Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 1 6 HR Aghaei Meybodi Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran R Heshmat Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Z Maasoumi Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A Soltani Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AA Keshtkar Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran A Bahrami Dept. of Internal medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran R Rajabian Dept. of Internal medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran I Nabipour Dept. of Internal medicine, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr, Iran GH Omrani Dept. of Internal medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran M Pajouhi Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Because of increase in elderly population, osteoporosis appears to become as a major public health issue in developing countries as in Iran. In order to obtain a clearer picture of osteoporosis in Iran, studies on different aspect of osteoporosis especially national projects about epidemiology and burden of disease, are required. Coordinating research programs is pos­sible only by establishing a research network, so the national osteoporosis research network was suggested by Endocrinol­ogy and Metabolism Research of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Osteoporosis Research Network (IORN) was established in 2002 by approval of Deputy for Research and the National Advisory Committee on Non-communicable Diseases of Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. At first, five centers of Medical Sciences Universities and Research Centers in addition to the EMRC, participated in this project. Gradually more centers joined to the network and the numbers of IORN members are now 41 persons from 21 universities and research centers. IORN has had several activi­ties: 1) Research projects, from among them are Iranian Multi-center Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) and Hip Fracture Registry Project (HFRP) in Iran 2) Educational activities with the aim of preventing osteoporosis and its related fractures 3) Estab­lishment of osteoporosis clinic.  In summery osteoporosis is an important public health issue especially in developing coun­tries be­cause of increasing in elderly population. Close relationship between academic and research centers through the IORN mem­bership provided possibility of designing and applying national research projects on epidemiology and burden of osteoporosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2891

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 7 15 H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran N Sedighi Radiology Department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Tofighi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Soltani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran R Hafezi Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among circulating levels of OPG, RANKL, cytokine profiles, bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures in pre and postmenopausal women and comparing these find­ing in three groups including osteoporotic patients with and without fracture and healthy women. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 215 women who attended the BMD unit of Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) of Tehran University of medical sciences were recruited. Serum Osteoporotegerin and sRANKL were measured. In addition, cytokines profile evaluated. Lumbar radiographs in the antero-posterior and left lateral projections were acquired following a standardized protocol and bone mineral densitometry was performed. Results: In X-ray study, 65.2% of postmenopausal women and 34.8% of pre menopausal women had at least one vertebral fracture (P= 0.04). Serum OPG and TNFα concentration significantly correlated with age (OPG: P= 0.001, r= 0.22, TNFα: P=0.04, r= 0.15). In logistic regression model, RANKL/OPG ratio independent of age and BMD was predicted vertebral fractures. Conclusion: Osteoimmunological insight in to vertebral fracture indicated that important role of proinflammatory cytokines and RANKL/OPG pathway in bone remodeling. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2892

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 16 22 M Jafar Mahmoodi Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Karimi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Behzadi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To evaluate bone turnover in coronary artery disease patients by using biochemical markers of bone forma­tion and resorption. Methods: As a cross-sectional study, bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin and crosslaps were measured in 44 an­giographically documented coronary artery disease patients and 30 people with normal angiography invited to Endocrinol­ogy and Metabolism Research Center. Results: Bone mineral density of femur was significantly lower in patient with coronary artery disease (P= 0.04). Preva­lence of femur osteoporosis in patients with coronary artery disease was 43.2% whereas 14.8% of people with normal an­giography had femur osteoporosis (P= 0.01, OR= 4.37; CI95%, 1.29-14, 77).Serum level of osteocalcin and crosslaps ele­vated significantly with increasing severity of coronary artery disease. A significantly positive correlation was found be­tween coronary artery disease severity and serum level of osteocalcin (P= 0.008, r= 0.320). Crosslaps also showed similar cor­relation with number of diseased vessels (P= 0.02, r= 0.268). In multivariate analysis after adjustment of age, sex and BMI, severity of coronary artery disease was independently correlated with osteocalcin (P= 0.006) and crosslaps (P= 0.003). Conclusion: It seems that coronary artery disease and severity of atherosclerosis may be as a bone turnover predictor. Thus rec­ommendation of Bone density and turnover evaluation to patients with a coronary event may be valuable for earlier di­agnosis and prevention of osteoporosis and fracture. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2893

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 23 29 H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Rahmani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To determine the relationship between lipid profile and bone turnover in pre and postmenopausal women. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 279 women referred to Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD) center of endocrinology and Metabolism research center for premenopausal evaluation were assessed for serum osteoporotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL) and lipid profile in biochemistry and hormone laboratory. Results: Serum Total cholesterol had significant inverse correlation with spine L2-L4 BMD (r=-0.152, P= 0.02) and L2-L4 t-score (r=-0.151, P= 0.02). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol also related negatively to spine L2-L4 BMD (r=-0.184, P= 0.007), L2-L4 T score (r=-0.184, P= 0.007) and L2-L4 Z score (r=-0.134, P= 0.04).However no relation was found be­tween triglyceride and high density lipoprotein and lumbar spine BMD values. Whereas 35.5 % of women with LDL >130 had serum RANKL upper than percentile 75, this value was 18.7% among women with LDL< 130(P=0.01, Odds Ratio= 2.39, CI: 1.24-4.6). Osteoprotegerin had no such a relation with LDL. In univariate analysis LDL had a significant relation­ship with RANKL independent of age (P= 0.02). Conclusion: As RANKL is a bone marker that show bone loss, our finding may contribute to demonstrate a negative effect of LDL on bone metabolism. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2894

