Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 1 7 B Larijani M Shirzad MA Mohagheghi V Haghpanah AR Moosavi Jarahi SM Tavangar AR Vassigh A Hossein-nezhad F Bandarian R Baradar- Jalili 2015 10 03 This study was undertaken to define the epidemiological aspects of thyroid carcinoma in Iran, an area of endemic iodine deficiency nearly until recently. The Tehran Cancer Institute Data System Registry (TCIDSR) was used to identify patients with different histological types of thyroid cancer (TC) in Iran. Data were analyzed from 438 thyroid cancer cases identified by the TCIDSR in 1998-99. Disease prevalence was calculated by age, time and place. The TCIDSR recorded 438 primary malignancies of the thyroid gland: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas accounted for 67.1%, 10.7%, 5.3% and 4.3% of cases, respectively. The remaining 12.6% was classified as OD (other diagnoses). The prevalence of TC was the highest in Farsis population. The age range of patients was 8-85 yr. Mean patient age was 44.52± 17.03 yr (mean± SD) overall, 47.74± 18.10 yr in male patients and 43.04± 16.34 in female patients. Anaplastic (6.5% vs. 3.3%) and medullary (10.0% vs. 3.0%) cancers were more common in men than women. Against expectation for an iodine-deficient area, the frequency distribution of tumours in our study was closer to that seen in iodine-rich areas. Additional research on the risk factors for thyroid cancer-genetic, ethnic, geographic and environmental is needed to explain the high incidence of PTC overall, and among Farsis population in particular, in Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1836 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1836/1817

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 8 14 H Mohammadzadeh Hajipirloo GhH Edrissian M Nateghpour H Basseri MB Eslami PF Billingsley 2015 10 03 With the aim of controlling malaria by reducing vector population, the effects of antibodies produced against salivary glands and deglycosylated midgut antigens of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes on fecundity and longevity of the same species were tested. Three deglycosylated preparations of midgut and two preparations of salivary glands were produced, conjugated with aluminum hydroxide gel, and subcutaneously injected to shoulders of TO (Turner Out-bred) mice. After 4 immunizations and assurance of enough antibody production against utilized antigenic suspensions, effects of blood feeding on immunized and control mice were assayed. Insoluble preparation of midgut showed the strongest effect with 23.5% reduction in egg laying, and increasing death rate of vectors in third day after feeding. No significant reduction in fecundity or survivorship was seen with other preparations. Anopheles midgut insoluble antigens are potential candidates for designing vaccines against malaria vectors and further investigations need to be done to find effective antigens and the best way of their use. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1837 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1837/1818

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 15 23 F Zaini M Safara P Kordbacheh M Pezeshki B Beheshti 2015 10 03 Cryptococcosis has become the fourth leading life-threatening opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS, but also occurs in non-AIDS patients. In view of the increasing numbers of infection during last decade in Iran, use of rapid, sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of cryptococcal disease has become important than ever. We aimed to produce the reagents for latex cryptococcal antigen test. The antigen was prepared from NCPF 3168 strain of Cryptococcus neoformans. Anticapsular antiserum of C. neoformans raised in rabbits and latex carboxylate- modified beads were coated with antiserum. The maximally- reactive globulin dilution was obtained at dilution of 1:400. For evaluation of efficacy of reagents, challenged 38 BALB/C mice and other 38 mice were used as controls. The mice were bled and autopsied. Brain, heart and lung were checked by direct, histopathological and cultural examination for cryptococcosis. The sera from case and control mice were tested with Immunomycologic (Immy) kit and also our produced reagents (OPR) for detection of cryptococcal antigen. Moreover, 15 cerebrospinal fluid and 15 serum samples from patients with cryptococcal meningitis, 30 with aspergillosis, 30 with suspected other fungal infections, and 30 from healthy individuals were tested as well. The results showed that the sensitivity (97.3%) and specificity (100%) of OPR was quite comparable with those of Immy kit . Therefore, it could be regarded as a substitute for commercial kits. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1838 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1838/1819

