Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 2 2015 02 15 170 5 Khalid M Almutairi Dept. of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2015 10 14 Background: In this study, we investigated the causes behind increase trends in smoking and extent of tobacco use in Saudi Arabia. We also explored the issues related to and its impact tobacco control research and policy in the Kingdom. Methods: Data were collected from various published articles, public data based such as WHO, Geneva and CDC Atlanta. Data were also obtained from surveys conducted by various institutions under The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) for high school students and Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) for medical student. Tobacco importation data and death rates were estimated by various International Organizations. Results: Tobacco importation in Saudi Arabia increased from 1996 to 2012. The proportion of smokers in the KSA almost doubled especially in males from 21% in 1996 to 37% in 2012. Mortality attributable to tobacco in the KSA was estimated to account for 280, 000 premature deaths over the same period (without accounting for smuggled tobacco). The economic burden of tobacco consumption over the last 10 years (2001–2010) in the KSA was 20.5 billion US dollars (based on 2011 prices). Anti-tobacco measures in KSA have been reinforced by the enactment of antitobacco laws and collaboration among different government agencies and ministries. Conclusion: If effective tobacco control strategies are not enacted, serious consequences, increasing premature mortality rates among them, will continue to threaten the KSA. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3702 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3702/3376