Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 1 14 M Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori DD Farhud MA Patton 2015 10 03 Background: Mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin 26 protein, are the main cause for autosomal recessive and sporadic non syndromic hearing loss in many populations. Here, we have taken together and reviewed results from our six previous publications, our unpublished data from ten Iranian provinces, as well as data from two previous mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and deafness in Iran. Methods: In all, 1095 hearing impaired students and their deaf siblings from 890 families in 10 provinces of Iran were studied. The prevalence and type of the GJB2 gene mutations were investigated using nested PCR pre screening strategy and direct sequencing of the coding exon of the gene. Results: Altogether 31 different genetic variants were detected from which 17 GJB2 mutations were identified. GJB2 mutations were found in 14.6% of deaf families (18.29% of familial and 12.7% of sporadic cases). We found GJB2 mutations in both alleles in 78% of GJB2 mutations chromosomes. However, 35delG mutation was the most common GJB2 mutation accounting for 74.5% of the mutations in populations studied. Conclusion: Our data indicated that a specific combination of GJB2 mutations types and frequencies was presented in different populations of Iran. These results also highlight the importance of GJB2 mutations in development of hearing loss in familial and sporadic deaf families in different parts of the country and can be used as a basis of genetic counseling and clinical guideline in Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2127 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2127/2108

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 15 21 Z Kechrid S Amamra F Dahdouh N Bouzerna 2015 10 03 Background: To investigate the effect of CaNa2-EDTA and experimental diabetes (IDDM) on zinc and carbohydrate metabolism and the activities of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. Methods: Forty male normal albino (Wistar) rats of 8 weeks of age were fed with a basal diet. Twenty rats were then intraperitoneally injected with alloxan to induce diabetes. Then after one week ten rats from each group (n= 20) were administrated intraperitoneally with CaNa2-EDTA for further three weeks. Body weight gain and food intake were recorded regularly. On day 21 animals were killed and blood glucose, serum and tissues zinc concentrations, liver glycogen contents, serum transaminase enzymes (GOT, GPT), and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were determined. Results: The administration of CaNa2-EDTA significantly altered body weight gain, food intake and serum zinc concentration of either diabetic or non-diabetic animals. Both diabetic and non-diabetic rats given CaNa2-EDTA had higher blood glucose than their controls. Liver glycogen was also found to be higher in CaNa2-EDTA non-diabetic rats than their controls. CaNa2-EDTA also led to increasing of GOT and GPT, and decreasing serum alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: To conclude, the present study demonstrates that CaNa2-EDTA had an effect on the previous parameters. Therefore it was appeared that CaNa2-EDTA resulted in the development of severe diabetes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2128 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2128/2109

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 22 26 AR Khabiri F Bagheri MR Siavashi M Assmar 2015 10 03 Background: Anaphylactic reactions, such as urticaria, edema, respiratory symptoms, and anaphylactic shock often complicate the course of Cystic Echinococcosis (CE). Methods: To investigate the role of the IgE immunoreactive antigen 5 (Ag 5) in the sero-positive patients with CE, we determined N-terminal of 57 kDa subunit of Ag5 responsible for IgE and C-terminal of this active antigen related to induction of IgG specifically. Results: Immunoblotting analysis showed that specific IgE to 57-kDa subunit related to inter-chain disulphide band of two 22 kDa and 38-kDa component of Ag5 and conformational epitope on this subunits. In addition, since the 57 kDa component arise from the removal of the C-terminal portion of 22 kDa subunit of Ag5, thus IgE specifically recognized N-terminal of 22 kDa subunit which remain bounds to the other component, whereas IgG reacted with C-terminal of 38 kDa component of Ag5. Conclusion: Recognition of the specific binding site on the 57 kDa subunit of Ag5 could leads to understanding the mechanism regulating IgE/IgG production in some immune circumstances that IgE tends to some dominate, whereas in other IgG predominates. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2129 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2129/2110

