Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 1 18 E Angelakis D Raoult 2015 10 03 Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis with many acute and chronic manifestations caused by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii. Farm animals and pets are the main reservoirs of infection, and transmission to human beings is mainly accomplished through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Persons at greatest risk are those in contact with farm animals and include farmers, abattoir workers, and veterinarians. The organs most commonly affected during Q fever are the heart, the arteries, the bones and the liver. The most common clinical presentation is an influenza-like illness with varying degrees of pneumonia and hepatitis. Although acute disease is usually self-limiting, people do occasionally die from this condition. Endocarditis is the most serious and most frequent clinical presentation of chronic Q fever. Vascular infection is the second most frequent presentation of Q fever. The diagnosis of Q fever is based on a significant increase in serum antibody titers. The treatment is effective and well tolerated, but must be adapted to the acute or chronic pattern with the tetracyclines to be considered the mainstay of antibiotic therapy. For the treatment of Q fever during pregnancy the use of long-term cotrimoxazole therapy is proposed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3026 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3026/2826

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 19 26 AK Sinha S Tripathi NK Gandhi AJ Singh 2015 10 03 Background: Several studies pertaining to current status of Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme in India have revealed goiter prevalence in the range of 1.5- 44.5%, mean urinary iodine excretion level ranging from 92.5-160 mcg/L and iodized salt coverage ranging from 37-62.3%. Most of these studies were based on school children.  How­ever, very few studies have focused on pregnant women. This population is very sensitive to marginalized iodine defi­ciency throughout their gestational period. Methods: This 40 cluster cross sectional study was done in Raipur district. Iodine content of salt was estimated by using "Rapid Salt Testing Kits" along with observing salt storage practices, at household and in shops. Pregnant women were interviewed by using semi structured comprehensive questionnaire, which was based on knowl­edge attitude, and practices about salt use pattern and awareness about IDDCP, UIE level were also estimated. Results: Prevalence of goiter was 0.17%. Many (41.12%) pregnant women had <15ppm iodine content in the salt sam­ple and 51.58% of women had subnormal iodine uptake. Wrong salt storage practice was observed in 36.3% of households. Conclusions: There were lacunae in Iodine deficiency control program in Chhattisgarh. Implementation and monitoring of program was weak. Thus for monitoring purpose IDD Cell & IDD Laboratory should be established at district level. This will lead to periodic assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, by monitoring of Iodine intake and all other preventive, promotive as well as curative measures in the state. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3027 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3027/2827

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 27 32 Seong-Ik Baek Wi-Young So 2015 10 03 Background: The pregnancy was a risk factor for excessive weight gain for women. However, there is no information about the prevalence of obesity and its relationship with a history of pregnancy in girls. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the prevalence of obesity in adolescent females with a history of pregnancy and fac­tors associated with it, in Korea. Methods: In 2009, 69 of 34,247 female students revealed that they had experienced pregnancy in response to the 5th Ko­rea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS-V) project by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Pre­vention (KCDCP). The body mass index (BMI) and experienced pregnancy categories of the KYRBWS-V were as­sessed, and, for data analysis, the independent t-test, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results: The risk of pregnancy was increased by approximately 47% per unit increase in age, and 331% per unit in­crease in depression, respectively. Conversely, the risk decreased by 19% per unit increase in BMI and 33% per unit in­crease (ranged from 1: very rich to 5: very poor) in the family economic state. Conclusion: Obesity in adolescent females is minimally affected by a history of pregnancy, if at all, despite the fact that pregnancy was a risk factor for excessive weight gain in women. However, adolescent females with a history of preg­nancy have higher levels of depression than do normal peers in Korea. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3028 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3028/2828

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 33 40 SS Al-Sharbatti RB Shaikh E Mathew Jayadevan Sreedharan J Muttappallymyalil SA Basha 2015 10 03 Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for metabolic disorders including increase in blood pressure. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and Waist/Hip ratio (WHR) are simple and effective indicators of obe­sity. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationships between obesity anthropometric indicators and hy­pertension and to identify the best anthropometric indicator/s that can predict hypertension risk among youth in the UAE. Methods: A 110 first year students in a Medical University in Ajman, UAE, during the year 2009-2010 were included in a cross-sectional study. The height, weight, WC, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured and the BMI and WHR were calculated for each student and used in the analyses. Results: The mean values for BMI, WC, hip circumference and WHR, were significantly higher in the Pre/Hyperten­sive group compared to normal blood pressure group. The risk of Pre/ hypertension was significantly increased by 4.3 times for participants who had general obesity (BMI³ 30) or abdominal obesity (identified from high WC). Highly sig­nificant correlations were noticed between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all anthropometric indicators except that for Hip circumference and systolic blood pressure. Step-wise linear regression model showed that when all obesity indicators were studied together, the waist circumference was the only indicator which showed significant relationship with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Waist circumference is the best anthropometric indicator that can predict hypertension risk among youth in the UAE. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3029 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3029/2829