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 30 35 P Tofighi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Shoushtarizadeh Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran V Haghpanah Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Rajabi-pour Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Kh Adabi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran S Sharghi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background:  Bone turnover is reported to increase in favor of resorption in overt hyperthyroidism and the rate of resorp­tion is associated with the levels of thyroid hormones. As persistent increase in bone turn over is responsible for accelerated bone loss, patients with Graves' disease may have increased risk for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between Graves' disease and bone markers. Methods: The subjects of our study were 31 consecutive untreated GD patients and 37 normal volunteers who were matched on sex proportion and age ranging was diagnosed by suppressed levels of TSH and elevated level of free T3 and free T4 and positive thyroid receptor antibody. Through a clinical trial study executed in endocrinology and metabolism research center, we investigated the relationship between serum osteocalcin & cross-laps with Graves' disease and then kinds of treatment with PTU and methimazole after 8 weeks follow up. Results: No significant differences in age and sex between patients and controls were found. Significant differences in se­rum bone markers and thyroid hormones were detected between patients and controls before therapy (p< 0.001). After treatment we found a significant improvement and returning to normal range in all serum lab tests. There were not any dif­ferences in the effect of treatment on thyroid hormones and bone markers between two groups. Conclusion: We found close relationship between Graves' disease and bone markers. So that treatment of Graves' disease can improve bone turn over. These findings indicated that early diagnosis and management of Graves' disease can be effec­tive for osteoporosis prevention in these patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2895

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 Supple 2 2008 12 15 36 40 A Moradi Zirkohi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Zh Maghbooli Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Hossein-nezhad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Zare Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Bandarian Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Saghafi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran B Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: A relation between adiponectin and bone homeostasis has been illustrated through studying adiponectin se­cretion and its receptor presentation in bone forming cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between fetal bone turnover and adipokines. Methods: In a cross-sectional study performed in Tehran University of medical sciences related hospitals, 77 samples (39 males, 38 females) of umbilical cord blood immediately after delivery were gathered. Clinical characteristics such as gen­der, weight, length, weight to length ratio were recorded. Measurements of leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin and crosslaps were done by ELISA methods in biochemistry and hormone laboratory of endocrinology and metabolism research center. The amounts of crosslaps and osteocalcin were expressed as t-scores, and then t-scores of crosslaps was subtracted from osteocalcin t-scores to establish estimation for bone formation, which we named Bone Formation Index. Results: In Univariate Analysisle="en_US">Dept. of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China. Zhaojun LIU Dept. of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Patients undergoing pacemaker implantation often experience anxiety and fear. As such, studies have focused on the mechanisms that relieve the negative emotions caused by the intervention. Continuous nursing is a safe and effective nursing mode. In this study, continuous nursing intervention was provided for elderly patients undergo-ing pacemaker implantation and an empirical investigation was performed to determine the effects of their negative emotion and disease-coping ability. Methods: Overall, 114 (68 males and 46 females) elderly patients who were undergoing pacemaker implantation from Harbin City (China), were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, the control group and the intervention group, based on different nursing methods. Routine nursing was applied to the control group; continuous nursing support was provided for the intervention group from January 2014 to January 2015. The nursing results of the two groups were compared. These results were also evaluated using self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale, and trait coping style questionnaire. Result: The effects of depression and anxiety intervention were significant in the intervention group (P<0.05). Com-pared with the control group, the intervention group did not significantly differ. The coping style of the intervention group elicited significant effects. Compared with the control group, the intervention group was significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Continuous nursing can relieve the negative emotion and improve the negative coping style of patients undergoing pacemaker implantation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3330 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3330/3052

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 7 2015 10 11 962 968 EN Hakim AZIZI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Bahram KAZEMI Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojgan BANDEHPOUR Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali KHAMESIPOUR Skin and Leprosy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Mohammad Bagher ROKNI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Echinococcosis or hydatidosis is a chronic, zoonotic worldwide infection caused by the larval stage of the dog taeniid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Vaccination has been considered as one of the ways to prevent of hy-datidosis in recent decades. The aim of this study was to construct a pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic expression vector contain-ing the subunit 8-kDa antigen B (Hyd1) of E. granulosus (G1 strain) and investigate its capability to induce protein ex-pression in mammalian cell line, as a basis toward developing a DNA vaccine against hydatidosis. Methods: The coding sequence of HydI was amplified by PCR with the specific PCR primers from pQE/HydI, and then was sub-cloned into pcDNA3.1 plasmid as expression vector. The pcHyd1 plasmid was digested by restriction enzymes and amplified with the specific PCR primers to confirm cloning of this gene in pcDNA3 plasmid. In last step, the sub-cloned gene was expressed in mammalian cell line (NIH 3T3 cells). Result: The subunit 8-kDa antigen B (Hyd1) was successfully sub-cloned in pcDNA3.1 and Hyd1 protein was ex-pressed in eukaryotic cell confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Conclusion: Recombinant plasmid of pcDNA3.1 was successfully constructed and express of recombinant Hyd1 protein was confirmed. That is promising step for forthcoming measures on providing vaccine against human and animal hydatidosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3331 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3331/3053

