Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 1 6 HR Aghaei Meybodi Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran R Heshmat Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Z Maasoumi Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A Soltani Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AA Keshtkar Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran A Bahrami Dept. of Internal medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran R Rajabian Dept. of Internal medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran I Nabipour Dept. of Internal medicine, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr, Iran GH Omrani Dept. of Internal medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran M Pajouhi Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Because of increase in elderly population, osteoporosis appears to become as a major public health issue in developing countries as in Iran. In order to obtain a clearer picture of osteoporosis in Iran, studies on different aspect of osteoporosis especially national projects about epidemiology and burden of disease, are required. Coordinating research programs is pos­sible only by establishing a research network, so the national osteoporosis research network was suggested by Endocrinol­ogy and Metabolism Research of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Osteoporosis Research Network (IORN) was established in 2002 by approval of Deputy for Research and the National Advisory Committee on Non-communicable Diseases of Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. At first, five centers of Medical Sciences Universities and Research Centers in addition to the EMRC, participated in this project. Gradually more centers joined to the network and the numbers of IORN members are now 41 persons from 21 universities and research centers. IORN has had several activi­ties: 1) Research projects, from among them are Iranian Multi-center Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) and Hip Fracture Registry Project (HFRP) in Iran 2) Educational activities with the aim of preventing osteoporosis and its related fractures 3) Estab­lishment of osteoporosis clinic.  In summery osteoporosis is an important public health issue especially in developing coun­tries be­cause of increasing in elderly population. Close relationship between academic and research centers through the IORN mem­bership provided possibility of designing and applying national research projects on epidemiology and burden of osteoporosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2891

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 7 15 H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran N Sedighi Radiology Department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Tofighi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Soltani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran R Hafezi Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among circulating levels of OPG, RANKL, cytokine profiles, bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures in pre and postmenopausal women and comparing these find­ing in three groups including osteoporotic patients with and without fracture and healthy women. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 215 women who attended the BMD unit of Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) of Tehran University of medical sciences were recruited. Serum Osteoporotegerin and sRANKL were measured. In addition, cytokines profile evaluated. Lumbar radiographs in the antero-posterior and left lateral projections were acquired following a standardized protocol and bone mineral densitometry was performed. Results: In X-ray study, 65.2% of postmenopausal women and 34.8% of pre menopausal women had at least one vertebral fracture (P= 0.04). Serum OPG and TNFα concentration significantly correlated with age (OPG: P= 0.001, r= 0.22, TNFα: P=0.04, r= 0.15). In logistic regression model, RANKL/OPG ratio independent of age and BMD was predicted vertebral fractures. Conclusion: Osteoimmunological insight in to vertebral fracture indicated that important role of proinflammatory cytokines and RANKL/OPG pathway in bone remodeling. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2892

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 16 22 M Jafar Mahmoodi Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Karimi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Behzadi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To evaluate bone turnover in coronary artery disease patients by using biochemical markers of bone forma­tion and resorption. Methods: As a cross-sectional study, bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin and crosslaps were measured in 44 an­giographically documented coronary artery disease patients and 30 people with normal angiography invited to Endocrinol­ogy and Metabolism Research Center. Results: Bone mineral density of femur was significantly lower in patient with coronary artery disease (P= 0.04). Preva­lence of femur osteoporosis in patients with coronary artery disease was 43.2% whereas 14.8% of people with normal an­giography had femur osteoporosis (P= 0.01, OR= 4.37; CI95%, 1.29-14, 77).Serum level of osteocalcin and crosslaps ele­vated significantly with increasing severity of coronary artery disease. A significantly positive correlation was found be­tween coronary artery disease severity and serum level of osteocalcin (P= 0.008, r= 0.320). Crosslaps also showed similar cor­relation with number of diseased vessels (P= 0.02, r= 0.268). In multivariate analysis after adjustment of age, sex and BMI, severity of coronary artery disease was independently correlated with osteocalcin (P= 0.006) and crosslaps (P= 0.003). Conclusion: It seems that coronary artery disease and severity of atherosclerosis may be as a bone turnover predictor. Thus rec­ommendation of Bone density and turnover evaluation to patients with a coronary event may be valuable for earlier di­agnosis and prevention of osteoporosis and fracture. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2893