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 41 54 SA Sajjadi HA Bridgman 2015 10 03 Background: Many epidemiological studies reported significant associations between air pollution and respiratory hos­pital admissions. Proximity of industries to the residential areas may have considerable impacts on air quality and sub­sequently public health. This paper describes the indirect impacts of closing a large steel industry, Broken Hill Proprie­tary (BHP), in the Lower Hunter region, Australia. Methods: The number of hospital admissions for a group of respiratory diseases including all respiratory disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma were incorporated in this study. The study location com­prised the entire Lower Hunter, Newcastle, as the closest location, and Port Stephens, as the most distant area to the indus­try. Two series of data set for 3.5 years before and after industry closure allowed a comparison of daily hospital admis­sions. Mixed Model was employed to calculate significant changes in the time series by month. Results: While the rest of the disease categories decreased, COPD 65+ increased after BHP closure. All-age asthma in New­castle showed the highest decrease whereas the least difference was observed for respiratory disease in Port Stephens. The decrease of admission rates was generally more significant in Newcastle, where the industry was operat­ing, than in the other areas. Conclusion:  Inconsistent results challenged the publically viewed significant role of BHP closure on public health. The study expected consistent decreases of respiratory admissions after industry closure; however, the district results sug­gested some impacts on community health. Incompatible findings could be attributable to other factors that dominated the possible impacts of BHP closure.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3030 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3030/2830

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 55 62 O Tabatabaei-Malazy MR Mohajeri-Tehrani SP Madani R Heshmat B Larijani 2015 10 03 Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) accounts for 80% of diabetic foot ulceration; therefore neurologic examination plays a critical role in screening at risk patients. Our objective was assessment the prevalence of DPN and related factors based on clinical findings. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 diabetics who were randomly recruited from Diabetes Clinic of Dr. Shariati University Hospital (Tehran/Iran) in 2004. After gathering demographic data and blood sampling for fasting blood sugar (FBS), the questionnaires United Kingdom (UK), Michigan, Diabetic Neuropathy Score (DNS), and 10-g monofilament testing were administered. Analysis tests were chi-square, pearson correlation and logistic regression. Results: The patient's age ranged 17 -75 years; with 44% male. Ninety one percent suffered from type two diabetes and the mean duration of diabetes was 10 years. The mean FBS level was 181.5 mg/dl. While the prevalence of DPN based on Michigan, DNS, and monofilament testing was about 32-38%, some 54% were diagnosed by UK test. Tingling in the lower extremity was the most frequent complaint (42%). The strongest linear correlation was reported between Michi­gan and DNS (r= 0.7), and then between monofilament test and DNS (r= 0.6). The age > 50 years, length of diabetes > 10 years, and FBS >200 mg/dl were the main risk factors for DPN based on DNS. Conclusion: It seems that the combination of Michigan and monofilament test can provide an accurate screening tool for detecting DPN. In addition, tight glucose control, regular assessment of the lower extremity, and to educate diabetics is urged in elderly diabetics, longer duration of diabetes, and those with high FBS.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3031 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3031/2831

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 63 70 SM Namayandeh SM Sadr M Rafiei M Modares-Mosadegh M Rajaefard 2015 10 03 Background: To assess the epidemiological characteristics of hypertensive patients in urban population of Yazd, A cen­tral city in Iran. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from 2005-2006 and carried out on population aging 20-74 years. It is a part of the phase I of Yazd healthy heart program that it is a community interventional study for prevention of car­diovascular disease. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS version 13. P value less than 0.05 were consid­ered significant level. Results: This study comprised of 2000 participants that 847 (42.5%) were diagnosed as being hypertensive. After age ad­justment, prevalence of hypertension was 25.6% (23.3% for women and 27.5% for men (P< 0.001). Age, Total cho­lesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance test, body mass index and waist were significantly higher in the hypertensive groups. 53.7% of hypertensive cases were aware of own condition, 45% were treated, and 33.9% of treated were controlled (30.7% and 35.4% in men and women re­spectively). In other word, 24% of all hypertensives (aware or unaware about own blood pressure condition) were treated and only 8% of them were controlled. Men significantly had less awareness (P< 0.001), lower tendency to take medi­cation (P< 0.001), and less were controlled (P= 0.046). Conclusion: We understand high prevalence, low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and higher preva­lence of other traditional metabolic risk factors in these cases. It seems that urgent preventional studies should be con­ducted in this population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3032 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3032/2832

