Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 41 12 2012 12 15 8 18 A Sathiya Susuman Dept. of Statistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa. Hamisi F Hamisi 2015 10 15 The government of the United Republic of Tanzania has initiated the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness program to improve the health and wellbeing of children.Tanzania's under-five mortality rate is still 1.7 times higher than the world average and, in order to achieve its Millennium Development Goal 4 target, its annual reduction rate is quite low at 2.2. The main aim of the study is to examine under-five mortality combined with the Data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2008 data was used. Odds ratios for infant and under-five mortality were estimated using logistic regression; crude and adjusting models were adopted.Mortality cases (18.3%) have been reported to children born with an interval of <24 months. Mothers with no education reported 14.6%, primary education mothers reported 11.1% and higher education reported only 5.3% (P<0.001). Therefore, maternal education plays is a major role on fertility and infant and under-five mortality behavior.Maternal education also influences a mother's behavior in her usage of available health services to improve the health of the children. Further in-depth analysis is immensely needed in this situation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4795 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4795/4430