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 24 29 T Zandieh B Babaahmadi A Pourfathollah H Galedari J Emam MA Jalalifar 2015 10 03 TTV was first isolated from the serum of a Japanese patient with post transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology in 1977. TTV has been visualized by electron microscopy and was found to be an unenveloped, small, spherical particle with a diameter of 30-32 nm, and is a member of family related to Circovridae family. The exact role of TTV in the pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Ahwaz. Viral DNA was studied in 250 thalasemic patients. The results were compared with those of 250 blood donor controls. DNA was extracted from plasma and amplified by semi nested polymerase chain reaction with reported primer sets from a conserved region of the TTV genome. 57.2% (143/250) samples obtained from patients and 20% (54/250) of blood donors were positive for TTV-DNA detected by PCR. The difference in TTV prevalence between the two groups was statistically (χ²) significant (P= 0.0001). The prevalence of TTV-DNA in Iranian thalassemic patients is high, which is the same as other countries. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1839 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1839/1820

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 29 34 MH EL-Sayad WM Lotfy 2015 10 03 Vampirolepis nana is the most common cestode in humans especially children. Domestic mice and rats can serve as definitive hosts for V. nana. Confusion exists over the species status and host-specificity of this tapeworm. In a previous study done by the same authors it was found that the Egyptian human isolates of V. nana could be used to infect mice for experimental work. Eggs in human feces and in the fecal pellets excreted by mice probably lose their infectivity sooner or later. Such information is very important from the epidemiologic and epizootic points of view. The aim of this work was to study the infectivity of V. nana var. nana eggs isolated from human feces, murine fecal pellets and worm gravid proglottids after storage for different periods of time. According to the results, the transmission potential capacity of the human strain of V. nana by mice can not be ignored. The relative infectivity of the eggs isolated from the murine rectal fecal pellets is higher than that isolated from the worm because some immature eggs are found in the gravid segments. It was clear that storage of eggs had a deteriorating effect and that the egg infectivity was dependent upon storage time. After 2 wk of storage in dechlorinated water some eggs were still viable and infective. Such a group of eggs present a health risk for people living in the wastewater-exposed areas like Egyptian rural areas, or when wastewater is reused for agricultural purposes as in countries with water scarcity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1840 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1840/1821

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 35 40 E Razmjou M Rezaian A Haghighi B Kazemi B Farzami S Kobayashi T Nozaki 2015 10 03 Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of invasive amoebiasis, the third leading parasitic cause of mortality in the world. Our aim was to find a molecular correlation between a glucosephosphate isomerase zymodeme analyses in E. histolytica zymodemes. It was demonstrated that natural and recombinant glucosephosphate isomerase enzymes of E. histolytica comigrated in the starch gel electrophoresis, indicating that the isoenzyme pattern of E. histolytica glucosephosphate isomerase could be explained from the primary sequences alone and means that expression of the polypeptides of the described sequences in Escherichia coli are able to reproduce the classical glucosephosphate isomerase isoenzyme patterns. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1841 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1841/1822

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 41 46 S Amini S Andalibi Mahmoodabadi S Lamian M Joulaie M Mahmoodi Farahani 2015 10 03 The hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered RNA virus, which is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. A survey was conducted in thalassemic patients, intravenous drug users (IVDU) and blood donors aiming to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in these groups in Tehran. The presence of HGV RNA in these populations was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the 5’ non-coding region (NCR) of the virus. One percent of blood donors, 12.9% of thalassemics and 8.8% of the IVDUs, were infected with HGV. Twenty-five percent of HGV positive cases were also positive for HCV and none were positive for HBV-DNA. The greatest proportion of HCV positive cases were seen in IVDU group (67.4%) being the only HIV positive group (8.8%). In conclusion our study showed that HGV infection occurs with relatively intermediate frequency among thalassemics and IVDUs in Iran and a higher rate of HGV-RNA was observed in older IVDUs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1842 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1842/1823

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 34 4 2005 12 15 47 50 EB Kia J Masoud A Yalda M Mahmoudi H Farahani 2015 10 03 Mazandaran province, northern Iran, has been an area with highest prevalence of infectivity with human taeniasis during past decades. In order to assess current situation of taeniasis in the province by a method which can yield a correct estimation of infection rate, this study was performed by administrating anti-Taenia drug, during 2003-2004. A total of 417 people were randomly selected from rural areas of Mazandaran province. All of them were at first given a dose of niclosamide (2-4 500 mg tablets) and bisacodile (1-3 5 mg tablets); then their 36 h stool passage was collected and examined macroscopically and microscopically. The results revealed that 2 individuals (0.5%) were infected with Taenia saginata. Compared with previous decades, there is a sharp drop on human taeniasis in the study area. Infected peoples were followed up till complete treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1843 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/1843/1824

