Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 1 4 M Assmar F Yassaei A Terhovanesian AR Esmaeili N Hassan Z Farzanehnezhaad SR Naddaf 2015 10 03 Maternal infection with Toxoplasma gondii acquired during pregnancy may result in congenital infection of developing fetuses. Up to now, decision on informed therapeutic abortion of fetuses suspected of having T. gondii infection in Iran has been made based on serological findings in mothers. This might have led to unnecessary abortion of many uninfected children. We evaluated the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay on amniotic fluids against serological findings in mothers. PCR results in this study indicated that only about one third of Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) positive mothers had passed the infection to their children. It was a sigh of relief for the majority of mothers who learned that their infants were uninfected. On the other hand it helped the mothers of infected fetuses out of an awkward predicament by making them able to make a solid decision to terminate the pregnancy or carry their children to term. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1920 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1920/1901

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 5 9 AR Mesdaghinia M Panahi Akhavan F Vaezi K Naddafi GH Moosavi 2015 10 03 Sludge production is an avoidable problem arising from the treatment of wastewater. The sludge remained after municipal wastewater treatment contains considerable amounts of various contaminants and if is not properly handled and disposed, it may produce extensive health hazards. On the other hand, this sludge has benefits for plants and soils. Thereupon, land application of sludge has received much attention over the traditional incineration and dump in sea. The comprehensive regulations of U.S.EPA title 40 CFR parts 503 include criteria and standards for land application of sludge. One of the most important wastewater treatment plants in Tehran, Iran is Shoosh Plant, which applies its waste sludge in agricultural lands after dewatering in drying beds. In this research, waste sludge from drying beds was examined according to 40 CFR parts 503. Results indicate that the dehydrated sludge has not the characteristics required for final discharge. If the dewatering process in the existing beds of the plant would be modified according to title 40 CFR part 503, the standard of Pathogen Reduction class B would be achieved. Waste sludge of drying bed must be applied in agricultural land with respect to the conditions of application method that is presented in vector attraction reduction. Concentration of this waste sludge is less than ceiling concentration limits identified by title 40 CFR parts 503. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1921 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1921/1902

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 10 12 SJ Hashemi Sarasgani MR 2015 10 03 Physiological mediators of human host such as androgenic hormones interfere pathogenic fungal growth. It has been revealed that the growth of yeasts as well as of dermatophytes is influenced by human androgenic hormones in vitro. In this reason for in vivo condition, the andrgenic hormones level must be measured in patients with dermatophytosis and healthy individuals. To this purpose we measured the levels of testosterone, androstendione dihydroepianderosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) of 46 male patients with dermatophytosis due to Edidermophyton floccocosum by ELISA method. After determination of mentioned hormone concentration in serum statistical analyses were conducted. Using SPSS for windows, version 10. The most important result in our study was the low serum testosterone concentration in patients with Epidermophyton floccosum. Therefore the measuring of this hormone in patients with chronic dermatophytosis can be useful in treatment and control the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1922 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1922/1903

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 13 17 MH Salari K Ghazi-Saeidi S Eshraghi MH Shirazi A Behmardi Kalantari AA Sadrabadi 2015 10 03 Tuberculosis is a continuous threat for health in all parts of the world. An estimated one-third of the world, s population is infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 7 to 8 million people develop TB disease each year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of tuberculosis in the townships of Yazd province, Iran. During the study period (1997-1999), 3885 suspected tuberculosis patients (1820 males and 2065 females; aged 8-85 years) who had been referred to the Yazd referral polyclinic were investigated by Ziehl Neelsen staining and culture method and questionnaire was completed for each subject. Then, Collected data were analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS) and chi-square program. The results show that, of the total suspected tuberculosis, 604 cases were found to be positive for tuberculosis. The average annual rate of tuberculosis was 26.8 cases per 100000 population (23.1/100000 males and 31/100000 females). The highest and lowest rates of tuberculosis were observed among Sadough (78.1/100000) and Abarkouh townships population (19.8/100000) and also among age group ≥ 50 years old (111/100000) and < 10 years old (7/100000), respectively. The average annual rates of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Yazd province were 152 cases (20.2%) and 48 cases (6.4%), respectively. It seems that, despite the efforts, which have been done for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis, it is still considered as a threat for health in the Yazd province, Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1923 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1923/1904