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 7 2015 10 11 969 978 EN Fatemeh ATOOF Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza ESHRAGHIAN Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kazem MOHAMMAD Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza MORAVVEJI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Dept. of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Mohammad Reza SHARIF Dept. of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Mahmood MAHMOODI Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Twin pregnancies are commonly associated with low birth weight (LBW) infants. Most studies focus on growth of LBW compared with normal infants in singleton. However, there has not been any study on twins to com-pare LBW with normal birth weight (NBW) infants as a match control of the same twin. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Healthcare centers of Kashan, in 2013. Twins differing in birth weight (one with LBW and the other with NBW) were assessed using the care charts in Well Care program in regard to weight, height and head circumference measurements at birth and after 6, 12, 24 months of age and were compared separately between all matched pairs and in four sex-twin subgroups which was defined according to the sex of each twin in pairs; SF(Same-sex: Female), SM(Same-sex: Male), LF(LBW: Female) and LM(LBW: Male). Results: Incidence of dissimilar twins in birth weight was 28.4%. The weight of LBW was significantly lower than the NBW cohort in SF and LF subgroups up to 24 months. The height of LBW was not significantly different from NBW cohort in SM and LM subgroups up to 24 month. Head circumference was significantly higher in LBW compared to NBW cohort in LM subgroup up to 24 month. However, these indices were significantly lower in LBW compared to NBW cohort in all pairs. Conclusion: Although LBW cohort was significantly lower than the NBW in growth indices at birth to 2 years old in all twins, however, highly variable results was observed in four subgroups of sex-twin. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3332 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3332/3054

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 7 2015 10 11 979 986 EN Azam RAHMANI Dept. of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Effat MERGHATI-KHOEI Iranian National Center of Addiction Studies (INCAS); the Risk Behavior Institution. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Lida MOGHADDAM-BANAEM Dept. of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh ZAREI Dept. of Health Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali MONTAZERI Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim HAJIZADEH Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Research on sensitive topics, such as sexuality, could raise technical, methodological, ethical, political, and legal challenges. The aim of this paper was to draw the methodological challenges which the authors confronted during sexuality research with young population in the Iranian culture. Methods: This study was an exploratory mixed method one conducted in 2013-14. We interviewed 63 young women aged 18-34 yr in qualitative phase and 265 young women in quantitative phase in (university and non-university) dor-mitories and in an Adolescent Friendly Center. Data were collected using focus group discussions and individual inter-views in the qualitative phase. We employed conventional content analysis to analyze the data. To enhance the rigor of the data, multiple data collection methods, maximum variation sampling, and peer checks were applied. Results: Five main themes emerged from the data: interaction with opposite sex, sexual risk, sexual protective, sex education, and sexual vulnerability. Challenges while conducting sex research have been discussed. These challenges included assumption of promiscuity, language of silence and privacy concerns, and sex segregation policy. Conclusion: We described the strategies applied in our study and the rationales for each strategy. Strategies applied in the present study can be employed in contexts with the similar methodological and moral concerns. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3333 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3333/3055

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 7 2015 10 11 987 996 EN Zahra YADEGARI Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Dental Materials , School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojgan BANDEHPOUR Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bahram KAZEMI Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Khojasteh SHARIFI-SARASIABI Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Amelogenins are the major components of enamel matrix proteins. Enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) can be used in periodontal diseases to regenerate periodontal tissues. The main aim of this study was to evaluate ex-pression of full-length functional recombinant human amelogenin (rhAm) in Iranian lizard Leishmania (I.L.L.) as an alternative eukaryotic expression system. Methods: Human cDNA encoding a 175-amino acid amelogenin expression cassette was sub cloned into a pLEXSY vector. The construct was transferred into Leishmania cells by electroporation. The protein production was surveyed in the transcription and the translation levels. The expressed protein was purified and some of its biological properties were investigated in comparison to EMD and negative control. Results: Expression of rhAm was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot test in Leishmania cells. Purified rhAm sig-nificantly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) multinuclear cells in calcitriol stimulated mouse marrow cultures. Moreover, it significantly promoted proliferation and DNA synthesis in L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Functional rhAm was successfully expressed in I.L.L. Easy handling and post translation modification were the main advantages of this expression system. It is suggested to investigate molecular properties of this rhAm in the future. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3334 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3334/3056

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 7 2015 10 11 997 1003 EN Ahmad HAERIAN-ARDAKANI Dept. of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mahsa REZAEI Dept. of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.