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 3 2011 09 15 71 78 E Salehi 2015 10 03 Background: Although, the roots of criminal behaviours clearly lie in social, economic, and cultural factors, the in­crease criminal offences in urban settings has raised the issue of prevention through urban environmental health, plan­ning and design. Methods: The approach of the study was based on the scientific research methodology and indicators were compiled from observations and comparative analyses of those urban spaces that are most often the sites of crime. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that 37% of sampled males and 51% of females emphasized on ef­fec­tiveness of environmental factors. The urban space observations show that the environmental and physical factors af­fect on security and sensation of community safety among the citizens. Conclusion: Crime is committed in a particular place; place-related factors play a role in creating the potential for crimes to be committed. The results show the close bond between crimes and environmental problems.Recognition of the influ­ence of location-specific characteristics and the correct environmental response may make it possible to prevent or at least reduce criminal acts in urban places. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3033 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/downloadthorough review of the relevant literature, the process of literature screening was conducted in accordance with the aforementioned criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Results: Twelve studies were included, including 1530 cases in the experimental group and 1545 cases in the control group. The literature summarizes the basic information of patients during HSG and makes statistics on the differences in visual analog scale (VAS) and pain perception. The findings from the HSG examination revealed a lack of significant association between patients' pain sensation and their age and BMI. However, the duration of pregnancy in patients decreased following HSG treatment (95%CI (-18.84 to -3.58), P=0.004).Compared with conventional testing, HSG could effectively reduce the pregnancy time of patients (95%CI (-18.84, -3.58), P=0.004), reduce the VAS of patients (95%CI (-4.73, -1.51), P=0.0001), and increase the number of patients without pain (95%CI (1.80, 10.43), P=0.001). Conclusion: During the HSG examination, acceptable pain avoidance is generated and can be relieved over time. At present, there is no effective alternative method, so the patient should cooperate with the doctor to complete the examination, to relieve the pain. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31315 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31315/8153

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 493 494 Seji Ahn 1. Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 4. Functional Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Seoungeun Lee Department of Nursing, Kyung-In Women’s College, Incheon, Republic of Korea Kyoungkyu Jeon 1. Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 4. Functional Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2022 07 26 2022 09 02 No Abstract No Abstract  No Abstract  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29413 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29413/8177

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 367 375 Jeonga Kwon Department of Elementary Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea Yeon Taek Kwon Department of Sports Science, Hongik University, Sejong, Korea 2023 11 29 2024 01 30 Background: We investigated whether physical activity, subjective body image, and perceived stress were linked to watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts among Korean adolescents. Adolescents mainly watch Mukbang and Cookbang shows through media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Methods: We examined data on 51,743 Korean adolescents who participated in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2022. Data were evaluated using frequency, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Specifically, the relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts and physical activity participation, subjective body image, and perceived stress was evaluated through a multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates such as sex, age, school type, and residential area. Results: The results showed that among Korean adolescents, watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts was significantly related to the negative effects of feeling fatter and more stressed and the positive effect of greater participation in physical activities (possibly to combat feeling fat) (P<0.05). In other words, this study confirms that watching Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts has the simultaneous effect of increased physical activity participation in conjunction with negative subjective body images.  Moreover, it increased perceived stress in adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescents must be better educated about Mukbang and Cookbang broadcasts and their negative impact on subjective body image and perceived stress (as well as their positive impact on physical activity). Such education can help prevent these shows from creating negative teenage habits that can continue into adulthood. These results can be used as basic data for health education and policies that warn about the potential negative effects of such programs.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33916 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33916/8162

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 280 292 EN Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammadreza Mirzaei Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Parinaz Kalejahi Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2022 11 10 2023 07 05 Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Stimulants as a first-line treatment are not effective in some cases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Persian Iranian medicine (TIM) for children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Data were collected mainly from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus databases until Dec 2022. The keywords related to ADHD, traditional Persian medicine (TPM), and (TIM) were searched. Two reviewers independently screened 714 abstracts and eventually, eight trials were included in the systematic reviews. Changes in the severity of ADHD symptoms were considered based on the validated cutoff on recognized rating scales as the result of the effect of TIM on ADHD. Results: Interventions included herbal extracts of Passiflora incarnate, whey protein, Ginkgo biloba, Crocus sativus L, sweet almond syrup, and horse milk. In all studies, except G. biloba, there was evidence of a reduction in the severity of ADHD. Low evidence could be found for G. biloba. Conclusion: Herbal and traditional remedies are an efficient and safe solution to alleviate the symptoms of ADHD. In future studies, TIM as a complementary therapy may be useful to alleviate ADHD symptoms, especially in children who are resistant to stimulant medications.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30315 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30315/8154