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 23 29 H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Rahmani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To determine the relationship between lipid profile and bone turnover in pre and postmenopausal women. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 279 women referred to Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD) center of endocrinology and Metabolism research center for premenopausal evaluation were assessed for serum osteoporotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL) and lipid profile in biochemistry and hormone laboratory. Results: Serum Total cholesterol had significant inverse correlation with spine L2-L4 BMD (r=-0.152, P= 0.02) and L2-L4 t-score (r=-0.151, P= 0.02). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol also related negatively to spine L2-L4 BMD (r=-0.184, P= 0.007), L2-L4 T score (r=-0.184, P= 0.007) and L2-L4 Z score (r=-0.134, P= 0.04).However no relation was found be­tween triglyceride and high density lipoprotein and lumbar spine BMD values. Whereas 35.5 % of women with LDL >130 had serum RANKL upper than percentile 75, this value was 18.7% among women with LDL< 130(P=0.01, Odds Ratio= 2.39, CI: 1.24-4.6). Osteoprotegerin had no such a relation with LDL. In univariate analysis LDL had a significant relation­ship with RANKL independent of age (P= 0.02). Conclusion: As RANKL is a bone marker that show bone loss, our finding may contribute to demonstrate a negative effect of LDL on bone metabolism. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2894

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 30 35 P Tofighi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Shoushtarizadeh Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran V Haghpanah Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Rajabi-pour Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Kh Adabi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran S Sharghi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background:  Bone turnover is reported to increase in favor of resorption in overt hyperthyroidism and the rate of resorp­tion is associated with the levels of thyroid hormones. As persistent increase in bone turn over is responsible for accelerated bone loss, patients with Graves' disease may have increased risk for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between Graves' disease and bone markers. Methods: The subjects of our study were 31 consecutive untreated GD patients and 37 normal volunteers who were matched on sex proportion and age ranging was diagnosed by suppressed levels of TSH and elevated level of free T3 and free T4 and positive thyroid receptor antibody. Through a clinical trial study executed in endocrinology and metabolism research center, we investigated the relationship between serum osteocalcin & cross-laps with Graves' disease and then kinds of treatment with PTU and methimazole after 8 weeks follow up. Results: No significant differences in age and sex between patients and controls were found. Significant differences in se­rum bone markers and thyroid hormones were detected between patients and controls before therapy (p< 0.001). After treatment we found a significant improvement and returning to normal range in all serum lab tests. There were not any dif­ferences in the effect of treatment on thyroid hormones and bone markers between two groups. Conclusion: We found close relationship between Graves' disease and bone markers. So that treatment of Graves' disease can improve bone turn over. These findings indicated that early diagnosis and management of Graves' disease can be effec­tive for osteoporosis prevention in these patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2895

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 36 40 A Moradi Zirkohi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Zh Maghbooli Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Zare Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Bandarian Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: A relation between adiponectin and bone homeostasis has been illustrated through studying adiponectin se­cretion and its receptor presentation in bone forming cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between fetal bone turnover and adipokines. Methods: In a cross-sectional study performed in Tehran University of medical sciences related hospitals, 77 samples (39 males, 38 females) of umbilical cord blood immediately after delivery were gathered. Clinical characteristics such as gen­der, weight, length, weight to length ratio were recorded. Measurements of leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin and crosslaps were done by ELISA methods in biochemistry and hormone laboratory of endocrinology and metabolism research center. The amounts of crosslaps and osteocalcin were expressed as t-scores, and then t-scores of crosslaps was subtracted from osteocalcin t-scores to establish estimation for bone formation, which we named Bone Formation Index. Results: In Univariate Analysist and obesity combined were 23.8%, 23.5% and 23.5% for 2005, 2009 and 2014, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was stable over the nine years, but there was significant increase in the prevalence of overweight. Population-based preventive strategies, therefore, need to be maintained and intensified.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12043 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12043/5868

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 135 137 Assem AKETAYEVA Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan Zaituna KHAMIDULLINA Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan Zhanar AKHMETOVA Dept. of Neurology, Medical University JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan Assel BAUBEKOVA Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan Zaituna KHISMETOVA Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Yelena DUDNIK Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan Zhaina AITBAEVA Dept. of Physiopathology of the Name of V.G. Korpacheva, Medical University JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan 2017 12 31 2017 12 31 No Abstract###   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12058 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12058/5883

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 40 48 Jinming JI Dept. of Neurology, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China Gang LI Dept. of Neurology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China Yunxia MA Dept. of Neurology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China Shuangshuang PAN Dept. of Neurology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China Rongrong YUAN Dept. of Neurology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China 2017 12 31 2017 12 31 Background: We aimed to investigate the expression levels of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in peripheral blood of patients with refractory epilepsy. Methods: Patients with epilepsy (n=24) and those with refractory epilepsy (n=24) were selected, and 30 normal volunteers were enrolled as control. The expression level of MDR1 genes was detected using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of P-gp and MRP1 were detected via Western blotting. The above-mentioned patients with refractory epilepsy were randomly divided into the oxcarbazepine group (OB group) and placebo group (OZ group). After consecutive 8-week oral administration of drugs, the curative effect and adverse reactions of patients with refractory epilepsy were observed, and the life quality of patients was evaluated. Results: The expression levels of MDR1 genes, P-gp and MRP1 in peripheral blood of patients with refractory epilepsy were significantly increased compared with those of patients with epilepsy, (P<0.05). At 8 weeks after the drug therapy, the effective rate and life quality of patients in OB group were significantly higher than those of patients in OZ group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions during the treatment between the two groups. After treatment, the expression levels of MDR1, P-gp and MRP1 in peripheral blood of patients in OB group were significantly lower than those of patients in OZ group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Oxacillipine could effectively improve the effective treatment rate of patients with refractory epilepsy. The mechanism may be related to MDR1, MRP1 and Pgp expression.       https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12044 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12044/5869

