Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 1 30 B Khoshpey School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran DD Farhud School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran F Zaini School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Many studies have shown that mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products is a challenge for individual's health espe­cially in developing countries. Improper production and storage of foods, prepare conditions for aflatoxin production in crops, especially rice, wheat, pistachio, walnut, almond, etc which are the main sources of foods for people. Feeding live­stock by contaminated bread is another way of human exposure to mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin and because of expen­sive methods for detecting and analyzing aflatoxin in laboratory; it is not measured in foods. This manuscript is a review of some Iranian and nonIranian reports about aflatoxin, its exposure ways, its adverse effect on human health and nutrition, as well as methods for reducing its exposure. Based on studies on foods, aflatoxin exposure is high in Iran. Since livestock feeding by contaminated bread is one of the potential ways for milk contamination, we should control and reduce aflatoxin contamination by improving production process, storage condition and livestock feeding as soon as possible. Pistachio is one of the most important exporting products of Iran and to maintain Iran's position in exporting of this product, specific regulations on lowering its contamination with aflatoxin should be considered seriously. Finally, effective controlling of all food and feedstuffs which are vulnerable to aflatoxin contamination is necessary to prevent its effects. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3009 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3009/2809

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 31 36 R Prakash Upadhyay Centre for Community Medicine, Old OT block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, C Palanivel Dept. of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India 2015 10 03 First Millennium Development Goal states the target of "Halving hunger by 2015". Sadly, the recent statistics for India pre­sent a very gloomy picture. India currently has the largest number of undernourished people in the world and this is in spite of the fact that it has made substantial progress in health determinants over the past decades and ranks second world­wide in farm output. The causes of existing food insecurity can be better viewed under three concepts namely the: ‘tradi­tional  con­cept' which includes factors such as unavailability of food and poor purchasing capacity; ‘socio-de­mographic concept' which includes illiteracy, unemployment, overcrowding, poor environmental conditions and gender bias; ‘politico-devel­opmental concept' comprising of factors such as lack of intersectoral  coordination and political will, poorly monitored nu­tritional programmes and inadequate public food distribution system. If the Millennium Development Goal is to be achieved by 2015, efforts to improve food and nutrition security have to increase considerably. Priority has to be assigned to agricul­ture and rural development along with promoting women empowerment, ensuring sustainable employ­ment and im­proving environmental conditions (water, sanitation and hygiene). As the problem is multi-factorial, so the solu­tion needs to be multi-sectoral. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3010 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3010/2810

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 37 43 Seong-Ik Baek Dept. of Physical Educations, Myongji University, San 38-2 Namdong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido, 4 Wi-Young So Dept. of Human Performance & Leisure Studies, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27 2015 10 03 Background: This study investigates whether the amount of time that Korean adolescents spend on the Internet per day is related to their weight status. Methods: For this purpose, we analyzed data from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey-V (KYRBWS-V), in which 72,399 students from the 7th to the 12th grade participated. We assessed the relationship between the amount of time spent on the Internet per day and body mass index (BMI) by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: For boys, the odds ratio (OR; confidence interval (CI): 95%) between becoming overweight and the amount of time spent on the Internet per day was 1.225 (1.042-1.441; P=0.014) for >4 hour. The ORs (CI: 95%) between becoming obese and time sp­ent on the Internet per day were 1.238 (1.096-1.399; P=0.001) for >2-≤3 hours, 1.208 (1.021-1.428; P=0.027) for >3-≤4 hours, and 1.303 (1.109-1.532; P=0.001) for >4 hours. For girls, the ORs (CI: 95%) between becoming overweight and time spent on the Internet per day were 1.265 (1.089-1.469; P=0.002) for >2-≤3 hours and 1.338 (1.080-1.659; P=0.008) for >3-≤4 hours. The ORs (CI: 95%) between becoming obese and amount of time spent on the Internet per day were 1.239 (1.014-1.513; P=0.036) for >2-≤3 hours and 1.541 (1.182-2.010; P=0.001) for >3-≤4 hours. Conclusion: Korean adolescents who spend more time on the Internet are predisposed to weight-related problems, regard­less of age, time spent in physical exercise, mental stress, sleep duration, etc. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3011/2811