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 18 21 M Jalalian M Rezaiian EB Kia J Massoud M Mahdavi MB Rokni 2015 10 03 Intestinal parasitosis has been a major public health problem in Iran. It is necessary to evaluate an up-date data in this regard to be used by local authorities. Serum IgE determinations and coproparasitological analyses were conducted on 1200 individuals in city of Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran province, northern Iran. A total of 1200 subjects were taken stool samples for three days consecutively. Two hundred and ninety seven cases (24.7%0) were positive for parasitic diseases. The age group of 8-15 years old encompassed the highest rate of infection which showed a significant difference with the other groups (P< 0.01). No significant difference was detected between males and females as to the rate of infection based on the Chi-squared test (14.2% vs. 10.6%), but a significant difference was seen between infection rate and cases education (P https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1924 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1924/1905

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 22 26 N Mansouri J Nouri 2015 10 03 An emission factor is a tool that is used to estimate air pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. It relates the quantity of pollutants released from a source to some activities associated with those emissions. To determine the quantity of pollutant released from copper and its alloys smelting furnaces, 63 samples from emission gases were collected on cellulose ester membrane filters in three 8-hour-shifts within 24 hours during a week at three locations. Samples were weighed and analyzed to measure the heavy metal content by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The emission factors for location 1, without control equipment, for total particulate matter (TPM), Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd were 87.689, 2.076, 37.071, 0.917, 0.023, 0.074, and 0.021 g/Mg of products respectively. Emission factors for location 3, with dedusting unit as control equipment, were 8.139, 0.152, 3.921, 0.055, 0.003, 0.008, and 0.007 g/Mg for the above-mentioned parameters respectively. Finally those were 95.828, 2.228, 40.992, 0.972, 0.026, 0.082, and 0.028 g/Mg as a whole set respectively. Samples of location 2 were collected from inlet of dedusting unit and their results were used only for dedusting unit efficiency calculation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1925 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1925/1906

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 27 30 N Arianpour TM Mohapatra 2015 10 03 Specific and non- specific cellular immune responses were studied in 20 amoebiasis cases and 10 controls. All the study cases and controls were Indians living in Varanasi, India. Ten amoebic liver abscess cases were patients admitted to University hospital. Ten non-invasive intestinal amoebiasis cases constituted the second study group. Non-specific immune responses were studied using E-rosette technique. Specific cellular immune response was evaluated by measuring tritiated thymidine uptake by transformed lymphocytes using crude amoebic extract prepared from axenically grown Entamoeba histolytica NIH: 200 and two of its chromatographed fractions, i.e. fraction I (FI) & fraction II (FII) as well as a mitogen, i.e. Phyto Haemagglutinin-A (PHA). Results show those crude antigens followed by FI & FII are able to induce blastoid transformation of lymphocytes prepared from different cases. Moreover, it was shown that specific cellular immune response was greatly depressed in amoebic liver abscess cases (P https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1926 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1926/1907

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 31 35 Y Rassi E Javadian M Jalali MH Motazedian H Vatndoost 2015 10 03 Since occurrence of an epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis with high incidence of disease (8.9/1000) in Arsanjan county, Fars province, southern Iran, an attempt was made to investigate an epidemiological study during 2001-2002. Symptomatic investigation among 270 schoolchildren over one year of study revealed that 11.9% of population had active lesion with 28.1% scar rate. Parallel study showed that among 7968 people which comprise 1572 households, 6.18% were positive for scars and 1.2% for ulcer. In our study three species of rodents, including Meriones libycus (71%), Cricetulus migratorius (22%) and Microtus arvalis (6%) were captured. By employing Nested-PCR technique, 6.8% (4 of 56) of M.libycus were found infected with Leishmania major. About 83% of indoor collected sandflies comprised, Phlebotomus papatasi. From its density it can be concluded that this species plays an important role in leishmania transmission in the area. The seasonal activity of the sandflies starts at early April and ended in early November. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1927 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1927/1908