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 138 139 Dong Jun SUNG Division of Sports Science, Konkuk University, Choong Ju, Korea Eun-Ju CHOI Dept. of Physical Education, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea Sojung KIM Dept. of Physical Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA Jooyoung KIM Health and Rehabilitation Major, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea 2017 12 31 2017 12 31 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12059 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12059/5884

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 49 56 Mohammad AL QADIRE Dept. of Adult Health, Nursing School, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan Murad ALKHALAILEH Dept. of Nursing, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Hedaya HINA King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan 2017 12 31 2017 12 31 Background: The interaction between inherited mutated genes and environmental factors is believed to play a crucial role in cancer development. The main aim was to identify lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer among Jordanian women. Methods: A hospital-based multicenter case-control study was conducted in Jordan in 2016. Overall, 405 cases and 418 controls, in 3 large hospitals where cancer patients are treated, participated. The prevalence of individual and groups of cancer-related risk factors was estimated descriptively using percentages and odd ratios with their correlated 95% Confidence interval (CI). The predictors of the occurrence of breast cancer were determined using logistic regression to estimate unadjusted association and adjusted association. Results: Women in the case group (mean=49.2 yr, SD 10.2) were older than those in the control group (mean=45.9, SD 10.9). Physical activity (sufficiently active) (OR=2.76; 95% CI=1.96-3.87) and fruit and vegetable intake (good or optimal) (OR=1.71 95% CI=1.25-2.35) were found to be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, calcium intake (>3 times a week) (OR=0.51; 95% CI=0.34-0.77) was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: Lifestyle risk factors were identified, and certain modifications to lifestyle are needed. Women’s awareness of these factors should be raised through appropriate channels, as a priority of the health authorities. Increasing the amount of high-quality research in this area remains one of the best ways to fight breast cancer, reducing its incidence and associated morbidities.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12045 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12045/5870

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 140 142 Azadeh BASHIRI Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan GHAZISAEEDI Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 12 31 2017 12 31 No Abstract### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12060 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12060/5885

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 57 63 Dariusz BOGUSZEWSKI Division of Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physiotherapy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Jakub Grzegorz ADAMCZYK Theory of Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland Wiesław TOMASZEWSKI College of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw, Poland Daria SAŁATA Division of Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physiotherapy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Ewelina SKOWERA Division of Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physiotherapy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Marta PATALON Division of Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physiotherapy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Anna OBSZYŃSKA-LITWINIEC Division of Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physiotherapy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Dariusz BIAŁOSZEWSKI Division of Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physiotherapy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 2017 12 31 2017 12 31 Background: Pregnancy is a period of time when women tend to suffer from the weakening of their psychophysical fitness. This research evaluated several selected elements of the lifestyle of pregnant women compared to those of non-pregnant women. Methods: Overall, 482 women attended to the Childbirth School in Gynecological-Obstetric Hospital “Inflancka” in Warsaw, Poland, in the years 2011-2013; Group 1 contained 214 pregnant, and Group 2 contained 268 non-pregnant completed a survey inquiry. The research tool applied was Juczyński’s “Inventory of Health Behaviour” (Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych). In this tool, the author evaluates health behaviors through four separate categories: dietary habits, prophylactic behaviors, mental attitude, and health behaviors. The differences between the data were defined through the Student’s t-test for independent groups, with a minimal level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Pregnant women take care of following a healthy lifestyle. The general health behaviour index figure was significantly higher in Group 1 as compared with the Group 2 (P<0.001). A higher level (P<0.001) of healthy behaviour was typical of physically-active individuals, regardless of their Group (1 & 2). Conclusion: Pregnancy might cause women to increase their interest in matters of their own health and adopt a healthier lifestyle. Physical activity can influence other health-related practices.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12046 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12046/5871

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 1 2017 12 31 143 145 Kareem HATAM-NAHAVANDI Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mohammad JAFARI-MODREK Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Hakim AZIZI Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Hadi NAKHZARI-MOGHADAM Dept. of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2017 12 31