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 44 53 FM Moy Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, EWH Chang Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia KW Kee Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2015 10 03 Background: Reduced handgrip strength is an aging process that significantly influences the living activities of elderly. It is linked to premature mortality, disability and other health complications among elderly. Therefore, we aim to determine the associated predictors with handgrip strength among the free living elderly in Malaysia.   Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a rural state in Malaysia. A total of 434 elderly individuals per­formed handgrip assessment. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical conditions, occupational history, functional ability (ADL) and depression (GDS) were enquired. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were also obtained. Results: Majority of the respondents were Malays with mean age of 67.9 + 6.3 years. Maximum handgrip strength of males and females were 28.8+9.2 kg and 18.9+6.9 kg respectively (P<0.05). The aborigines had significantly lower handgrip strength (P<0.05) compared to Malays, Chinese and Indians. Handgrip strength was positively correlated (P<0.05) with weight, height and ADL, while negatively associated (P<0.05) with GDS for both gender. In the multivariate linear regres­sion analysis; weight, height and race significantly predicted handgrip strength among both male and female elderly after adjustment for all potential confounders. However, GDS and ADL were only found to significantly predict handgrip strength among the male elderly; while age was only significant among the females. Conclusion: Our sample population has significantly lower handgrip strength than the Western counterpart. Weight, height and race significantly predict handgrip strength among both male and female elderly. GDS, ADL are only found to be sig­nificant in males while age was only significant among the females. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3012 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3012/2812

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 54 62 TH Tung Dept. of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan WH Chiu Dept. of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineer¬ing TH Lin Dept. of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan HC Shih Dept. of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan CT Hsu Dept. of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 2015 10 03 Background: The purpose of this study was to explore any gender-related differences in prevalence of and condition-associ­ated factors related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amongst police population in Taipei, Taiwan. Methods: We studied a total of 1016 healthy adults with police work (972 males and 44 females) voluntarily admitted to physical check-up between January 2006 and December 2006. Blood samples and ultrasound-proved fatty liver sonography results were collected. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD for this sub-population was found to be 52.2%, the prevalence revealing a statistically significant decrease with increasing population age (P<0.001). Males exhibited a greater prevalence of NAFLD than did females (53.6% vs 20.5%, P<0.0001). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, in addition to male gender, an older age, higher BMI, higher ALT, presence of hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were the significant factors associated with NAFLD. Gender-related differences as regards associated factors were also revealed. For males, hy­peruricemia (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.07-1.86), higher ALT (OR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.50-3.56), hypercholesterolemia (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.01-1.82), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.01-2.37) were significantly related to NAFLD but these were not so for females. Conclusion: several gender-related differences were noted pertaining to the prevalence of and relationship between hyperu­ricemia, higher ALT, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia and NAFLD in the present study. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3013 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3013/2813

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 63 73 N Khan Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan 2015 10 03 Background: To determine the mean eruption time of permanent teeth of Pakistani children and to evaluate the effects of gender, type of schools, height, weight and body mass index on it. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from September 2007 to April 2008.  4370 children of ‘just erupted' teeth were obtained from 102 randomly selected schools from 18 towns of Karachi, using systematic random sampling pro­cedure. The dental examination was carried out for the selected child. Height, weight and date of birth were also obtained. Two sample‘t' test and paired ‘t' test were employed to compare the mean time of eruption between gender and type of schools (private/ public),  and upper and lower jaws. Pearson and partial correlations were used to determine the significant relationship between eruption time with height, weight and BMI. Results: The right first molars of upper and lower jaws showed the minimum eruption time. Second molars were the last tooth to emerge. Only 3 teeth showed significant difference of eruption time between the genders. None of contralateral teeth showed any statistical significant difference. All the mandible teeth, except the premolars, erupted earlier than maxil­lary teeth. Private schools children showed early eruption than the public schools children. The Pearson and partial correla­tion were significant positively correlated with height.  Eruption time of all the teeth, except one, showed positive correla­tion with weight. Conclusion: The eruption time of Pakistani children are different in many aspects with to other nationalities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3014 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3014/2814