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 27 34 AA Haghdoost L Kawaguchi A Mirzazadeh H Rashidi A Sarafinejad AR Baniasadi C Davies 2015 10 03 Background: To check the feasibility of using geographical information system (GIS) methods, we linked the brucellosis data of human and animals. Methods: In a village-based ecological study in Bardsir- a district in Kerman Province located nearly to the central part of Iran- data of human brucellosis, socio-economic level, and livestock characteristics (2001-4) were linked by using GIS methods. Results: Annual incidence of human brucellosis was 141.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Most of the high risk villages were seen in the north and south of Bardsir (3.6% of villages). A positive association was observed between the frequency of brucellosis and density of cattle (OR=1.81, P= 0.007). In addition, the size of human population was an independent determinant factor (OR= 1.94, P< 0.001). No association was found between frequency of the disease and socio-economic indicators and also the density of sheep. Conclusion: Our study showed that we could generate informative risk maps of brucellosis using health and veterinary data which might improve the quality of control programme in Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2130 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2130/2111

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 35 39 M Saadat 2015 10 03 Background: Although numerous studies have found deleterious effects of inbreeding on childhood and pre-reproductive mortality, one question remains inadequately addressed: Dose inbreeding lead to increased childhood mortality rates in countries with high level of consanguinity? Methods: To evaluate the public health impact of inbreeding on offspring mortality, the association between mean of inbreeding coefficient (α) and sex specific child and adult mortality rates in 24 countries from Asia and Africa was analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis showed that countries with relatively higher rates of consanguineous marriages have higher mortality rates than the countries with lower consanguinity rates. Also, countries with relatively higher GDP per capita have lower mortality rates. After controlling the GDP per capita, significant positive correlations between α and child (Female: r=0.4355, df=21, P=0.038; Male: r=0.3991, df=21, P=0.059) mortality rates were observed. There was no significant correlation between α and adult (Female: r=0.2977, df=21, P=0.168; Male: r=0.2207, df=21, P=0.312) mortality rates, after controlling for GDP per capita. Conclusion: It is concluded that consanguinity influences child deaths rate independent of the GDP per capita and that a large proportion of deaths could be attributed to inbreeding in several countries due to high frequencies of consanguinity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2131 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2131/2112

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 40 44 H Mirhendi K Diba A Rezaei N Jalalizand L Hosseinpur H Khodadadi 2015 10 03 Background: Yeast infections are increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. In order to perform a DNA-based diagnostic test, availability of a rapid and easy-to-perform DNA extraction protocol is essential. In the present study we evaluated colony-PCR as the easiest way to amplification of target DNA. Methods: Instead of using templates of purified genomic DNA, we performed the PCR directly from yeast colonies or cultures. Serial cell dilution of three reference yeast strains including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used for determining the sensitivity of the colony-PCR. A total of one hundred yeast isolates were also tested. All reactions were performed using the universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4 complementary to the rDNA region. Results: The colony-PCR resulted in a single band (with different sizes) for 106 cells or more for all reference species. Furthermore 98 out of 100 (98%) of samples showed a relevant single band after PCR. Conclusion: Directly application of the yeast cells obtained from culture colony for PCR reaction is a fast, reliable, cost-effective and simple method for performing any PCR-based protocol including diagnostic tests. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2132 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2132/2113

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 45 49 HR Rahimi EB Kia SH Mirhendi A Talebi M Fasihi Harandi N Jalali-zand MB Rokni 2015 10 03 Background: Echinocuccus granulosus, the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis has long been recognized as having a high degree of genetic divergence. The strains characterization seems to be essential for the establishment of a preventive and control strategy in every endemic area. Using DNA based methods for strain /genotype characterizations of E. granulosus have some difficulties, especially access to an efficient and pure concentration of DNA and proper primers. Methods: Using grinder method, a pure and high concentration DNA was extracted from 10 human hydatid cysts collected from Isfahan (central Iran) hospitals, and processed for PCR reaction. Results: Using DNASIS, the primers were designed in internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, following analysis of 30 E. granulosus nucleotide sequences, extracted from gene bank. Conclusion: This new and specific E. granulosus primer which amplified DNA thoroughly can be applied for molecular studies on echinococcosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2133 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2133/2114