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 33 1 2004 03 15 36 44 R Menhage-Bena H Kazemian M Ghazi-Khansari M Hosseini SJ Shahtaheri 2015 10 03 The purpose of this study was to find a relatively inexpensive method for removal of arsenate and arsenite from drinking water. The capability of Iranian natural clinoptilolites, relevant synthetic zeolites A and P and Iron(П) modified of them was investigated for the uptake of arsenic anions from drinking water. Data obtained from ion-exchange using batch (static) technique showed that among the investigated zeolites, modified synthetic zeolite A was the most selective sorbent for removal of arsenic. In titis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1726 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1726/1707

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 28 1-4 1999 12 15 87 92 M.M. Soltan-Dallal E. Mostafavi F. Aghaseriad Javadi 2015 10 03 Yersiniosis is a common infection in human and animals. Yersinia enterocolitica infection has been associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. This bacterium has been isolated from water, meat, milk environment, animals and so on. Our studies have been accomplished about isolation of Y. enterocolitica from vegetables such as lettuce, carrot, celery, parsley, tomato, cabbage, radish, mushroom and leek. Four methods for isolating were: enrichment with ITC broth, enrichment with PSB broth, enrichment with PSB medium with KOH 0.25% and cold enrichment for 14 d at 4 C and used from PSB medium with KOH0.25%. Two cases of Yersinia were isolated from 110 samples of raw vegetables. One case of Y. enterocolotica enterocolitica was isolated from lettuce and the other case was Y.fredriksenli from parsley. Biochemical and virulent tests demonstrated environmental strains but not pathogenic. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1727 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1727/1708

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 28 1-4 1999 12 15 93 102 SM. Karimian E. Dodangeh Balakhani GH.Azari 2015 10 03 Blood sulfhemoglobin (S-Hb), total haemoglobin and phosphorous (P) level and blood cell count in 33 matches industry workers of Azar Abhar, who were exposed directly or indirectly to chemical agents used in the factory (subjects), were measured. The results were compared with the result of the same measurement on 14 farm workers of the region (control) and were analysed. In this study the effect of the work situation and duration of their occupation on the above-mentioned parameters were studied. The following results were obtained: S-Hb blood level between the subjects had a significant increase in respect to the control. This level in subjects of the regions with a high phosphorous pollution was higher than the other parts. Total haemoglobin concentration in the subjects yielded a significant decrease in respect to the control. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1728 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1728/1709

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 28 1-4 1999 12 15 103 109 H.Nekoui M. Assmar A. Amirkhani N.Pyazak 2015 10 03 A faunistic study was carried out to estimate the frequency and distribution of different species of ticks and their association with intermittent relapsing fever, in 1995. In this study, during a course of 18 months, 78 villages were examined in 4 towns and 11 cities. Totally 5938 soft and hard ticks were collected from different habitats, mostly human dwellings and stables. After microscopic examination using a morphological discriminative key, four and three species of soft and hard ticks harbouring Borrelia spp. were identified as well. The distribution of ticks in proportion to whole area was 6.5% per Km for all species which was divided to 3.6% and 2.9% ticks per km for soft and hard ticks, respectively. The rate of infection among Tholozani ticks by Borrelia persica was 36.6%. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1729 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1729/1710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 28 1-4 1999 12 15 110 120 M. jalali P. Vosough S. Ghodsi Sh. Yousefi 2015 10 03 Thirty eight patients with visceral Leishmaniasis were reviewed, age ranged from 2 months to 10 years, 74% above 3.5 y, with 24% affection in infants (7 to 12 m), with slight male predilection. All the patients had weight loss, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, 97% with fever, 92% had positive serology and 63% had positive bone marrow findings. A few patients presented with atypical clinical findings and one patient even had no history for fever. In 2 patients both serology and bone marrow were negative, but due to their critical conditions and high indexes of clinical suspici