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 74 82 M Sheikh Fathollahi Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scien M Mahmoodi Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scien K Mohammad Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scien H Zeraati Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scien 2015 10 03 Background: Northern regions of Iran have been encountered to dominate malignancies of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We came to examine the total excess mortality due to the GI cancer in Mazandaran province. Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical data of 484 patients with GI cancer collected during the years 1990-1991were available from Babol Cancer Registry. Patients were followed up for 15 years by the year 2006. Using the West Coale-De­meny life table model, a number of five life tables for men and four for women, corresponding to each birth cohort, were constructed. Observed survival was obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the Expected survival cal­culated using the direct adjusted method represented by STEIN et al. Results: The sample of subjects encompassed 66.3% men and 33.7% women with mean age 58.26 ± 10.90, and endoscopy was the general method for cancer detection. Esophagus accounted for 74.2%, and stomach and colorectal accounted for 22.7% and 3.1% of GI cancers, respectively. Survival rate in 15 years following diagnosis was nearly 6%. Comparing pa­tient and expected survival curves showed a significantly reduced survival for patients of each GI cancer over the whole period and especially during the first two years after diagnosis. Conclusion: Patients experienced reduced survival associated with the development of GI cancers. Considering individuals in a population come from different cohorts, adjustment by constructing distinct life tables for different birth cohorts is rec­ommended. The West model is recommended as a first choice to represent mortality in countries whose registration systems are exposed to various errors. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3015 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3015/2815

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 40 4 2011 12 15 83 88 M Estakhri School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A Djazayery School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran MR Eshraghian School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran R Majdzadeh School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M Sara Monteiro 1. Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal 2. Center for Global Studies, Open University, Lisboa, Portugal 3. Department of Social Sciences and Management, Universidade Aberta, Lisboa, Portugal 2023 09 12 2024 05 04 Background: Burnout is an occupational syndrome, with a higher prevalence in professionals whose close involvement with other people is significant. There is a great diversity of professionals at risk of burnout, and therefore the implementation of intervention programs is relevant, as helping people to maintain their mental and emotional health enables them to become more meaningfully involved in their communities and become more effective and active global citizens. We aimed to review systematically the characteristics of interventions targeting burnout in health professionals. Methods: The search was conducted in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, following the PRISMA model, and 16 eligible articles were identified between 2012 and 2023. Results: Mindfulness showed great efficacy in preventing burnout, by reducing stress levels and promoting empathy. In addition, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, and music therapy showed to improve burnout and occupational stress levels. Balint groups have also helped slow the progression of burnout. Implications about the need for future research to foster the promotion of well-being and mental health of health professionals are mentioned. Conclusion: Mindfulness, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, music therapy and balint groups proved to be effective in preventing burnout. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33203 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33203/8231

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1087 1095 Feifei Peng Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Yin Meng Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Lanchun Sun Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Bo Dong Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Guangchi Xu Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Songtao Liu Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Xinxin Zhang Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Tao Liu Urological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China 2023 08 02 2023 12 10 Background: We aimed to investigate the clinical application effect of people-oriented nursing model on the negative emotions and psychological conditions of patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Eighty patients with bladder cancer were enrolled from January 2020 to January 2022 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University Heilongjiang, Province, China. The patients were randomly divided into the control group, each group consisted of 40 patients (conventional nursing mode) and the experimental group (people-oriented nursing mode) according to the admission time. The differences of the anxiety, depression and quality of life scores at the time of admission and discharge were compared between the two groups. Conclusion: The people-oriented nursing model could relieve the negative emotions, relieve pain and improve the life quality of patients with bladder cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32775/8238