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 376 386 Haiyan Zhang Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Quan Qiu Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Qingya Li Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Long Feng Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Dongyang Li Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Miao Zhang Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Juan Wang Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Suna Ma Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China Liran Xu Zhongjing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, China 2023 07 03 2023 11 01 Background: We aimed to distinguish the different Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients at the proteomics level. Methods: We collected AIDS patients diagnosed with different CM syndromes from Weishi County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China, including Qi-deficiency syndrome (named QD group) and dampness-heat syndrome (named DH group). Healthy people were collected as controls from Weishi County, Kaifeng city, Henan Province, China. The plasma from three groups were labeled with ITRAQ, LC/MC was used for protein quantitative analysis. Finally, sequence search and cluster analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 27 different proteins were found. Three proteins were up-regulated and 2 proteins down-regulated in the QD group, 11 proteins up-regulated and 13 proteins down-regulated in the DH group. Compared with DH group, there were 7 different proteins in QD group, among which 5 proteins were down-regulated and 2 proteins were up-regulated. When the target protein of DH group was up-regulated, the protein of HC group was down-regulated correspondingly. Conclusion: The significance analysis and clustering of protein results showed that DH group was significantly different from QD group and HC group at the protein level (P<0.05). However, the QD group could not be effectively distinguished from the HC group. AAT, PF4, C-reactive protein and c4bp may be used as potential biomarkers in DH group. Mass spectrometry based on feature selection can be used to classify different CM syndromes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32542 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32542/8163

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 293 304 Qiusha Li School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Zixuan Zhao School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Chunxiao Yang School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Zhongming Chen School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China Wenqiang Yin School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China 2023 06 12 2023 08 16 Background: The elderly represents the population group with the highest rate of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior has an adverse impact on the elderly, which might be related to depression. Methods: We queried PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and MEDLINE to collect literature data. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were adopted for the pooled measurements. Sub-group analyses were conducted through stratified meta-analyses based on study design, depression indicator, adjustment for physical activity, sedentary behavior indicator, and type. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results, and publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot. Results: Seven cross-sectional studies and five cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. The overall pooled OR was 1.38 (95%CI: 1.16–1.65; P < 0.01), which indicated that sedentary behavior was positively associated with depression in older adults. Sub-group analysis showed that different study designs, depression indicators, sedentary behavior indicators, adjustment for physical activity, sedentary behavior indicator, and type produced different results. In the cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.15–1.84), CES-D scale (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.13–2.10), self-reported (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.04–1.87), watching TV (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.02–3.02), and not adjusted for physical activity (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.14–1.65) groups, there was a strong correlation between sedentary behavior and depression in the elderly. Conclusion: Sedentary behavior is asSedentary behaviorsociated with depression in the elderly. As a preventive strategy, we should consider reducing their sedentary time and appropriately increasing physical activity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32277 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32277/8155

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 387 396 Slavica Djordjevic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Igor Dimitrijevic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Katarina Boricic Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut“, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic 1. Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 3. Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ivana Simic Vukomanovic 1. Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olgica Mihaljevic Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sofija Jovanovic Faculty of Medicine, University Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Nevena Randjelovic 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Center for Internal Oncology, Kragujevac, Serbia Ana Lackovic Health Center "Dr Milutin Ivković" Palilula, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana Knezevic 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Health Center Kraljevo, Kraljevo, Serbia Veroslava Stankovic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nis, Kruševac, Serbia Marija Sorak Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Verica Jovanovic Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut“, Belgrade, Serbia 2023 11 26 2024 01 30 Background: Approximately 2.3 million female breast cancer cases were identified globally in 2020, resulting in 685,000 fatalities among women. Serbia too experiences a high breast cancer burden. Effective reduction of breast cancer incidence and mortality necessitates strategic measures encompassing the implementation of cost-effective screening technology. However, various impediments to screening implementation persist. We aimed to estimate the impact of socioeconomic factors on breast cancer screening in Serbia. Methods: Data from the 2019 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia was. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional analytical study by design, on a representative sample of the population of Serbia. Data from women aged 15+ yr were used to examine the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with breast cancer screening inequalities. Results: In Serbia the age group of women who predominantly participated in organized breast cancer screening (39.5%) were the ones aged 65+ yr. Women with a secondary education were 2.1x more likely to undergo a screening exam voluntarily (57.5%), compared to women with a higher education background (26.6%). When considering marital and financial circumstances, married/unmarried women from an affluent financial category exhibited a notably higher frequency of self-initiating a mammography (73% and 48.5%) in comparison to those financially struggling (27.6%). Conclusion:  Strong support is imperative for countries to establish prevention and early detection programs for cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33872 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33872/8164

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 305 312 Negin Soltani Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Fatahi Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran