Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 1 8 J Nouri KD Naghipour 2015 10 03 Environmental pollution of soil, plants and deposits around highways endanger urban environment through heavy metals as the by-products of vehicles and urban industries along with other pollutants. In this research, three main highways of Tehran city; namely Shahid Chamran, Shahid Hemmat and Yadegar Emam which had the highest rate of vehicle transportation were selected and required sampling was performed in various distances and specific spots. After preparation of the sample by applying standard method, the concentration of 5 metals such as; lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc and copper were measured by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer–flame absorption. The TSS, TS, sodium and potassium contents were measured as well. The results showed the presence of maximum zinc contents ranging from 0.86 to 5.85 mg l-1 and lead contents of 0.6 to6.5 mg/l, both as the highest metal contents in the three highways. On the other hand, the average concentration of total heavy metals found in the highways were measured for the 5 metals and showed the degree of pollution in Chamran highway, with 3.294 mg/l zinc, 3.06 mg/l lead, 0.210 mg/l copper, 0.127 mg/l nickel and 0.058 mg/l cadmium concentrations. Nevertheless, the heavy metals concentration in Hemmat highway had the minimum amount. It seemed that the high degree of pollution in Chamran highway is due to very heavy and lengthy traffic in this highway, since it is located in the central part of Tehran. It also joins northern part of the city to the downtown area and tolerates a heavy traffic jam of vehicles. In addition, due to the slow traffic move and long stops in Chamran highway, tires undergo more abrasion due to repeated brakes and this intensifies, zinc discharge and lead releases from automobile fuels, all of which are being factors that lead to an increase in the metals contents of runoffs of Chamran highway. The aforementioned subject matters reveal urban management’s need to arrange for more controlled and coordination in traffic, environmental preservation and hygiene, particularly in the urban highways. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1992 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1992/1973

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 9 10 M Ansari-Lari M Saadat 2015 10 03 A cross-sectional study to determine whether occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs can cause hematologic changes was performed. Blood samples were collected from a group of 24 hematology/oncology nurses who were exposed to antineoplastic drugs during a mean preiod of 5.5 years (standard error =1.1). The control group, matched by sex, and age, consisted of 18 nurses, worked on other sections. Within the normal range we found significant differences between the exposed and the control group in the absolute mean number of the total white blood cells (t=-2.50; df=40; P https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1993 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1993/1974

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 11 14 AH Zahirnia H Vatandoost M Nateghpour E Djavadian 2015 10 03 Two organochlorine, one organophosphate, two carbamate and two pyrethroid insecticides have been studied for their comparative study against fieldcollected An.pulcherrimus. The trail was conducted in Ghasreghand district, Sistan and Baluchistan province, Southeastern Iran using WHO impregnated papers at the diagnostic dose. Results revealed that this species exhibit resistant to 0.4% dieldrin (mortality 86 ± 2.07). Dose response regression line from interval exposure times to 0.4% dieldrin showed that LT50 and LT90 was 14 and 76 minutes, respectively. The efficacles of other insecticides such as 4% DDT, 5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.1% propoxur, 0.25% permethrin and 0.1% lambdacyhalothrin were maximum when mosquitoes exposed 1 hour at diagnostic dose followed by 24 hour recovery period. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1994 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1994/1975

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 15 18 Arefanian1 M Djalali 2015 10 03 Transferrin acts as a vehicle for iron transportation between the absorption, storage and utilization sites in the body and, besides iron, its two highaffinity iron-binding site are capable of binding to 29 other elements. In physiological and pathophysiological conditions, transferrin’s properties are different and close attention to these properties is required. For further investigation for the above properties, it is necessary to have this protein in highly pure state.The purpose of this research was to isolate and purify the human transferrin from serum with native properties and high purity. The results of this research lead to a protocol for the isolation and purification of human transferrin which is cost-effective and time saving to produce antitransferrin antibody for immunological kits. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1995 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1995/1976

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 19 20 D Shojaeizadeh M Gashtaee 2015 10 03 In order to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and health behaviour among menopausud women, a random sample of 250 menopaused women was studied. The data was collected by using a questionnaire and analysed by the SPSS programe. The study showed that seventy woman (28%) had good Knowledge, only twenty seven women (11%) had a positive attitude, and forty women (16%) had good healthy behaviours regarding menopause duration. Also the results of this study revealed that there is a positive correlation between knowledge, attitude and healthy behaviour (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, the menopausal women must be educated about correct health behaviour because by increasing their knowledge, they will develope a positive attitude and have a healthy behaviour in menopausal years. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1996 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1996/1977

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 21 22 SA Masoud 2015 10 03 A storke is the sudden onset of focal neurologic deficit from a vascular mechanism and is the 3 rd cause of death in developed countries. This study was carried out to evaluate the known risk factors of stroke and their effect on the onset of it in Shahid Behesti hospital in Kashan in 1998. The descriptive strategy of this study was conducted on 300 patients with CVA, that their illness was documented based on their clinical and CT-Scan findings. The informations about the patients was listed in an information list after hospitalization. Most cases were between 70-80 years old. 64% of cases had hypercholestrolemia, 15% diabetic history, 54% hypertension, 40.6% had positive history of smoking and 22.4 % had combined hyperlipidemia. Considering the high incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes among the patient with CVA, and the high incidence of smoking as well, more attention is needed to reduce these risk factors in the society. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1997 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1997/1978

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 23 27 ∗K Shahandeh 2015 10 03 The most common reason for women ceasing breast-feeding were lack of support and appropriate advice. To explore the advice about breast-feeding given by community midwives and compare and contrast their advice in Swansea (UK) and Shahrekord (Iran). Data collected through semi-structured interview with a sample of 12 community midwives, 6 from each country. Purposive sample was selected as capable of giving a wide range of responses. Following transcriptions of the interviews, data were analyzed using a content analysis approach.Within Education, Support, Antenatal and Postnatal Advice Themes, categories and sub-categories emerged from the data. Participants were generally aware of their role in supporting women in the process of breast-feeding.The knowledge obtained through research and education should be shared with women so that informed decision of feeding method can be made. More training staff might produce better outcome. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1998 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1998/1979

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 29 32 MH Salari 2015 10 03 Brucellosis has remained a great problem of health in most of countries, which have failed in control of zoonosis infections. This disease is caused by species of Brucella and usually is transferred from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis among animal farmers of Yazd province. In this descriptive study, 933 animal farmers were investigated by serological tests and blood culture method. Then the data were analyzed by SPPS statistical program. The results showed that the frequency distribution of seropositive cases by MAT and STAT were 35 (3.2%); 25 (2.7%) males and 10 (1.1%) females. The highest and lowest incidences of seropositive cases were among age group of 21-30 (1%) and more than 60 (0.3%) years old, respectively. Of the 35 seropositive cases, 2MET positive were 5 (0.5%), while all blood cultures were negative. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1999 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1999/1980

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 33 36 S Eshraghi Ian C Hancock E Williams 2015 10 03 The methylotrophic thermo tolerant actinomycete strain 381, was isolated from a compost sample, assimilated methanol during growth. Methanol dehydrogenase could not be detected in cell extracts using dye-linked assays in the absence of NAD+. Dichlorophenol-indophenol-linked methanol oxidation was detected in broken cell suspensions in the presence of NAD+ and the absence of cyanide. Taxonomic studies showed that actinomycete strain 381 was distinct from Nocardia species 239, which has also been reported to contain an NAD+– dependent methanol dehydrogenase. The organism can also utilizes pyruvate, casamino acid, glucose, glycerol and many other carbon sources as described before. Preliminary enzyme studies suggested that the cell extracts contained phosphoribulokinase and (RUBP) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (the two key enzymes for Calvin cycle) which–compounds indicating that actinomycete strain 381, assimilates C1by the means of Serine pathway. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2000 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2000/1981

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 37 44 F Esmaily MK Sharifi–Yazdi 2015 10 03 The immounological responses to S. aureus cell wall antigens, namely crude or whole cell, teichoic acid (TA) peptidoglycan prepared in conventional way (CPG), cell wall (CW), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were investigated by number of immunological methods e.g. RIA, ELISA, immunodiffusion and western blotting techniques.Also a method for preparation of peptidoglycan (MPG) was modified and used as vaccine for our protection studies. In general the responses in rabbits (serum titre) to fractions of S. aureus, varied, crued antigen showed the highest end-point titer while lipoteichoic acid showed the lowest end-point. The highest end-point titre was always seen between homologous sera and antigens. Modified pepdidoglycan and cell wall (PG + TA) showed the similar titre against S. epidermidis hyperimmueserum. The cross – reactivty was also seen between fractions by S. aureus Bate . S. aureus Wood (lack protein A) S. epidermidis and streptococci against various immune sera tested by Elisa and gel diffiusion. The results demonstrated that protective antibody can be obtained between different strain or species of bacteria due to the presence of common antigen or antigenes especially PG in gram - positive bacteria. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2001 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2001/1982

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 31 1-2 2002 06 15 45 46 SA Jalali SM Jalali 2015 10 03 Colorectal carcinoma is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the United States of America. In women the incidence is second 45 9 2016 10 10 1227 1228 Andrés WIEGERING-ROSPIGLIOSI Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú Jamil POLETTI-JABBOUR Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú Reneé PEREYRA-ELÍAS Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú 2016 09 27 2016 09 27 Body Image Dissatisfaction vs Muscle Dysmorphia https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7860 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7860/5561

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 9 2016 10 10 1179 1187 Payam AMINI Dept. of Epidemiology & Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Hasan AHMADINIA Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Jalal POOROLAJAL Research Center for Health Sciences and Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad MOQADDASI AMIRI Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2016 09 27 2016 09 27 Background: We aimed to assess the high-risk group for suicide using different classification methods includinglogistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM). Methods: We used the dataset of a study conducted to predict risk factors of completed suicide in Hamadan Province, the west of Iran, in 2010. To evaluate the high-risk groups for suicide, LR, SVM, DT and ANNwere performed. The applied methods were compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, negative predicted value, accuracy and the area under curve. Cochran-Q test was implied to check differences in proportion among methods. To assess the association between the observed and predicted values, Ø coefficient, contingency coefficient, and Kendall tau-b were calculated. Results: Gender, age, and job were the most important risk factors for fatal suicide attempts in common for four methods. SVM method showed the highest accuracy 0.68 and 0.67 for training and testing sample, respectively. However, this method resulted in the highest specificity (0.67 for training and 0.68 for testing sample) and the highest sensitivity for training sample (0.85), but the lowest sensitivity for the testing sample (0.53). Cochran-Q test resulted in differences between proportions in different methods (P<0.001). The association of SVM predictions and observed values, Ø coefficient, contingency coefficient, and Kendall tau-b were 0.239, 0.232 and 0.239, respectively. Conclusion: SVM had the best performance to classify fatal suicide attempts comparing to DT, LR and ANN.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7869 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7869/5553

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 9 2016 10 10 1126 1135 Tianjie HAN Dept. of Hematology, Tai’an Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China Junshan LI Dept. of Gastroenterology, Tai’an Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China Ling WANG Dept. of Hematology, Tai’an Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China Hongzhi XU Dept. of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2016 09 27 2016 09 27 Background: Coffee is implicated in the susceptibility to several cancers. However, the association between coffee and lymphoma remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to assess quantitatively the association between coffee and the incidence of lymphoma. Methods: A literature search was performed for cohort and case-control studies published using PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases. Studies were included if they reported relative ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lymphoma with respect to coffee consumption. Pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. All P values are two tailed Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, which included three cohort and four case-control studies. Compared with did not or seldom drink coffee per day, being no significantly association between coffee and risk of lymphoma (pooled RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 0.89-1.23). In the subgroup analysis, no significant association between coffee and lymphoma risk was detected not only in different study types (cohort studies RR: 1.29; 95% CI, 0.92-1.80; case control studies RR: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.82-1.99) but also in different regions (Europe RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.99-1.47; USA RR: 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62-1.15; Asia RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.84-1.40) and coffee consumption status (≥4cups/d 1.03, 95% CI: 0.69–1.56; ＜4cups/d RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.89- 1.26 ). The funnel plot revealed no evidence for publication bias. Conclusion: There was no sufficient evidence to support coffee consumption association with the risk of lymphoma. Further well-designed large-scaled cohort studies are needed to provide conclusions that are more definitive.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7848 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7848/5547

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 9 2016 10 10 1229 1231 Rui ZHEN School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Xiao ZHOU School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2016 09 27 2016 09 27 Understanding the Relationship between Optimistic Personality and Anxiety among College Students: The Mediating Role of Coping Style https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7861 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7861/5562

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 9 2016 10 10 1188 1198 Vahid NOVIN Safety and Environment, University of Tehran, Graduate Faculty of Environment, Tehran, Iran Saeed GIVEHCHI Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hassan HOVEIDI Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2016 09 27 2016 09 27 Background: Reliable methods are crucial to cope with uncertainties in the risk analysis process. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated approach to assessing risks of benzene in the petrochemical plant that produces benzene. We offer an integrated system to contribute imprecise variables into the health risk calculation. Methods: The project was conducted in Asaluyeh, southern Iran during the years from 2013 to 2014. Integrated method includes fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. Each technique had specific computational properties. Fuzzy logic was used for estimation of absorption rate. Artificial neural networks can decrease the noise of the data so applied for prediction of benzene concentration. First, the actual exposure was calculated then it combined with Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) toxicity factors to assess real health risks. Results: High correlation between the measured and predicted benzene concentration was achieved (R2= 0.941). As for variable distribution, the best estimation of risk in a population implied 33% of workers exposed less than 1×10-5 and 67% inserted between 1.0×10-5 to 9.8×10-5 risk levels. The average estimated risk of exposure to benzene for entire work zones is equal to 2.4×10-5, ranging from 1.5×10-6 to 6.9×10-5. Conclusion: The integrated model is highly flexible as well as the rules possibly will be changed according to the necessities of the user in a different circumstance. The measured exposures can be duplicated well through proposed model and realistic risk assessment data will be produced.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/7854 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/7854/5554

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 9 2016 10 10 1136 1145 Vanja ROKVIĆ Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Zoran JEFTIĆ Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Vladimir AJZENHAMER Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2016 09 27 2016 09 27 Background: In recent years, the concept of health security has received an international dimension. However, despite evident links between health and security the concept of health security is not used in either academic or political discourse in Serbia. It comes as no surprise then that even though the issue of security challenges is present in Serbian legislation, it has not been incorporated into the National Security Strategy, by which health threats would be recognized as one of contemporary security priorities. Methods: The method ap