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 50 54 A Sarafnejad F Siavoshi R Safaralizadeh S Masarat F Khosravi R Malekzadeh B Nikbin AR Salehi-Nodeh 2015 10 03 Background: Flow cytometry is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for determination of bacterial viability. Here we assayed the capability of flow cytometry to detect Helicobacter pylori viable cells in both forms of spiral and coccoid. Methods: Viable bacteria stained with Rhodamin 123 and fluoresced with laser beam of 488nm. The rate of Rh123 absorption was determined in both forms of bacteria. Results: In positive control that consisted of live bacteria, the rate of rh123 absorption was at highest, but negative control that consisted of dead bacteria, the rate of Rh 123 absorption was at lowest absorption. This method showed that non-culturable coccoid forms of H. pylori, which could resist environmental stresses, were alive and might be responsible for bacterial transmission and failure in disease treatment. Conclusion: Due to simplicity, reliability, and sensitivity of flow cytometry, this method is preferred to other expensive and no reliable methods such as autoradiography, PCR and Electron microscopy used for assessment viability. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2134 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2134/2115

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 1 2007 03 15 2078 2086 Xiaoyan YU Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, P.R. China Jie BAO Department of Hematopathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, P.R. China Xinyu CUI Department of Hematopathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, P.R. China Fengxia DU Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161006, P.R. China Yuefei WANG Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161006, P.R. China Lili BI Department of Hematopathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, P.R. China Jun SUN Department of Hematopathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, P.R. China Ling LI Department of Hematopathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar161000, P.R. China 2020 04 24 2020 10 27 Background: We investigate the effects of NFκB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid ammonium salt (PDTC) on the viability, apoptosis and cell phenotype of HK-2 cells in the co-culture system of myeloma cells in renal tubular epithelial cells. Methods: This study was performed in Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China from Jun 2018 to Jan 2019. RPMI-8226 cells and HK-2 cells were inoculated in the co-culture chamber and cultured to establish the co-culture system. An immunoturbidimetric assay was performed to detect κ light chain and λ light chain in RPMI-8226 cells. The effect of PDTC on the secretion of κ light chain and λ light chain of RPMI-8226 cells was detected by immunoturbidimetry and the ratio was calculated. Results: PDTC significantly increased the viability of HK-2 cells. PDTC reduced the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. After PDTC treatment, the expression of cell surface marker E-cadherin decreased, and the expression of α-SMA increased, which induced the renal interstitial fibrosis. The secretion of κ light chain and λ light chain of RPMI-8226 cells was significantly decreased after the addition of PDTC, but the ratio was not changed. Conclusion: PDTC can inhibit the cell activity, promote apoptosis, and reduce the secretion of secretion of κ light chain and λ light chain through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway activation of myeloma cell RPMI-8226. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20484/7034

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2020 10 27 2044 2053 Jianxin TAO Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, P.R. China Ye ZHANG Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, P.R. China Tong WANG Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, P.R. China 2018 09 13 2018 12 30 Background: Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) has been differentially expressed in various malignancies including gastric cancer (GC). Several previous meta-analyses of GLUT-1 have some significant limitations, such as researching the association between GLUT-1 and various cancer types with no specificity, not studying clinicopathological parameters with GLUT-1, existing conspicuous heterogeneity and so forth. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between GLUT-1 expression and survival of gastric cancer patients, as well as clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant studies in accordance with the applicable criteria up to Aug 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the effective measures. Results: A total of 13 studies involving 1972 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that there was a significant association between GLUT-1 expression and overall survival (OS) (HR=1.45, 95% CI=1.13-1.87) or disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=2.18, 95% CI=1.46-3.25). Moreover, GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with worse tumor nodes metastases (TNM) stage (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.28-0.43), presence of lymph node metastasis (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.34-6.19), intestinal type of Lauren classification (OR=3.84, 95% CI=2.57-5.74) and invasion of serosa (OR=0.25, 95% CI=0.18-0.35). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that GLUT-1 was significantly correlated with poor OS and DFS in gastric cancer. Additionally, GLUT-1 was also a potential prognostic indicator of aggressive clinicopathological parameters in gastric cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14707 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14707/7030

