Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 42 12 2013 12 15 1374 86 Siti Farizwana Mohd Ridzwan 1. Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Zurahanim Fasha Anual 2. Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research , Malaysia. Mazrura Sahani 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ahmad Rohi Ghazali 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2015 10 15 Neurotoxicants present in water supply may affect human functions in terms of attention, response speed and perceptual motor speed. Neurobehavioural performance can be influenced by gender, age and education levels. This study aims to assess the neurobehavioral performance of palm oil estate residents with private water supply in southern Peninsular of Malaysia.A total of 287 and 246 participants from estates with private (PWS) and public water supply (PUB) were recruited to complete a demographic and subjective symptom questionnaire followed by the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB).PWS participants who consumed privately-treated water performed poorly in all NCTB tests compared to PUB participants except for Santa Ana test. Significant group differences in neurobehavioral performance were found for Digit Span Backward (P=0.047), Benton Visual Retention (P=0.006) and Trail Making B tests (P<0.05); which measures the function of memory, attention and visual perception-conceptual. Gender, age and years of education influenced the NCTB scores (P<0.05). Female participants performed poorly in tests measuring latency but excellently tackled those tests that determined association. Younger participants from both PWS and PUB performed better on NCTB tests when compared to other age groups (P<0.05). PWS and PUB participants in this study who received a longer duration of education excelled in the NCTB tests (P=0.000).Poor neurobehavioral performance is associated with low water supply quality which affects neurofunctions in terms of attention, memory, response and perceptual motor speed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4281 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/4281/3933