of MS disease in Tehran, Iran during 2001-2012.The existing information in the MS patients' medical files who had registered in Iranian MS Society (IMSS), located in Tehran office, was used for analysis. The relationship between diseases incidences in 22 zones of Tehran based on estimated socio-economic status (SES) of each zone was evaluated. High and low clustering approach was used in order to investigate the disease's distribution pattern meanwhile, Getis Ord's Gi test and Hot Spot analysis approach has been used to detect high risk zones of the disease.A total of 6027 MS patients were registered between 2001- 2012 which 4580 (%75.99) were women. During the study period, zone number 6 figured as the most high risk zone for the disease (P<0.1). A heterogeneous distribution was shown for the disease. Cumulative incidence of the disease in northern zones (101.73 per 100,000 inhabitants) was two times more of Southern zones (53.79 per 100,000 inhabitants). There seems to be a direct linear relationship between estimated incidence rate of the disease in each zones with the level of SES (P<0.001).Heterogeneous geographical distribution of MS and its higher estimated incidence for northern zones in Tehran may be because of higher SES and other factors in mentioned zones. It is recommended to consider the surveillance with long-term and cost-effective interventional strategies along with disease in high risk zones. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4095 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4095/3753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 630 6 Nosratollah Naderi 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Alma Farnood 2. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Tahereh Dadaei 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Manijeh Habibi 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Hedie Balaii 2. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Farzad Firouzi 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Aydin Mahban 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Masoumeh Soltani 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. Mohammadreza Zali 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology, in which genetic factors, seem to play an important role in the disease predisposition and course. Assessment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms in many populations showed a possible association with IBD. Considering the genetic variety in different ethnic groups, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of five important single nucleo-tide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of (TNF-α) gene with IBD in Iran.In this case-control study, 156 Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 50 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 200 sex and age matched healthy controls of Iranian origin were enrolled. The study was performed during a two year period (2008-2010) at Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. DNA samples were evaluated for (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms (including -1031, -863, -857, -308 and -238) by PCR and RFLP methods.The frequency of the mutant allele of -1031 polymorphism was significantly higher in Iranian patients with Crohn's disease compared to healthy controls (P=0.01, OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.14-3.23). None of the other evaluated polymorphisms demonstrated a significant higher frequency of mutant alleles in Iranian IBD patients compared to controls.Among the five assessed (SNPs), only -1031 polymorphism of (TNF-α) gene may play a role in disease susceptibility for Crohn's disease in Iran. This pattern of distribution of (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms could be specific in this population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4093 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4093/3751

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 637 44 Mohammad Rafiee 1. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran. Alireza Mesdaghinia 2. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Homa Hajjaran 3. Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hajaghazadeh 4. Dept. of Occupational Health, Health Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran. Abolfazl Miahipour 5. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran. Mahsa Jahangiri-Rad 6. Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, tehran medical sciences branch , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Outbreaks of legionellosis may be a side effect of institution-water treatment. However, the long-term outcomes and the predictive factors of Legionella prevalence in such systems have still not been fully studied. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the prevalence of Legionella spp. and to evaluate the role of bacteriological water quality parameters on its prevalence and removal in hospital water systems.A total of 45 samples were collected from distinct sites at seven hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The prevalence of this bacterium was assayed through a sensitive and specific technique for DNA detection using PCR. Multivariable stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the independent effects of the baseline factors on the incidence of Legionella. Two positive samples were also identified for species by DNA sequencing.Legionella were detected in 31.1% of samples. Showerheads and cold-water taps were the most and the least contaminated sources with 55.3 and 9 percent positive samples, respectively. Total mean of residual chlorine was 0.38 mg/L, with the peak value of 1.7 mg/L. Legionella detection was proportional to the residual chlorine content of water and the results indicated that residual chlorine content is a critical factor in the incidence and proliferation of Legionella (r=-0.33). The prevalence of Legionella also coincided with the prevalence of HPC and amoeba cysts.The high positive rate of Legionella colonization shows that hospital-acquired legionellosis might be under diagnosed in studied hospitals. Further, Legionella colonization is independent of the type of water, system characteristics and of preventive maintenance measures. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4091 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4091/3749

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 645 57 Fariborz Omidi 1. Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences , Shahroud, Iran. Mohammad Behbahani 2. Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. , Tehran, Iran. Saadi Samadi 2. Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. , Tehran, Iran. Alireza Sedighi 3. Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri 4. Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) is one of the most important pesticides which is extensively used to control weeds in arable farmland. Exposure to this compound occurs in general population and persons who occupationally handle it. The aim of this present work was the preparation of MCPA imprinting polymer and its application as a selective sample preparation technique for trace determination of MCPA in biological and environmental samples.In this study, MCPA imprinting polymer was obtained by precipitation polymerization using methacrylic acid (the functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (the cross-linker), 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (the initiator) and MCPA (the template molecule) in acetonitrile solution. The MIP-NPs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The optimization process was carried out applying batch method. After optimization of the parameters, affecting the adsorption and desorption of analyte, urine and different water samples were used to determine MCPA.Imprinted MCPA molecules were removed from the polymeric structure using acetic acid in methanol (20:80 v/v %) as the eluting solvent. Both sorption and desorption process occur within 10 min. The maximum sorbent capacity of the molecular imprinted polymer is 87.4 mg g-1. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection for water samples by introduced selective solid phase extraction were 4.8% and 0.9 μg L-1, and these data for urine samples were 4.5% and 1.60 μg L-1, respectively.The developed method was successfully applied to determine MCPA in urine and different water samples. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4089 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4089/3747

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 43 5 2014 05 15 658 65 Farzaneh Taghian 1. Dept. of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Khorasgan [Isfahan] Branch, Islamic Azad University , Isfahan, Iran. Maryam Zolfaghari 1. Dept. of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Khorasgan [Isfahan] Branch, Islamic Azad University , Isfahan, Iran. Mehdi Hedayati 2. Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Obesity Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 15 Retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) is a type of adipokine which transports vitamin A to serum. RBP4 could be a bridge between obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercises on RBP4 serum's concentration and metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese women.Twenty obese women with body max index 35.81±3.67Kg/m2, fat percentage 43.98±4.02, and waist to hip ratio 1.03±0.05 were included and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received aerobic exercises for a period of 12 weeks each three sessions on treadmill workout. The treadmill speed were based on a 60-65 and 80-85 maximal heart rate percentage and duration of 15-20 and 45-50 minutes, at the beginning and the end of exercise, respectively. Body composition, serum glucose, insulin, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, and RBP4, were measured in both groups before and after the treatment by ELISA