Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 45 1 2016 02 13 63 69 Payam FARAHBAKHSH-FARSI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolghassem DJAZAYERY Dept. of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ESHRAGHIAN Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba KOOHDANI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz ZAREI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hassan JA­VANBAKHT Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hoda DERAKHSHANIAN Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud DJALALI Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 01 27 2016 01 27 Background: Serum levels of lipocalin 2 (LCN 2) and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP 4), increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We sought to determine whether serum LCN 2 and RBP 4 change after an intervention with omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in diabetic patients. Methods: Forty-five type 2 diabetic patients from Iranian Diabetic Association in Tehran, Iran in 2013 were randomly recruited into two groups: one group received 4 g/d omega-3 for 10 wk; and the control group received placebo. Blood samples, food intake records, anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Fasting RBP 4 plasma levels significantly changed after 10 wk supplementation (P = 0.01). The LCN 2 concentrations decreased in omega-3 group, but the changes were not statistically significant. Omega-3 supplementation had no noticeable effect on anthropometric factors. Conclusions: These findings provide a rationale for omega-3 supplements aimed at lowering serum RBP 4 levels in T2DM.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/5846 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/5846/5280