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2020 10 28 2219 2221 Kewwan KIM Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea AND Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Seji AHN Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Kyoungkyu JEON Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea AND Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2020 03 26 2020 04 14 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20136 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20136/7052

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2020 10 27 2087 2094 In-Dong KIM Department of Sports and Wellbeing, The Graduate School, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea 2020 09 01 2020 10 27 Background: This study investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate (HCO3-) intake on maximum muscle strength variables during eight weeks of high-intensity exercise of a sprinter. Methods: The study was conducted on 30 elite sprint athletes in Seoul, Republic of Korea as in 2016 with ≥3 yr of an athletic career by assigning 10 each to three groups (the control, training, and sodium bicarbonate-training combination groups [HCO3- and training group]). The training group and the HCO3- and training group participated in a high-intensity exercise program for 90 min per session, five days a week for eight weeks in total, and it involved 80%-90% heart rate max intensity increase every 2-3 weeks, and allocation of internal exercise, aquatic exercise, and hill exercise. HCO3- was provided to the HCO3- and training group, and involved an intake of 300 g of HCO3- per 1 kg body weight, once a day, 90 min prior to the high-intensity exercise program for eight weeks. Results: HCO3- intake during high-intensity training had a positive effect on maximum muscle strength. A positive effect was observed in the HCO3- and training groups; however, the effect on maximum muscle strength was stronger in the HCO3- and training groups. In particular, the effect on maximum muscle strength was observed during extension than during flexing starting from the fourth week of the exercise program with HCO3- intake. Conclusion: HCO3- intake during 8 weeks of high-intensity training began to have a positive effect on maximum muscle strength. Therefore, HCO3- intake during high-intensity exercise is effective in improving exercise capacity.         https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22056 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22056/7035

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2020 10 27 2054 2059 Wenwen ZHAO General Practice Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China Rongying WANG General Practice Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China Yayi WANG General Practice Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China Min ZHANG General Practice Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China Tianlu YIN Department of Health Management, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, P.R. China 2020 06 05 2020 10 27 To the ultimate overall goal to train sufficient numbers of highly qualified general practitioners. We analyzed the recent study on the necessity of medical humanities education for general practitioners and the status of the humanities education of general practitioners. Meanwhile, the model of medical humanities education for general practitioners in China in the future is prospected, with the support of the general practice departments in comprehensive tertiary hospitals. Improving the training mode of general practitioners is performed by a combination of enhancing their clinical skills and medical humanity education, cultivating high-quality general practice faculty by the use of innovative teaching methods. General practitioners need to have a comprehensive understanding of patients and their needs, integrate the whole process of "seeing patients" and "seeing people", consider the best interests of patients, and adopt the most effective treatment plan, which involves human value care and reflects medical humanistic quality. Therefore, general practitioners should have medical humanistic education. The general practice education system in the developed countries in Europe and America is relatively mature, and the medical humanistic quality education of general practitioners is explored early. On the other hand, in mainland China, general practice starts late and develops slowly, and the medical humanistic quality of general practitioners is not sufficiently paid attention to. Currently, there are still many problems to be further addressed and resolved. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21029 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21029/7031

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2020 10 28 2222 2224 EN Jeongmin LEE Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dong-il KIM Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea AND Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2020 08 12 2020 10 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21792 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21792/7053

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2