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1009 1020 Li Wang College of Humanities, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000 China liyongjin Li College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000 China Jiali Gu College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000 China Li Xiao College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000 China Jiayang Wang College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000 China 2023 05 30 2023 12 07 Background: We aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness, and perceptions regarding osteoporosis (OP) and risk factors in China. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of science, VIP, and CNKI were searched for papers published before December 2022 using Chinese and English keywords and their combinations: “knowledge”, “osteoporosis”, “risk factor”, “bone health”, “perception”, “awareness”. The levels of knowledge, awareness, and perception about OP, as well as risk factors, clinical symptoms, and health information sources were narratively synthesized. Results: Sixteen papers were finally included for analysis. Participants all showed poor levels of knowledge and perception regarding osteoporosis and risk factors. Investigation of clinical symptoms was rarely involved in the included studies due to the asymptomatic features of OP. The findings also suggest a strong association between poor level of knowledge regarding OP and educational attainment, type of participant, and gender. The majority of participants are increasingly turning to the Internet and social media to access information about OP. Conclusion: The findings of this paper provide useful information for intervention providers to prevent and control OP and encourage them to carry out health promotion campaigns to enhance knowledge and awareness of OP. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32154 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32154/8232

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 05 1096 1103 Juhan Kim Department of Physical Education, General Graduate School, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Seyong Jang Department of Taekwondo, College of Arts and Physical Education, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Joon-Chul Ji Wellness Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea 2024 03 22 2024 05 05 Background: Occupational stress is often high among the employees of insurance companies. We aimed to examine the effects of emotional labor and job stress on job satisfaction among insurance and asset managers and the moderating effect of regular exercise participation in these relationships. Methods: This study was conducted in October 2022. A total of 261 insurance and asset managers working at Samsung Life Insurance Company, Seoul, Republic of Korea, were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, measurement equivalence tests, multi-group structural equation model analysis, and parametric comparison analysis. Results: Both emotional labor and job stress had a negative effect on the job satisfaction of insurance and asset managers (P< 0.05). Regular exercise participation moderated the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction (P< 0.05) but not the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of this study might help encourage devising of strategies that increase exercise participation among insurance and asset managers in order to reduce their emotional labor and job stress while simultaneously increasing their job satisfaction. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34962 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34962/8239

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1021 1032 Fahimeh Barghi Shirazi 1. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Soleimani Movahed Education Development Center (EDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shandiz Moslehi Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Barzegar Rahatlou Department of English Language Teaching, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hesam Seyedin Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 09 2023 09 27 Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29519 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29519/8233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 05 1104 1114 Ana Pjevac Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Teodora Safiye Department of Psychology, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia Elvis Mahmutovic Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia Ardea Milidrag Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandar Radlovic Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Zaklina Rajkovic Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sonja Milosavljevic Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Andjela Gogic Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Mirjana Jovanovic 1. Psychiatric Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Center of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2024 03 04 2024 05 05 Background: The term "internet addiction" (IA) describes a compulsive behavior associated with any online activity that disrupts everyday social interactions. Main aim of this research was to determine variables and development predictors of Internet addiction. Methods: A total of 1,669 respondents participated in this research; 1,040 of them (62.3%) were female, 590 (35.4%) were male, and 39 (2.3%) did not want to declare their gender. The average age of the respondents was 15.09±1.757. Data were collected using an online form consisted of demographic data, questions related to the use of the Internet, the Internet Addiction Scale, and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-auto questionnaire version (TEMPS-A) for adolescents. Results: The relationship between Internet addiction and age, addictive substance use frequency, purpose, time spent on the internet, and type of temperament has been proven. Analysis results indicate that the risk of developing internet addiction is higher if an adolescent spends 1-3 hours and more than 3 hours daily (2.8 and 8.2 times, respectively). Increasing age numbers for 1 unit (year), the risk of internet addiction developing is decreasing by 11.3%. Hyperthymic temperament type decreases the risk of 70.9% of internet addiction developing. Conclusion: It is important to highlight importance of our results since practitioners can utilize our findings to create targeted treatments and prevent internet addiction in adolescents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34813 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34813/8240

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1033 1046 Abdolkazem Neisi 1. Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2. Environmental Health Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Fatemeh Koshki Nasab Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Arefeh Sepahvand Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Bita Falahi Department of Nursing, Aligoudarz School of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran Masoume Taherian Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sci-ences, Ahvaz, Iran Ali Farhadi Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Parisa Asban Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sci-ences, Ahvaz, Iran Nastaran Taleb Pour Environmental Health Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Majid Farhadi Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Abdullah Darghahi 1. Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 2023 05 19 2023 10 04 Background: We aimed to verify the exposure to mercury in the air and its effect on cardiovascular disorders. Methods: The review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and national databases (such as SID) from 1995-2022. Results: Mercury exposure can cause many disorders in humans, including neurodevelopmental disorders in fetuses and children, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension, and diabetes. Mercury is a human neurotoxin, and in recent years its potentially harmful effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have raised concerns, mainly due to mercury's role in reducing oxidative stress. Conclusion: Possible mechanisms of mercury toxicity in CVD include mercury-selenium interaction, increased lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. In this article, we review studies that have investigated the relationship between mercury and CVD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32090 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32090/8242

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 05 1115 1127 Dariush D. Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Paleogenomics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Mahsa Azari 1. Research Center for Paleogenomics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Archeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Rahbar Organization of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, Tehran, Iran 2023 07 19 2024 05 05 Background: Oral infections have been seen in humans since ancient times. Excessive penetration of this infection can cause human death. Most of these infections are gum cysts and abscesses. The cyst creates large hard lumps in the gums, which is causes loose, and protruding teeth and abscesses, causing cavities in the jawbone and teeth. In this article, we have discussed for this infectious disease in 4000 – year - old ancient humans from Qazvin Province, Iran. The bone remains of our research are related to Sagezabad ancient cemetery in Qazvin plain. Methods: We tried to use reliable international atlases to get detailed information about ancient oral infections. The bones were extracted from the 2019 excavation of the Ghara Tappe area of Sagezabad for the Iron Age 2nd and 3rd Qazvin plains of Iran. This cemetery belongs to the period of the Medes Kingdom (pre - Achaemenian kingdom) in Iran. Results: We have discussed one of the ancient cemeteries with a large number of ancient populations. In this cemetery, there are signs of war and infectious diseases on the bones, which can be clearly seen. We have specially mentioned the abscess as the cause of oral infection from Sagezabad cemetery. Conclusion: Oral infection existed in Iran since 2000 BC. Of course, this infection was common in ancient times and even Paleolithic period, like Homo Heidelbergensis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32604/8241

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1047 1057 Nader Majidi Bajerge Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Reha-bilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Khankeh Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Reha-bilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amene Dashtbozorgi Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Research, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Farrokhi Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Reha-bilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 02 06 2023 10 04 Background: Infectious outbreaks due to disrupted social and environmental conditions after climate change-induced events complicate disasters. This research aimed to determine the contentions of bioclimatic variables and extreme events on the prevalence of the most common Climate-Sensitive Infectious Disease (CSID); Malaria in Iran. Methods: The present narrative systematic review study was conducted on the bioclimatic variable impact on the prevalence of malaria, as a common CSID. The search was conducted in 3 sections: global climate change-related studies, disaster related, and studies that were conducted in Iran. The literature search was focused on papers published in English and Persian from Mar 2000 to Dec 2021, using electronic databases; Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranDoc. Results: Overall, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The various types of climatic variables including; Temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and hydrological events including; flood, drought, and cyclones has been reported as a predictor of malaria. The results of studies, inappropriately and often were inconsistent in both Iran and other parts of the world. Conclusion: Identifying malaria outbreak risks is essential to assess vulnerability, and a starting point to identify where the health system is required to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of the population. The finding of most related studies is not congruent to achieve reliable information, more extensive studies in all climates and regions of the country, by climatic models and high accuracy risk map, using the long period of bioclimatic variables and malaria trend is recommended. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31150 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/