Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 10 2015 10 28 1339 1347 Abbas YOUSEFINEJAD Fereydoon SIASSI Abbas MIRSHAFIEY Mohammad-Reza ESHRAGHIAN Fariba KOOHDANI Mohammad Hassan JAVANBAKHT Reza SEDA­GHAT Atena RAMEZANI Mahnaz ZAREI Mahmoud DJALALI 2015 10 28 2015 10 28 Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder that leads to hyperlipidemia. L-carnitine and genistein can effect on lipid metabolism and the syndrome. In the present study, we have delved into the separate and the twin-effects of L-carnitine and genistein on the gene expressions of HMG-COA reductase and LDL receptor in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Methods: In this controlled experimental study, 50 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: NC (normal-control), PC (patient-control), LC (L-carnitine), G (genistein), LCG (L-carnitine-genistein). Adriamycin was used for inducing nephrotic syndrome and the spot urine samples and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio were measured. Hepatocytic RNA was extracted and real-time PCR was used for HMG-COA Reductase and LDL receptor gene Expression measurement. Results: The final weight of the patients groups were lower than the NC group (P=0.001), and weight gain of the NC group was higher than the other groups (P<0.001). The proteinuria and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio showed significant differences between PC group and LC, G and LCG groups at week 7 (P<0.001). The expression of HMG-COA Reductase mRNA down regulated in LC, G and LCG groups in comparison with PC group (P<0.001). ΔCT of LDLr mRNA showed significant differences between the PC group and the other patient groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows a significant decreasing (P<0.001) and non-significant increasing trend in HMG-COA Reductase and LDLr gene expression, respectively, and synergistic effect of L-carnitine and genistein on these genes in experimental nephrotic syndrome.   Keywords: Gene, Genistein, L-carnitine, LDL Receptor, Nephrotic syndrome https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4997 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4997/4498