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2joint under static conditions, as well as joint motion ranges and static balance in girls aged 14 years. Methods: The study included 40 girls aged 14, who attended Gymnasium No. 2 in Cracow (Poland). The research was conducted in October 2020. Postural stability was examined with the use of the YBT. The measurements of muscle strength and knee joint extensor and flexor resistance to fatigue during an isometric contraction were performed in a standard position on the test bench. The measurements of lower extremity joint range of motion were performed in accordance with the SFTR methodology. Static balance was assessed with the use of the modified FBT. Results: The factor structure obtained for both lower extremities has satisfactorily explained the common variance (about 70%) and showed slight differences between the left and right extremities. Conclusion: The factor structure in the group of examined girls suggests a highly hybrid nature of the Y-Balance Test with a wide spectrum of biomechanical variables that have little influence on the measurement results.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26718 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26718/7931

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 07 892 902 Jae-hak Do Department of Korean Language and Literature, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea Sam-hun Park Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea 2023 02 03 2023 05 07 Background: Previous research dealt with the concept of ‘hygiene’ in Korea, mainly regarding the modern transition summarized as ‘from regimen to hygiene’, has been based on qualitative research methods. However, because modern Korean language material had been constructed as a corpus with a considerable size, a quantitative approach based on language material has become possible. Through this, the provision of a new implication point can be received. Methods: The Corpus of Modern Korean Magazines, which is a morph-tagged corpus constructed based on 20 kinds of original texts of modern magazines in Korea, was utilized. In this corpus, a list of the co-occurred words of ‘wisaeng [hygiene], yangsaeang [regimen], geongang [health], and cheonggyeol [cleanliness]’, importantly related to the concept of ‘modern hygiene’ and the strength of co-occurrence that was calculated with the t-score, were extracted and analyzed.  Results: Through a quantitative analysis of the corpus base, it was confirmed that the number of the co-occurred words of ‘wisaeng [hygiene]’ decreases and the strength of the co-occurrence gets low.  In contrast, the number of the co-occurred words of ‘geongang [health]’ increases and the strength of the co-occurred words becomes heightened.  Conclusion: Regarding the change after ‘from regimen to hygiene’, an analysis based on the corpus has been attempted. Through the quantitative data, the conversion into ‘from hygiene to health’ was confirmed. Research with such a method proves the need and the feasibility of quantitative research that supplements the previous qualitative analysis.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31130 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31130/7947

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 08 1095 1096 Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2020 12 08 2021 01 11 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23100 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23100/7945

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 08 978 985 Berta Schulz-Bañares Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile Carla González-Norambuena Central Pharmacy, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile Claudio Muller-Ramirez Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile 2022 09 01 2023 01 09 Background: Poisonings is a preventable public health problem that globally affects the population. We aimed to characterize drug-related acute poisonings occurred in Chile between the years of 2016 and 2020. Methods: A retrospective study of poisonings among hospitalized patients was carried out. Data were obtained from the Medical Outcome Statistical Report database. Inclusion criteria were cases of patients admitted into either public or private healthcare settings with diagnosis of drug-related poisoning according to the WHO ICD-10 codes T30-T50. Statistical analyses were run to establish either significant associations or differences between variables selected in the study. Results: Overall, 12,975 poisonings were identified during the 2016-2020 period. These events corresponded to 0.16% of all national hospital admissions in the study period. Women represented 71.1% of the cases. 76.7% of events were related to intentional poisonings while 7.3% and 16% were accidental and undetermined poisonings respectively. 44.6% of accidental and intentional poisonings occurred at the age of 18-29 yr old. Benzodiazepines (22.8%), antidepressants (11.2%), and acetaminophen (5.1) were the most common drugs associated with poisonings. Average length of hospitalization was between 3.3 and 8.2 days. 0.6% of poisonings resulted in deaths.     Conclusion: Poisonings were characterized by patients’ sex and age, circumstance of exposure, length of hospitalization, and outcome. Poisoning rates were stable along the years with a slight decrease in 2020. Intentional poisonings among young women and men were more common. Most of the cases had favorable outcome for patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29695 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29695/7932

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 07 903 912 Liming Zhao Department of Vascular Surgery, Liu Zh